A Cumulative Checklist for the
Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and
Allied Fungi of the Continental United States and Canada, Version 24
Theodore L.
Esslinger
This
checklist consists of cumulative updates to the most recently published North
American checklist (Esslinger 2019). The same style and conventions for
listings used there continue to be followed here. Within each genus the
accepted names are listed first and are in boldface. Names
considered to be synonyms are listed second and are presented in normal font
only. Significant changes made since the last version (#23) are given in blue font. As before,
the following symbols are used to indicate the lichenicolous fungi and other
allied fungi:
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living
lichens)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on
various substrates
# = various fungi of odd or uncertain status: e.g.: those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic
or lichen-forming when mature; or
lichenicolous lichens.
The
first North American (north of Mexico) lichen checklist produced by Mason Hale
and Bill Culberson in 1956 (Castanea 21: 73-105) listed 2,280 species in 193
genera (their count), and included few or no lichenicolous or allied
fungi. Almost forty years later, the
first checklist version with which I was involved (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
reported 3,580 lichen species and another 219 species of lichenicolous and
allied fungi, all in 477 genera. The
count for this current version (#24) is 5,823 total species in 805 genera, with
an additional 38 subspecies, 51 varieties, and 3 forms. The total species number includes 670
lichenicolous fungi (*), 113 saprophytic fungi related to lichens or to
lichenicolous fungi (+), and another 96 species of varying and/or uncertain
biological status (#).
This list is updated at semi-regular intervals, usually about once every
twelve to eighteen months, as changes accumulate in the literature. I would
appreciate being informed of any oversights or omissions, and although not all
taxonomic or nomenclatural differences of opinion will be easily or immediately
settled, any polite opinions that users would like to share will be welcomed
and taken under consideration. Additions or changes appearing in this version
of the checklist represent reports in the literature, and their presence here
does not necessarily imply endorsement by the author. In addition to inviting
comments or corrections, it would be very helpful if authors of publications
containing additions to the North American lichen biota, or other taxonomic and
nomenclatural changes that impact it, would provide me with copies, either
paper or electronic. I owe a sincere thank you to the many colleagues who
continue to provide suggested corrections and/or additions.
Please send
comments and publications to:
Citation: This
version (Version #24, 10
December 2021) of the checklist is being simultaneously
published online here, hosted by North
Dakota State University:
http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm, and in Opuscula Philolichenum 20: 100-394.
2021. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/op/biblio_details.php?irn=484431
Previous versions of this on-line checklist are archived and available by clicking on the following:
Version #1
(First Posted 1 December 1997)
Version #2 (First
Posted 17 February 1998)
Version #3
(First Posted 22 June 1998)
Version #4
(First Posted 19 July 1999)
Version #5
(First Posted 15 May 2000)
Version #6
(First Posted 26 February 2001)
Version #7
(First Posted 27 August 2001)
Version #8
(First Posted 17 July 2002)
Version #9 (First Posted 2 March 2004)
Version #10 (First Posted 14 June 2005)
Version #11
(First Posted 10 April 2006)
Version #12
(First Posted 2 April 2007)
Version #13
(First Posted 18 January 2008)
Version #14
(First Posted 8 October 2008)
Version #15
(First Posted 27 August 2009)
Version #16
(First Posted 18 June 2010)
Version #17
(First Posted 16 May 2011)
Version #18
(First Posted 13 December 2012)
Version #19
(First Posted 23 March 2014)
Version #20
(First Posted 19 April 2015)
Version #21 (First Posted 15 November 2016) Archived in Opuscula
Philolichenum: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/op/biblio_details.php?irn=479191
Version #22 (First posted 29 January 2018) Archived in Opuscula
Philolichenum: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/op/biblio_details.php?irn=480859
Version #23 (First posted 19 September 2019) Archived in Opuscula
Philolichenum: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/op/biblio_details.php?irn=482603
Suggestions For Use: This web site consists of one large file (ca. 2 MB),
and, once loaded, can be efficiently navigated by using either the provided
alphabetic navigation bars or the usual scrolling devices. The genera are
listed in alphabetical order, as are the species lists within each genus. Click
on the following letters to advance to the genera beginning with that letter or
to the References Cited:
A B
C D E
F G H
I J K
L M N
O P R
S T U
V W X
Z References Cited
ABROTHALLUS De Not.
*acetabuli Diederich (Kocourkova et
al. 2012)
*bertianus De Not.
*bryoriarum Hafellner
*caerulescens I. Kotte (Diederich 2003)
*cladoniae R. Sant. & D. Hawksw.
*eriodermae Suija, Etayo &
Pérez-Ortega (Suija et al. 2015)
*ertzii Suija, & Pérez-Ortega
(Suija et al. 2015)
*halei Pérez-Ortega, Suija, D.
Hawksw. & R. Sant. (Suija et al.
2011)
*hypotrachynae Etayo & Diederich
(Lendemer & Knudsen 2008b)
*lobariae (Diederich & Etayo) Diederich & Ertz Syn.: Phoma lobariae (Diederich et al. 2018)
*microspermus Tul. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*nephromatis
Suija, & Pérez-Ortega (Suija et al. 2015)
*parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold Syn.: Buellia parmeliarum
*peyritschii (Stein) I. Kotte
*pezizicola Diederich & R. C. Harris (Diederich 2003)
*prodiens (Harm.) Diederich & Hafellner
*secedens Wedin & R. Sant. (Spribille et al. 2010)
*suecicus (Kirschst.) Nordin (Diederich 2003)
*tulasnei
M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) Possible synonym of A.
caerulescens (Spribille et al 2018)
*usneae Rabenh. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*welwitschii Mont. ex Tul.
*cetrariae I. Kotte
(Goward et al. 1996) = A. parmeliarum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*oxysporus Tul. = Nesolechia oxyspora
*usneae auct. non Rabenh. = Lichenostigma maureri
ABSCONDITELLA Vězda
amabilis T. Sprib. (Spribille et al.
2009)
celata Döbbeler & Poelt
(Spribille et al. 2009)
lignicola Vězda & Pišút (Nash et al. 1998)
rosea Kalb & Aptroot (Spribille
et al. 2020)
sphagnorum Vězda & Poelt
trivialis (Willey ex Tuck.) Vězda
ACANTHOTHECIS Clem.
aurantiaca (Müll. Arg.) Staiger & Kalb Syns.: Graphina intertexta, Graphis
intertexta (Staiger 2002)
floridana Lendemer & R. C.
Harris (Lendemer & Harris 2014a)
floridensis F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
fontana Muscavitch & Lendemer
(Muscavitch & Lendemer 2016)
gracilis Staiger & Kalb (Staiger
& Kalb 1999)
leucopepla (Tuck.) E. Tripp &
Lendemer Syns.: Graphis leucopepla, Graphina abaphoides
(Tripp et al. 2010)
leucoxanthoides Lendemer
(Lendemer & Harris 2014a)
mosquitensis (Tuck.) E. Tripp & Lendemer Syns.:
Graphis mosquitensis, Graphina subvirginalis (Tripp et al. 2010)
paucispora Lendemer & R. C. Harris (Lendemer & Harris 2014a)
peplophora (M. Wirth & Hale) E. Tripp & Lendemer Syn.: Graphina
peplophora (Tripp et al. 2010)
poitaeoides (M. Wirth & Hale) E. Tripp & Lendemer Syn.:
Graphis poitaeoides (Tripp et al. 2010)
abaphoides
(Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb (Staiger & Kalb 1999) = A. leucopepla
intertexta (Müll. Arg.) Staiger & Kalb = A. aurantiaca
ACAROCONIUM Kocourk. & D.
Hawksw. (Kocourková & Hawksworth
2008)
*punctiforme Kocourk. & D.
Hawksw. (Kocourková & Hawksworth 2008)
ACAROSPORA A. Massal.
affinis K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
amabilis
H. Magn. (Knudsen
& Kocourková 2020d, Knudsen et al. 2021d)
americana H. Magn. (Knudsen et al.
2011b)
applanata H. Magn. (Knudsen et al.
2021d)
arenacea H. Magn. (Knudsen
& Kocourková 2008a, 2020b)
asahinae H. Magn.
badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
Syn.: Sarcogyne athroocarpa (Knudsen & Kocourková 2013)
bolleana (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen, J. N.
Adams, Kocourk. & Y. Wang Syn.:
Sarcogyne bolleana (Knudsen et al. 2020)
boulderensis H. Magn. (Knudsen et al. 2014b; McCune et al. 2014b)
brattiae K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
brodoana K. Knudsen, Kocourk.
& M. Westb. (Knudsen et al. 2016)
brouardii B. de Lesd. (Knudsen 2007a, Knudsen et al. 2008a)
brucei K. Knudsen
& Kocourk. (Knudsen & Kocourková 2018b)
bullata Anzi (Brinker & Knudsen 2019)
Previous reports for N.A. were in error (Knudsen et al. 2010)
calcarea K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
carnegiei Zahlbr. (Knudsen et al. 2021d)
chrysops (Tuck.) H. Magn. (Knudsen et al. 2008a)
clauzadeana (Llimona) Casares & Hafellner Syn.: Biatorella clauzadeana
coloradiana H. Magn.
contigua H. Magn. (Brodo et al.
2001, Knudsen 2007a)
elevata H. Magn.
epilutescens Zahlbr. (Knudsen 2005a)
erratica K. Knudsen & Kocourk. (Knudsen & Kocourková
2018b)
erythrophora H. Magn. (Knudsen
2007a)
fuscata (Schrader) Arnold
fuscescens H. Magn.
glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körber Syns.: Lecanora glaucocarpa, L. glaucocarpa
var. verrucosa
gyrocarpa
(H. Magn.) K. Knudsen & M. Westb.
Syns.: Polysporina gyrocarpa, Sarcogyne gyrocarpa, S. oligospora
(Knudsen et al. 2017)
heufleriana Körber
hilaris (Dufour) Hue
impressula Th. Fr.
#interjecta H. Magn.
janae K. Knudsen (Lumbsch et al.
2011)
lendemeri K. Knudsen
& Kocourk. Syn.: Sarcogyne
sphaerospora (Knudsen & Kocourková 2020c)
maccarthyi K. Knudsen & Kocourk. (Knudsen & Kocourková
2015)
macrospora (Hepp ex Nyl.) A. Massal. ex Bagl.
moenium (Vainio) Räsänen (Nordin et al. 2009)
molybdina (Wahlenb.) Trevisan
#nashii K. Knudsen
(Knudsen 2011a)
nevadensis H. Magn.
nicolai B. de Lesd. (Knudsen &
Morse 2009)
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. nodulosa
novomexicana H. Magn. (Knudsen 2007a)
obnubila H. Magn.
obpallens (Nyl. ex Hasse) Zahlbr. Syn.: Lecanora obpallens
oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold
orcuttii K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2010 [2011])
organensis K. Knudsen, Kocourk., Hodková
& Y. Wang (Knudsen et al. 2021d)
piedmontensis K. Knudsen (Knudsen et al. 2011b)
privigna
(Ach.) A. Schneider Syns.: Biatorella
revertens, B. simplex, Lecanora privigna, L. privigna var. revertens,
Polysporina simplex, Sarcogyne simplex (Knudsen et al. 2021b)
radicata H. Magn. (Knudsen & Kocourková 2020d)
robiniae K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
rosulata (Th. Fr.) H. Magn. (Knudsen
et al. 2010)
rouxii K. Knudsen, Elix & Reeb (Knudsen 2007a, Knudsen et al. 2008a)
rugulosa Körber
saepincola H. Magn.
schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Lecanora schleicheri
scotica Hue
#scottii K. Knudsen & Kocourk. (Knudsen & Kocourková 2020b)
sinopica (Wahlenb.) Körber Syn.: Lecanora fuscata var.
sinopica
socialis H. Magn.
sparsa H. Magn.)
squamulosa (Schrader) Trevisan (Knudsen et al. 2019)
#stapfiana (Müll. Arg.) Hue
strigata (Nyl.) Jatta
*subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn. Syns.: Polysporina subfuscescens, Sarcogyne
bicolor p.p., S. lapponica auct. p.p. (Knudsen et al. 2021b)
succedens H. Magn.
superfusa H. Magn. (Lendemer & Knudsen 2011)
tenebrica H. Magn. (Knudsen et al.
2021d)
thamnina (Tuck.) Herre Syn.: Lecanora cervina var. thamnina
thelococcoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syns.: Lecanora thelococcoides,
L. pleiospora, L. pleistospora
tintickiana St.
Clair, Newberry & S. Leavitt (Leavitt et al. 2018)
toensbergii K. Knudsen &
Kocourk. (Knudsen & Kocourková 2017)
tuckerae K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a)
veronensis A. Massal.
aeruginosa
Hasse = Caeruleum heppii
albida H. Magn. = A. epilutescens
albomarginata (Herre) G. Salisb. = A. elevata
(Knudsen 2007a)
amphibola Wedd. = Myriospora
smaragdula
amphibola sensu auct. =
Myriospora rhagadiza
*arenacea
H. Magn. = Polysporina arenacea (Knudsen & Kocourková 2008a)
arenosa Herre = Sarcogyne arenosa
asperata H. Magn. = A.
boulderensis (Kocourková et al. 2014b)
bella (Nyl.) Jatta = A. rhabarbarina (Knudsen et al. 2008a), but a
misidentification for North America (Knudsen & Kocourková 2012a)
caesiofusca (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn. =
A. nicolai
californica
Zahlbr. = A. badiofusca (Knudsen 2007a)
canadensis H. Magn. = Sarcogyne canadensis (Knudsen et al. 2020)
cartilaginea H. Magn. = A. fuscata
cervina A. Massal. Not known to occur in
N.A. (Knudsen & Kocourková 2020c)
chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
cineracea (Nyl.) Wedd. =
misidentification for North America
cinereoalba
(Fink) H. Magn. = A. americana (Knudsen et al. 2011b)
citrina (Taylor) Zahlbr. = misidentification for North America (Knudsen
& Flakus 2016)
complanata H. Magn. North American
report is A. brucei (Knudsen &
Kocourková 2018b)
desolata H. Magn. =
Sarcogyne desolata
dispersa
H. Magn. = Trimmatothelopsis dispersa
dissipata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
evoluta H. Magn. = A. socialis (Knudsen 2007a)
flava (Bellardi) Ach. = Pleopsidium flavum
gallica H. Magn. = A. janae for North American reports (Knudsen et al. 2011b)
geogena H. Magn. = A.
nodulosa (Knudsen 2007a)
geophila H. Magn. = A. nodulosa
glebosa (Flotow) Körber = A. oligospora
hassei Herre (Knudsen 2007a) = Myriospora hassei (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012)
heppii (Nägeli ex Hepp) Nägeli ex Körber = Caeruleum heppii
immersa Fink = Caeruleum immersum
incertula H. Magn. = A. novomexicana (Knudsen 2007a)
instrata H. Magn. = A. carnegiei
(Knudsen et al. 2021d)
intercedens H. Magn. = A. socialis
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2005b)
interposita
H. Magn. = A. thamnina (Knudsen 2007a)
interspersa H. Magn. = A.
succedens (Knudsen 2011a)
lapponica (Ach. ex Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Sarcogyne lapponica (see note there)
*lapponica auct. N.A. = Polysporina subfuscesens
montana H. Magn. = A. rugulosa
nigromarginata
B. de Lesd. = A. strigata (Knudsen 2007a)
nitida
H. Magn. (Weber & Wittman 2000) = A. elevata for North American records
(Knudsen 2007a)
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. reagens Zahlbr. = A. nodulosa
obscura H. Magn. = A. veronensis for N.A. (Knudsen 2007a, Knudsen & Kocourková 2018)
ocellata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
oreophila K.
Knudsen (Knudsen 2007a) = Trimmatothelopsis oreophila (Knudsen et al. 2021c)
oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium flavum
particularis H. Magn. = Myriospora hassei (Knudsen 2007a, Arcadia & Knudsen 2012)
peliocypha (Wahlenb.)
Th. Fr. (“peliscypha”) = A. squamulosa
(Knudsen et al. 2019)
peltastica Zahlbr. = A. strigata (Knudsen & Lendemer 2005b)
peltata Hasse = A. strigata (Knudsen 2007a)
pleiospora (Nyl.) Hasse. = A. thelococcoides (Lendemer 2004a)
pleistospora (Nyl.) Hasse = A. thelococcoides (Lendemer 2004a)
pyrenopsoides H. Magn. =
misidentification for North America (Knudsen & Kocourková 2010a)
reagens
Zahlbr. = A. nodulosa (Knudsen 2007a)
rhabarbarina Hue (Knudsen et al.
2008a) = misidentification for North
America (Knudsen & Kocourková 2012a)
rhagadiosa (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Glypholecia scabra
rimulosa H. Magn. = A. socialis (Knudsen 2007a)
rubicunda H. Magn. = A. heufleriana
(Knudsen 2007a)
rufescens (Ach.) Bausch = Myriospora smaragdula
saxicola Fink = Glypholecia scabra
scabra (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Glypholecia scabra
scabrida Hedl. ex H. Magn. =
Myriospora scabrida
smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.
= Myriospora smaragdula
smaragdula var. lesdainii (Harm. ex A.L. Smith) H.
Magn. (Knudsen 2004a) = Myriospora smaragdula
sphaerosperma R. C. Harris & K. Knudsen (Knudsen et al. 2011b) =
Trimmatothelopsis sphaerosperma (Knudsen et al. 2021c)
squamulosa (Schrader) Trevisan = A. macrospora (Knudsen 2007a)
squamulosa sensu Th. Fr. = A. macrospora
stenospora (Stizenb.) Hue = Pleopsidium flavum
subalbida H. Magn. = A. socialis
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2005b)
subcontigua H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
subrufula (Nyl.) H. Olivier (McCune et
al. 1997) Report based on a specimen of
Myriospora smaragdula (Knudsen 2007b)
superfusa
H. Magn. = A. americana (Lendemer & Knudsen 2011, Knudsen et al. 2011b)
terricola
H. Magn. = Trimmatothelopsis terricola (Knudsen & Lendemer 2016)
texana H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
thermophila
Herre = A. thamnina (Knudsen 2007a)
tongletii Hue Not known from
N.A. (Knudsen & Kocourková 2020c)
tucsonensis H. Magn. = A.
carnegiei Zahlbr. (Knudsen et al. 2021d)
umbilicata Bagl. (Harris & Ladd
2005) North American records are
Acarospora nicolai (Knudsen et al. 2011b)
utahensis H. Magn. = A. strigata
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2005b)
variegata H. Magn. = A. tongleti
washingtonensis
H. Magn. = A. elevata (Knudsen 2007a)
weldensis H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
xanthophana (Nyl.) Jatta = misidentification for North America (Knudsen 2008a)
ACOLIUM (Ach.) Gray (Prieto &
Wedin 2017)
chloroconium Tuck. Syn.: Cyphelium chloroconium
inquinans (Sm.) A. Massal. Syn.: Cyphelium inquinans
karelicum (Vainio) M. Prieto & Wedin Syn.: Cyphelium
karelicum
*sessile (Pers.) Arnold Syns.: Calicium sessile, Cyphelium
sessile
bolanderi Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Thelomma mammosum
carolinianum Tuck. = Calicium carolinianum
sancti-jacobi Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Texosporium sancti-jacobi
tympanellum (Ach.) Gray = Acolium inquinans
ACREMONIUM Link
*strictum W. Gams (Spribille et al. 2010)
ACROCORDIA A. Massal.
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia cavata
conoidea (Fr.) Körber Syn.: Arthopyrenia conoidea
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. Syns.: Arthopyrenia gemmata, A.
alba, A. sphaeroides (Lendemer &
Harris 2014b)
megalospora (Fink) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
macrospora, A. finkii, Pyrenula megalospora
ACROSCYPHUS Lév.
sphaerophoroides Lév.
ACTINOGYRA Schol. = UMBILICARIA
muhlenbergii (Ach.) Schol. = Umbilicaria muhlenbergii
muhlenbergii var. alpina (Tuck.) Llano = Umbilicaria muhlenbergii
polyrrhiza (L.) Schol. = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza
ADELOCOCCUS Theissen & Sydow
*alpestris (Zopf) Theissen & Sydow
ADELOLECIA Hertel & Hafellner
kolaensis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea conferenda
pilati (Hepp) Hertel & Hafellner Syns.: Lecidea pilati, L.
lyngeana, L. subauriculata Lynge non B. de Lesd.
sonorae
Hertel (Hertel 2004)
AGONIMIA Zahlbr.
allobata (Stizenb.) P. James (Fryday 2001)
flabelliformis Halda, Czarnota &
Guzow-Krzemińska (Waters & Lendemer 2019)
gelatinosa (Ach.) M. Brand & Diederich Syn.: Polyblastia
gelatinosa (Sérusiaux et al. 1999)
opuntiella (Buschardt & Poelt) Vězda (Lendemer 2004c)
tristicula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Polyblastia tristicula
vouauxii (B. de Lesd.) M. Brand
& Diederich (Freebury 2014)
AGRESTIA J. W. Thomson = CIRCINARIA
cyphellata J. W. Thomson = Circinaria hispida
hispida (Mereschk.) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Circinaria hispida
AGYRIUM Fr.
+rufum (Pers.) Fr.
carneolum Tuck. non (Corda) Rabenh. (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
AGYROPHORA (Nyl.) Nyl. = UMBILICARIA
leiocarpa (DC.) Gyelnik = Umbilicaria leiocarpa
lyngei (Schol.) Llano = Umbilicaria lyngei
rigida (Du Rietz) Llano = Umbilicaria rigida
scholanderi Llano = Umbilicaria scholanderi
AHLESIA Fuckel = THELOCARPON
sphaerospora (H. Magn.) G. Salisb. = Thelocarpon sphaerosporum
AHTIANA Goward
aurescens (Tuck.) A. Thell & Randlane Syns.: Cetraria
aurescens, Tuckermannopsis aurescens (Thell et al. 1995)
pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & A. Thell Syns.:
Cetraria pallidula, Tuckermannopsis pallidula (Thell et al. 1995)
sphaerosporella (Müll. Arg.) Goward Syn.: Parmelia
sphaerosporella
AINOA Lumbsch & I. Schmitt (Lumbsch et al. 2001)
bella Brodo & Lendemer (Brodo
& Lendemer 2015)
mooreana (Carroll) Lumbsch & I. Schmitt
Misidentification for North America (Brodo & Lendemer 2015)
ALBEMARLEA Lendemer & R. C. Harris (Lendemer et al. 2016c)
pamlicoensis Lendemer & R. C.
Harris
ALECTORIA Ach.
fallacina Motyka
imshaugii Brodo & D. Hawksw.
lata (Taylor) Lindsay
ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal.
sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach.
sorediosa (Lång ex Räsänen) McMullin
& Lendemer (McMullin et al. 2016)
vancouverensis (Gyelnik) Gyelnik ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.
vexillifera (Nyl.) Stizenb.
(McMullin et al. 2016)
abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) R. Howe = Nodobryoria abbreviata
achariana Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
altaica (Gyelnik) Räsänen = Bryoria nadvornikiana
ambigua Motyka = Bryoria ambigua
americana Motyka = Bryoria americana
bicolor (Ehrh.) Nyl. = Bryoria bicolor
boryana Delise = Gowardia nigricans
californica (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Kaernefeltia californica
cana (Ach.) Leighton = Bryoria fuscescens (Boluda et al. 2018), but N.A.
records are B. pseudofuscescens
canadensis Motyka = Bryoria trichodes subsp. trichodes
capillaris (Ach.) Crombie = Bryoria fuscescens (Boluda et al. 2018), many N.A.
records are B. pseudofuscescens
cervinula Motyka = Bryoria cervinula
cetrariza Nyl. = Kaernefeltia californica
chalybeiformis (L.) Gray = Bryoria fuscescens
corneliae Gyelnik = Bryoria fremontii
delicata Motyka = a nomen nudum = Bryoria trichodes subsp. trichodes
divergens (Ach.) Nyl. = Bryocaulon divergens
fremontii Tuck. = Bryoria fremontii
fuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
gowardii Lumbsch (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2010) = Gowardia arctica
glabra Motyka = Bryoria glabra
haynaldii Gyelnik = misidentification for North America
implexa (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Bryoria fuscescens (Boluda et al. 2018), many N.A.
records are B. pseudofuscescens
irvingii Llano = Bryoria nitidula
jubata (L.) Ach. Commonly confused and
misused name applied to various pendent species of Bryoria (Brodo &
Hawksworth 1977)
lanea auct. non (Hoffm.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
lanestris (Ach.) Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens (Velmala et al. 2014; Boluda et
al. 2018)
luteola Mont. = A. sarmentosa
minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Degel. = Pseudephebe minuscula
nadvornikiana Gyelnik = Bryoria nadvornikiana
nana Motyka = a nomen nudum = Bryoria simplicior
nidulifera Norrlin = Bryoria furcellata
nigricans (Ach.) Nyl. = Gowardia nigricans
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
norstictica Motyka = a nomen nudum = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
ochroleuca var. cincinnata (Fr.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = A. vexillifera
ochroleuca var. osteina Nyl.
(Tuckerman 1882) = A. ochroleuca
ochroleuca var. rigida (Fr.) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) = A. ochroleuca
oregana Tuck. = Nodobryoria oregana
positiva (Gyelnik) Motyka = Bryoria fuscescens
pseudofuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
pubescens (L.) R. Howe = Pseudephebe pubescens
sarmentosa
subsp. vexillifera
(Nyl.) D. Hawksw. = A. vexillifera (McMullin et al. 2016)
setacea (Ach.) Motyka = Bryoria pseudofuscescens for North American records
simplicior (Vainio) Lynge = Bryoria simplicior
stigmata Bystrek = A. sarmentosa
subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens (Velmala et al. 2014)
subdivergens E. Dahl = Nodobryoria subdivergens
subsarmentosa Stirton = A. sarmentosa
subtilis Motyka = a nomen nudum = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
tenerrima Motyka = Bryoria fremontii
tenuis E. Dahl = Bryoria tenuis
thrausta Ach. = Ramalina thrausta
tortuosa G. Merr. = Bryoria fremontii
virens auct. = Bryoria fremontii for North American records
ALLANTOPARMELIA (Vainio) Essl.
almquistii (Vainio) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia almquistii
alpicola (Th. Fr.) Essl. Syns.: Parmelia alpicola, P. encausta
var. alpicola
sibirica (Zahlbr.) Essl. (Spribille et al. 2009a)
ALLARTHONIA (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
caesia Flotow = Chrysothrix caesia
ALLOCALICIUM M. Prieto & Wedin (Prieto & Wedin 2017)
adaequatum (Nyl.) M. Prieto &
Wedin Syn.: Calicium adaequatum, C. hemisphaericum
ALLOCETRARIA Kurokawa & Lai
madreporiformis (Ach.) Kärnefelt
& A. Thell Syns.: Cetraria madreporiformis, Dactylina madreporiformis,
Dufourea madreporiformis (Kärnefelt & Thell 1996)
stracheyi (Bab.) Kurok. & M. J. Lai
(Thell et al. 2009)
cucullata (Bellardi) Randlane & Saag = Flavocetraria cucullata
nivalis (L.) Randlane & Saag =
Flavocetraria nivalis
oakesiana
(Tuck.) Randlane & A. Thell = Usnocetraria oakesiana
ALLOGRAPHA Chevall. (Lücking &
Kalb 2018)
acharii (Fée) Lücking & Kalb
Syns.: Graphina acharii, Graphis acharii (Kalb et al. 2018) Presence in N.A.
uncertain (Tripp et al. 2010)
argentata (Lücking & Umaña)
Lücking & Kalb Syn.: Graphis argentata (Lücking et al. 2011b, Lücking & Kalb 2018)
elongata (Zenker) Lücking & Kalb
Syn.: Graphis elongata (Seavey et al. 2017, Kalb et al. 2018)
longula (Kremp.) Lücking & Kalb
Syn.: Graphis longula (Lücking et al. 2011b, Lücking & Kalb 2018)
lumbricina (Vainio) Lücking &
Kalb Syn.: Graphis lumbricina (Lücking & Kalb 2018)
pavoniana (Fée) Lücking & Kalb
Syn.: Graphis pavoniana (Kalb et al. 2018) N.A. reports uncertain (Lendemer
2010b)
pseudocinerea (Lücking) Lücking
& Kalb Syn.: Graphis pseudocinerea (Lücking et al. 2011b, Lücking & Kalb
2018)
rimulosa (Mont.) Lücking & Kalb
Syn.: Graphis rimulosa (Kalb et al. 2018)
sterlingiana (E. Tripp &
Lendemer) Lücking & Kalb Syn.: Graphis sterlingiana (Lendemer et al. 2013,
Lücking & Kalb 2018)
subamylacea (Zahlbr.) Lücking &
Kalb Syn.: Graphis subamylacea (Lücking & Kalb 2018)
subflexibilis (Lücking & Chaves)
Lücking & Kalb Syn.: Graphis subflexibilis (Lücking et al. 2011b; Lücking
& Kalb 2018)
tamiamiensis (Lendemer) Lücking
& Kalb Syn.: Graphis tamiamiensis (Lendemer 2010b, Lücking & Kalb 2018)
xanthospora (Müll. Arg.) Lücking
& Kalb Syn.: Graphis xanthospora (Lücking et al. 2011b, Kalb et al. 2018)
ALYXORIA Ach. (Ertz & Tehler
2011)
bicolor (R. C. Harris &
Lendemer) Ertz & Tehler (Ertz & Tehler 2011) Syn.: Opegrapha bicolor
culmigena
(Libert) Ertz Syn.: Opegrapha herbarum
(Spribille et al. 2020)
mougeotii (A. Massal.) Ertz, Frisch
& G. Thor Syn.: Opegrapha
mougeotii (Frisch et al. 2014)
ochrocheila (Nyl.) Ertz & Tehler
(Ertz & Tehler 2011) Syn.: Opegrapha ochrocheila
varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler
(Ertz & Tehler 2011) Syns.: Opegrapha diaphora, O. varia
AMANDINEA M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrhofer
*adjuncta
(Th. Fr.) Hafellner Syn.: Buellia adjuncta (Hafellner 2004b)
cacuminum (Th. Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina
cacuminum (Mayrhofer & Sheard 2002)
coniops (Wahlenb.) M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H.
Mayrhofer Syn.: Buellia coniops
dakotensis (H. Magn.) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Rinodina
dakotensis, R. finkii, R. inaequalis, R. pennsylvanica, R. pyriniformis, R.
subplumbea, R. subpyriniformis. (Sheard & May 1997)
efflorescens (Müll. Arg.) Marbach (Marbach 2000)
endachroa (Malme) Marbach (Lücking
et al. 2011bb)
langloisii Imshaug ex Marbach (Marbach 2000) Syn.: Buellia langloisii
leucomela (Imshaug) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Buellia
leucoemela (Sheard & May 1997)
lignicola Tønsberg & Nordin
(Tønsberg et al. 2012)
milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina milliaria
(Sheard & May 1997)
polyspora (Willey) E. Lay & P. May Syn.: Buellia
myriocarpa var. polyspora, B. polyspora, B. punctata var. polyspora (Sheard
& May 1997)
punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. Syn.: Buellia
punctata, B. myriocarpa
subduplicata (Vainio) Marbach (Marbach 2000)
submontana Marbach (Marbach 2000)
insperata (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard (Lendemer et al. 2008c) = Orcularia
insperata (Kalb & Giralt 2012)
placodiomorpha
(Vainio) Marbach (Marbach 2000) = Orcularia placodiomorpha (Kalb & Giralt
2012)
turgescens (Nyl.) Marbach (Marbach 2000) = Monerolechia
badia (Diederich et al. 2018; Bungartz
& Nash 2004c)
AMELIELLA Fryday & Coppins (Fryday & Coppins 2008)
andreaeicola Fryday & Coppins
AMEROCONIUM U. Braun & Zhurb.
*cladoniae U. Braun & Zhurb.
(Zhurbenko & Braun 2013)
AMEROSPORIOPSIS Petr.
*phaeographidis Diederich & Common (Diederich et al. 2019)
AMPHILOMA Nyl.
lanuginosum (Ach.) Nyl. = Lepraria membranaceum
AMPHISPHAERIA Ces. & De Not.
+bufonia (Berk. &
Broome) Ces. & De Not. (Perlmutter et al. 2017)
AMPLIOTREMA Kalb ex Kalb
auratum (Tuck.) Kalb ex Kalb (Seavey
et al. 2014)
AMPULLIFERA Deighton
*foliicola Deighton (Diederich et al. 2019)
AMYGDALARIA Norman
consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel, Brodo & Mas. Inoue
continua Brodo & Hertel
elegantior (H. Magn.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Huilia
elegantior, Lecidea elegantior
haidensis Brodo & Hertel
panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Biatora panaeola,
Lecidea panaeola, Huilia panaeola
pelobotryon (Wahlenb.) Norman Syns.: Lecanora pelobotrya,
Aspicilia pelobotrya, Lecidea pelobotrya, L. "pelobotrion"
subdissentiens (Nyl.) Mas. Inoue & Brodo
ANAMYLOPSORA Timdal
pulcherrima (Vainio) Timdal Syns.: Lecidea pulcherrima, Psora
pulcherrima
ANAPTYCHIA Körber
bryorum Poelt
crinalis (Schaerer) Vězda
(Esslinger 2007) Syn.: Physcia ciliaris var. crinalis
elbursiana (Szatala) Poelt (Esslinger 2002a) Syn.: Physconia
thomsonii
palmulata (Michaux) Vainio Syns.: Physcia detonsa, Psoroma
palmulata
ulothricoides (Vainio) Vainio
appalachensis Kurok. = Heterodermia appalachensis
aquila (Ach.) A. Massal. North American records = A. palmulata
boryi (Feé) A. Massal. = Heterodermia boryi
casarettiana A. Massal. = Heterodermia casarettiana
chondroidea (W. A. Weber & D. D. Awasthi) Kurok. = Heterodermia chondroidea
ciliaris (L.) Körber = misidentification for North America
comosa (Eschw.) A. Massal. North American records = Heterodermia galactophylla
corallophora (Taylor) Lynge = Heterodermia crocea (for North American records)
dendritica (Pers.) Vainio = Heterodermia dendritica
diademata (Taylor) Kurok. = Heterodermia diademata
domingensis (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia albicans
echinata (Taylor) Kurok. = Heterodermia echinata
erinacea (Ach.) Trevisan = Heterodermia erinacea
galactophylla (Tuck.) Trevisan = Heterodermia galactophylla
granulifera (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia granulifera
heterochroa Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia hypoleuca
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. var. colorata Zahlbr. = Heterodermia obscurata
isidiza
Kurok. (Yoshimura & Sharp 1973) = A. isidiata Tomin, but a
misidentification for North America (Esslinger 2007)
kaspica Gyelnik = A. setifera, but North American reports are A. crinalis
leucomela (L.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia leucomela
"leucomelaena" auct. = Heterodermia leucomela
major (Nyl.) Vainio = misidentification for North America
neoleucomelaena Kurok. = Heterodermia boryi
obscurata (Nyl.) Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
"palmatula" auct. = A. palmulata
pseudospeciosa Kurok. = Heterodermia pseudospeciosa
pseudospeciosa Kurok. var. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Kurok. = Heterodermia
speciosa
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Heterodermia albicans
setifera
Räsänen North American reports are A.
crinalis
sorediifera (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz & Lynge = Heterodermia obscurata
speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal. = Heterodermia speciosa
squamulosa Degel. = Heterodermia squamulosa
stippaea (Ach.) Nádv. = A. bryorum
tropica Kurok. = Heterodermia tropica
wrightii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. North American
report (Tuckerman 1882) is Heterodermia diademata (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
ANDREIOMYCES Hodkinson & Lendemer (Hodkinson & Lendemer
2013)
morozianus (Lendemer) Hodkinson
& Lendemer Syn.: Lepraria morozianus
ANEMA Nyl. ex Forssell
progidulum (Nyl.) Henssen (Schultz 2002a)
dodgei
Herre = Heppia despreauxii (Schultz 2007b)
jenisejensis H. Magn. = misidentification for North America
ANISOMERIDIUM (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy
albisedum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis albiseda
ambiguum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia ambigua, Ditremis
ambigua
anisolobum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot Syns.: Arthopyrenia anisoloba,
Ditremis anisoloba
aureopunctatum R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis macrospora R. C.
Harris non Makhija & Patwardhan (Harris 1995a)
biforme (Borrer) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia biformis, A.
parvula, A. conformis auct. N. Am., Ditremis biformis, Trimmatothele
umbellulariae
biformoides R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
carinthiacum (J. Steiner) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
carinthiaca, A. dimidiata, Ditremis carinthiaca
distans (Willey) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia distans,
Ditremis distans
excaecariae (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syns.: A. sanfordense,
Arthopyrenia sanfordensis, Ditremis sanfordensis (Harris 1995a)
finkii (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis finkii
(Harris 1995a)
griffinii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
leucochlorum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
leucochlora, Ditremis leucochlora
[Ditremis macrospora R. C. Harris]
phaeospermum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr Syns.: Ditremis
nyssigena, Arthopyrenia willeyana (Barr et al. 1996)
quadricoccum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a, Aptroot 1997)
quaternarium (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis
quaternaria (Harris 1995a)
subnexum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris (Lücking et al. 2011b)
subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
subprostans, Ditremis subprostans, Pyrenula subprostans.
tamarindi (Fée) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tamarindi.
terminatum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Ditremis terminata,
Pleurotrema anacardii, Arthopyrenia anacardii (Harris 1995a)
tuckerae R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tuckerae.
feeanum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = A. anisolobum
juistense (Erichsen) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
nyssigenum (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
sanfordense (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium excaecariae
willeyanum (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
ANOMALOBARIA B. Moncada & Lücking
(Moncada et al. 2013) = LOBARIA (McCune et al. 2014b; Miądlikowska et al.
2014a)
anomala (Brodo & Ahti) B. Moncada & Lücking = Lobaria anomala (McCune
et al. 2014b)
anthraspis (Ach.) B. Moncada & Lücking = Lobaria anthraspis (McCune et al.
2014b)
ANOMOMORPHA Nyl.
turbulenta (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Graphis turbulenta (Staiger 2002)
ANTHRACOTHECIUM Hampe ex A. Massal.
australiense (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot
(Aptroot 2012) Syns. : Parmentaria
nana, Pleurotheliopsis australiensis, P. nana
pachycheilum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Pyrenula pachycheila (Tuckerman 1872)
prasinum (Eschw.) R. C. Harris
canellae-albae
(Fée) Müll. Arg. = Sulcopyrenula canellae-albae
corticatum Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula confinis
falsarium Zahlbr. = Pyrenula schiffneri
leucostomum (Ach.) Malme = Pyrenula leucostoma
libricola (Fée) Müll. Arg. = probable misidentification for North American
maculare Zahlbr. = Pyrenula breutelii
mucosum (Vainio) Zahlbr. = probable misidentification for North American
nanum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris =
A. australiense
ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula ochraceoflavens
ochraceoflavum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula ochraceoflava
pauciloculare Herre = identity uncertain
pyrenuloides (Mont.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula pyrenuloides
staurosporum (Tuck. ex
Willey) Zahlbr. = Sulcopyrenula staurospora
subglobosum Riddle = Sulcopyrenula
subglobosa
thelomorphum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula thelomorpha
varians R. C. Harris = Pyrenula
novemseptata
ANZIA Stizenb.
americana Yoshim. & Sharp
colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb.
Syns.: Parmelia colpodes, P.
cristulata
ornata (Zahlbr.) Asahina
ANZINA Scheid.
carneonivea (Anzi) Scheid. (Goward
et al. 1996)
carneonivea var. tetraspora Scheid. (Spribille et al. 2010)
APATOPLACA Poelt & Hafellner = CALOPLACA
oblongula (H. Magn.) Poelt & Hafellner = Caloplaca oblongula
ARCTOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & A. Thell
andrejevii (Oxner) Kärnefelt & A. Thell Syn.: Cetraria
andrejevii, C. simmonsii
nigricascens (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell Syn.: Cetraria
nigricascens, C. elenkinii, C. sibirica
ARCTOMIA Th. Fr.
delicatula Th. Fr.
delicatula var. acutior (Nyl.) Henssen (McCune et al. 2020)
interfixa (Nyl.) Vainio
ARCTOPARMELIA Hale
centrifuga (L.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia centrifuga, P. aleuritica,
Parmelia halseyana, Xanthoparmelia centrifuga
incurva (Pers.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia incurva, Xanthoparmelia
incurva
separata (Th. Fr.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia separata, P. birulae
var. grumosa, Xanthoparmelia separata
subcentrifuga (Oxner) Hale Syns.: Parmelia subcentrifuga,
Xanthoparmelia subcentrifuga
aleuritica (Nyl.) Hale = A. centrifuga
ARCTOPELTIS Poelt
thuleana Poelt
ARRHENIA Fr.
*peltigerina (Peck) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syn.: Omphalina peltigerina (Redhead et al. 2002)
ARTHONIA Ach.
*acanthotheciicola Ertz & Common
(Diederich et al. 2019)
*agelastica R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2016c)
albofuscescens Tuck.
+albopulverea Nyl. (Grube 2007)
albovirescens Nyl. Syn.:
Arthothelium albovirescens
aleuromela Nyl.
*almquistii Vainio (Zhurbenko 2013)
anglica Coppins (Hodkinson et al.
2009, Lendemer et al. 2009c)
*anjutii S. Y. Kondr. & Alstrup (Kondratyuk 1996)
antillarum (Fée) Nyl. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
apatetica (A. Massal.) Th. Fr.
arthonioides (Ach.) A. L. Sm.
asteriscus Müll. Arg.
atomaria (Lynge) R. Kilias
atra (Pers.) A. Schneider (Ertz et al. 2009) Syn.: Opegrapha atra
atrata (Fée) Müll. Arg.
+beccariana (Bagl.)
Stizenb. (Grube 2007)
*biatoricola Ihlen & Owe-Larsson
(Ihlen et al. 2004b)
calcarea (Turner ex Sm.) Ertz &
Diederich (Ertz et al. 2009) Syn.: Opegrapha calcarea
caribea (Ach.) A. Massal.
cinereopruinosa Schaerer
cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr.
*circinata Th. Fr. (Villella &
Sheehy 2015)
*clemens (Tul.) Th. Fr.
*colombiana Etayo (Lendemer &
Harris 2012)
compensata Nyl. (Hansen & Dute
2005)
compensatula Nyl. (Seavey &
Seavey 2012)
complanata Fée
conferta (Fée) Nyl.
*coronata Etayo (Lendemer &
Harris 2012)
cupressina Tuck.
cyrtodes Nyl. (Lendemer et al.
2009c)
+cytisi A. Massal.
dictyospora (Coppins & P. James)
McCune (McCune 2017)
didyma Körber
diffusa Nyl.
diffusella Fink
*digitatae Hafellner (Knudsen &
Lendemer 2007)
*diploiciae Calat. & Diederich (Grube
2007, Lendemer et al. 2009b)
dispersula Nyl.
eckfeldtii Müll. Arg.
*epicladonia (Nyl.) Alstrup & Zhurb.
(Zhurbenko & Alstrup 2004)
*epimela (Almq.) I. M. Lamb (Goward et al. 1996)
*epiphyscia Nyl.
erubescens Willey
erupta Nyl.
excedens Nyl.
*excentrica Th. Fr. (Hafellner et al. 2002)
exilis (Flörke) Anzi
*farinacea (H. Olivier) R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
fissurinea Nyl.
floridana Willey
fuliginosa (Schaerer) Flotow
*fuscopurpurea (Tul.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*gelidae R. Sant. (Spribille et al.
2010)
gerhardii Egea & Torrente (Grube
2007)
+glaucella Nyl. (Grube
2007)
glebosa Tuck.
granosa B. de Lesd.
gutberletiana Lendemer & D. Ray
(Lendemer & Ray 2017)
gyalectoides Müll. Arg.
hamamelidis Nyl.
helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. (Harris 1977)
+hypobela
(Nyl.) Zahlbr.
hypochniza Nyl. (Seavey et al. 2017)
ilicina Taylor Syn.:
Arthothelium ilicinum
impallens Nyl.
incarnata Th. Fr. ex Almq.
infectans Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
interveniens Nyl. Syn.: Arthothelium interveniens (Lücking et al. 2011b)
*intexta Almq.
kermesina R. C. Harris, E. Tripp
& Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2013)
lapidicola (Taylor) Branth & Rostrup
lecanactidea Zahlbr.
*lecanorina (Almq.) Grube (Grube
2007)
*lepidophila (Anzi) Clauzade, Diederich
& Cl. Roux (Spribille et al. 2020)
*lethariicola Alstrup & M. S. Cole (Alstrup & Cole
1998)
leucastraea Tuck.
ligniaria
Hellb. (Spribille et al. 2020)
ligniariella Coppins (Spribille &
Björk 2008)
luridoalba Nyl.
macrotheca Fée (Lücking et al. 2011b) Syn.: Arthothelium macrothecum
madreana Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
mediella Nyl.
mesoleuca Nyl. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
microsperma Nyl. (Seavey et al.
2017)
microspermella Willey
mirabilis Grube (Lücking et al. 2011b)
*molendoi (Heufl. ex Frauenf.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole
1998; Hafellner et al. 2002)
neoni B. de Lesd.
*nephromiaria (Nyl. ex Arn.) Sacc.
norvegica (Coppins & Tønsberg)
McCune (McCune 2017)
ochrocincta Willey
ochrodiscodes Nyl.
ochrolutea Nyl.
ochrospila Nyl. (Seavey & Seavey
2012)
oxytera Nyl. (Fink 1935, Esslinger &
Tucker 2009)
palmulacea (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
patellulata Nyl.
*peltigerea Th. Fr. (Hafellner et al. 2002)
*peltigerina (Almq.) H. Olivier
perminuta Willey
phaeobaea (Norman) Norman
*phaeophysciae Grube & Matzer (Hafellner et al. 2002)
phlyctiformis Nyl. subsp. californica Grube (Grube 2007)
platygraphidea Nyl.
platyspilea Nyl.
*polydactylonis
Diederich & Ertz (Diederich et al. 2018)
polygramma Nyl.
polymorpha Ach.
*protoparmeliopseos Etayo &
Diederich (Kocourková & Knudsen 2015)
+pruinascens (Zahlbr.) Grube
(Grube 2007) Syn.: Arthothelium pruinascens
+pruinosella Nyl. (Grube 2007)
pruinosula Nyl.
pseudostromatica F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
pyrrhuliza Nyl.
+quintaria Nyl.
radiata (Pers.) Ach.
ravenelii Tuck.
reniformis (Pers.) Ach.
+rhoidis Zahlbr. (Grube 2007)
rubella (Fée) Nyl.
rubrocincta G. Merr. ex Grube &
Lendemer (Grube & Lendemer 2009)
rupicola Fink
samdykeana Lendemer & D. Ray
(Lendemer & Ray 2017)
+sanguinea Willey (Grube
2007) Syn.: Arthothelium sanguineum
septiseptella Nyl. (Fink 1935,
Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
+sexlocularis Zahlbr. (Grube 2007)
siderea Degel.
simplicascens Nyl. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
spadicea Leighton
speciosa (Müll. Arg.) Grube (Grube
2007)
stellaris Kremp.
*stereocaulina (Ohlert) R. Sant. (Zhurbenko
2010)
*stevensoniana R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2016c)
+subastroidea Anzi (McMullin et al. 2017)
subastroidella Nyl.
subdiffusa Willey
+subdispuncta Nyl.
*subfuscicola (Lindsay) Triebel
*subgraphidicola
Ertz, Common & Diederich (Diederich et al. 2019)
subminutissima Nyl.
subminutula Nyl.
subrubella Nyl.
susa R. C. Harris &
Lendemer Syn.: Arthothelium taediosum
auct. N.A. (Lendemer et al. 2013)
taedescens Nyl.
*tavaresii Grube & Hafellner
(Seavey et al. 2017)
terrigena Nyl.
+tetramera (Stizenb.) Hasse (Grube 2007)
*thelotrematis
Coppins (Spribille et al. 2020)
torulosa Fée
varia (Ach.) Nyl.
*varians (Davies) Nyl. Syn.: Celidium varians (Hawksworth
2003)
vernans Willey
vinosa Leighton
viridicans Willey
*xanthoparmeliarum Etayo (Kocourková
2009)
xylographica Nyl.
alba Müll. Arg. = a Stirtonia sp.
aspersa Leighton = A. arthonioides
atractospora Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atractospora
biseptata
Degel. = Mycoporum biseptatum (Lendemer & Harris 2014c)
byssacea
(Weigel) Almq. = Inoderma byssaceum (Weigel) Gray (Frisch et al. 2015)
caesia (Flotow) Körber =
Chrysothrix caesia
carneorufa Willey = Catillaria erysiboides
+caudata Willey = Arthonia hypobela
(McMullin 2018)
*ceracea Etayo &
Breuss (Etayo & Breuss 1998) = A. polydactylonis (Diederich et al. 2018)
chiodectella
Nyl. = Pachnolepia pruinata (Grube 2007)
convexella Nyl. = a non-lichenized fungus (Mycoporum sp.?)
+dispersa (Schrader) Nyl. = Naevia
dispersa (Thiyagaraja et al. 2020)
epipastoides
auct. N.A. non Nyl.
= A.
glaucella (Grube 2007)
fusca (A. Massal.) Hepp = A. lapidicola
galactitella Nyl. = A. glaucella (Grube 2007)
glaucescens Nyl. = Schismatomma glaucescens
glaucomaria (Nyl.) Nyl. = A. varians (Hawksworth 2003)
gregaria (Weigel) Körber = A. cinnabarina
gregarina Willey = Coniarthonia gregarina
*hodgesii Lendemer & R. C. Harris (Lendemer et al. 2016c) = Synarthonia
hodgesii
impolita
(Hoffm.) Borrer = Pachnolepia pruinata
lecideella
Nyl. ex Willey = Chrysothrix caesia (Lendemer 2008)
leucodontis (Poelt & Döbb.) Coppins = Bryostigma muscigena
leucopellaea
(Ach.) Almq. = Felipes leucopellaeus (Frisch et al. 2014)
*linitae
R. Sant. (Esslinger & Egan 1995) = Plectocarpon linitae
lurida Ach. nom. rej. = A. spadicea
macounii G. Merr. (Kocourková et al. 2008) = Arthothelium
macounii
melaspora Tuck. = Sporostigma melaspora
(Grube 2001)
montagnei (Tuck.) R. C. Harris = uncertain species of Cryptothecia? (Lücking et
al. 2011b)
muscigena
Th. Fr. = Bryostigma muscigena
+pinastri Anzi = Naevia pinastri
(Thiyagaraja et al. 2020)
pruinata (Pers.) Steud. ex A. L.
Sm. (Grube 2007) = Pachnolepia pruinata (Frisch et al. 2014)
+punctiformis Ach. = Naevia punctiformis
(Thiyagaraja et al. 2020)
pyrrhula Nyl. = Coniarthonia pyrrhula
redingeri
Grube Erroneously listed here; reported
only from Mexico (Grube 2007)
ruana A.
Massal. = Arthothelium ruanum
spectabilis Flotow = Arthothelium spectabile
+stictella
Stizenb. = A. albopulverea (Grube 2007)
taediosa Nyl. North American reports are Arthonia susa
(Lendemer et al. 2013)
tremelloides
Etayo Erroneously listed here; reported
only from Mexico (Grube 2007)
tuckermaniana
Willey = Coniocarpon tuckermanianum (Van den Broeck et al. 2018)
tumidula
(Ach.) Ach. = A. cinnabarina
verrucosa
Egea & Torrente Erroneously listed
here; reported only from Mexico (Grube 2007)
willeyi Tuck. = A. diffusa (Lendemer 2004a)
ARTHOPHACOPSIS Hafellner
*parmeliarum Hafellner (Diederich 2003, Zhurbenko &
Laursen 2003)
ARTHOPYRENIA A. Massal.
+analepta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Harris 1995a, Aptroot
2002a) Syn.: Polyblastiopsis fallax
betulicola R. C. Harris, E. Tripp
& Lendemer (Harris et al. 2014)
cerasi (Schrader) A. Massal.
cinereopruinosa (Schaerer) A. Massal.
degelii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
esenbeckiana (Fée) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
exasperata R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
minor R. C. Harris
oblongens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
+plumbaria (Stizenb. ex Hasse) R. C. Harris Syns.:
Porina plumbaria, Pyrenula herrei
rappii Zahlbr.
+subcerasi (Vainio)
Zahlbr. (Spribille et al. 2010)
taxodii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
*texensis (Cooke) D. Hawksw.
affinis (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris = Strigula affinis North American records are
S. jamesii
alba (Schrader) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
ambigua Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium ambiguum
anacardii Vainio = Anisomeridium terminatum
analeptella (Nyl.) Arnold = misidentification for North America
anisoloba Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium anisoloba
antecellens (Nyl.) Arnold = Mycoporum antecellens
atomarioides Müll. Arg. = Naetrocymbe atomarioides
atractospora Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atractospora
bifera Zahlbr. = A. malaccitula
biformis (Borrer) A. Massal. = Anisomeridium biforme
bryospila (Nyl.) Arnold = Collemopsidium bryospilum
carinthiaca J. Steiner = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris = Acrocordia cavata
cinchonae
(Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Constrictolumina cinchonae
confluens
R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) = Constrictolumina leucostoma
conformis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = misidentification for North America, mostly
Anisomeridium biforme
conoidea (Fr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia conoidea
dimidiata Fink = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
distans (Willey) Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium distans
epidermidis (DC.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis
faginea (Schaerer) Swinscow = Strigula stigmatella
fallax (Nyl.) Arnold = A. analepta
finkii Zahlbr. = Acrocordia megalospora
floridana Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atomarioides
fraxini A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe fraxini
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. = Acrocordia gemmata
halodytes (Nyl.) Arnold = Collemopsidium halodytes
hyalospora (Nyl.) Fink = Lithothelium hyalosporum
lapponina Anzi = A. analepta
leucochlora Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium leucochlorum
litoralis (Leighton) Arnold (Fink 1935) = Collemopsidium sublitorale (Santesson
et al. 2004)
lyrata
R. C. Harris = Constrictolumina lyrata
macrocarpa (Körber) Zahlbr. = misidentification for North America
macrospora Fink = Acrocordia megalospora
majuscula
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Constrictolumina majuscula
malaccitula
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Constrictolumina malaccitula
megalospora Lonnr. = Naetrocymbe megalospora
mycoporoides Müll. Arg. = Mycoporum mycoporoides
padi Rabenh. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis
parvula Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium biforme
pinicola (Hepp) A. Massal. = A. cinereopruinosa
planorbis
(Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Constrictolumina planorbis
prospersella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenocollema prospersella
punctiformis (Pers.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis
quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Polymeridium quinqueseptatum
rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Aptroot 2002a) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta
salicis A. Massal. = Identity uncertain (Harris 1995a)
sanfordensis Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium excaecariae
sphaeroides (Wallr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
sublitoralis (Leighton) Arnold = Collemopsidium sublitoralis
submuriformis R. C. Harris = Strigula submuriformis
subprostans (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium subprostans
subpunctiformis Nyl. = A. atomarioides
tenuis R. C. Harris = Strigula americana
tichothecioides Arnold = Pyrenocollema tichothecioides
willeyana R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium polypori
ARTHOTHELIOPSIS Vainio
floridensis Lücking & W. R. Buck
(Lücking et al. 2007)
planicarpa (Lücking) Lücking, Sérus.
& Vězda (Lücking et al. 2007) A
tentative report.
ARTHOTHELIUM A. Massal.
abnorme (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
adveniens Nyl.
anastomosans (Ach.) Arnold
distendens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
macounii (G. Merr.) W. Noble
Syn.: Arthonia macounii
norvegicum Coppins & Tønsberg
(Tønsberg & Williams 2006)
orbilliferum (Almq.) Hasse
ruanum (A. Massal.) Körber Syn.: Arthonia ruana
spectabile (Flotow) A. Massal. Syn.: Arthonia spectabilis
subcyrtodes (Willey) Hasse
violascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
albovirescens
(Nyl.) Fink = Arthonia albovirescens
gregarinum (Willey) Zahlbr. = Coniarthonia gregarina
ilicinum (Taylor) P. James = Arthonia ilicina
interveniens
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Arthonia interveniens
lichenale (Peck) M. E. Barr (Barr et al. 1986) = Mycoporum compositum (Lendemer
& Harris 2016)
macrothecum (Fée) A. Massal. = Arthonia macrothecum
+pruinascens
Zahlbr. = Arthonia pruinascens (Grube 2007)
ruanideum (Nyl.) Arnold = A. ruanum
+sanguineum
(Willey) Zahlbr. = Arthonia sanguinea (Grube 2007)
taediosum
(Nyl.) Müll. Arg. North American
reports are Arthonia susa (Lendemer et al. 2013)
ARTHRORHAPHIS Th. Fr.
*aeruginosa R. Sant. & Tønsberg
#alpina (Schaerer) R. Sant. Syn.: Bacidia alpina
#citrinella (Ach.) Poelt Syns.: Bacidia citrinella,
B. flavovirescens, Lecidea flavovirescens
#grisea Th. Fr. Syn.:
Lahmia fueistingii
*muddii Obermayer (Spribille et al.
2020)
ARTHROSPORUM A. Massal. = TONINIA (Kistenich et al. 2018)
accline (Flotow) A. Massal. = Toninia populorum
populorum A. Massal. =
Toninia populorum
ASAHINEA W. L. Culb. & C. F.
Culb.
chrysantha (Tuck.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Syns.: Cetraria
chrysantha, Platysma septentrionale
scholanderi (Llano) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Syn.:
Cetraria scholanderi
ASPICILIA A. Massal.
albomarginata B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora albomarginata
albonota McCune & J. Di Meglio
(McCune & Di Meglio 2021)
alboradiata (H. Magn.) Oxner Syn.: Lecanora alboradiata
aliena (Zahlbr.) Oxner Syn.: Lecanora aliena
americana B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora americana
angelica Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
annulata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora annulata
anseris (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Synonym: Lecanora anseris
aquatica Körber Syn.: Lecanora aquatica
arctica (Lynge) Oxner Syn.: Lecanora arctica
arizonica Owe-Larsson & A.
Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007, Knudsen et al. 2008b)
aspera (Mereschk.) Tomin (McCune et al. 2014b)
aurantiaca Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin (Knudsen et al. 2008b)
berntii A. Nordin, Tibell & Owe-Larsson
Syn.: Lecanora mastoidea (Nordin
et al. 2008)
bicensis F. Anderson & Lendemer (Anderson & Lendemer 2016)
boykinii Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al.
2007)
brucei Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
caesiopruinosa (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora caesiopruinosa
californica Rosentr. (Rosentreter 1998)
californica var. gigantea McCune
& J. Di Meglio (McCune & Di Meglio 2021)
candida (Anzi) Hue Syn.: Lecanora candida
cinerea (L.) Körber Syn.: Lecanora cinerea
cingulata (Zahlbr.) Oxner Syn.: Lecanora cingulata
composita (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora composita
concinna (J. W. Thomson) J. W. Thomson (Thomson 1997)
confusa Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
contigua (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
cuprea Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007, Knudsen et al. 2008b)
curvabilis (Nyl.) Hue (Hansen 2006)
cyanescens Owe-Larsson & A.
Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
determinata (H. Magn.) N. S. Golubk.
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
diploschistiformis McCune & Di Meglio (McCune
& Di Meglio 2021)
disserpens (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora disserpens
dudinensis (H. Magn.) Oxner (McCune et
al. 2020)
elevata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora elevata
filiformis Rosentr. (Rosentreter 1998)
fimbriata (H. Magn.) Clauzade & Rondon Syn.: Lecanora
fimbriata
fumosa Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
glaucopsina (Nyl. ex Hasse) Hue (Knudsen 2005b, Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
grisea Arnold (Fryday 2001)
heteroplaca (Zahlbr.) Oxner Syn.: Lecanora heteroplaca
humboldtii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
karelica (H. Magn.) Oxner
knudsenii Owe-Larsson & A.
Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
laevata (Ach.) Arnold Syns.: Lecanora cinerea var. laevata, L.
laevata
laxula (H. Magn.) Brodo
lesleyana Darb. Syn.: Lecanora lesleyana
limitata (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora limitata
mansourii Sohrabi (McCune et al. 2014b)
mazarina (Wahlenb.) R. Sant.
narssaquensis (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syns.: Lecanora basaltica,
L. narssaquensis
nashii Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
nathorstii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
nikrapensis Darb. Syn.:
Lecanora nikrapensis
nordlandica (H. Magn.) Degel.
novae-semliae (Zahlbr.) Oxner
Syn.: Lecanora novae-semliae
olivaceobrunnea Owe-Larsson & A.
Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
olivaceopallida (H. Magn.) Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2013)
pacifica Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007, Knudsen et al.
2008b)
papilliformis McCune & J. Di Meglio (McCune & Di Meglio 2021)
peltastictoides (Hasse) K. Knudsen & Kocourk. (Knudsen &
Kocourková 2013) Syn.: Lecanora
peltastictoides
pergibbosa (H. Magn.) Räsänen
Syn.: Lecanora pergibbosa
perradiata (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Lecanora perradiata
pertusa (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora pertusa
phaea Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007, Knudsen et al. 2008b)
plicigera (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora plicigera
polychroma Anzi Syn.: Lecanora polychroma
praecrenata (Nyl. ex Hasse) Hue Syn.: Lecanora praecrenata (Owe-Larsson et
al. 2007, Knudsen et al. 2008b)
reptans (Looman) Wetmore Syn.: Lecanora reptans:
rolleana Hue Syn.: Lecanora rolleana
rosulata Körber Syn.: Lecanora rosulata
ryrkaipiae (H. Magn.) Oxner Syn.: Lecanora ryrkaipiae
santamonicae Owe-Larsson & A.
Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007, Knudsen et al. 2008b)
sipeana (H. Magn.) Owe-Larsson &
A. Nordin Syn.: Lecanora sipeana
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
sorediza (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
spicata McCune & J. Di Meglio
(McCune & Di Meglio 2021)
subcontinua McCune & J. Di Meglio (McCune & Di Meglio 2021)
sublapponica (Zahlbr.) Oxner Syn.: Lecanora sublapponica
submersa (Lamy) Hue
subplicigera (H. Magn.) Oxner
subradians (Nyl.) Hue Syns.: Lecanora stygioplaca, L.
subradiascens, L. subradians
substictica Owe-Larsson & A.
Nordin (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
supertegens Arnold Syn.: Lecanora supertegens
tenuis (H. Magn.) Owe-Larsson & A. Nordin Syn.: Lecanora tenuis (Owe-Larsson et al.
2007)
verrucigera Hue Syn.:
Lecanora verrucigera
wyomingensis McCune & J. Di Meglio
(McCune & Di Meglio 2021)
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia alphoplaca
alpina (Sommerf.) Arnold = Bellemerea alpina
bennettii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson = A. mashiginensis
caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.)
Arnold = Circinaria caesiocinerea
calcarea (L.) Körber =
Circinaria calcarea
cinereorufescens (Ach.) A. Massal. = Bellemerea cinereorufescens
contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. =
Circinaria contorta
desertorum
(Kremp.) Mereschk. North American
reports are Circinaria arida (Owe-Larsson et al. 2011)
diamarta (Ach.) Boistel = Bellemerea diamarta
excavata G. Thor & Timdal = Acarospora moenium
flavida (Hepp) Rehm = Eiglera flavida
fruticulosa
(Eversm.) Flagey = Circinaria rogeri for N.A. reports
gibbosa (Ach.) Körber = Circinaria gibbosa
hispida Mereschk. = Circinaria
hispida
intermutans (Nyl.) Arnold (McCune et al.
2014b) = Aspiciliella intermutans
lacustris (With.) Th. Fr. = Ionaspis lacustris
leprosescens (Sandst.) Hav. =
Circinaria leprosescens
mashiginensis (Zahlbr.) Oxner = Oxneriaria
mashiginensis
mastoidea (Lynge) J. W. Thomson = A. berntii (Nordin et al.
2008)
mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr.
(Wetmore 1967) = Sagedia mastrucata
melanaspis (Ach.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia melanaspis
melinodes Körber = Porpidia melinodes
moenium (Vainio) G. Thor &
Timdal = Acarospora moenium (Nordin et al. 2009)
myrinii (Fr.) Stein = Aspilidea myrinii
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
praeradiosa (Nyl.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia praeradiosa
quartzitica
W. A. Weber = Schaereria fuscocinerea
(Owe-Larsson et al. 2007)
radiosa (Hoffm.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia radiosa
rogeri
Sohrabi (Sohrabi et al. 2013b) = Circinaria rogeri
sanguinea Kremp. = Bellemerea sanguinea
simoënsis Räsänen (Owe-Larsson et al. 2007) = Sagedia simoënsis
stygioplaca (Nyl.) Hue = A. subradians
subradiascens (Nyl.) Hue = A. subradians
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. = Bellemerea subsorediza
uxoris (Werner) V. J. Rico (Shrestha & St. Clair 2009) North American report = Teuvoa junipericola
(Sohrabi et al. 2013a)
ASPICILIELLA M. Choisy
intermutans (Nyl.) M. Choisy Syn.: Aspicilia intermutans (Zakeri et al.
2017)
ASPIDOTHELIUM Vainio (Nelsen et al. 2017)
cinerascens Vainio (Lücking et al. 2011b) Syn.:
Thelenella cinerascens
fugiens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
Syn.: Thelenella fugiens (Nelsen
et al. 2017)
geminiparum (Malme) R. Sant.
(Lücking et al. 2011b) Syn.: Thelenella geminipara
scutellicarpum Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
ASPILIDEA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
myrinii (Fr.) Hafellner
ASTEROPHOMA D. Hawksw.
*mazaediicola D. Hawksw.
ASTEROTHYRIUM Müll. Arg.
decipiens (Rehm) R. Sant.
leucophthalmum (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
rotuliforme (Mull. Arg.) Sérus. Syns.: Gyalectidium
rotuliforme, Lopadiopsis floridana
ASTROTHELIUM Eschw.
aeneum (Eschw.) Aptroot &
Lücking Syn.: Trypethelium aeneum
(Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
cinnamomeum (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
crassum (Fée) Aptroot (Aptroot &
Lücking 2016)
diplocarpoides Müll. Arg. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
diplocarpum Nyl.
(Harris 1995a)
feei (C. F. W. Meissn.) Aptroot
& Lücking (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
floridanum Zahlbr.
macrocarpum (Fée) Aptroot &
Lücking (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
marcidum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking
Syn.: Trypethelium marcidum (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
megaspermum (Mont.) Aptroot &
Lücking Syns.: Campylothecium nitidum,
Clathroporina diphloea, Laurera megasperma (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
nitidiusculum (Nyl.) Aptroot &
Lücking Syn.: Trypethlium nitidiuscula
(Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
phlyctaena (Fée) Aptroot &
Lücking Syns.: Trypethelium ochroleucum,
T. pallescens (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
porosum (Ach.) Aptroot &
Lücking Syn.: Trypethelium
porosum(Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
scoria (Fée) Aptroot &
Lücking Syn.: Trypethelium scoria
(Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
subdisjunctum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot
& Lücking Syn.: Laurera subdisjuncta
(Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
variolosum (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
Syn.: Trypethlium variolosum (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
versicolor Müll. Arg.
confusum Müll. Arg. = A. crassum
(Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
conicum auct. = A. cinnamomeum
conicum Eschw. = (?) type not found
galbineum
Kremp. = A. macrocarpum (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
ochrothelizum Müll. Arg. = A. macrocarpum (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
ATHALLIA Arup, Frödén & Søchting (Arup
et al. 2013)
cerinelloides (Erichsen) Arup,
Frödén & Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca cerinelloides
holocarpa (Hoffm.) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca holocarpa
pyracea (Ach.) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syns.: Caloplaca pyracea,
Placodium cerinum var. pyracea
saxifragarum (Poelt) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca
saxifragarum
scopularis (Nyl.) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca scopularis
vitellinula (Nyl.) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca
vitellinula
ATHELIA Pers.
*arachnoidea (Berk.) Jülich (Haffelner et al. 2002)
*epiphylla Pers.
poeltii Jülich
ATLA Savić & Tibell
alaskana S. Tibell & Tibell
(Tibell & Tibell 2015)
recondita
Savić (Spribille et al. 2020)
ATROPHYSMA T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2020)
cyanomelanos T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2020)
AULAXINA Fée
microphana (Vainio) R. Sant.
quadrangula (Stirton) R. Sant.
Return
To Introduction or go to: A B
C D E
F G H
I J K
L M N
O P R
S T U
V W X
Z References Cited
BACHMANNIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
*punctum (A. Massal.) Diederich &
Pino-Bodas Syn.: Phaeopyxis punctum
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*uncialicola
(Zopf) D. Hawksw. = B. punctum (Diederich et al. 2018)
BACIDIA De Not.
absistens (Nyl.) Arnold
aggregatula Malme
alnetorum
(S. Ekman & Tønsberg) S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Biatora alnetorum (Kondratyuk et al. 2019, Spribille et al. 2020)
arceutina (Ach.) Arnold Syn.: Biatora effusa var. arceutina,
Lecidea luteola var. arceutina
[Bilimbia artyta (Ach.) Fink]
auerswaldii (Hepp ex Stizenb.) Mig.
austinii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (“augustinii”)
Syn.: Biatora austinii; misplaced here, correct placement uncertain (Ekman
1996)
bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta Syn.: Biatora
muscorum
biatorina (Körber) Vainio
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.
campalea (Tuck.) S. Ekman & Kalb
coprodes (Körber) Lettau (Llop &
Ekman 2004) Syns.: Bilimbia coprodes, Biatora trachona auct., Bilimbia trachona
auct.
coruscans S. Ekman (Ekman 2004a)
diffracta S. Ekman
depriestiana Lendemer & Keepers (Lendemer & Keepers 2021)
eckfeldtii (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Patellaria eckfeldtii (Lendemer & Hewitt
2002)
ekmaniana R. C. Harris, Lendemer
& Ladd (Lendemer et al. 2016b)
flavens (Willey) Zahlbr. Syn.: Biatora flavens = a species of
Lecania (Ekman 1996)
friesiana (Hepp) Körber
gigantensis Lendemer, McCune & McMullin (McMullin et al. 2020)
granosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syns.: Bilimbia granosa, Bilimbia pammellii
(Ekman 2014)
gullahgeechee Lendemer (Lendemer
2018)
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio
helicospora S. Ekman
herbarum (Stizenb.) Arnold
heterochroa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
hostheleoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Syns.: Biatora caloosensis
idahoensis H. Magn. (McCune et al. 2014b)
igniarii (Nyl.) Oxner
illudens (Nyl.) Lynge
insularis Zahlbr.
jacobi (Tuck.) Hasse Syn.: Biatora jacobi = misplaced here,
correct placement uncertain (Ekman 1996, 2004a)
kekesiana R. C. Harris (Harris 2009)
kingmanii Hasse = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. Syn.: Biatora atrogrisea
lobarica Printzen & Tønsberg
(Printzen & Tønsberg 2007)
mutabilis Malme
*peltigericola Vainio (Weber &
Wittman 2000)
phyllopsoropsis R. C. Harris & Lendemer (Harris & Lendemer 2006)
polychroa (Th. Fr.) Körber
Syns.: Biatora fuscorubella, Lecidea spadicea
purpurans R. C. Harris, Lendemer
& Ladd (Lendemer et al. 2016b)
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
Syn.: Bilimbia ravenelii Correct
placement uncertain (Ekman 1996)
reagens Malme
rosellizans S. Ekman (Ekman 2009)
rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal. Syn.: Biatora rubella
rubidofusca (Willey) Zahlbr.
Syn.: Bilimbia rubidofusca
Possibly a species of Gyalidea (Printzen 1995)
russeola (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
salmonea S. Ekman
saxicola Looman = misplaced, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
schweinitzii (Fr. ex Tuck.) A. Schneider Syns.: Biatora
leucampyx (Lendemer & Harris 2012), B. schweinitzii, Patellaria granulosa
Michaux non (Hoffm.) DC.
scopulicola (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.
sorediata Lendemer & R. C.
Harris (Lendemer et al. 2016b)
subgranulosa (Tuck.) Riddle
Erroneously listed as a synonym of Phyllopsora canoumbrina in the
checklist; possibly belongs to Psorella (Ekman 1996)
subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold
suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneider
Syn.: Biatora suffusa
thiersiana Lendemer (Lendemer 2020a)
veneta S. Ekman (Ekman 2004a)
viridifarinosa Coppins & P. James (Tønsberg 1997)
abbrevians (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = B. igniarii
abductans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = B. schweinitzii
accedens (Arnold) Lettau = Bilimbia accedens
accedens sensu Harris = unnamed species (Ekman 1996)
acclinis (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Toninia populorum
affinis (Stizenb.) Vainio = B. subincompta
akompsa (Tuck.) Fink = a Lecanactis sp.
alaskensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Herteliana alaskensis
albescens (Kremp.) Zwackh = Bacidina phacodes
alpina (Schaerer) Vainio = Arthrorhaphis alpina
apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Bacidina apiahica
arnoldiana Körber = Bacidina arnoldiana
arthoniza (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lecidella stigmatea
assulata (Körber) Vězda = Bacidina assulata
atrogrisea (Delise ex Hepp) Körber = B. laurocerasi
aurantiaca Vězda = Fellhanera aurantiaca
bacillifera (Nyl.) Arnold = Scutula
circumspecta
beckhausii
Körber = Biatora beckhausii (Printzen 2014)
caloosensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. hostheleoides
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins = Mycobilimbia carneoalbida
chlorantha (Tuck.) Fink = Ropalospora chlorantha
chlorococca (Stenh.) Lettau = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum
chlorosticta (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Micarea chlorosticta
circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vainio) Malme = Scutula circumspecta (Kistenich et
al. 2018)
citrinella (Ach.) Branth & Rostrup = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
clementis Hasse = Bactrospora patellarioides (Ekman 1996)
cuprea (A. Massal.) Lettau = Lecania cuprea (Ekman 1996)
cupreorosella (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) A. Schneider = Lecania cuprea
declinis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Catillaria nigroclavata
dryina (Ach.) Fink = Bactrospora dryina
effusa auct. = Bacidina assulata
egenula (Nyl.) Arnold = Bacidina egenula
egenuloidea Fink = Bacidina egenuloidea
endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr. = Micarea endocyanea
endoleuca auct. = B. laurocerasi
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Lettau = Mycobilimbia epixanthoides
flavovirescens (Dickson) Anzi = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
floridana (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera floridana
fusca (A. Massal.) Du Rietz = Mycobilimbia tetramera
fuscorubella (Hoffm.) Bausch = B. polychroa
fuscorubella var. suffusa (Fr.)
Fink = B. suffusa
globulosa (Flörke) Hafellner & V. Wirth = Myrionora globulosa (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
gyalectiformis (Zahlbr.) Hasse = Ramonia gyalectiformis
gyalizella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Gyalecta gyalizella (Baloch et al. 2013a)
hegetschweileri auct. = Bibbya vermifera (Ekman 1996, Kistenich
et al. 2018)
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio = B. subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold (Ekman 1996)
hemipolia (Nyl.) Malme (Weber & Wittman
2000, Czarnota & Coppins 2007) = Myrionora hemipolia (Kondratyuk et al.
2019)
herrei Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
hypnophila (Turner ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = Bilimbia sabuletorum
incompta (Borrer ex Hooker) Anzi = misidentification for North America
intermedia (Hepp ex Stizenb.) Arnold = Bacidina assulata (Ekman 1996)
inundata (Fr.) Körber = Bacidina inundata
ioessa Herre = Thalloidima ioen
laurocerasi
subsp. idahoensis
(H. Magn.) S. Ekman = B. idahoensis
(McCune et al. 2014b)
leucophyllina
(Nyl.) Fink = misidentification for North
America
lignaria (Ach.) Lettau = Micarea lignaria
lugubris (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Ropalospora lugubris
luteola "(Ach.) Mudd" = B. rubella
meadii (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr. = Byssoloma meadii
medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) B. de Lesd. (Ekman 1996) = Bacidina
medialis
melaena (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Micarea melaena
microcarpa (Th. Fr.) Lettau =
Bilimbia microcarpa
microphyllina auct. = Phyllopsora santensis
microphyllina (Tuck.) Riddle = misidentification for North America
minuscula Anzi = B. beckhausii
molybditis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Bacidina medialis
muscorum (Sw.) Mudd = B. bagliettoana
naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr. = Lecaniella naegelii
nivalis Follmann = Stereocaulon nivale
obscurata (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia tetramera
pallens (Kullhem) Zahlbr. = Coppinsidea pallens (Kondratyuk
et al. 2019)
pammellii (Fink) Zahlbr. = Bacidia granosa
(Ekman 2014)
phacodes auct. N. Am. = Bacidina californica, in part
phacodes Körber (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidina phacodes
populorum (A. Massal.) Trevisan = Arthrosporum populorum
rosella
(Pers.) De Not. = B. rosellizans for North American reports
rubricosa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
sabuletorum (Schreber) Lettau = Bilimbia sabuletorum
sibiriensis
(Willey ex Rothr.) Zahlbr. = Lecania subfuscula (Ekman 1996)
spadicea (Ach.) Zahlbr. = B. suffusa (Ekman
1996)
sphaeroides (Dickson) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia pilularis
sphaeroides auct. non (Dickson) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia carneoalbida
stigmatella (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Lecania stigmatella
subfuscula (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Lecania subfuscula
subspadicella
Zahlbr. = B. polychroa (Ekman 1996)
tetramera (De Not.) Coppins =
Mycobilimbia tetramera
trachona
(Ach.) Lettau North American reports are
B. coprodes (Llop & Ekman 2004)
trisepta (Hellbom) Zahlbr. = Micarea peliocarpa
umbrina (Ach.) Bausch = Scoliciosporum umbrinum
verecundula (Th. Fr.) = misidentification for North America (Ekman 1996)
vermifera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (Ekman 1996) = Bibbya vermifera (Kistenich
et al. 2018)
BACIDINA Vězda
aenea S. Ekman
apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Vězda Syn.: Bacidia apiahica
arnoldiana (Körber) V. Wirth & Vězda Syn.: Bacidia
arnoldiana
assulata (Körber) S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia albescens, B.
assulata, B. effusa auct., B. intermedia
brandii
(Coppins & van den Boom) M. Hauck & V. Wirth (Spribille et al. 2020)
brittoniana (Riddle) LaGreca &
S. Ekman (Berger & LaGreca 2014)
californica S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia phacodes auct. N.A., B.
albescens auct. N.A.?
chloroticula (Nyl.) Vězda & Poelt (Ekman 1996)
circumpulla S. Ekman (Spribille et al. 2020)
contecta S. Ekman & T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2009)
crystallifera S. Ekman
delicata (Leighton) V. Wirth &
Vězda (Harris & Lendemer 2005)
egenula (Nyl.) Vězda Syn.: Bacidia egenula
egenuloidea (Fink) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia egenuloidea
inundata (Fr.) Vězda Syns.: Bacidia inundata, Biatora
inundata
lacerata
(Timdal) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.
Ekman Syn.: Phyllopsora lacerata
(Kistenich et al. 2018)
medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.
Ekman Syn.: Bacidia medialis, Biatora medialis, B. molybditis, Bilimbia
molybditis, Lecidea medialis (Kistenich et al. 2018)
neosquamulosa (Aptroot & van
Herk) S. Ekman (Ekman 2004b)
pallidocarnea (Müll. Arg.)
Vězda (Seavey & Seavey 2012)
phacodes (Körber) Vězda (Harris
& Ladd 2005) Syn.: Bacidia phacodes
saxenii
(Erichsen) M. Hauck & V. Wirth (Spribille et al. 2020)
squamellosa S. Ekman
sulphurella (Samp.) M. Hauck & V. Wirth (Spribille et al. 2020)
phacodes (Körber) Vězda = Bacidina californica, in part, for N.A. records
ramea S. Ekman = Mycobilimbia ramea (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
varia
S. Ekman = B. brittoniana
BACIDIOPSORA Kalb
orizabana (Vainio) Kalb (Seavey et al. 2017)
squamulosula (Nyl.) Kalb (Seavey et al. 2014)
BACTROSPORA A. Massal.
acicularis (C. W. Dodge) Egea & Torrente (Egea et al. 2004a)
brevispora R.C. Harris
brodoi Egea & Torrente
carolinensis (Ellis &
Everh.) R. C. Harris (Knudsen et al. 2011b)
cascadensis Ponzetti & McCune
(Ponzetti & McCune 2006)
denticulata (Vainio) Egea & Torrente
dryina (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Bacidia dryina
metabola
(Nyl.) Egea & Torrente (Joseph et al. 2021)
Syns.: Gyalecta lamprospora, Melampylidium macrosporum (Lendemer 2004a)
myriadea (Fée) Egea & Torrente
patellarioides (Nyl.) Almq. Syns.: Lecanactis patellarioides,
Lecidea patellarioides, Bacidia clementis
spiralis Egea & Torrente
integrispora Seaver = B. denticulata (Harris 1995a)
lamprospora (Nyl.)
Lendemer = B. metabola (Joseph et al.
2021)
macrospora R.C. Harris = B. lamprospora
mesospora
R.C. Harris = B. carolinensis
nematospora R.C. Harris = B. myriadea
BACULIFERA Marbach & Kalb
curtisii (Tuck.) Marbach Syns.: Buellia curtisii (Marbach
2000), Gyrostomum curtisii
imshaugiana (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia
imshaugiana (Marbach 2000)
micromera (Vainio) Marbach (Seavey
et al. 2017)
BAEOMYCES Pers.
carneus Flörke
placophyllus Ach.
rufus (Hudson) Rebent.
absolutus Tuck. = Dibaeis absoluta
aeruginosa (Scop.) DC. = Icmadophila ericetorum
byssoides (L.) Ach. (Claassen 1912) = B. rufus
fungoides (Sw.) Ach. North American reports are Dibaeis baeomyces
roseus Pers. = Dibaeis baeomyces
BAGLIETTOA A. Massal.
baldensis (A. Massal.) Vězda
(Breuss 2007a) Syn.: Verrucaria baldensis
calciseda (DC.) Gueidan & Cl.
Roux Syn.: Verrucaria calciseda (Knudsen &
Kocourková 2009b)
marmorea (Scop.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux Syn.: Verrucaria
marmorea (Yuzon et al. 2014)
rubrocincta (Breuss) Gueidan & Cl. Roux (Yuzon et al.
2014) Syn.: Verrucaria rubrocincta
BATHELIUM Ach. (Harris 1995a)
carolinianum (Tuck.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Trypethelium carolinianum
madreporiforme (Eschw.) Trevisan (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Laurera
madreporiformis
BELLEMEREA Hafellner & Cl. Roux
alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.: Lecanora
alpina, L. applegatei, Aspicilia alpina
cinereorufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.: Aspicilia
cinereorufescens, Lecanora cinereorufescens
diamarta (Ach.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux Syn.: Aspicilia
diamarta
sanguinea (Kremp.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux Syns.: Aspicilia
sanguinea, Lecanora sanguinea
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. Syns.: Lecidea subsorediza,
Aspicilia subsorediza
BELLEMERELLA Nav.-Ros. & Cl.
Roux
*ritae Pérez-Ortega & T. Sprib.
(Pérez-Ortega & Spribille 2007)
*trapeliae Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux (Lendemer
et al. 2013)
BELONIA Körber ex Nyl. =
GYALECTA (Baloch et al. 2013a)
americana Fink ex Hedr. = Robergea pupula, but excluded as a non-lichen
fennica Vainio = Gyalecta russula
russula
Körber ex Nyl. = Gyalecta russula
BIATORA Fr.
aegrefaciens Printzen (Printzen et al. 2002)
alaskana Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
1999)
appalachensis Printzen & Tønsberg
(Printzen & Tønsberg 2004)
aureolepra T. Sprib. & Tønsberg
(Spribille et al. 2009)
beckhausii (Körber) Tuck.
Syn.: Bacidia beckhausii (Printzen
2014)
caulophylla Tuck. Possibly belongs to Lecanora (Ryan &
Nash 1997a)
chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen in V. Wirth (Printzen 1995)
chrysanthoides Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen &
Tønsberg 2003)
cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr. Syns.: Bilimbia bacidioides, Lecidea
cuprea
efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea
efflorescens, L. epixanthoidiza
fallax Hepp (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
halei (Tuck.) S. Y. Kondr. Syns.: Pannaria halei, Phyllopsora halei
(Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
helvola Körber ex Hellbom
(Spribille et al. 2010) Syn.: Lecidea helvola
kalbii (Brako) S. Y. Kondr. Syn.: Phyllopsora kalbii (Kondratyuk et al.
2019)
kodiakensis Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2004)
longispora (Degel.) Lendemer & Printzen Syn.: Lecidea helvola var. longispora
(Lendemer 2004b ; Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
marmorea T. Sprib. (Spribille et al.
2020)
meiocarpa (Nyl.) Arnold Syns.: Lecidea meiocarpa, L. minuta
meiocarpa var. tacomensis (Printzen & Tønsberg) Printzen
& Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2004)
Syn.: Lecidea meiocarpa var. tacomensis
mendax Anzi (McMullin et al. 2017)
nobilis Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
oligocarpa Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2004)
pausiaca Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
2003)
pontica Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2003)
printzenii Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2002)
pycnidiata Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2004)
rufidula (Graewe) S. Ekman & Printzen (Printzen &
Tønsberg 1999)
sphaeroidiza (Vainio) Printzen &
Holien (Dillman et al. 2012)
subduplex (Nyl.) Printzen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea
subduplex, L.apochroeiza, L. internectens
terrae-novae Printzen & J. W.
McCarthy (Printzen et al. 2017)
toensbergii Holien & Printzen (Printzen & Tønsberg
1999)
troendelagica Holien & Printzen
(Tønsberg & Printzen 2018)
vernalis (L.) Fr. Syn.: Lecidea vernalis
akompsa Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Pentagenella akompsa (Perlmutter et al. 2020)
albohyalina
(Nyl.) Bagl. & Carestia = Mycobilimbia albohyalina (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
albidula Willey
(Tuckerman 1888) = Myrionora albidula (Kondratyuk
et al. 2019)
alnetorum S. Ekman & Tønsberg (Ekman & Tőnsberg 2019, Spribille et
al. 2020) = Bacidia alnetorum (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
amaurospoda Anzi = Frutidella furfuracea
anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner = Carbonicola anthracophila
artyta Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain, acc. to Zahlbruckner, not the
same as Lecidea artyta Ach.
atrogrisea Delise (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia laurocerasi
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Hepp = Catinaria atropurpurea
atrorufa (Dickson) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidoma demissum
austinii Tuck. (“augustinii,” Tuckerman
1888) =
Bacidia austinii
botryosa Fr. (Printzen 1995) = Hertelidea botryosa
calcivora (Schaerer) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Clauzadea immersa
caloosensis Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia hostheleoides
campestris Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Sarcosagium campestre
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins =
Mycobilimbia carneoalbida
carnulenta Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea carnulenta
chlorantha Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Ropalospora chlorantha
chlorosticta (Tuck.) Tuck) (Tuckerman 1888) = Micarea chlorosticta
cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Ramboldia cinnabarina
cladoniscum Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
coarctata (Turner) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Trapelia coarctata
coarctata var. brujeriana (Schaerer) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Ainoa mooreana
(but a misidentification for N.A. acc. to Brodo & Lendemer 2015)
crenata (Taylor) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Psora crenata
crenata f. dealbata Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Psora crenata
cupreorosella (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecania cuprea
cyphalea Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Strangospora cyphalea
cyrtella (Ach.) W. Mann = Lecania cyrtella
decipiens (Ehrh.) Fr. = Psora decipiens
declinis Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Catillaria nigroclavata
decolorans (Hoffm.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Trapeliopsis granulosa
denigrata Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Micarea denigrata
diapensiae (Th. Fr.) Arnold (Tuckerman 1888) = Bryobilimbia diapensiae
difformis (Fr.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Sarea difformis
dryina (Ach.) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bactrospora dryina
effusa Hepp (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidina assulata for N.A. records
effusa var. arceutina Ach. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia arceutina
ementiens
(Nyl.) Printzen (Printzen 2014) = Myrionora ementiens (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Diederich = Mycobilimbia epixanthoides
exigua (Chaub.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea varians for N.A. records
fendleri Mont. & Tuck (Tuckerman 1888) = Phyllopsora parvifolia
flavens Willey (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia flavens
flavidolivens Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea flavidolivens
flavopunctata (Tønsberg) Hinter. & Printzen = Myrionora
flavopunctata (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
floridana Tuck. = Fellhanera floridana
fossarum (Dufour) Mont. (Tuckerman 1888) =
Biatorella hemisphaerica for N.A. records
franciscana Tuck. = Lecania franciscana
friesii (Ach.) Tuck. = Xylopsora friesii
furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Malmidea furfurosa
furvonigrans Tuck. ex Willey =Lecidea furvonigrans
fuscorubella (Hoffm.) Tuck. = Bacidia polychroa
fuscescens (Sommerf.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecanora fuscescens
geophana (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Steinia geophana
glauconigrans Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Catillaria glauconigrans
globifera (Ach.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Psora globifera
globifera var. rubiformis (Wahlenb. Ex Ach.) Torss. (Tuckerman 1888) = Psora
rubiformis
globulosa (Flörke)
Fr. = Myrionora globulosa (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
granulosa (Hoffm.) Flotow (Tuckerman 1888) = Trapeliopsis granulosa
granulosa var. flexuosa (Fr.) Flotow (Tuckerman 1888) = Trapeliopsis flexuosa
griffithii (Sm.) Hepp (Tuckerman 1888) = Cliostomum griffithii
*heerii Hepp (Tuckerman 1888) = Scutula heerii
hemipolia
(Nyl.) S. Ekman & Printzen = Myrionora hemipolia (Printzen 2014, Kondratyuk
et al. 2019)
holopolia Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea holopolia
hypnophila (Turner ex Ach.) Lönnr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bilimbia sabuletorum
hypomela “Nyl.” (Mohr 1901) = Lecidea hypomela?
hypophaea Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999) = Ivanpisutia
hypophaea (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
icterica Mont. (Tuckerman 1888) = Psora icterica
incompta Hepp (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia incompta, an apparent
misidentification for N.A.
inundata Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidina inundata
ocelliformis
(Nyl.) Arnold (Printzen & Otte 2005) = Ivanpisutia occelliformis
(Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
jacobi Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia jacobi
laureri Hepp (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidella laureri
leucophaea Flörke ex Rabenh. (Tuckerman 1888) = Miriquidica leucophaea
leucophaea var. griseoatra (Hoffm.) Körber (Tuckerman 1888) = Miriquidica
subplumbea
ligni-mollis T. Sprib. & Printzen (Spribille et al. 2009) = Myrionora ligni-mollis
(Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
lucida (Ach.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Psilolechia lucida
lurida (Sw.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Romjularia lurida
luridella Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Psora
luridella
meadii Tuck. ex Willey = Byssoloma meadii
medialis (Tuck) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidina
medialis
melaena (Nyl.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Micarea melaena
micrococca Körber (Tuckerman 1888) = Micarea micrococca
milliaria (Fr.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Micarea lignaria
mixta Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Cliostomum griffithii
molybditis Tuck. = Bacidina medialis
moriformis (Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Strangospora moriformis
muscorum (Ach.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia bagliettoana
mutabilis (Fée) Mont. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea mutabilis
myriocarpella G. Merr. = Lecidea enalla (Printzen 1995)
myriocarpoides (Nyl.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea plebeja
naegelii Hepp. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecaniella naegelii
nylanderi Anzi (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea nylanderi
ostreata (Hoffm.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Hypocenomyce scalaris
ostreata var. cladonioides Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Carbonicola anthracophila
*oxyspora (Tul.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Nesolechia
oxyspora
paddensis Tuck. = Lecanora paddensis (McCune et al. 2014b)
pallens (Kullhem)
Printzen (Printzen & Otte 2005) = Coppinsidea pallens (Kondratyuk et al.
2019)
panaeola (Ach.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Amygdalaria panaeola
papillariae Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
parvifolia (Pers.) Tuck. = Phyllopsora parvifolia
parvifolia var. corallina Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Phyllopsora parvifolia
parvifolia var. subgranulosa Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Phyllopsora parvifolia
peliaspis Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea peliaspis
petri Tuck. = Romjularia lurida
porphyrospoda
Anzi = Myochroidea porphyrospoda
prasina (Fr.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Micaria prasina
punctella Willey (Tuckerman 1888) = Micarea rhabdogena
pullata Norman = Frutidella furfuracea
pullula Tuck. = Lecanora anopta
quernea (Dickson) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Pyrrhospora quernea
+resinae (Fr.) Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1888) = Sarea resinae
rivulosa (Ach.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Fuscidea cyathoides, but an apparent
misidentification for N.A.
rivulosa var. mollis (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Fuscida mollis
rubella (Hoffm.) Rabenh. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia rubella
rufofusca Anzi = Myochroidea rufofusca
rufonigra Tuck. = Psorula rufonigra
russula (Ach.) Mont. = Ramboldia russula
russellii Tuck. = Psora russellii
sanguineoatra (Wulfen) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bryobilimbia sanguineoatra, but
uncertain for N.A.
scotopholis Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Miriquidica scotopholis
schweinitzii Fr. ex Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia schweinitzii
scrupulosa Eckfeldt = Fuscidea scrupolosa
sibiriensis Willey ex Rothr. = Lecania subfuscula (Ekman 1996, Dillman et al.
2012)
sphaeroides (Dickson) Körber = Mycobilimbia pilularis
stenospora Hepp (Tuckerman 1888) =
Biatora beckhausii
stigmatella Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecania stigmatella
suffusa Fr. = Bacidia suffusa
tornoënsis (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Japewia tornoënsis
trachona (Ach.) Körber (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia trachona, but a
misidentification for N.A. (Llop & Ekman 2004)
tricholoma Mont. (Tuckerman 1888) =
Byssoloma tricholomum
turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. = Lecidea
turgidula
uliginosa (Schrader) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Placynthiella uliginosa
umbrina (Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum
vacciniicola (Tønsberg) Printzen (Printzen 1995) = Myrionora vacciniicola (Kondratyuk
et al. 2019)
varians (Ach.) Eschw. = Lecidea varians
verecundula (Th. Fr.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) =
Bacidia verecundula, but a misidentification for N.A. (Ekman 1996)
viridescens (Schrader) W. Mann = Trapeliopsis viridescens
viridescens var. gelatinosa (Flörke) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Trapeliopsis
gelatinosa
wallrothii (Flörke ex Sprengel) Körber (Tuckerman 1888) = Trapeliopsis
wallrothii, but a misidentificatrion for N.A.
BIATORELLA De Not.
camptocarpa (Tuck.) Fink (Tuckerman
1888, Fink 1935, Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
conspurcans Norman (Dillman et al.
2012)
contigua N. S. Golubk. & Piin (Zhurbenko et al. 2005)
floridensis H. Magn.
fossarum (Dufour) Th. Fr. (Morse & Lendemer 2019)
hemisphaerica Anzi
albidula (Willey) Zahlbr. = Myrionora albidula
campestris (Fr.) Almq. = Sarcosagium campestre
clauzadeana Llimona & Vězda = Acarospora clauzadeana
clavus (DC.) Th. Fr. = Sarcogyne clavus
conspersa (Fèe) Vainio = Piccolia conspersa
cyphalea
(Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Strangospora cyphalea (Morse & Lendemer 2019)
geophana (Nyl.) Rehm (Fink 1935) = Steinia geophana
hypophaea (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell = Sarcogyne hypophaea
kulshanensis Herre = Sporastatia testudinea (Ketzner 2010)
leucampyx Tuck. = Bacidia schweinitzii (Lendemer & Harris 2012)
microhaema Norman = Strangospora microhaema
moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Strangospora moriformis
nannaria
(Tuck.) Zahlbr. (Fink 1935) = Piccolia nannaria
ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold = Piccolia ochrophora
plicata (H. Magn.) Zahlbr. = Sarcogyne plicata (Knudsen & Lendemer 2005a)
pruinosa "(Körber) Mudd" = Sarcogyne regularis
rappii
Zahlbr. = Ramonia microspora (Lendemer & Knudsen 2011)
+resinae (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Sarea resinae
revertens (Tuck.) Herre (Tuckerman 1882, Fink 1935) = Acarospora privigna (Knudsen et al. 2021b)
simplex (Taylor) Branth & Rostrup = Acarospora
privigna (Knudsen et al. 2021b)
terrena Hasse = Sarcogyne crustacea (Knudsen & Kocourková 2010a)
testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal. = Sporastatia testudinea
BIATORIDIUM J. Lahm
delitescens (Arnold) Hafellner (Ekman 1996)
lasiothecium C. A. Morse &
Lendemer (Morse & Lendemer 2019)
monasteriense J. Lahm ex Körber (McCune & Rosentreter 2014)
BIATOROPSIS Räsänen
*minuta Millanes, Diederich, M.
Westb. & Wedin (Millanes et al. 2016)
*usnearum Räsänen
BIAZROVIA Zhurb. & Etayo
*stereocaulicola Zhurb. &
Etayo (Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas 2017)
BIBBYA
J. H. Willis
bullata (Meyen & Flotow) Kistenich, Timdal,
Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syn.:
Toninia bullata (Kistenich et al. 2018)
lutosa (Ach.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syns.: (?)Catillaria crystallifera, Tonina
lutosa (Kistenich et al. 2018)
ruginosa (Tuck.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman subsp. ruginosa
Syns.: Lecidea ruginosa, Toninia ruginosa subsp. ruginosa (Kistenich et al.
2018)
ruginosa subsp. pacifica (Timdal) Timdal Syn.: Toninia ruginosa
susp. pacifica (Kistenich et al. 2018)
vermifera (Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman (Kistenich
et al. 2018) Syns.: Bacidia vermifera, Lecidea hegetschweileri auct. (Ekman 1996)
BILIMBIA De Not.
accedens Arnold Syns.: Mycobilimbia accedens, Myxobilimbia
accedens (Spribille et al. 2010)
lobulata (Sommerf.) Hafellner &
Coppins Syns.: Mycobiolimbia lobulata,
Toninia lobulata (Veldkamp 2004), Toninia syncomista
microcarpa (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. Syns.: Bacidia microcarpa, Mycobilimbia
microcarpa (Veldkamp 2004)
sabuletorum (Schreber) Arnold Syns.: Bacidia sabuletorum, B. hypnophila,
Biatora hypnophila, Mycobilimbia sabuletorum, Myxobilimbia sabuletorum
(Veldkamp 2004)
acclinis (A. Massal.) Trevisan (Fink 1935) = Toninia
populorum (Ekman 1996)
bacidioides Körber (Tuckerman 1888) = Biatora cuprea
caloosensis (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Bacidia hostheleoides (Ekman 1996)
caudata (Nyl.) Fink = Ropalospora lugubris
coprodes Körber (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia coprodes
cupreorosella (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Bausch (Fink 1935) = Lecania cuprea (Ekman
1996)
declinis (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Catillaria nigroclavata (Ekman 1996)
floridana (Tuck.) Riddle (Fink 1935) = Fellhanera floridana (Ekman 1996)
granosa (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Bacidia granosa (Ekman 2014)
gyalectiformis Zahlbr. = Ramonia gyalectiformis
gyalizella (Nyl.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Gyalecta gyalizella (Baloch et al. 2013a)
lignaria (Ach.) A. Massal. (Fink 1935) = Micarea lignaria
meadii (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Byssoloma meadii (Tuck. ex Willey) S. Ekman
(Ekman 1996)
melaena (Nyl.) Arnold (Fink 1935) = Micarea melaena
molybditis (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Bacidina
medialis
naegelii (Hepp) Kremp. (Fink 1935) = Lecaniella naegelii
pammellii Fink (Fink 1935) = Bacidia granosa (Ekman 2014)
ravenelii (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Bacidia ravenelii (Ekman 1996)
rubidofusca (Willey) Fink (Fink 1935) = Bacidia rubidofusca (Ekman 1996)
rubricosa (Müll. Arg.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Ophioparma rubricosa (Ekman 1996)
sphaeroides (Dickson) Körber (Fink 1935) =
Mycobilimbia pilularis (Ekman 1996)
sphaeroides auct. = Mycobilimbia carneoalbida (Ekman 1996)
trachona (Ach.) Trevisan (Fink 1935)
North American reports are Bacidia coprodes (Llop & Ekman 2004)
trisepta (Nägeli) Arnold = Micarea peliocarpa (Santesson et al. 2004)
tricholoma (Mont.) Fink = Byssoloma tricholomum
BISPORA
Fuckel
*christiansenii D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998) = Intralichen
christiansenii
*lichenum
Diederich (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) = Intralichen lichenum
BLASTENIA A. Massal. (Arup et al.
2013)
ammiospila (Wahlenb.) Arup, Søchting
& Frödén Syns. Caloplaca ammiospila,
C. cinnamomea, C. discoidalis
ferruginea (Hudson) Th. Fr. Syn.: Caloplaca ferruginea, Placodium
ferrugineum
furfuracea (H. Magn.) Arup, Søchting
& Frödén Syn.: Caloplaca furfuracea
atrosanguinea (G. Merr.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Caloplaca atrosanguinea
crenularia (With.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén = misidentification for North
America (Wetmore 1996)
diphasia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Caloplaca diphasia
festiva (Ach.) A. Massal. = Caloplaca crenularia, but North American records
incorrect according to Wetmore (1996)
floridana (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Caloplaca floridana
fraudans (Th. Fr.) B. de Lesd. = Caloplaca fraudans
luteominia (Tuck.) Hasse = Polycauliona luteominea
novomexicana Fink = a Caloplaca sp.?
rubrofusca B. de Lesd. = a Caloplaca sp.?
sinapisperma (DC.) A. Massal. = Bryoplaca sinapisperma
BLENNOTHALLIA Trevisan (Otálora et al. 2014)
crispa (Hudson) Otálora, P. M. Jørg.
& Wedin Syn.: Collema cheilum, C.
crispum
fecunda (Degel.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Collema fecundum
BOGORIELLA Zahlbr.
+apposita (Nyl.) Aptroot
& Lücking (Aptroot & Lücking 2016) Syn.: Mycomicrothelia apposita
(Seavey et al. 2017)
#captiosa (Kremp.)
Aptroot & Lücking Syn.: Mycomicrothelia captiosa (Aptroot & Lücking
2016)
+decipiens (Müll. Arg.)
Aptroot & Lücking (Aptroot & Lücking 2016) Syn.: Mycomicrothelia
decipiens (Seavey et al. 2017)
#hemisphaerica (Müll.
Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking Syn.: Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
socialis (Zahlbr.) Aptroot &
Lücking Syn.: Mycomicrothelia socialis (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
#subfallens (Müll. Arg.)
Aptroot & Lücking Syn.: Mycomicrothelia subfallens (Aptroot and Lücking
2016)
BOMBYLIOSPORA De Not. ex A. Massal. =
MEGALOSPORA
domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. = Letrouitia domingensis
pachycheila (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Megalospora pachycheila
porphyritis (Tuck.) A. Massal. = Megalospora porphyritis
tuberculosa (Fée) De Not. = Megalospora tuberculosa
vulpina (Nyl.) J. M. Burgess = nom. inval. = Letrouitia vulpina
BORRERA Ach. = Teloschistes
tenella (Scop.) Ach. = Physcia tenella
BOTRYDINA Bréb. = LICHENOMPHALIA
botryoides (L.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
luteovitellina (Pilát & Nannf.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia
alpina
velutina (Quélet) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia velutina
viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
vulgaris Bréb. sens. str. = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
BOTRYOLEPRARIA Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea & Llimona
lesdainii (Hue) Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea &
Llimona Syn.: Lepraria lesdainii (Canals et al. 1997)
BOTTARIA A. Massal. = MYCOPORUM Flotow ex Nyl.
cruentata Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula cruentata
BRACKELIA Zhurb.
*lunkei Zhurb. (Zhurbenko &
Pino-Bodas 2017)
BRIANARIA S. Ekman & M.
Svensson (Ekman & Svensson 2014)
bauschiana (Körber) S. Ekman &
M. Svensson Syns.: Lecidea dilutiuscula,
L. lynceola auct. N. Am., Micarea bauschiana
lutulata (Nyl.) S. Ekman & M.
Svensson Syns.: Lecidea lutulata,
Micarea lutulata
sylvicola (Flotow ex Körber) S.
Ekman & M. Svensson Syns.: Lecidea
sylvicola, Micarea sylvicola
tuberculata (Sommerf.) S. Ekman
& M. Svensson Syn.: Micarea
tuberculata
BRIANCOPPINSIA Diederich, Ertz,
Lawrey & van den Boom (Diederich et al. 2012)
*cytospora (Vouaux) Diederich, Ertz,
Lawrey & van den Boom (Diederich et al. 2012, Kocourková et al. 2012) Syn.:
Phoma cytospora
BRIGANTIAEA Trevisan
fuscolutea (Dickson) R. Sant. Syn.: Lopadium fuscoluteum
leucoxantha (Sprengel) R. Sant. & Hafellner Syn.: Lopadium
leucoxanthum, Heterothecium leucoxanthum
praetermissa Hafellner & St. Clair (Hafellner 1997)
purpurata (Zahlbr.) Hafellner & Bellem. (Goward et al. 1996) = B.
praetermissa (Hafellner 1997)
BRODOA Goward
oroarctica (Krog) Goward Syn.: Hypogymnia oroarctica.
atrofusca (Schaerer) Goward Syns.:
Hypogymnia atrofusca, Parmelia atrofusca. North American reports are probably
misidentifications of Brodoa oroarctica
intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward Syns.:
Hypogymnia intestiniformis, H. encausta, Parmelia intestiniformis, P. encausta.
North American reports are
misidentifications of Brodoa oroarctica
BRUCEA
Rikkinen (Rikkinen 2003b) = BRUCEOMYCES Rikkinen (Tuovila et al. 2012)
+castoris Rikkinen = Bruceomyces castoris
BRUCEOMYCES Rikkinen (Tuovila et al. 2012)
+castoris Rikkinen
BRYOBILIMBIA Fryday, Printzen &
S. Ekman (Fryday et al. 2014)
ahlesii (Körber) Fryday, Printzen
& S. Ekman Syns.: Lecidea ahlesii,
L. delincta, L. virginiensis
ahlesii var. nemoralis (J. Lowe) Fryday, Printzen & S. Ekman Syns.: Lecidea ahlesii var. nemoralis, L.
nemoralis
diapensiae (Th. Fr.) Fryday,
Printzen & S. Ekman Syn.: Lecidea
diapensiae
hypnorum (Lib.) Fryday, Printzen
& S. Ekman Syns.: Lecidea hypnorum,
L. fusca, L. templetonii, L. atrofusca, L. sanguineoatra sens. Nyl., Mycobilimbia
hypnorum
BRYOCAULON Kärnefelt
divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt Syns.: Alectoria divergens,
Cornicularia divergens, Coelocaulon divergens
pseudosatoanum (Asahina) Kärnefelt Syn.: Cornicularia
pseudosatoana
BRYODINA Hafellner
rhypariza (Nyl.) Hafellner & Türk (Zhurbenko 2013)
BRYONORA Poelt
castanea (Hepp) Poelt Syn.: Lecanora castanea
curvescens (Mudd) Poelt Syn.: Lecania curvescens
pruinosa (Th. Fr.) Holtan-Hartwig
septentrionalis Holtan-Hartwig
BRYOPHAGUS Nitschke ex
Arnold
gloeocapsa
Nitschke ex Arnold (fide J. Hafellner, see Appendix) = Cryptodiscus gloeocapsa
BRYOPLACA Søchting, Frödén &
Arup (Arup et al. 2013)
jungermanniae (Vahl) Søchting, Frödén & Arup Syns.: Caloplaca jungermanniae, Placodium
jungermanniae
sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) Søchting, Frödén & Arup Syns.: Blastenia sinapisperma, Caloplaca
leucoraea, C. sinapisperma, Placodium sinapispermum
tetraspora (Nyl.) Søchting, Frödén & Arup Syn.: Caloplaca tetraspora
BRYOPOGON Link
negativus Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
pacificus Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
BRYORIA Brodo & D. Hawksw.
alaskana Myllys & Goward (Myllys
et al. 2016)
ambigua (Motyka) Bystr. & Fabiszewski Syn.: Alectoria ambigua (Bystrek &
Fabiszewski 1998)
americana (Motyka) Holien Syn.: Alectoria americana (Holien 1994,
Myllys et al. 2011)
bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
bicolor
carlottae Brodo & D. Hawksw.
cervinula Motyka ex Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
cervinula
fabiszewskiana Bystr. (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
fremontii, A. corneliae, A. tenerrima, A. tortuosa
furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
nidulifera, Cornicularia fibrillosa
furcellata subsp. hawksworthiana Bystr. &
Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
fuscescens, A. positiva, Bryopogon pacificus
glabra (Motyka) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria glabra irwinii Goward & Myllys (Myllys et
al. 2016)
kockiana Velmala, Myllys &
Goward (Velmala et al. 2014)
nadvornikiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.:
Alectoria nadvornikiana, A. altaica
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
nitidula, A. irvingii, A. lanea auct.
pseudofuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.:
Alectoria achariana, A. norstictica nom. inval., A. subtilis nom. inval.
(Velmala et al. 2014)
salazinica Brodo & D. Hawksw.
simplicior (Vainio) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
simplicior, A. nana nom. nudum
tenuis (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria tenuis
trichodes (Michaux) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. trichodes
Syns.: Alectoria canadensis, A. delicata nom. nudum
trichodes subsp. brodoana Bystr. &
Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
trichodes subsp. canadensis (Motyka) Bystr.
& Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria abbreviata
capillaris
(Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = B. fuscescens (Boluda et al. 2018); many N.A.
reports are B. pseudofuscescens
chalybeiformis
(L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = B. fuscescens (Velmala et al. 2014)
friabilis
Brodo & D. Hawksw. (Velmala et al. 2014) = B. pseudofuscescens (Boluda et
al. 2018)
implexa
(Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.= B. fuscescens; many North American records are
B.kockiana
inactiva Goward, Velmala & Myllys (Velmala et al. 2014) = B.
pseudofuscescens (Boluda et al. 2018)
lanestris
(Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = B. fuscescens (Velmala et al. 2014; Boluda et
al. 2018)
oregana (Tuck. ex Willey) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria oregana
pikei
Brodo & D. Hawksw. = B. pseudofuscescens (Boluda et al. 2018)
pseudocapillaris
Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Sulcaria spiralifera (Myllys et al. 2014)
setacea (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Not in North America.
spiralifera
Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Sulcaria spiralifera (Myllys et al. 2014)
subcana
(Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = B. fuscescens (Velmala et al. 2014)
subdivergens (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria subdivergens
tortuosa
(G. Merr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = B. fremontii (Velmala et al. 2009)
trichodes
subsp. americana
(Motyka) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = B. americana (Myllys et al. 2011)
vrangiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. (Velmala et al. 2014) = B.
fuscescens (Boluda et al. 2018)
BRYOSCYPHUS Spooner
*lichenicola Alstrup & M. S. Cole (Alstrup & Cole
1998)
BRYOSTIGMA Poelt
& Döbbeler
muscigenum (Th. Fr.) Frisch & G. Thor
Syn.: Arthonia muscigena, A. leucodontis (Frisch et al. 2014)
leucodontis
Poelt & Döbbeler = Bryostigma muscigenum
BUELLIA De Not.
abstracta (Nyl.) H. Olivier (Giralt
et al. 2011, Knudsen & Kocourková 2010c)
aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr.
arborea Coppins & Tønsberg (Tønsberg & McCune 2001)
arnoldii Servít Syn.: Hafellia arnoldii
bahiana Malme Syn.: Hafellia bahiana
bolacina Tuck.
calcariaecola B. de Lesd.
callispora (C. Knight) J.
Steiner Syn.: Hafellia callispora
capitis-regum W. A. Weber
cedricola Werner (Nordin 1999)
christophii Bungartz (Bungartz et al. 2004a)
circumpallida H. Magn. Syn.: Endohyalina circumpallida
concinna Th. Fr. (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
conspirans (Nyl.) Vainio (Bungartz 2004)
crystallifera (Vainio) Hav. (Goward et al. 1996)
curatellae Malme Syn.:
Hafellia curatellae
disciformis (Fr.) Mudd
Syn.: Hafellia disciformis
dispersa A. Massal.
dives (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. (Haldeman
2018)
eganii Bungartz (Bungartz & Nash. 2004a)
elegans Poelt
elizae (Tuck.) Tuck. Syn.: Gassicurtia elizae (Lendemer et al.
2013)
epigaea (Hoffm.) Tuck.
erubescens Arnold
fosteri (Imshaug & Sheard)
Perlmutter & Rivas Plata Syn.: Hafellia fosteri (Perlmutter & Rivas Plata
2018)
georgei Trinkaus, H. Mayrhofer &
Elix (Bungartz et al. 2007)
gibstoneorum Brodo & Sheard (Brodo & Sheard 2020)
griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb.
halonia (Ach.) Tuck.
immersa Lynge
#imshaugii Hafellner
jugorum (Arnold) Arnold
lacteoidea B. de Lesd.
lepidastra (Tuck.) Tuck.
Syn.: Lecidea lepidastra
leptocline (Flotow) A. Massal.
maculata Bungartz (Bungartz 2004a)
mamillana (Tuck.) W. A. Weber
Syns.: Rinodina mamillana, R. thomae
maritima (A. Massal.) Bagl.
(Bungartz et al. 2007)
mexicana J. Steiner (Nordin 2000)
microbola (Tuck. ex Fink) Sheard Syn.: Rinodina microbola
#miriquidica Scheid.
(Fryday 2006)
muriformis A. Nordin & Tønsberg (Nordin 1999)
nantiana B. de Lesd.
nashii Bungartz (Bungartz 2004)
navajoensis Bungartz (Bungartz 2004)
nigra (Fink) Sheard Syn.: Rinodina nigra
occidentalis Lynge (Lepage 1972)
ocellata (Flotow) Körber
oidalea (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn.: Rhizocarpon oidaleum
parastata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syn.:
Hafellia parastata
pleiotera Malme Syns.: Hafellia pleiotera, Hafellia bahiana
var pleiotera, Hafellia bahiana var. “pleiotropa” (Perlmutter & Rivas Plata
2018)
prospersa (Nyl.) Riddle (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
pullata Tuck. (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
ryanii Bungartz (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
schaereri De Not.
sequax (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bungartz et al. 2004b) Many previous reports are B. abstracta
(Giralt et al. 2011)
sharpiana Lendemer & R. C.
Harris (Lendemer & Harris 2013a)
silicicola B. de Lesd.
smaragdula B. de Lesd.
spuria (Schaerer) Anzi
stellulata (Taylor) Mudd
stigmatea Körber
subaethalea B. de Lesd. (Bungartz & Nash 2004a)
subdispersa Mig. (Nordin 1999)
tesserata Körber (Rico et al. 2003)
triseptata A. Nordin (Nordin 1999)
tyrolensis Körber (Bungartz 2004)
uberior Anzi
vernicoma (Tuck.) Tuck. Syn. : Gassicurtia vernicoma
vilis Th. Fr.
*adjuncta Th. Fr. (Esslinger & Egan 1995) = Amandinea adjuncta
aethaleoides (Nyl.) H. Olivier = B. aethalea
alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = Diplotomma alboatrum
alboatra var. saxicola (Fr.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Diplotomma alboatrum
alpicola (Wahlenb.) Anzi (Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon alpicola
ambigua (Ach.) Malme = Diplotomma ambiguum
amphidexia Imshaug ex R. C. Harris = Buellia circumpallida
atrata (Sm.) Anzi = Orphniospora moriopsis
atroalba auct. (Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri
#badia (Fr.) A. Massal. =
Monerolechia badia (Diederich et al. 2018)
badioatra (Flörke ex Sprengel) Körber = Rhizocarpon badioatrum
bahiana var. pleiotropa Malme = Buellia pleiotera (Perlmutter & Rivas Plata
2018)
blasteniospora Zahlbr. = B. parastata
blumeri Zahlbr. = B. dispersa
bolanderi Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon bolanderi
bolanderi var. sulphurosa Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon sulphurosum
caloosensis Tuck. = Gassicurtia catasema
canescens (Dickson) De Not. = Diploicia canescens
catasema (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia catasema
catawbensis Willey (Tuckerman 1888) = Dermiscellum oulocheilum
chloroleuca Körber (Bungartz et al. 2007, Spribille & Björk 2008) =
Tetramelas chloroleucus
chlorophaea (Hepp ex Leighton) Lettau = Diplotomma chlorophaeum
coccinea (Fée) Aptroot = Gassicurtia coccinea
colludens (Nyl.) Arnold = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri
coniops (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. = Amandinea coniops
contermina Arnold = B. uberior
coracina (Nyl.) Körber = Orphniospora moriopsis
curtisii (Tuck.) Imshaug = Baculifera curtisii
dakotensis (H. Magn.) Bungartz = Amandinea dakotensis
dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck. = Chrismofulvea dialyta
epipolia sensu auct. = Diplotomma venustum (Nordin 1996, McCune 2017)
epipolia (Ach.) Mong. = Diplotomma alboatrum (Nordin 1996, McCune 2017)
fimbriata (Tuck.) Imshaug = B. tesserata
geographica (L.) Tuck. = Rhizocarpon geographicum
geographica var. lecanorina (Körber) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon
lecanorinum
geophila
(Flörke ex Sommerf.) Lynge = Tetramelas geophila, but North American reports
are T. terricolus
glaucomaria (Nyl.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Phacographa glaucomaria
*glaucomarioides Willey ex Tuck. = Sclerococcum
glaucomarioides
glaziouana (Kremp.) Müll. Arg. = B. mamillana
hassei Imshaug = B. griseovirens
imshaugiana R. C. Harris = Baculifera imshaugiana
*inquilina Tuck. = Sclerococcum inquilinum
insignis (Nägeli ex Hepp) Th.
Fr. = Tetramelas insignis
isidians (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = excluded as doubtful
japonica
(Tuck.) Tuck. (Sheard et al. 2008) = Sculptolumina japonica
langloisii
Imshaug = Amandinea langloisii (Marbach 2000)
lauricassiae (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Cratiria
lauricassiae
lecanoroides
H. Magn. = Diplotomma venusta (Bungartz et al. 2007)
lepidastroidea
Imshaug ex Bungartz (Bungartz 2004) = B. sequax (Giralt et al. 2011)
leucomela Imshaug = Amandinea leucomela
malmei Lynge = B. aethalea
melanochlora (Kremp.) Müll. Arg. = Cratiria melanochlora
*minimula Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Buelliella minimula
modesta (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.= Cratiria americana
moriopsis (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. = Orphniospora moriopsis
myriocarpa (DC.) De Not. = Amandinea punctata
myriocarpa var. polyspora Willey (Tuckerman 1888) = Amandinea polyspora
nivalis (Bagl. & Carestia) Hertel ex Hafellner = Diplotomma nivalis
notabilis Lynge = Rinodina
notabilis
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = B. tyrolensis
oederi (Hoffm.) Rostrup (Tuckerman 1888)
= Rhizocarpon oederi
oidalea (Tuck.) Tuck. var. penichra Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Diplotomma
penichrum
pachnidisca R. C. Harris = Gassicurtia subpulcella
papillata (Sommerf.) Tuck. =
Tetramelas papillatus
papillata var. albocincta Th. Fr.
(Tuckerman 1888) = Tetramelas papillatus
parasema (Ach.) De Not. = B. disciformis
parasema var. triphragmia Nyl. (Tuckerman
1888) = Buellia disciformis
*parasitica (Flörke ex
Sprengel) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Sclerococcum
parasiticum
*parmeliarum (Sommerf.)
Arnold (Tuckerman 1888) = Abrothallus parmeliarum
penichra (Tuck.) Hasse = Diplotomma penichrum
*pertusariicola Willey ex Tuck. = Dactylospora pertusariicola
petraea (Wulfen) Branth & Rostrup
(Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon petraeum
petraea var. albinea Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon obscuratum, but a misidentification for N.A.
petraea var. grandis (Flöerke
ex Flotow) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon grande
petraea var. montagnei Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon disporum
pinastri Erichsen (Erichsen 1940) = Chrismofulvea pinastri
placodiomorpha Vainio = Orcularia placodiomorpha
polyspora (Willey) Vainio = Amandinea polyspora
pruinella Imshaug = B. tesserata
pueblae B. de Lesd. = B. dispersa
pulchella (Schrader) Tuck. = Catolechia wahlenbergii
*pulverulenta (Anzi) Jatta = Tetramelas pulverulentus
punctata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. = Amandinea punctata
punctata var. polyspora (Willey) Fink = Amandinea polyspora
radiata Tuck. = Dimelaena radiata
rappii Imshaug ex R.C. Harris = Endohyalina rappii
retrovertens Tuck. = B. dispersa (Bungartz et al. 2002)
rinodinoides Anzi = misidentification for North America
rinodinospora Riddle = B. parastata
rittokensis Hellb. (Tuckerman 1888) = Rhizocarpon rittokense
rubifaciens R.C. Harris = Chrismofulvea rubifaciens
saurina W. A. Weber = Rhizocarpon saurinum
*saxatilis (Schaerer) Körber (Tuckerman
1888) = Sclerococcum saxatile
saxicola B.
de Lesd. = B. sequax
scabrosa (Ach.) A. Massal. = Epilichen scabrosus
semitensis Tuck. = B. concinna
stigmaea Tuck. = B. maculata
stillingiana J. Steiner =
B. erubescens (Bungartz et al. 2007)
subalbula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. North
American reports are B. maritima (Bungartz et al. 2007)
subdisciformis (Leighton) Jatta (Mohr 1901) = B. disciformis
subpostumum Nyl. (Mohr 1901) = Rhizocarpon subpostumum, but a misidentification
for North America
subpulcella Vainio = Gassicurtia subpulcella
tergestina J. Steiner & Zahlbr. = B. dispersa
terricola A. Nordin (Nordin
1999) = Tetramelas terricolus
thomae (Tuck.) Imshaug = B. mamillana
tolucae
B. de Lesd. (Nordin 1999) = B. mexicana (Bungartz et al. 2007)
triphragmioides Anzi = Tetramelas
triphragmioides
*trypethelii Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) =
Buelliella trypethelii
tucsonensis Zahlbr. = B. dispersa (Bungartz et al. 2007)
#turgescens Tuck. = Monerolechia badia (Bungartz & Nash 2004c, Diederich et al.
2018)
#turgescentoides Fink = Monerolechia badia (Bungartz & Nash
2004c, Diederich et al. 2018))
*urceolata Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Sclerococcum urceolatum
venusta (Körber) Lettau = Diplotomma venustum
verruculosa (Sm.) Mudd = B. aethalea
verruculosa auct. = B. ocellata
wahlenbergii (Ach.) Sheard = Catolechia wahlenbergii
wheeleri R. C. Harris = Ciposia wheeleri
zahlbruckneri J. Steiner = B. erubescens
zahlbruckneri sensu Imshaug = mostly Tetramelas chloroleucus (Bungartz et al.
2007)
BUELLIELLA Fink
*inops (Triebel & Rambold)
Hafellner Syn.: Karschia inops (Hafellner 2004a)
*minimula (Tuck.) Fink Syn.: Buellia minimula
*physciicola Poelt & Hafellner (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*poetschii Hafellner (Hafellner et
al. 2008)
*trypethelii (Tuck.) Fink Syn.: Buellia trypethelii
*inquilina (Tuck.) Fink = Sclerococcum inquilinum
*nuttallii (Calk. & Nyl.) Fink = Sclerococcum lobariellum
*parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Fink = Abrothallus parmeliarum
*saxatilis (Schaerer) Fink = Sclerococcum saxatile
*usneae (Rabenh.) Fink =
misidentification for North America
BUELLIOPSIS A. Schneider = BUELLIA
papillata (Sommerf.) Fink = Tetramelas papillata
vernicoma (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Buellia vernicoma
BULBOTHRIX Hale
confoederata (W. L. Culb.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia confoederata
coronata (Fée) Hale Syn.: Parmelia coronata
isidiza (Nyl.) Hale
laevigatula (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia laevigatula
scortella (Nyl.) Hale (Benatti &
Elix 2012) Syn.: Parmelia njalensis, P. scortella
goebelii (Zenker) Hale North American reports
are B. scortella (Benatti & Elix 2012)
BULLATINA Vězda &
Poelt
aspidota
(Vainio) Vězda & Poelt = Calenia aspidotum
BUNODOPHORON A. Massal.
melanocarpum (Sw.) Wedin Syn.: Sphaerophorus melanocarpus
BURGELLA Diederich & Lawrey
(Diederich & Lawrey 2007)
*flavoparmeliae Diederich &
Lawrey
BYSSOLOMA Trevisan
absconditum Farkas & Vězda
(Seavey & Seavey 2012)
chlorinum (Vainio) Zahlbr. (Lücking
et al. 2011b)
leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vainio Syn.: Lecidea leucoblephara
maderense Breuss (Breuss 2016)
marginatum (Arnold) Sérus.
meadii (Tuck. ex Willey) S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia meadii,
Biatora meadii, Bilimbia meadii
subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James
tricholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr. Syns.: Biatora tricholoma,
Bilimbia tricholoma
pubescens Vězda ex R.C. Harris (Harris 1995a) = B. meadii (Brodo et al.
2001)
rotuliforme (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. = B. subdiscordans
Return
To Introduction or go to: A B
C D E
F G H
I J K
L M N
O P R
S T U
V W X
Z References Cited
CAERULEOCONIDIA Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas
*ochrolechiae Zhurb. & Diederich
(Haldeman 2018)
CAERULEUM K. Knudsen & Arcadia (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012)
heppii (Nägeli ex Körber) K. Knudsen
& Arcadia Syns.: Acarospora
aeruginosa, A. heppii, Myriospora heppii
immersum (Fink) K. Knudsen &
Arcadia Syns.: Acarospora immersa,
Myriospora immersa
CALENIA Müll. Arg.
aspidotum (Vainio) Vězda Syn.: Bullatina aspidota (Lücking et al.
2007)
CALICIELLA Vainio = non-lichenized fungi
CALICIUM Pers.
abietinum Pers.
adspersum Pers.
brachysporum (Nádv.) K. Knudsen, Kocourk. & Lendemer Syn.: Cyphelium brachysporum (Knudsen et al.
2020 (2019))
carolinianum (Tuck.) M. Prieto &
Wedin Syns.: Acolium carolinianum, Cyphelium carolinianum, Thelomma
carolinianum (Prieto & Wedin 2017)
chlorosporum F. Wilson
*corynellum (Ach.)
Ach.
denigratum (Vainio) Tibell (McMullin
et al. 2012)
glaucellum Ach.
hyperelloides Nyl.
lenticulare Ach.
leucochlorum Tuck.
lucidum (Th. Fr.) M. Prieto & Wedin Syn.: Cyphelium
lucidum (Prieto & Wedin 2017)
montanum Tibell (Kolb & Spribille 2001)
notarisii (Tul.) M. Prieto & Wedin Syn.: Cyphelium
notarisii (Prieto & Wedin 2017)
parvum Tibell
pinastri Tibell (Selva 2013)
pinicola (Tibell) M. Prieto &
Wedin Syn.: Cyphelium pinicola (Prieto & Wedin 2017)
quercinum Pers.
salicinum Pers.
sequoiae C. Williams & Tibell (Williams & Tibell 2008)
tigillare (Ach.) Pers. Syns.: Cyphelium tigillare, C. notarisii subsp. tigillare
(Prieto & Wedin 2017)
trabinellum (Ach.) Ach.
trachylioides (Nyl. ex Branth & Rostrup) Prieto & Wedin Syn.: Cyphelium trachylioides
viride Pers.
adaequatum
Nyl. = Allocalicium adaequatum (Prieto & Wedin 2017)
albonigrum Nyl. = Mycocalicium albonigrum
#asikkalense Vainio = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
curtisii Tuck. = Phaeocalicium curtisii
curtisii var. splendidulum G. Merr. (Merrill
1909) = Phaeocalicium curtisii (Selva & McMullin 2020)
*disseminatum Ach. = Microcalicium disseminatum
#floerkei Zahlbr. = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
fuscipes Tuck. = Mycocalicium fuscipes
hemisphaericum Howard = Allocalicium adaequatum
hyperellum (Ach.) Ach. = C. viride
lentigerellum Tuck. = C. lenticulare
lichenoides (L.) Schumacher = C. salicinum
melanophaeum Sommerf. (Mohr 1901) = Mycocalicium albonigrum
microcephalum (Sm.) Ach. = Sphinctrina anglica
minutissimum G. Merr. (Merrill 1909) = Phaeocalicium minutissimum
obscura G. Merr. (Merrill 1909) = Chaenotheca
obscura (Selva & McMullin 2020)
+parietinum Ach. (Claassen 1912) = Mycocalicium subtile
+populneum Brond. ex Duby = Phaeocalicium populneum
#pusillum auct. = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
pusiolum Ach. = Chaenothecopsis pusiola
queenslandiae (F. Wilson) Tibell = C. chlorosporum
ravenelii Tuck. = Mycocalicium ravenelii
roscidum (Ach.) Ach. nom. superfl. = C. adspersum
roscidum var. trabinellum (Ach.) Schaerer = C. trabinellum for North American
records
sphaerocephalum (L.) Ach. = (?) C. lichenoides
#subpusillum Vainio = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
subquercinum Asahina = C. lenticulare
+subtile Pers. = Mycocalicium subtile
trachelinum Ach. = C. salicinum
turbinatum Pers. = Sphinctrina turbinata
CALLOME Otálora & Wedin (Otálora
et al. 2014)
multipartita (Sm.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Collema
multipartitum
CALOGAYA Arup, Frödén & Søchting
(Arup et al. 2013)
arnoldii (Wedd.) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syns.: Caloplaca arnoldii, C.
arnoldii subsp. obliterata
biatorina (A. Massal.) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca biatorina
bryochrysion (Poelt) Vondrák Syns.: Caloplaca alaskensis, C. bryochrysion
(Vondrák et al. 2016)
decipiens (Arnold) Arup, Frödén & Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca decipiens
lobulata (Flörke) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca lobulata
pusilla (A. Massal.) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca pusilla
saxicola (Hoffm.) Vondrák Syns.:
Caloplaca saxicola, Placodiium murorum (Vondrák et al. 2016)
alaskensis (Wetmore) Arup, Frödén & Søchting = C. bryochrysion (Vondrák et
al. 2016)
CALOPADIA Vězda
editae Vězda ex Chaves &
Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
floridana Hodges & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
fusca (Müll Arg.) Vězda Syn.: Lopadium fuscum
imshaugii Common & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
lecanorella (Nyl.) Kalb & Vězda (Lücking et al. 2011b)
perpallida (Nyl.) Vězda (Lücking et al. 2011b)
puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Vězda Syn.: Lopadium
puiggarii
schomerae F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2011)
subcoerulescens (Zahlbr.)
Vězda (Lücking et al. 2011b)
CALOPLACA Th. Fr.
adnexa Vězda
ahtii Søchting
albovariegata (B. de Lesd.) Wetmore Syn.: Pyrenodesmia albovariegata
alcarum Poelt
approximata (Lynge) H. Magn.
atroalba (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
Syn.: Lecania perproxima (van den
Boom & Ryan 2004b)
atrocyanescens (Th. Fr.) H.
Olivier (Spribille et al. 2010)
atroflava (Turner) Mong.
atrosanguinea (G. Merr.) I. M. Lamb Syns.: Blastenia atrosanguinea, Lecanora
atrosanguinea
borealis (Vainio) Poelt
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Nash et al. 1998)
brunneola Wetmore
californica Zahlbr.
camptidia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Placodium camptidia
carolinae H. Magn.
cascadensis H. Magn.
catalinae H. Magn.
celata Th. Fr.
cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig) Th. Fr. (Laundon 2005)
chlorina (Flotow) Sandst.
cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr.
conversa (Kremp.) Jatta
dakotensis Wetmore
demissa (Körber) Arup & Grube Syns.: Lecanora demissa, L.
incusa, L. subolivascens (Arup & Grube 1999)
diphasia (Tuck.) Wetmore Syns.: Blastenia diphasia, Lecanora
diphasia, Placodium diphasium
diphyodes (Nyl.) Jatta Syn.: Lecania arctica
dispersa B. de Lesd.
durietzii H. Magn.
edwardiana J. R. Hoffm. & Lendemer (Hoffman & Lendemer 2020)
epiphora (Taylor) C. W. Dodge (Wetmore 2004a)
#epithallina Lynge
erichansenii S. Y. Kondr., A. Thell,
Kärnefelt & Elix (Vondrák et al.
2011)
erythrantha (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (Wetmore 2007b)
eugyra (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Placodium eugyrum
exsecuta (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
ferrugineofusca (Vainio) H. Magn.
floridana (Tuck.) S. Tucker Syns.: Blastenia floridana, Lecanora floridana,
Placodium floridanum
fraudans (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier
Syn.: Blastenia fraudans
fraxinea I. M. Lamb
fulvolutea (Arnold) Jatta (Thomson
1997)
fuscorufa
H. Magn. (McCune et al. 2018)
granularis (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (Wetmore 2004b)
#grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier
groenlandica Lynge
#insularis
Poelt
#isidiigera Vězda (Šoun et al. 2011)
kamczatica (Savicz) Savicz
(Søchting 2004)
#lecanorae F. Seavey
& J. Seavey (Seavey & Seavey 2012)
lecanoroides Lendemer (Lendemer et
al. 2010)
lignicola Wetmore (Wetmore 2009)
lithophila H. Magn.
litoricola Brodo
livida (Hepp) Jatta
microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse
Syn.: Placodium microphyllinum
[Pyrenodesmia montana B. de Lesd.]
neonii B. de Lesd.
neotropica Wetmore
nivalis (Körber) Th. Fr. Syn.: Placodium nivale
[Blastenia novomexicana Fink]
obamae K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2009)
obesimarginata Søchting (Søchting
2004)
oblongula (H. Magn.) Wetmore Syns.: Apatoplaca oblongula,
Lecidea oblongula
obscurella (J. Lahm) Th. Fr.
oleicola (J. Steiner) van den Boom & Breuss (Goward et al.
1996)
oregona H. Magn.
parvula Wetmore
peliophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
#pellodella
(Nyl.) Hasse Syn.: Pyrenodesmia elaeodes
phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
phyllidizans Wetmore (Wetmore 2003)
pinicola H. Magn.
pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta Syn.: Placodium ferrugineum var.
pollinii
pratensis Wetmore (Wetmore 2009)
pygmaea Wetmore (Wetmore 2007a)
quercicola H. Magn.
reptans Lendemer & Hodkinson
(Hodkinson & Lendemer 2012)
rubelliana (Ach.) Lojka
[Blastenia rubrofusca B. de Lesd.]
schaereri (Flörke) Zahlbr.
schoeferi Poelt (Wetmore 2007a)
sibirica H. Magn. (Søchting &
Olech 1995)
sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Placodium cerinum var.
sideritis
sipeana H. Magn.
sonorae Wetmore (Wetmore 1996)
soralifera Vondrák & Hrouzek
(Wetmore 2009)
sorocarpa (Vainio) Zahlbr.
spaldingii Zahlbr.
spitsbergensis H. Magn.
stanfordensis H. Magn.
stillicidiorum (Vahl) Lynge (Šoun et al. 2011, Arup et al. 2013)
subnitida (Malme) Zahlbr.
subpyraceella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
tornoënsis H. Magn.
turkuensis (Vainio) Zahlbr. (Šoun et
al. 2011)
ulcerosa Coppins & P. James (Wetmore 2004b)
ulmorum (Fink) Fink (Šoun et al. 2011) But see also Wetmore 2007b
urceolata B. de Lesd.
verrucosa Hasse
wetmorei Nimis, Poelt & Tretiach
wrightii (Tuck.) Fink Syn.: Placodium ferrugineum var.
wrightii
yuchiorum Lendemer & C. A. Morse
(Lendemer & Morse 2010)
alaskensis
Wetmore (Wetmore 2004b) = Calogaya bryochrysion (Vondrák et al. 2016)
alboatra (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (Flowers 1953/1954)
Misspelling of C. atroalba
allochroa Y. Joshi, Vondrák & Hur
(Spribille et al. 2020) = Gyalolechia allochroa
amabilis (Fink) Zahlbr. = C. pellodella
ammiospila
(Wahlenb.) H. Olivier = Blastenia ammiospila
arenaria
(Pers.) Müll. Arg. = Rufoplaca arenaria
arizonica
H. Magn. = Gyalolechia epiphyta (Vondrák et al. 2016)
arizonica E. Rudolph non H. Magn. = C. pellodella
arnoldii (Wedd.) Zahlbr. subsp. obliterata (Pers.) Gaya (Gaya 2009) = Calogaya
arnoldii
aurantia
(Pers.) Hellbom = Variospora aurantia
aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = Gyalolechia flavorubescens
austrocitrina Vondrák, Říha, Arup & Søchting (Knudsen & Kocourková
2010e) = Flavoplaca austrocitrina
biatorina (A. Massal.) J. Steiner (Gaya 2009) = Calogaya biatorina
bolacina
(Tuck.) Herre = Polycauliona bolacina
bolanderi (Tuck.) H. Magn. = Polycauliona luteominea var. bolanderi
bracteata (Hoffm.) Jatta = Gyalolechia bracteata
brattiae
W. A. Weber = Polycauliona brattiae
bryochrysion Poelt = Gyalolechia bryochrysion (Vondrák et al. 2016)
caesiorufa (Wibel) Flagey = removed as a nomen confusum (Wetmore 1996)
caesiorufella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. phaeocarpella
callopisma (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Variospora aurantia
castellana (Räsänen) Poelt If treated as
separate from C. invadens (=Pachypeltis invadens) as done by e.g. Alstrup
(1991), this species has not yet been reported for North America
cerinelloides (Erichsen) Poelt (Qian & Klinka 1998) = Athallia
cerinelloides
chrysodeta
(Vainio) Dombr. = Leproplaca chrysodeta
chrysophthalma
Degel. = Solitaria chrysophthalma
cinnamomea (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = Blastenia ammiospila
cirrochroa
(Ach.) Th. Fr. = Leproplaca cirrochroa
citrina
(Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = Flavoplaca citrina
cladodes
(Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Pachypeltis cladodes
constipans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Edrudia constipans
coralloides
(Tuck.) Hulting = Polycauliona coralloides
crenularia (With.) J. R. Laundon = Blastenia crenularia, but a misidentification
for North America (Wetmore 1996)
crenulatella (Nyl.) H. Olivier (Knudsen & La Doux 2005) = Xanthocarpia
crenulatella
decipiens
(Arnold) Blomb. & Forssell = Calogaya decipiens
diplacia (Ach.) Riddle = doesn't occur N of Mexico (Wetmore 1994)
discernenda (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. saxicola
discoidalis (Vainio) Lynge = Blastenia ammiospila
discolor (Willey) Fink = Gyalolechia xanthostigmoidea (Wetmore 2001, Arup et
al. 2013)
elegans (Link) Th. Fr. = Rusavskia elegans
epiphyta Lynge (Søchting & Tønsberg 1997) = Gyalolechia epiphyta (Vondrák
et al. 2016)
erythrella (Ach.) Kieffer = Gyalolechia flavovirescens
feracissima
H. Magn. = Xanthocarpia feracissima
ferruginea
(Hudson) Th. Fr. = Blastenia ferruginea
festiva (Ach.) Zwackh = Caloplaca crenularia, but North American records
incorrect according to Wetmore (1996)
flavocitrina (Nyl.) H. Olivier (Arup 2006) = Flavoplaca flavocitrina
flavogranulosa
Arup = Polycauliona flavogranulosa
flavorubescens
(Hudson) J. R. Laundon = Gyalolechia flavorubescens
flavovirescens
(Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = Gyalolechia flavovirescens
fulgens (Sw.) Körber = Gyalolechia fulgens
furfuracea
H. Magn. (Wetmore 2004a) = Blastenia furfuracea
galactophylla
(Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Squamulea galactophylla
gilva (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. = C. cerina
gloriae sensu Aptroot (1996) non Werner & Llimona = Polycauliona
verruculifera (Arup 1997)
granulosa
(Müll. Arg.) Jatta = Flavoplaca granulosa
herbidella (Hue) H. Magn. = Blastenia herbidella, but a misidentification for
North America (Wetmore 2004a)
herrei Hasse = C. atrosanguinea
holocarpa
(Hoffm. ex Ach.) A. E. Wade = Athallia holocarpa
ignea
Arup = Polycauliona ignea
impolita
Arup = Polycauliona impolita
inconspecta
Arup = Polycauliona inconspecta
intermedia (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = C. cinnabarina (Wetmore & Kärnefelt
1999)
invadens
Lynge (Thomson 1997) = Pachypeltis invadens
irrubescens (Arnold) Zahlbr. = Squamulea subsoluta
jungermanniae
(Vahl) Th. Fr. = Bryoplaca jungermanniae
lactea
(A. Massal.) Zahlbr. = Xanthocarpia lactea
laeta H. Magn. = Polycauliona luteominia var. luteominia
lamprocheila (DC.) Flagey = Rufoplaca arenaria
leucoraea (Ach. ex Flörke) Branth = Bryoplaca sinapisperma
lobulata
(Flörke) B. de Lesd. = Calogaya lobulata
ludificans
Arup = Polycauliona ludificans
luteoalba
(Turner) Th. Fr. = Cerothallia luteoalba
luteominia
(Tuck.) Zahlbr. var. luteominia = Polycauliona luteominia var. luteominia
luteominia
var. bolanderi
(Tuck.) Arup = Polycauliona luteominia var. bolanderi
marina
(Wedd.) Zahlbr. subsp. americana Arup = Flavoplaca marina
marmorata (Bagl.) Jatta (Knudsen &
La Doux 2005) = Xanthocarpia marmorata
microthallina
(Wedd.) Zahlbr. = Flavoplaca microthallina
modesta (Zahlbr.) Fink = Squamulea subsoluta
murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = C. saxicola
nashii Nav.-Ros., Gaya & Hladun (Kudsen & La Doux 2005) = Polycauliona
nashii
obliterans
(Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell = Leproplaca obliterans
oxfordensis
Fink =
Rufoplaca oxfordensis
parviloba
Wetmore (Wetmore 2003) = Squamulea parviloba
paulsenii (Vainio) Zahlbr. = misidentification for North America
persimilis
Wetmore (Wetmore 2004b) = Gyalolechia persimilis
phlogina (Ach.) Flagey (Richardson et al. 2009, Vondrák et al. 2010) =
Polycauliona phlogina
pusilla (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. (Gaya 2009) = Calogaya pusilla
pyracea (Ach.) Zwackh (Arup 2009) = Athallia pyracea
rosei
Hasse = Polycauliona rosei
sarcopisioides (Körber) Zahlbr. = C. obscurella
saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin = Calogaya saxicola
saxifragarum Poelt =
Athallia saxifragarum
scopularis
(Nyl.) Lettau = Athallia scopularis
scotoplaca (Nyl.) H. Magn. = misidentification for North America (Wetmore 1996)
sinapisperma
(Lam. & DC.) Maheu & A. Gillet = Bryoplaca sinapisperma
sorediata (Vainio) Du Rietz = Rusavskia sorediata
splendens (Darb.) Zahlbr. = Rusavskia elegans
squamosa
(B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Squamulea squamosa
stantonii
W. A. Weber ex Arup = Gyalolechia stantonii
stellata
Wetmore & Kärnefelt (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998) = Polycauliona stellata
stipitata
Wetmore (Wetmore 1999) = Gyalolechia
stipitata
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Candelina submexicana
subnigricans H. Magn. = C. atrosanguinea
subolivacea (Th. Fr.) Lynge = Parvoplaca tiroliensis
subsoluta
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Wetmore 2003) = Squamulea subsoluta
teicholyta (Ach.) J. Steiner = misidentification for North America (Wetmore
1996)
tetraspora
(Nyl.) H. Olivier = Bryoplaca tetraspora
texana
Wetmore & Kärnefelt (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998) = Wetmoreana texana
thallincola (Wedd.) Du Rietz Not in
North America
tiroliensis
Zahlbr. = Parvoplaca tiroliensis
tominii
(Savicz) Ahlner (Wetmore 2001) = Xanthocarpia tominii
trachyphylla
(Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Xanthomendoza trachyphylla
variabilis
(Pers.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenodesmia variabilis
velana
(A. Massal.) Du Rietz = Variospora velana
verruculifera
(Vainio) Zahlbr. = Polycauliona verruculifera
vicaria H. Magn. = C. kamczatica
vitellinula
(Nyl.) H. Olivier = Athallia vitellinula
xanthostigmoidea
(Räsänen) Zahlbr. = Gyalolechia xanthostigmoidea
CALOPLACOPSIS
(Zahlbr.) B. de Lesd. = CANDELARIELLA
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) B. de Lesd. = Candelina submexicana
CALVITIMELA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
aglaea (Sommerf.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea aglaea, L.
aglaeida (Hertel & Andreev 2003), L. shushanii,Tephromela aglaea, T.
aglaeida
armeniaca (DC.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea armeniaca, Tephromela
armeniaca
cuprea Haugan & Timdal (Lendemer
& Harris 2016)
melaleuca (Sommerf.) R. Sant.
(Spribille et al. 2011, Dillman et al. 2012)
perlata (Haugan & Timdal) R.
Sant. (Bendiksby et al. 2015)
talayana (Haugan & Timdal)
Andreev (Hodkinson et al. 2009)
testaceoatra (Vainio) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea testaceoatra, L.
arctogena, Tephromela testaceoatra
CAMPYLOTHELIUM
Müll. Arg.
amylosporum (Vainio) R. C. Harris = Dictyomeridium amylosporum
nitidum Zahlbr. = Astrothelium megaspermum
CANDELARIA A. Massal.
concolor (Dickson) Stein Syn.: Teloschistes concolor var.
effusa
fibrosa (Fr.) Müll. Arg.
pacifica M. Westb. & Arup (Westberg & Arup 2011)
concolor var. effusa (Tuck.) G. Merr. & Burnham = C. concolor (Lendemer
& Westberg 2010)
CANDELARIELLA Müll. Arg.
aggregata M. Westb. (Westberg 2007a)
antennaria Räsänen
arctica (Körber) R. Sant. Syn.: Placodium crenulatum
aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Placodium vitellinum var.
aurellum
biatorina M. Westb. (Westberg 2007c)
blastidiata Yakovchenko (Yakovchenko
et al. 2017)
borealis M. Westb. (Westberg 2007b)
californica M. Westb. (Westberg
2007a)
canadensis H. Magn.
citrina B. de Lesd.
clarkiae E. Tripp & Lendemer
(Tripp & Lendemer 2015)
complanata M. Westb. (Westberg 2007a)
coralliza (Nyl.) H. Magn.
corviniscalensis C. A. Morse &
M. Westb. (Westberg et al. 2011b)
deppeanae M. Westb. (Westberg 2007a)
efflorescens R. C. Harris & W. R. Buck
granuliformis M. Westb. (Westberg et al. 2011b)
immarginata M. Westb. (Westberg
2007a)
kansuensis H. Magn. (Westberg 2007a)
lutella (Vainio) Räsänen
minuta Reichert & Galun (Weber
& Wittman 2000)
placodizans (Nyl.) H. Magn.
rosulans (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
spraguei (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Placodium spraguei
subdeflexa (Nyl.) Lettau
vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.
xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau
xanthostigmoides (Müll. Arg.) R. W.
Rogers (Lendemer & Westberg 2010)
athallina (Wedd.) Du Rietz Excluded from North America (Westberg et al.
(2011b)
cerinella (Flörke) Zahlbr. = C. aurella
corallizoides M. Westb. Erroneously listed
here; reported only from Mexico (Westberg 2007a)
crenulata (Wahlenb.) Zahlbr. = C. arctica
deflexa
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. aurella, but N. American reports are mostly C. antennaria
(Westberg 2007a)
dispersa
(Räsänen) Hakul. Excluded from North
America (Westberg et al. 2011b)
epixantha auct. = C. aurella
epixantha (Ach.) Sandst. = Candelariella aurella
holophaea (Mont.) Zahlbr. = Solenopsora holophaea
hudsonica Hakul. = C. canadensis
kuusamoensis
Räsänen var. areolata
Hakul. Excluded from North America
(Westberg et al. 2011b)
luteoalba (Turner) Lettau = Cerothallia luteoalba
medians (Nyl.) Sm. North American reports probably refer to Candelina
submexicana
plumbea
Poelt & Vězda Excluded from
North America (Westberg et al. 2011b)
reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau = misidentification for North America
(Westberg et al. 2007)
stenospora
B. de Lesd. Excluded from North America
(Westberg et al. 2011b)
submexicana B. de Lesd. = Candelina submexicana
terrigena
Räsänen = C. citrina (Westberg 2007a, Westberg 2009)
CANDELINA Poelt
mexicana (B. de Lesd.) Poelt
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) Poelt Syns.: Caloplacopsis
submexicana, Candelariella submexicana, Caloplaca submexicana. North American
reports of Candelariella medians (Nyl.) Sm. probably belong here.
CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale = PARMOTREMA
(Blanco et al. 2005)
conferenda (Hale) Elix = Parmotrema conferendum
haitiensis (Hale) Elix = Parmotrema haitiensis
neotropica (Kurok.) Elix = Parmotrema neotropicum
subsumpta (Nyl.) Elix = Parmotrema subsumptum
subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix = Parmotrema subtinctorium
CANOPARMELIA Elix & Hale
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Elix (Elix 2001) Syns:
Paraparmelia alabamensis, Parmelia alabamensis, Pseudoparmelia alabamensis
caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
caroliniana, Pseudoparmelia caroliniana
cryptochlorophaea (Hale) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
cryptochlorophaea, Pseudoparmelia cryptochlorophaea
martinicana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
martinicana, Pseudoparmelia martinicana
texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia texana,
Pseudoparmelia texana
amabilis
Heiman & Elix (Heiman & Elix 1999) = Canoparmelia caroliniana (Lendemer
& Ruiz 2015)
amazonica (Nyl.) Elix
& Hale = Parmelinella amazonica (Rodrigues et al. 2021)
crozalsiana
(B. de Lesd. ex Harm.) Elix & Hale =
Crespoa crozalsiana
salacinifera (Hale) Elix & Hale = Parmelinella salacinifera (Rodrigues et al. 2021)
CAPRONIA Sacc.
*harrisiana
Hollinger & Lendemer (Hollinger & Lendemer 2021)
*thamnoliae Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2012)
*peltigerae
(Fuckel) D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003) = Knufia peltigerae (Réblová
et al. 2013)
CARBACANTHOGRAPHIS Staiger & Kalb (Staiger 2002)
candidata (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphis candidata (Staiger 2002)
marcescens (Fée) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphina marcescens, G. plittii,
Graphis marcescens (Staiger 2002)
muriformis E. Tripp & Lendemer
(Tripp et al. 2010)
CARBONEA (Hertel) Hertel
*aggregantula (Müll. Arg.) Diederich & Triebel (Goward et
al. 1996)
#assimilis
(Körber) Hafellner & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea assimilis
#atronivea
(Arnold) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea atronivea
*intrudens (H. Magn.) Hafellner
(Dillman et al. 2012) Syn.: Lecidea
intrudens
latypizodes (Nyl.) Knoph & Rambold (Knoph et al. 2004) Syns.: Lecidea austrocalifornica, L. subplebeia
(Knudsen et al. 2008b), L.
subcontinuior, L. amabilis, Mycobilimbia austrocalifornica
*supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel
(Diederich 2003)
*vitellinaria (Nyl.) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea vitellinaria,
Nesolechia vitellinaria
#vorticosa
(Flörke) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea vorticosa
intrusa (Th. Fr.) Rambold & Triebel (Hinds et al. 2002) = Scoliciosporum
intrusum
CARBONICOLA
Bendiksby & Timdal (Bendiksby
& Timdal 2013)
anthracophila (Nyl.) Bendiksby &
Timdal Syns.: Biatora anthracophila, B. ostreata var. cladonioides,
Hypocenomyce anthracophila, Lecidea anthracophila, Psora anthracophila
myrmecina (Ach.) Bendiksby &
Timdal Syn.: Hypocenomyce
castaneocinerea
CARNEOTHELE Fryday, T. Sprib. & M. Svenss. (Spribille et al. 2020)
sphagnicola Fryday, M. Svenss. & Holien (Spribille et al. 2020)
CATAPYRENIUM Flotow (Breuss 1996)
cinereum (Pers.) Körber Syns.: Dermatocarpon cinereum, D.
hepaticum
daedaleum (Kremp.) Stein
Syn.: Dermatocarpon daedaleum
globosum J. W. Thomson
granulosum (B. de Lesd.) J. W. Thomson Syns.: Endopyrenium
crustaceum, E. granulosum, Dermatocarpon granulosum
psoromoides (Borrer) R. Sant.
squamellum (Nyl. ex Hasse) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Dermatocarpon squamellum
acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson = Placidium acarosporoides
andicolum Breuss = Placidium andicola
caeruleopulvinum J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium caeruleopulvinum
chilense (Räsänen) Breuss = Placidium chilense
#compactum (A.
Massal.) R. Sant. = Heteroplacidium compacta
congestum Breuss & McCune = Heteroplacidium congestum
heppioides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium heppioides
lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant. = Placidium lachneum
lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss = Clavascidium lacinulatum
michelii (A. Massal.) R. Sant. = Placidium michelii
norvegicum Breuss = Placidium norvegicum
plumbeum (B. de Lesd.) J. W. Thomson (p.p.) = Verrucaria inficiens (Breuss
1998)
podolepis Breuss = Placidium podolepis
rufescens (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium rufescens
schaereri
(Fr.) R. Sant. = Placopyrenium coloradoense for North American reports
squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium squamulosum
tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) J. W. Thomson = Placidium arboreum
umbrinum Breuss = Clavascidium umbrinum
waltheri (Kremp.) Körber = Involucropyrenium waltheri
zahlbruckneri (Hasse) J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium stanfordii
CATILLARIA A. Massal.
atomarioides (Müll. Arg.) H. Kilias
(Kocourková et al. 2010)
chalybeia (Borrer) A. Massal.
contristans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Miller
et al. 2005)
cupressi Zahlbr.
erysiboides (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Arthonia carneorufa (Printzen
& Tønsberg 1999)
flavens (Willey) Fink
glauconigrans (Tuck.) Hasse Syn.: Biatora glauconigrans
lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
*lobariicola (Alstrup) Coppins &
Aptroot (Spribillle et al. 2010) Syn. : Phoma lobariicola
muscicola Lynge
nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler Syns.: Bacidia declinis, Biatora
declinis, Bilimbia declinis, Lecidea declinis
patteeana D. P. Waters &
Lendemer (Waters & Lendemer 2019)
picila (A. Massal.) Coppins (McCune
& Rosentreter 2014)
*stereocaulorum (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier
(Zhurbenko 2010)
subnegans (Nyl.) Boistel
subviridis (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
terrena (Willey) Zahlbr.
arctica Lynge = Kiliasia philippea
athallina (Hepp) Hellbom = Kiliasia athallina
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Catinaria atropurpurea
bahusiensis (Blomb.) Th. Fr. = Tylothallia biformigera
biformigera (Leighton) H. Magn. = Tylothallia biformigera
bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera bouteillei
columbiana (G. Merr.) W. Noble = Megalaria columbiana
crystallifera R. Kilias = Bibbya lutosa
endochroma(Fée) Zahlbr. = Catillochroma endochroma
franciscana
(Tuck.) Herre = Lecania franciscana
globulosa
(Flörke) Th. Fr. = Myrionora globulosa
graniformis (K. G. Hagen) Vainio = Cliostomum corrugatum
griffithii (Sm.) Malme = Cliostomum griffithii
groenlandica Lynge = a Lecania sp.
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Körber = Megalaria grossa
*heerii
(Hepp) H. Olivier = Scutula heerii
*herrii (Hepp) Fink (Fink 1935)
Orthographic variant for C. heerii
jemtlandica
Th. Fr. & Almq. = Megalaria
jemtlandica
kansuensis H. Magn. = Kiliasia philippea
laureri Hepp ex Th. Fr. = Megalaria laureri
leptocheila
(Tuck.) Riddle = Megalaria leptocheila
micrococca (Körber) Th. Fr. = Micarea micrococca (Fryday & Coppins 2007)
philippea (Mont.) A. Massal. = Kiliasia
philippea (Thomson 1997)
prasina (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Micarea prasina
pulverea (Borrer) Lettau = Megalaria pulverea
schaereri (Fr.) R. Sant. = Placocarpus schaereri, but a misidentification for
N.A. (McCune et al. 2014b)
sculpturata H. Magn. = Kiliasia sculpturata
sphaeroides (A. Massal.) Schuler = Mycobilimbia pilularis
subnitida Hellbom = Toninia subnitida
subnigrata (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell = a European species
superflua (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = ?Megalaria grossa (Printzen 1995)
tricolor auct. = Cliostomum griffithii
tristis (Müll. Arg.) Arnold = Toninia subnitida
CATILLOCHROMA Kalb (Kalb 2007)
endochromum (Fée) Kalb (Lücking et al. 2011b) Syn.: Catillaria endochroma
albocinctum (Degel.) Kalb = Megalaria albocincta (Fryday & Lendemer 2010)
leptocheilum (Tuck.) Kalb = Megalaria leptocheila (Fryday & Lendemer 2010)
CATINARIA Vainio
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Vězda & Poelt Syns.: Biatora
atropurpurea, Catillaria atropurpurea, Lecidea intermixta, L. intermixta var.
lignaria
brodoana R. C. Harris & W. R.
Buck (Lendemer et al. 2016a)
neuschildii (Körber) P. James
(Waters & Lendemer 2019)
radulae R. C. Harris & W. R.
Buck (Lendemer et al. 2016a)
subcorallina (Zahlbr.) Brako Syn.: Phyllopsora subcorallina
albocincta Degel. = Megalaria albocincta
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Vainio = Megalaria grossa
laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Degel. = Megalaria laureri
leucoplaca auct. = Megalaria grossa
versicolor (Fée) Sipman = Megalaria versicolor
CATOLECHIA Flotow
wahlenbergii (Ach.) Körber Syns.:
Buellia wahlenbergii, B. pulchella
CAVERNULARIA Degel. =
HYPOGYMNIA (Miądlikowska et al. 2011)
hultenii
Degel. = Hypogymnia hultenii
lophyrea
(Ach.) Degel. = Hypogymnia lophyrea
CECIDONIA Triebel & Rambold
*umbonella (Nyl.) Triebel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea umbonella
*xenophana (Körber) Triebel & Rambold (Hinds et al.
2002) Syn.: Lecidea columnata (Coppins
& Fryday 2006b)
CELIDIUM Tul. = ARTHONIA
*varians Arnold = Arthonia varians (Hawksworth 2003)
CELOTHELIUM A. Massal. (Harris 1995a)
aciculiferum (Nyl.) Vainio (Harris 1995a)
CEPHALOPHYSIS (Hertel) H. Kilias
leucospila (Anzi) H. Kilias & Scheid. Syn.: Lecidea ultima
CERCIDOSPORA Körber
*caudata Kernst. (Navarro-Rosinés
et al. 2004)
*cecidiiformans Grube & Hafellner (Hafellner et al. 2002, Spribille
et al. 2010)
*cephalodiorum Triebel & Grube
(Spribille et al 2020)
*cladoniicola Alstrup (Lendemer et
al. 2008c)
#decolorella (Nyl.) O. E. Erikss. & J. Z. Yue
*epicarphinea (Nyl.) Grube & Hafellner
*epipolytropa (Mudd) Arnold
*exiguella (Nyl.) Arnold (Spribille
et al. 2010)
*lobothalliae Nav.-Ros. & Calat.
(Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
*macrospora (Uloth) Hafellner
& Nav.-Ros. (Navarro-Rosinés et al.
2004)
*ochrolechiae Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2013)
*parva Hafellner & Ihlen (Zhurbenko
2020)
*punctillata (Nyl.) R. Sant. (Zhurbenko 2013)
*soror Obermayer & Triebel (McCune & Ponzetti 2005)
*stereocaulorum (Arnold) Hafellner (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*thamnoliae Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2012)
*trypetheliza (Nyl.) Haffellner &
Obermayer Syn.: Neonorrlinia
trypetheliza (McCune & Ponzetti 2005, Weber & Wittmann 2000)
*verrucosaria (Lindsay) Arnold
(Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
*xanthoriae (Wedd.) R. Sant.
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2006)
*ulothii Körber = C.
macrospora (Navarro-Rosinés &
Hafellner 2004)
CEROTHALLIA Arup, Frödén &
Søchting (Arup et al. 2013)
luteoalba (Turner) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca luteoalba
CETRADONIA J.-C. Wei & Ahti (Wei & Ahti 2002)
linearis (Evans) J.-C. Wei & Ahti Syn.: Gymnoderma
linearis, Cladonia linearis
CETRARIA Ach.
aculeata (Schreber) Fr. Syns.: Coelocaulon aculeatum,
Cornicularia aculeata
arenaria Kärnefelt
ericetorum Opiz subsp. ericetorum
ericetorum subsp. reticulata (Räsänen)
Kärnefelt
islandica (L.) Ach. subsp. islandica
islandica subsp. crispiformis (Räsänen)
Kärnefelt
islandica subsp. orientalis (Asahina)
Kärnefelt
kamczatica Savicz
laevigata Rass.
muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt Syn.: Coelocaulon muricatum
nigricans Nyl.
odontella (Ach.) Ach. Syns.: Cornicularia odontella,
Coelocaulon odontellum
agnata (Nyl.) Kristinsson = Melanelia agnata
alaskana C. F. Culb. & W. L. Culb. = Cetrelia alaskana
aleurites (Ach.) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) = Imshaugia aleurites
aleurites var. placorodia
(Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Imshaugia placorodia
andrejevii Oxner = Arctocetraria andrejevii
arborialis (Zahlbr. ) Howard = Tuckermannopsis subalpina
arctica (Hooker f.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Dactylina arctica
atlantica (Tuck.) Du Rietz = Platismatia tuckermanii
aurescens Tuck. = Ahtiana aurescens
californica Tuck. = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis (Räsänen) Räsänen = Vulpicida canadensis
chicitae W. L. Culb. = Cetrelia chicitae
chlorophylla (Willd.) Vainio = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
chrysantha Tuck. = Asahinea chrysantha
ciliaris Ach. = Tuckermannopsis ciliaris
ciliaris Ach. var. halei (W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.) Ahti = Tuckermannopsis
americana
commixta (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Cetrariella commixta
coralligera (W. A. Weber) Hale = Tuckermanella coralligera
crispa (Ach.) Nyl. = C. ericetorum subsp. ericetorum
cucullata (Bellardi) Ach. = Flavocetraria cucullata
culbersonii Hale = Melanelia culbersonii
delisei (Bory ex Schaerer) Nyl. = Cetrariella delisei
elenkinii Krog = Arctocetraria nigricascens
fahlunensis (L.) Schreber = Cetrariella commixta
fastigiata (Delise ex Nyl.) Kärnefelt = Cetrariella fastigiata
fendleri (Nyl.) Tuck. = Tuckermanella fendleri
glauca (L.) Ach. = Platismatia glauca
halei W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. = Tuckermannopsis americana
hepatizon (Ach.) Vainio = Melanelia hepatizon
herrei Imshaug = Platismatia herrei
hiascens (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Cetrariella delisei
idahoensis Essl. = Esslingeriana idahoensis
inermis (Nyl.) Krog = Masonhalea inermis
juniperina (L.) Ach. = Old North American records are Vulpicida canadensis or
V. viridis
juniperina var. jerseyi Gyelnik (Gyelnik 1931) = V. viridis
juniperina var. terrestris Schaerer (Tuckerman 1882) = misidentification for
N.A., possibly Vulpicida canadensis
lacunosa Ach. = Platismatia lacunosa
lacunosa Ach. var. atlantica Tuck. = Platismatia tuckermanii
madreporeformis (Ach.) Müll. Arg. (Tuckerman 1882) = Allocetraria
madreporeformis
merrillii Du Rietz = Kaernefeltia merrillii
nigricascens (Nyl.) Elenkin = Arctocetraria nigricascens
nivalis (L.) Ach. = Flavocetraria nivalis
norvegica (Lynge) Du Rietz = Platismatia norvegica
oakesiana Tuck. = Usnocetraria oakesiana
orbata (Nyl.) Fink = Tuckermannopsis orbata
pallidula Tuck. ex Riddle = Ahtiana pallidula
pinastri (Scop.) Gray = Vulpicida pinastri
platyphylla Tuck. = Tuckermannopsis platyphylla
polyschiza (Nyl.) Jatta = Melanelia hepatizon
ramulosa (Hooker f.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Dactylina ramulosa
richardsonii Hooker = Masonhalea richardsonii
scholanderi Llano = Asahinea scholanderi
scutata (Wulfen) Poetsch = Tuckermannopsis sepincola
scutata auct. = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. = Tuckermannopsis sepincola
sibirica H. Magn. = Arctocetraria nigricascens
simmonsii Krog = Arctocetraria andrejevii
stenophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Platismatia stenophylla
subalpina Imshaug = Tuckermannopsis subalpina
tilesii Ach. = Vulpicida juniperina (Saag et al. 2014)
tristis (Weber ex F. H. Wigg.) Fr. = Cornicularia normoerica (Santesson et al.
2004)
tuckermanii Oakes non Herre = Platismatia tuckermanii
tuckermanii Herre non Oakes = Platismatia herrei
viridis Schwein. = Vulpicida viridis
weberi Essl. = Tuckermanella weberi
CETRARIASTRUM Sipman = HYPOTRACHYNA (Divakar
et al. 2013)
catawbiense (Degel.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. = Hypotrachyna catawbiensis
CETRARIELLA Kärnefelt & A. Thell
commixta (Nyl.) A. Thell & Kärnefelt (Thell et al. 2009) Syns.:
Cetraria commixta, C. fahlunensis, Melanelia commixta
delisei (Schaerer) Kärnefelt & A. Thell Syns.:
Cetraria delisei, C. hiascens
fastigiata (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell Syn.: Cetraria
fastigiata
CETRELIA W. L. Culb. & C. F.
Culb.
alaskana (C. F. Culb. & W. L. Culb.) W. L. Culb. & C.
F. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria alaskana
cetrarioides (Duby) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.
chicitae (W. L. Culb.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Syn.:
Cetraria chicitae
monachorum (Zahlbr.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.
olivetorum (Nyl.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Syns.: Parmelia olivetorum, P. olivaria
CHAENOTHECA Th. Fr.
brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe sulphurea
brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
chlorella (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
chrysocephala (Ach.) Th. Fr.
Syn.: Coniocybe gracilescens
cinerea (Pers.) Tibell
erkahomattiorum Selva (Selva 2013)
ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig.
floridana R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
furfuracea (L.) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe furfuracea
gracilenta (Ach.) Mattsson &
Middelb. Syn.: Cybebe gracilenta (Tibell 2001)
gracillima (Vainio) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe gracillima
hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr.
hygrophila Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
laevigata Nádv.
longispora Reese Naesborg &
Tibell (Reese Naesborg et al. 2019)
nitidula Tibell (Tibell & Koffman 2002)
olivaceorufa Vainio (Rikkinen 1998)
obscura
(G. Merr.) Nádv. Syn.: Calicium obscurum
(Selva & McMullin 2020)
phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr.
selvae
Maloles & McMullin (McMullin et al. 2018)
servitii Nádv. (Selva & Tibell 1999)
sphaerocephala Nádv. (Selva & Tibell 1999)
stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
subroscida (Eitner) Zahlbr.
trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
xyloxena Nádv.
balsamconensis J. L. Allen & McMullin (Allen & McMullin 2015) = C.
obscura (Selva & McMullin 2020)
carthusiae (Harm.) Lettau = C. chlorella
melanophaea (Ach.) Zwackh = C. ferruginea
savonica (Räsänen) Tibell = Chaenothecopsis savonica
schaereri (De Not.) Zahlbr. = C. cinerea
sulphurea (Retz.) Middleb. & Mattsson = C. brachypoda
trichialis var. cinerea (Pers.) Blomb. & Forssell = C. cinerea
CHAENOTHECOPSIS Vainio
+aeruginosa Goward &
E. B. Peterson (Peterson & Goward 2016)
amurensis Titov (Selva 2013)
*arthoniae Tibell (Dillman et al.
2012)
+asperopoda Titov (Selva & Tibell 1999)
*australis Tibell (Selva 2014)
*brevipes Tibell
+claydenii Selva &
Tuovila (Selva & Tuovila 2016)
*consociata (Nádv.) A.F.W. Schmidt
+debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell
+diabolica Rikkinen &
Tuovila (Tuovila et al. 2011, 2012)
*dibbleandersoniarum Selva (Selva 2013)
+dolichocephala Titov
(Selva 2010)
+edbergii Selva & Tibell (Selva & Tibell
1999)
*epithallina Tibell
+eugenia Titov (Selva
& Tuovila 2016)
+exilis Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+fennica (Laurila) Tibell
(Selva 2014)
+haematopus Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+irregularis Titov (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+jordaniana Gockman & Selva (Gockman et al. 2020)
*kalbii Tibell & K. Ryman
(Lendemer et al. 2008c)
*lecanactidis Tibell (Hardman et al.
2016)
+marcineae Selva (Selva 2013)
+montana Rikkinen
(Rikkinen 2003b)
+nana Tibell
*nigra Tibell (Harris & Lendemer
2005, Spribille & Björk 2008)
+nigripunctata Rikkinen
(Rikkinen 2003a)
+nivea (F. Wilson) Tibell
(Hardman et al. 2016)
+norstictica R. C. Harris
(Harris 1995a)
+oregana Rikkinen
(Rikkinen 2003b, Tuovila et al., 2011, 2012)
*ochroleuca (Körber) Tibell & K. Ryman (Selva & Tibell
1999)
+penningtonensis Gockman & Selva (Gockman et al. 2020)
+perforata Rikkinen &
Tuovila (Gockman et al. 2019)
*pilosa Tibell & Kalb (Harris 1995a)
#pusilla (Ach.) A.F.W. Schmidt Syns.: Calicium
pusillum, C. floerkei, C. subpusillum, C. asikkalense
#pusiola (Ach.) Vainio Syns.: Calicium pusiolum,
Mycocalicium pusiolum
+rappii (Nádv.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Mycocalicium rappii
+resinicola Tibell &
Titov (Selva 2010)
+rubescens Vainio
*rubina Tibell (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
+savonica (Räsänen) Tibell Syns.: Mycocalicium
savonicum, Chaenotheca savonica
+sitchensis Rikkinen (Rikkinen 1999)
*subparoica (Nyl.) Tibell (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
+tasmanica Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+tsugae Rikkinen (Rikkinen 1999)
+ussuriensis Titov (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
+vainioana (Nádv.) Tibell
(Hardman et al. 2016)
*viridialba (Kremp.) A.F.W. Schmidt
#viridireagens (Nádv.) A.F.W. Schmidt
#lignicola (Nádv.) A.F.W. Schmidt = C. pusiola
#subpusilla (Vainio) Tibell = C. pusilla
+thujae Rikkinen
(Selva & Tibell 1999) = C. tsugae (Selva 2010)
+zebrina Rikkinen & Tuovila (Tuovila et al. 2011) = C. oregana
(Tuovila et al. 2012)
CHALARA (Corda) P. A. Saccardo
*lobariae Etayo (Zhurbenko &
Dillman 2010)
CHAPSA A. Massal. (Frisch 2006)
alborosella (Nyl.) A. Frisch Syns.: Ocellularia alborosella, Thelotrema
alborosellum (Frisch 2006)
boninensis (Tat. Matsumoto) Rivas
Plata & Mangold (Seavey et al. 2017)
chionostoma (Nyl.) Rivas Plata &
Mangold (Lücking et al. 2011b)
leprocarpa (Nyl.) A. Frisch Syns.: Graphina leptocarpa, Thelotrema
leptocarpum (Frisch 2006)
paralbida (Riddle) Rivas Plata &
Lücking (Seavey et al. 2017)
phlyctidioides (Müll. Arg.) Mangold
(Seavey et al. 2017)
platycarpa (Tuck.) A. Frisch Syns.: Thelotrema platycarpoides, T.
platycarpum (Frisch 2006)
platycarpoides (Tuck.) Breuss &
Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
subpatens (Hale) Mangold (Lücking et al. 2011b)
CHEIROMYCINA B. Sutton
flabelliformis B. Sutton (Tønsberg 2002)
petri D.
Hawksw. & Poelt (McCune et al. 2018, Printzen 2007, Spribille et al. 2020)
CHIODECTON Ach.
malmei Thor
ochroleucum
Zahlbr. = Paraschismatomma ochroleucum (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
californicum Tuck. = Schizopelte crustosa (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
inscriptum (Nyl.) Fink = Sclerophyton inscriptum
montagnaei auct. N.A. = Cryptothecia striata
perplexum Nyl. = Syncesia graphica (Tehler 1996)
rubrocinctum (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Nyl. = Herpothallon rubrocinctum
sanguineum (Sw.) Vainio = Herpothallon rubrocinctum
sphaerale Ach. = misidentification for
North America (Harris 1995a)
subochroleucum
Fink = Dendrographa franciscana (Kocourková et al. 2010; Ertz & Tehler
2011)
CHIONOSPHAERA Cox
*apobasidialis Cox (According to Diederich [1996, and pers. comm.], only
non-lichenicolous specimens are known for North America, and the lichenicolous
specimens from Europe may represent a distinct species.)
CHRISMOFULVEA Marbach
dialyta (Nyl.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia dialyta (Marbach 2000)
pinastri (Erichsen) Marbach Syn.: Buellia pinastri (Marbach
2000)
rubifaciens (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia rubifaciens
(Marbach 2000)
CHROMATOCHLAMYS Trevisan (Nelsen et al. 2017)
muscorum (Fr.) H. Mayrhofer &
Poelt var. muscorum Syn.: Thelenella
muscorum
muscorum var. octospora (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Syn.: Thelenella muscorum var. octosporum
CHRYSOPSORA M. Choisy
testacea (Hoffm.) M. Choisy = Psora testacea, but not in North American flora.
CHRYSOTHRIX Mont.
bergeri LaGreca (LaGreca 2020)
caesia (Flotow) Ertz & Tehler
(Ertz & Tehler 2011) Syns.: Allarthonia caesia, Arthonia caesia, A.
lecideella
candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon Syns.: Lepraria candelaris, L.
flava, L. citrina sens. lat.
chamaecyparicola Lendemer (Lendemer
& Elix 2010)
chlorina (Ach.) J. R. Laundon Syn.: Lepraria chlorina
chrysophthalma (P. James) P. James & J. R. Laundon
(Tønsberg 2002)
granulosa G. Thor (Tønsberg 2004a)
insulizans R. C. Harris & Ladd
(Harris & Ladd 2008)
onokoensis (Wolle) R. C. Harris
& Ladd (Harris & Ladd 2008)
susquehannensis Lendemer & Elix
(Lendemer & Elix 2010)
xanthina (Vainio) Kalb (Harris &
Ladd 2008)
flavovirens
Tønsberg (Harris & Lendemer 2005) North American report is C.
chamaecyparicola
CIPOSIA Marbach
wheeleri (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia wheeleri
(Marbach 2000)
CIRCINARIA Link (Nordin et al. 2010)
arida Owe-Larsson, A. Nordin &
Tibell (Owe-Larsson et al. 2011) Syns.:
Aspicilia desertorum, Lecanora desertorum (American reports only)
caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) A.
Nordin, Savić & Tibell Syns.:
Aspicilia caesiocinerea, Lecanora caesiocinerea
calcarea (L.) A. Nordin, Savić
& Tibell Syns.: Aspicilia calcarea,
Lecanora calcarea
contorta (Hoffm.) A. Nordin,
Savić & Tibell Syns.: Aspicilia
contorta, Lecanora calcarea var. contorta, L. contorta, L. albopruinosa
elmorei (E. D. Rudolph) Owe-Larsson,
A. Nordin & M. Sohrabi (Owe-Larsson et al. 2011) Syn.: Lecanora elmorei
gibbosa (Ach.) A. Nordin, Savić
& Tibell Syns.: Aspicilia gibbosa,
Lecanora gibbosa, L. gibbosula
hispida (Mereschk.) A. Nordin,
Savić & Tibell Syns.: Agrestia
hispida, A. cyphellata, Aspicilia hispida
leprosescens (Sandst.) A. Nordin,
Savić & Tibell Syn.: Aspicilia
leprosescens
rogeri (Sohrabi) Sohrabi (Sohrabi et
al. 2013b) Syn.: Aspicilia rogeri
CIRRENALIA Meyers & R. T. Moore
*lichenicola Pérez-Ort. (Spribille et al. 2020)
CLADIDIUM Hafellner
bolanderi (Tuck.) B. D. Ryan Syns: Lecanora thamnitis, L.
bolanderi
thamnitis (Tuck.) Hafellner = C. bolanderi
CLADINA Nyl. = CLADONIA (Ahti & DePriest 2001)
aberrans (Abbayes) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Cladonia stellaris
alpestris (L.) Nyl. = Cladonia stellaris
arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & W. L. Culb.
= Cladonia arbuscula
arbuscula subsp. beringiana (Ahti) N. S. Golubk. = Cladonia arbuscula subsp.
beringiana
arbuscula subsp. mitis (Sandst.) Burgaz = Cladonia mitis
beringiana (Ahti) Trass = Cladonia arbuscula subsp. beringiana
ciliata (Stirton) Trass var. ciliata = Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata
ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Ahti & M. J. Lai = Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis
conspicua Ahti = Cladonia conspicua
evansii (Abbayes) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Cladonia evansii
impexa B. de Lesd. = Cladonia portentosa
leucophaea (Abbayes) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata
mitis (Sandst.) Mong. = Cladonia mitis
pacifica (Ahti) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Cladonia portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa (Dufour) Follmann = Cladonia portentosa
portentosa subsp. pacifica (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia portentosa
subsp. pacifica f. decolorans
pseudoëvansii (Asahina) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Cladonia pseudoëvansii
rangiferina (L.) Nyl. = Cladonia rangiferina
sandstedei (Abbayes) Ahti = Cladonia sandstedei
stellaris (Opiz) Brodo = Cladonia stellaris
stellaris var. aberrans (Abbayes) Ahti = Cladonia stellaris
stygia (Fr.) Ahti = Cladonia stygia
submitis (A. Evans) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Cladonia submitis
subtenuis (Abbayes) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Cladonia subtenuis
subtenuis f. cinerea (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia subtenuis f. cinerea
tenuis (Flörke) B. de Lesd. = Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis
terrae-novae (Ahti) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Cladonia terrae-novae
CLADONIA P. Browne
abbreviatula G. Merr.
acuminans R. C. Harris (Harris 2009)
acuminata (Ach.) Norrlin
alaskana A. Evans
albonigra Brodo & Ahti (Brodo & Ahti 1996)
alinii Trass (Ahti 1980)
amaurocraea (Flörke) Schaerer
andereggii S. Hammer
anitae W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.
apodocarpa Robbins
appalachensis Yoshim. & Sharp ex
Lendemer & R. C. Harris (Lendemer & Harris 2013b)
arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow subsp. arbuscula Syn.: Cladina
arbuscula
arbuscula subsp. beringiana Ahti Syn.: Cladina arbuscula subsp. beringiana
artuata S. Hammer
asahinae J. W. Thomson
atlantica A. Evans
bacilliformis (Nyl.) Sarnth.
beaumontii (Tuck.) Vainio
bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaerer
borealis S. Stenroos
boryi Tuck.
botryocarpa G. Merr.
botrytes (K. G. Hagen) Willd.
brevis (Sandst.) Sandst.
buckii R. C. Harris
caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke
cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel
carneola (Fr.) Fr.
caroliniana Tuck. Syn.:
Pycnothelia cladinoides
cenotea (Ach.) Schaerer
cervicornis (Ach.) Flotow subsp. cervicornis
chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel
ciliata Stirton Syn.: Cladina ciliata
ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Ahti Syn.: Cladina
ciliata var. tenuis
cinerella Ahti (Ahti 2000, Seavey 2010[2011])
coccifera (L.) Willd.
concinna Ahti & Goward (Ahti
2007)
coniocraea (Flörke) Sprengel
conista (Nyl.) Robbins (Pino-Bodas
et al. 2012)
conspicua (Ahti) Ahti Syn.: Cladina conspicua
cornuta (L.) Hoffm. subsp. cornuta
cornuta subsp. groenlandica (E. Dahl) Ahti
crispata (Ach.) Flotow var. crispata
crispata var. cetrariiformis (Delise) Vainio
cristatella Tuck.
cryptochlorophaea Asahina
cyanipes (Sommerf.) Nyl.
cylindrica (A. Evans) A. Evans
dactylota Tuck.
dahliana Kristinsson
decorticata (Flörke) Sprengel
deformis (L.) Hoffm.
didyma (Fée) Vainio
didyma var. vulcanica (Zoll. & Moritzi)
Vainio
digitata (L.) Hoffm.
dimorpha S. Hammer
dimorphoclada Robbins
ecmocyna Leighton subsp. ecmocyna
ecmocyna subsp. intermedia (Robbins) Ahti
ecmocyna subsp. occidentalis Ahti (Brodo
& Ahti 1996)
evansii Abbayes Syn.: Cladina evansii
extracorticata S. Hammer
farinacea (Vainio) A. Evans
fimbriata (L.) Fr.
firma (Nyl.) Nyl.
floerkeana (Fr.) Flörke
floridana Vainio
furcata (Hudson) Schrader
glauca Flörke
gracilis (L.) Willd. subsp. gracilis
gracilis subsp. elongata (Jacq.) Vainio
gracilis subsp. turbinata (Ach.) Ahti
gracilis subsp. vulnerata Ahti
granulans Vainio
grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst.
homosekikaica Nuno
humilis (With.) J. R. Laundon
hypoxantha Tuck.
ignatii Ahti, Pino-Bodas & J. W.
McCarthy (Ahti et al. 2018)
imbricarica Kristinsson
incrassata Flörke
islandica Kristinsson & Ahti
(Pino-Bodas et al. 2015)
jakutica Ahti (McCune et al. 2009)
jaliscana Ahti & Guzm.-Dáv. (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
kanewskii Oxner
krogiana Løfall & Timdal (Clayden
et al. 2021)
labradorica Ahti & Brodo
lacryma S. Hammer (Hammer 2001)
leporina Fr.
libifera Savicz (McCune et al. 2009; Hansen & Ahti 2011)
luteoalba Wheldon & A. Wilson
macilenta Hoffm.
macilenta var. bacillaris (Ach.) Schaerer
macroceras (Delise) Ahti
macrophylla (Schaerer) Stenh.
macrophyllodes Nyl.
magyarica Vainio
maritima K. Knudsen & Lendemer
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2009a)
mateocyatha Robbins
maxima (Asahina) Ahti
merochlorophaea Asahina
mitis Sandst. Syns.: Cladina mitis, Cladina arbuscula
subsp. mitis (Stenroos et al. 2016)
monomorpha Aptroot, Sipman & van
Herk (Kowalewska et al. 2008)
multiformis G. Merr.
nana Vainio
nashii Ahti (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
nipponica Asahina
nitens Ahti (Ahti 2007)
norvegica Tønsberg & Holien
novochlorophaea (Sipman) Brodo & Ahti (Brodo & Ahti
1996)
ochrochlora Flörke
oricola Ahti & S. Stenroos (Ahti
& Stenroos 2008)
pachycladodes Vainio
parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm.
perforata A. Evans
perlomera Kristinsson
petrophila R. C. Harris
peziziformis (With.) J. R. Laundon
phyllophora Hoffm.
piedmontensis G. Merr.
pleurota (Flörke) Schaerer
pocillum (Ach.) O. J. Rich.
poroscypha S. Hammer
portentosa (Dufour) Coem. Syn.: Cladina portentosa
portentosa subsp. pacifica (Ahti) Ahti Syn.:
Cladina portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans
Ahti Syn.: Cladina portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans
prolifica Ahti & S. Hammer
prostrata A. Evans
pseudalcicornis Asahina (Ahti 2007)
pseudoëvansii Asahina
Syn.: Cladina pseudoëvansii
pulvinella S. Hammer
pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.
ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon
rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. Syn.: Cladina rangiferina
rangiformis Hoffm. (Clayden et al. 2021)
rappii A. Evans
ravenelii Tuck.
rei Schaerer (Syrek
& Kukwa 2008, Dolnik et al. 2010, Pino-Bodas et al. 2010)
robbinsii A. Evans
sandstedei Abbayes Syn.: Cladina sandstedei
santensis Tuck.
scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl.
scotteri Ahti & E. S. Hansen
(Hansen & Ahti 2011)
simulata Robbins
singularis S. Hammer
squamosa Hoffm.
squamosa var. subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leighton)
Vainio
stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vězda Syn.: Cladina
stellaris
stipitata Lendemer & Hodkinson (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2009)
straminea (Sommerf.) Flörke (Timdal & Tønsberg 2012)
strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot
stricta (Nyl.) Nyl.
stygia (Fr.) Ruoss Syn.: Cladina stygia
subcariosa Nyl. (Ahti 2000)
subfimbriata Ahti (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
subfurcata (Nyl.) Arnold
submitis A. Evans Syn.: Cladina submitis
subradiata (Vainio) Sandst.
subsetacea Robbins ex A. Evans
subsquamosa Kremp.
subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick Syn.: Cladina subtenuis
subtenuis f. cinerea Ahti Syn.: Cladina
subtenuis f. cinerea
subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg.
sulphurina (Michaux) Fr.
symphycarpa (Flörke) Fr. (Ahti 2000, Hansen & Ahti 2011)
terrae-novae Ahti Syn.: Cladina terrae-novae
thiersii S. Hammer
thomsonii Ahti
transcendens (Vainio) Vainio
trassii Ahti (Ahti 1998)
turgida Ehrh. ex Hoffm.
uliginosa (Ahti) Ahti (Ahti 1998)
umbricola Tønsberg & Ahti
uncialis (L.) F. H. Wigg. subsp. uncialis (Stenroos et al. 2015)
uncialis subsp. biuncialis (Hoffm.) M. Choisy (Stenroos et al. 2015)
verruculosa (Vainio) Ahti
verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaerer
(Ahti, in litt.)
wainioi Savicz
aberrans (Abbayes) Stuckenb. = Cladonia stellaris
acuminata var. norrlinii (Vainio) Lynge = C. acuminata
alcicornis (Lightf.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1882)
= Cladonia foliacea, but a misidentification for N.A.
alpestris (L.) Rabenh. = C. stellaris
alpestris f. aberrans Abbayes = C. stellaris
alpicola (Flotow) Vainio = C. macrophylla
anomaea (Ach.) Ahti & P. James = C. ramulosa
arbuscula subsp.
mitis (Sandst.) Ruoss (Piercey-Normore et al.
2010) = Cladonia
mitis (Stenroos et al. 2016)
bacillaris (Ach.) Genth = C. macilenta var. bacillaris
balfourii auct. = C. subradiata
balfourii Crombie = C. macilenta
blakei Robbins = C. coccifera
borbonica (Delise) Nyl. North American
reports are C. cylindrica (Evans 1950)
botryoides (Tuck.) Vainio = C. squamosa (Ahti et al. 2016)
calycantha Delise ex Nyl. = C. rappii for North American records.
capitata (Michaux) Sprengel = C. peziziformis
carassensis Vainio = misidentification for North America
carneola (Fr.) Fr. var. cyanipes Sommerf.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia cyanipes
cenotea (Ach.) Schaerer var. furcellata Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity
uncertain.
cerasphora Vainio (Fink 1935) = C. stricta (Ahti 1998)
cerasphora auct. = C. trassii (Ahti, in litt.)
cervicornis subsp. verticillata
(Hoffm.) Ahti = Cladonia verticillata (Ahti, in litt.)
cetrarioides
Schwein. ex Tuck. (Fink 1935) = C. leporina (Lendemer & Hewitt 2002)
cladinoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Cladonia caroliniana
clavulifera Vainio = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
conistea auct. = C. humilis
conoidea Ahti = C. humilis
cornucopioides auct. (Mohr 1901) = C. coccifera
cornutoradiata (Leighton) Sandst. = C. subulata
corymbosula Nyl. (Fink 1935) Apparent
misidentification for North America (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
crinita Bertol. = C. evansii (Ahti et al. 2016)
cristatella Tuck. var. ramosa Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) = C. cristatella
cyathomorpha «(Evans) Evans» (Qian & Klinka 1998) = misidentification for
North America
degenerans (Flörke) Sprengel = C. phyllophora
delessertii Vainio = C. subfurcata
delicata auct. = C. parasitica
diversa Asperges (Lendemer 2006) = misidentification for North America (Ahti,
in litt.)
elongata auct. non (Jacq.) Hoffm. = misidentification for North America,
possibly C. macroceras or C. maxima,
elongata (Jacq.) Hoffm. = C. gracilis var. elongata
endoxantha Vainio (Fink 1935) = C. hypoxantha (Thomson 1967)
exasperatula G. Merr. (Fink 1935) = C. beaumontii (Tuck.) Vainio (Thomson 1967)
fimbriata (L.) Fr. var. radiata (Willd.) Cromb. (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia
subulata
fimbriata var. tubaeformis (Hoffm.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain.
flabelliformis Vainio = C. polydactyla
flavescens Vainio = misidentification for North America
foliacea (Hudson) Willd. = misidentification for North America
furcata (Hudson) Schrader var. crispata (Ach.) Flörke (Tuckerman 1882)=
Cladonia crispata
furcata var. pungens Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia scabriuscula
furcata var. racemosa (Hoffm.) Flörke (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia furcata
furcata subsp. subrangiformis auct. N. Am. = C. furcata (Ahti, in litt.)
furcata var. subulata Flotow (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain.
gonecha (Ach.) Asahina = C. sulphurina
gracilescens auct. = C. stricta
graciliformis Zahlbr. North American
reports are errors, mostly representing C. bellidiflora (Dillman et al. 2012)
gracilis (L.) Nyl. f. cervicornis Flörke (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia
cervicornis
gracilis var. elongata Fr.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia gracilis subsp. elongata
gracilis var. hybrida
Schaerer (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia gracilis
gracilis subsp. nigripes (Nyl.) Ahti = C. gracilis subsp. elongata
gracilis f. symphycarpia Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia gracilis
gracilis var. verticillata
Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia verticillata
hammeri Ahti (Ahti & Hammer
2002) = C. pulvinella (Pino-Bodas et al. 2013)
herrei Fink ex J. Hedrick = C. furcata
heteromorpha G. Merr. (Fink 1935) = Pycnothelia papillaria (Laundon 1986)
hookeri Tuck. = C. bellidiflora
hookeri sensu J. W. Thomson = C. graciliformis
humilis var. bourgeanica A.W. Archer = C. conista
innominata
Lendemer (Lendemer 2008) = C. conista (Pino-Bodas et al. 2012)
invisa Robbins = C. ochrochlora
japonica Vainio = C. crispata
lepidota auct. = C. trassii (Ahti, in litt.)
leptothallina G. Merr. = C. peziziformis
linearis A. Evans = Cetradonia linearis
macroptera Räsänen = C. scabriuscula (fide T. Ahti)
major (K. G. Hagen) Sandst. = C. fimbriata
merochlorophaea var. novochlorophaea Sipman = C. novochlorophaea
metacorallifera Asahina = C. straminea
(Timdal & Tønsberg 2012)
microphylliza G. Merr. (Fink 1935) = C. beaumontii (Thomson 1967)
mitrula Tuck. = C. peziziformis
nanodes Robbins ex Sandst. = nom. invalid., identity uncertain
nemoxyna (Ach.) Arnold = C. rei
norrlinii Vainio = C. acuminata var. acuminata
palamaea (Ach.) Fink (Fink 1935) = C. furcata (Thomson 1967)
paludicola (Tuck.) G. Merr. (Fink 1935) = incrassata (Thomson 1967)
papillaria (Ehrh.) Hoffm. = Pycnothelia papillaria
pityrea (Flörke) Fr. = C. ramulosa
polycarpia G. Merr. = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
polycarpoides Nyl. = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
polydactyla (Flörke) Sprengel = misidentification for North America, mostly
refers to C. umbricola (fide T. Ahti)
pseudodigitata Gyelnik = C. coccifera
pseudohondoensis Asahina = misidentification for North America
pseudomacilenta Asahina = misidentification for North America
pseudorangiformis Asahina = C. wainioi
pseudostellata Asahina (Spribille et al. 2010) = C. uncialis subsp. uncialis
(Stenroos et al. 2015)
psoromica J. P. Dey = C. dimorphoclada Robbins (Ahti 2000)
pulchella Schwein. (Mohr 1901) = C. didyma
pycnoclada (Gaudich.) Nyl. =
misidentification for North America (Ahti 1961)
pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. var. pocillum (Ach.)
Flotow (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia pocillum
rangiferina (L.) Weber ex
F.H. Wigg. var. alpestris Schrader (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia alpestris
rangiferina var. sylvatica L.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia portentosa
rappii var. exilior (Abbayes) Ahti = C. rappii var. rappii
reticulata (Russell) Vainio (Fink 1935) = C. boryi (Thomson 1967)
santensis Tuck. var. beaumontii Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia beaumontii
schofieldii
Ahti & Brodo (Brodo & Ahti 1996) = C. pseudalcicornis
sobolescens Nyl. ex Vainio = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
stellaris
var. aberrans
(Abbayes) ined. = C. stellaris (Ahti, in litt.)
stenophyllodes Vainio (Fink 1935) =
misidentification for North America
stricta var. uliginosa Ahti = C. uliginosa
subapodocarpa Harris, nomen nudum (Hale 1979) = Cladonia petrophila
subcervicornis (Vainio) Kernst. =
misidentification for North America
subclavulifera Asahina = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
subrangiformis auct. N. Am. = C. furcata
subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leighton) Crombie nom. illeg. = C. squamosa var. subsquamosa
subsubulata Nyl. = misidentification for North America
sylvatica nom. utique rej. s. auct. = C. arbuscula subsp. arbuscula (Ahti, in
litt., Stenroos et al. 2016)
symphycarpa (Flörke) Fr. var. epiphylla (Ach.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity
uncertain.
theiophila Asahina = C. vulcani, but not present in North America
turgida (Ehrh.) Hoffm. var. conspicua (Schaerer) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) =
Cladonia turgida
uncialis (L.) Fr. var. caroliniana (Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Cladonia
caroliniana
vulcani Savicz = misidentification
for North America
vulcanica Zoll. & Moritzi = C. didyma var. vulcanica
yunnana (Vainio) Abbayes ex J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang = misidentification for
North America
CLADOPHIALOPHORA Borelli (Diederich et al. 2013)
*megalosporae Diederich (Diederich
et al. 2013)
*parmeliae (Etayo & Diederich)
Diederich & Unter. (Kocourková & Knudsen 2009d) Syn.: Sclerococcum
parmeliae
CLATHROPORINA Müll. Arg.
isidiifera R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
subpungens (Malme) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
tetracerae (Ach.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
+amygdalina sensu Fink = Julella sublactea (Harris 1995a).
confinis Müll. Arg. = Porina nuculastrum (Harris 1995a)
diphloea Zahlbr. = Astrothelium megaspermum
+exiguella Zahlbr. = Julella sublactea (Harris 1995a)
nuculastrum Müll. Arg. = Porina nuculastrum (Harris 1995a)
CLAUROUXIA D. Hawksw.
chalybeioides (Nyl.) D. Hawksw.
(Fyday 2010)
CLAUZADEA Hafellner & Bellem.
chondrodes (A. Massal.) Clauzade
& Cl. Roux (Lendemer et al. 2013)
immersa (Hoffm.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.: Biatora
calcivora, Lecidea calcivora
metzleri (Körber) Clauzade & Cl.
Roux ex D. Hawksw. (Hansen 2003)
monticola (Ach.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.: Lecidea monticola, L. fuscorubens,
Protoblastenia monticola
CLAUZADEANA Cl. Roux
macula (Taylor) Coppins & Rambold (Hertel 1991) Syn.:
Lecanora morioides
CLAVASCIDIUM Breuss (Breuss 1996)
lacinulatum (Ach.) M. Prieto var. lacinulatum (Prieto et al. 2012) Syns.:
Catapyrenium lacinulatum, Placidium lacinulatum
lacinulatum var. atrans (Breuss) M. Prieto (Prieto et
al. 2012)
lacinulatum var. erythrostrum (Breuss) M. Prieto (Prieto
et al. 2012)
umbrinum (Breuss) Breuss Syn.: Placidium umbrinum (Prieto et al. 2012)
CLIOSTOMUM Fr.
corrugatum (Ach.: Fr.) Fr. Syn.: Catillaria graniformis
flavidulum Hafellner & Kalb (Tønsberg 1997)
griffithii (Sm.) Coppins Syns.: Biatora griffithii, B. mixta,
Catillaria griffithii, C. tricolor auct., Lecidea tricolor
leprosum (Räsänen) Holien & Tønsberg
spribillei Goward & Tønsberg
(Tønsberg & Goward 2016)
tenerum (Nyl.) Coppins & S.
Ekman (Ekman 1997) Syns.: Lecania
tenera, Lecanora tenera
vitellinum Gowan
graniforme (K. G. Hagen) Coppins = C. corrugatum
luteolum Gowan = C. leprosum
pallens (Kullhem) S. Ekman = Coppinsidea pallens (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
CLYPEOCOCCUM D. Hawksw.
*bisporum Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2009b)
*grossum (Körber) D. Hawksw.
*hypocenomycis D. Hawksw.
*placopsiiphilum
Øvstedal & D. Hawksw. (Spribille et al. 2020)
*epicrassum (H. Olivier) Hafellner & Nav..-Ros. According to Hawkworth (1986), our records
probably based on Polycoccum squamarioides
COCCOCARPIA Pers.
domingensis Vainio
erythroxyli (Sprengel) Swinscow & Krog
filiformis Arv. (Kaminsky et al. 2013)
palmicola (Sprengel) Arv. & D. J. Galloway Syn.: Pannaria
molybdaea var.
cronia
pellita (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
(Kaminsky et al. 2013)
prostrata Lücking, Aptroot &
Sipman (Lücking et al. 2007)
stellata Tuck. Syns.: Pannaria stellata, Parmeliella stellata
asterella (Nyl.) Vainio = C. stellata
cronia (Tuck.) Vainio = C. palmicola
incisa Pers. = Fuscopannaria
incisa
parmelioides (Hooker) Tuck. ex M. A. Curtis = C. erythroxyli
COCCOTREMA Müll. Arg.
hahriae T. Sprib. & Tønsberg
(Spribille et al. 2010)
maritimum Brodo
pocillarium (Cummings) Brodo Syn.: Ochrolechia pacifica
minutum
(Degel.) R. Sant. (Spribille et al. 2010) = Ochrolechia minuta (Spribille et
al. 2020)
COELOCAULON Link
aculeatum (Schreber) Link = Cetraria aculeata
divergens (Ach.) R. Howe = Bryocaulon divergens
muricatum (Ach.) J. R. Laundon = Cetraria muricata
odontellum (Ach.) R. Howe = Cetraria odontella
COENOGONIUM Ehrenb.
congensis C. W. Dodge (Lücking et al. 2011b)
disjunctum Nyl.
geralense (P. Henn) Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
implexum Nyl.
interplexum Nyl.
interpositum Nyl.
isidiatum (G. Thor & Vězda)
Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
isidiiferum (Lücking) Lücking (Seavey &
Seavey 2014a)
isidiigerum (Vězda &
Osorio) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (Seavey & Seavey 2012)
isidiosum (Breuss) Rivas Plata, Lücking, Umaña & Chavez (Seavey & Seavey
2012)
linkii Ehrenb.
luteocitrinum Rivas Plata, Lücking
& Umaña (Lücking et al. 2011b)
lutescens (Vězda & Malcolm)
Malcolm (Seavey et al. 2014)
luteum (Dickson) Kalb & Lücking Syns.: Dimerella lutea (Lücking & Kalb
2000), Gyalecta lutea, Microphiale lutea
maritimum F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey et al. 2017)
missouriense J. Davis
moniliforme Tuck.
nepalense (G. Thor & Vězda)
Lücking (Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
pineti (Ach.) Lücking & Lumbsch (Lücking, Stuart &
Lumbsch 2004) Syns. Dimerella pineti, D.
diluta, Microphiale diluta
pusillum (Mont.) Lücking, Aptroot
& Sipman (Seavey et al. 2014)
pyrophthalmum (Mont.) Lücking
(Seavey et al. 2017)
roumeguerianum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb
(Seavey et al. 2014)
stenosporum (Malme) Lücking, Aptroot
& Sipman (Seavey et al. 2014)
subdentatum (Vězda & G.
Thor) Rivas Plata, Lücking, Umaña & Chavez
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
subdilutum (Malme) Lücking, Aptroot
& Sipman (Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
subfallaciosum (Vězda &
Farkas) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
COLLEMA F. H. Wigg.
coniophilum Goward (Spribille et al.
2009)
curtisporum Degel.
flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Synechoblastus rupestris
furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz
furfuraceum var. luzonense (Räsänen) Degel.
glebulentum (Nyl. ex Crombie) Degel.
leptaleum Tuck.
Syns.: Synechoblastus leptaleus,
S. microptychius
nigrescens (Hudson) DC.
Syn.: Synechoblastus nigrescens
pulchellum Ach. Syn.:
Leptogium pulchellum
pulchellum var. leucopeplum (Tuck.) Degel.
pulchellum var. subnigrescens (Müll. Arg.)
Degel.
pustulatum Ach.
ryssoleum (Tuck.) A. Schneider
Syn.: Synechoblastus ryssoleus
subflaccidum Degel.
subnigrescens Degel.
subparvum Degel.
texanum Tuck. Syns.: Synechoblastus texanus, S. laciniatus
thamnodes Riddle
apalachense Tuck. = Scytinium apalachense (Otálora
et al. 2014)
arcticum Lynge = Rostania ceranisca
aggregatum (Ach.) Röhl = Gabura fasciculare
auriculatum Hoffm. = Lathagrium auriforme
auriforme
(With.) Coppins & J. R. Laundon = Lathagrium auriforme (Otálora et al. 2014)
bachmanianum
(Fink) Degel. = Enchylium bachmanianum (Otálora et al. 2014)
bermudanum Tuck. ex Riddle = C. pustulatum (Degelius 1974)
bermudiana Tuck. ex Riddle (Fink 1935)
Orthographic variant of C. bermudanum
callibotrys
Tuck. = Rostania callibotrys (Otálora et al. 2014)
callopismum
A. Massal. = Scytinium callopismum (Otálora et al. 2014)
callopismum
var. rhyparodes
(Nyl.) Degel. = Scytinium callopismum
ceraniscum
Nyl. = Rostania ceranisca (Otálora et al. 2014)
chalazanum Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lempholemma chalazanum
cheileum (Ach.) Ach. = Blennothallia crispa
cladodes Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lempholemma cladodes
coccophorum
Tuck. = Enchylium coccophorum (Otálora et al. 2014)
conglomeratum
Hoffm. = Enchylium conglomeratum (Otálora et al. 2014)
conglomeratum
var. corynesporum
(Malme) Degel. = Enchylium conglomeratum
conglomeratum
var. crassiusculum
(Malme) Degel. = Enchylium conglomeratum
crispum
(Hudson) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. = Blennothallia crispa (Otálora et al. 2014)
cristatellum Tuck. = Enchylium tenax
cristatum
(L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. = Lathagrium cristatum (Otálora et al. 2014)
cristatum
var. marginale
(Hudson) Degel. = Lathagrium cristatum
cyrtaspis Tuck. = Enchylium conglomeratum
dichotomum
(With.) Coppins & J. R. Laundon =Lathagrium dichotomum (Otálora et al. 2014)
dubium B. de Lesd. = Enchylium coccophorum (Otálora
et al. 2014)
fasciculare
(L.) F. H. Wigg. = Gabura fascicularis (Jørgensen 2014)
fayettense Fink = C. pustulatum
fecundum
Degel. = Blennothallia fecunda (Otálora et al. 2014)
fluviatile (Hudson) Steudel = Lathagrium. dichotomum
fragrans
(Sm.) Ach. = Scytinium fragrans (Otálora et al. 2014)
furvum (Ach.) Ach. = Lathagrium fuscovirens (Otálora
et al. 2014)
fuscovirens
(With.) J. R. Laundon = Lathagrium fuscovirens (Otálora et al. 2014)
glaucescens Hoffm. = Enchylium limosum
granosum auct. = C. auriforme
kauaiense
H. Magn. = Scytinium kauaiense (Otálora et al. 2014)
laciniatum Nyl. = C. texanum
leucocarpum Hooker & Taylor = misidentification for North America
leucopeplum (Tuck.) A. Schneider = C. pulchellum var. leucopeplum
limosum
(Ach.) Ach. = Enchylium limosum (Otálora et al. 2014)
melaenum (Ach.) Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lathagrium cristatum
melaenum var. polycarpon (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Enchylium polycarpum
microphyllum Ach. = Scytinium fragrans
microptychium Tuck. = C. leptaleum
multipartitum Sm. =
Callome multipartita (Otálora et al. 2014)
myriococcum (Ach.) Ach. = Lempholemma polyanthes
nigrescens (Hudson) DC. var. leucopeplum Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Collema
pulchellum var. leucopeplum
novomexicanum
B. de Lesd. = Enchylium coccophorum
nylanderianum Zahlbr. = C. texanum
occultatum Bagl. =
Rostania occultata (Otálora et al. 2014)
occultatum var. populinum (Th. Fr.) Degel. = Rostania occultata
ohioense
(Fink) Zahlbr. = Enchylium conglomeratum
plicatile (Ach.) Ach. = Scytinium plicatile (Otálora et al. 2014)
polycarpon Hoffm. =
Enchylium polycarpon (Otálora et al. 2014)
pulposum
(Bernh.) Ach. = Enchylium tenax
pycnocarpum Nyl. = Enchylium conglomeratum
quadrifidum D. F. Stone & McCune (Stone & McCune 2010) = Scytinium quadrifidum (Koŝuthová et al. 2019)
rugosum Kremp. Not known from North
America.
stenophyllum Nyl. = Lathagrium dichotomum
subfurfuraceum Degel. = C. furfuraceum var. luzonense
subfurvum sensu Degelius = C. subflaccidum Degel.
subfurvum (Müll. Arg.) Degel. = C.
rugosum, but this taxon is not known from North America.
tenax
(Sw.) Ach. = Enchylium tenax (Otálora et al. 2014)
tenax
var. ceranoides
(Borrer) Degel. = Enchylium tenax
tenax
var. corallinum
(A. Massal.) Degel. = Enchylium tenax
tenax
var. crustaceum
(Kremp.) Degel. = Enchylium tenax
tenax var. expansum Degel. = Enchylium expansum (Jørgensen & Goward 2014b)
tenax
var. substellatum
(H. Magn.) Degel. = Enchylium tenax
tuniforme (Ach.) Ach. = Lathagrium fuscovirens
undulatum
Laurer ex Flotow = Lathagrium undulatum (Otálora
et al. 2014)
undulatum
var. granulosum
Degel. = Lathagrium undulatum var. granulosum
verruciforme auct. = excluded as doubtful
COLLEMODES Fink = COLLEMA
bachmanianum Fink = Enchylium bachmanianum
COLLEMOPSIDIUM Nyl.
angermannicum (Degel.) A. Nordin Syn.: Pyrenocollema
strontianense (Nordin 2002)
bryospilum (Nyl.) Coppins Syn.: Arthopyrenia bryospilum (Fryday 2004a)
elegans (R. Sant.) Grube & B. D. Ryan (Grube & Ryan
2002) Syn.: Pyrenocollema elegans
foveolatum (A. L. Sm.) F. Mohr
(Dillman et al. 2012)
halodytes (Nyl.) Grube & B. D. Ryan (Grube & Ryan
2002) Syns.: Arthopyrenia halodytes, Pyrenocollema halodytes
sublitorale (Leighton) Grube & B. D. Ryan (Grube &
Ryan 2002) Syns.: Arthopyrenia sublitoralis, A. litoralis auct., Pyrenocollema
sublitorale
COLLEMOPSIS Nyl. ex Crombie
segregata Nyl. ex Hasse = Lempholemma chalazanum
COMBEA De Not.
californica (Th. Fr.) Follmann & M. Geyer = Schizopelte californica
CONIAMBIGUA Etayo & Diederich
*phaeographidis Etayo & Diederich (Diederich 2003)
CONIARTHONIA Grube
gregarina (Willey) Grube (Grube 2001) Syns: Arthonia
gregarina, Arthothelium gregarinum
pyrrhula (Nyl.) Grube (Grube 2001) Syn.: Arthonia pyrrhula
CONIOCARPON DC. (Van den Broeck et
al. 2018)
tuckermanianum (Willey) Van den
Broeck & Ertz Syn.: Arthonia tuckermaniana
CONIOCYBE Ach.
furfuracea (L.) Ach. = Chaenotheca furfuracea
gracilescens Willey = Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Selva 2004)
gracillima Vainio = Chaenotheca gracillima
nivea (Hoffm.) Arnold non Tuck. & Mont. = Sclerophora nivea
pallida (Pers.) Fr. = Sclerophora nivea
sulphurea (Retz.) Nyl. = Chaenotheca brachypoda
CONIOCYBOPSIS
Vainio
arenaria (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Vainio = Microcalicium arenarium
CONOTREMA Tuck.
albonigrum Zahlbr. = Trinathotrema
stictideum
urceolatum
(Ach.) Tuck. = Stictis urceolatum
CONSTRICTOLUMINA Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot
cinchonae (Ach.) Lücking, M. P.
Nelsen & Aptroot Syns: Arthopyrenia
cinchonae, Pyrenula cinchonae (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
leucostoma (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, M.
P. Nelsen & Aptroot Syn.:
Arthopyrenia confluens (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
lyrata (R. C. Harris) Lücking, M. P.
Nelsen & Aptroot Syn.: Arthopyrenia
lyrata (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
majuscula (Nyl.) Lücking, M. P.
Nelsen & Aptroot Syn.: Arthopyrenia
majuscula (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
malaccitula (Nyl.) Lücking, M. P.
Nelsen & Apttroot Syn.: Arthopyrenia
malaccitula (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
planorbis (Ach.) Lücking, M. P.
Nelsen & Aptroot Syn.: Arthopyrenia
planorbis (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
COPPINSIDEA S.Y. Kondr., E. Farkas & L.
Lőkös (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
croatica (Zahlbr.) S.Y. Kondr., E. Farkas & L. Lőkös Syn.: Lecania croatica
pallens (Kullhem) S.Y. Kondr., E. Farkas & L. Lőkös Syns.: Bacidia pallens, Biatora pallens,
Cliostomum pallens
sphaerella (Hedl.) S.Y. Kondr., E. Farkas & L. Lőkös Syn.: Lecidea sphaerella
vainioana S.Y. Kondr., E. Farkas & L. Lőkös Syns.: Biatora sphaeroidiza, Lecidea
sphaeroidiza
CORA Fr. (Lawrey et al. 2009)
timucua
Dal Forno, Kaminsky & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2020)
glabrata (Sprengel) Fr. = Cora timucua, for North American reports
pavonia (Sw.) Fr. = Cora timucua, for North
American reports
CORISCIUM Vainio = LICHENOMPHALIA
viride (Ach.) Vainio = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
CORNICULARIA (Schreber) Hoffm.
normoerica (Gunn.) Du Rietz
aculeata (Schreber) Ach. = Cetraria aculeata
californica (Tuck.) Du Rietz = Kaernefeltia californica
divergens Ach. = Bryocaulon divergens
fibrillosa (Ach.) Halsey = Bryoria furcellata
muricata (Ach.) Ach. = Cetraria muricata
odontella (Ach.) Westend. = Cetraria odontella
pseudosatoana Asahina = Bryocaulon pseudosatoanum
CORNUTISPORA Piroz.
*ciliata Kalb (Cole & Hawksw. 2001)
*intermedia Punith & D. Hawksw. (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*lichenicola
D. Hawksw. & B. Sutton (Kalb et al. 1995)
*pyramidalis Etayo (McMullin et al.
2017, Seaward et al. 2017) = Spirographa pyramidalis (Flakus et al. 2019)
CORTICIFRAGA D. Hawksw. & R.
Sant.
*chugachiana Zhurb. (Zhurbenko
2007a)
*fuckelii (Rehm) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. Syn.: Phragmonaevia
fuckelii
*nephromatis
Pérez-Ort. (Spribille et al. 2020)
*peltigerae (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. (Alstrup &
Cole 1998)
*santessonii Zhurb. & Zavarzin
(Zhurbenko 2007a)
*scrobiculatae Pérez-Ortega
(Spribille et al. 2010)
CORYNESPORA Güssow
laevistipitata (M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw.)
Heuchert & U. Braun Syn.:
Taeniolella laevistipitata (Heuchert & Braun 2006)
CRATIRIA Marbach (Marbach 2000)
americana (Fée) Kalb & Marbach Syn.: Buellia modesta
lauricassiae (Fée) Marbach Syn.: Buellia lauricassiae
melanochlora (Kremp.) Marbach
Syn.: Buellia melanochlora
CRESPOA (D. Hawksw.) Lendemer &
Hodkinson (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2012)
crozalsiana (B. de Lesd. ex Harm.)
Lendemer & Hodkinson (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2012) Syns.: Canoparmelia crozalsiana,
Parmelia crozalsiana, Pseudoparmelia crozalsiana
CRESPONEA Egea & Torrente
chloroconia (Tuck.) Egea & Torrente Syn.: Lecanactis
chloroconia, L. premnea var. chloroconia
flava (Vainio) Egea & Torrente (Harris 1995a)
leprieurii (Mont.) Egea & Torrente
premnea (Ach.) Egea & Torrente Syn.: Lecanactis premnea
premnea var. saxicola (Leighton) Egea &
Torrente
proximata (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente
CROCODIA Link (Galloway & Elix 2013)
aurata (Ach.) Link Syns.: Pseudocyphellaria aurata, Sticta
aurata
CROCYNIA (Ach.) A. Massal.
aliciae Hue = Lepraria finkii (fide J. Lendemer)
alpina B. de Lesd. = Leparia neglecta
americana B. de Lesd. = Lepraria finkii (fide J. Lendemer)
finkii B. de Lesd. = Lepraria finkii
gossypina (Sw.) A. Massal. = Phyllopsora
gossypina (Kistenich et al. 2018)
membranacea
(Dickson) Zahlbr. = Lepraria membranacea
moxleyi Plitt = non-lichenized Septobasidium sp.
neglecta (Nyl.) Hue = Lepraria neglecta
pyxinoides Nyl. = Phyllopsora pyxinoides (Kistenich et al. 2018)
CRYPTODISCUS Corda
*cladoniicola (D. Hawksw. & R.
Sant.) Pino-Botas, Zhurb. & S. Stenroos
Syn.: Lettauia cladoniicola (Pino-Bodas et al. 2017)
*epicladonia Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas
(Pino-Bodas et al. 2017)
*galaninae Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas
(Pino-Bodas et al. 2017)
gloeocapsa (Nitschke ex Arnold)
Baloch, Gilenstam & Wedin Syn.:
Bryophagus gloeocapsa (Baloch et al. 2009)
CRYPTOLECHIA A. Massal. = GYALECTA (Lücking et al. 2019)
carneolutea (Turner)
A. Massal. = Gyalecta carneolutea (Lücking et al. 2019)
nana (Tuck.) D. Hawksw. &
Dibben (Lücking et al. 2011b) = Gyalecta
nana (Lücking et al. 2019)
CRYPTOTHECIA Stirton
calusarum F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey et al. 2017)
effusa (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
evergladensis Seavey (Seavey 2009)
fuscopunctata F. Seavey & J. Seavey (Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
miniata Vainio ex Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
punctosorediata Sparrius (Lücking
et al. 2011b)
randallii F. Seavey & J. Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
striata G. Thor Syn.: Chiodecton montagnei sensu auct. N.A.
(Thor 1991)
submacrocephala F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
rubrocincta
(Ehrenb. : Fr.) G. Thor = Herpothallon rubrocinctum
CRYPTOTHELE Th. Fr.
granuliforme (Nyl.) Henssen Syn.: Pyrenopsidium granuliforme,
Pyrenopsis granuliformis
neglecta
Henssen (Spribille et al. 2020)
permiscens (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Pyrenopsis phylliscina
CULBERSONIA Essl. (Esslinger 2000a)
nubila (Moberg) Essl. (Esslinger 2002b)
americana Essl. = C. nubila
CYANISTICTA Gyelnik
epiflavoides Gyelnik (Gyelnik 1931) = Pseudocyphellaria epiflavoides
CYBEBE Tibell =
CHAENOTHECA (Tibell 2001)
gracilenta
(Ach.) Tibell = Chaenotheca gracilenta (Tibell 2001)
CYCLOHYMENIA McCune & M. J. Curtis (McCune et al. 2017)
epilithica McCune & M. J. Curtis
CYPHELIOPSIS Vainio = THELOMMA
bolanderi (Tuck.) Vainio = Thelomma mammosum
CYPHELIUM Ach. = CALICIUM
(Prieto & Wedin 2017)
brachysporum Nádv. = Calicium brachysporum (Knudsen et al. 2020 (2019))
andersonii Herre = Thelomma californicum
brunneum
W. A. Weber = Thelomma brunneum
caliciforme (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Pseudothelomma occidentale for most North
American records
californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelomma californicum
carolinianum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Calicium carolinianum
chloroconium
(Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Acolium chloroconium
farlowii (Tuck. ex Herre) Herre = Thelomma californicum
inquinans
(Sm.) Trevisan = Acolium inquinans
karelicum
(Vainio) Räsänen = Acolium karelicum
lucidum
(Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. = Calicium lucidum
notarisii
(Tul.) Blomb. & Forssell = Calicium notarisii
occidentale Herre = Pseudothelomma occidentale
ocellatum (Körber) Trevisan = Pseudothelomma ocellatum
pinicola
Tibell = Calicium pinicola
sancti-jacobi (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Texosporium
sancti-jacobi
*sessile
(Pers.) Trevisan = Acolium sessile
tigillare
(Ach.) Ach. = Calicium tigillare
tigillare subsp. notarisii (Tul.) W. A. Weber = Calicum notarisii
trachylioides
(Nyl. ex Branth & Rostrup) Erichsen = Calicium trachylioides
ventricosulum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Acolium inquinans
CYPHELLOSTEREUM D. A. Reid
georgianum Dal Forno, McMullin & Lücking (Dal Forno et al. 2019)
jamesianum Dal Forno & Kaminsky (Dal Forno et al. 2019)
phyllogenum (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, Dal Forno & Lawrey Syn.: Dictyonema phyllogenum (Lücking et al.
2013b)
CYPHOBASIDIUM Millanes, Diederich & Wedin
*hypogymniicola (Diederich &
Ahti) Millanes, Diederich & Wedin
Syn.: Cystobasidium hypogymniicola (Millanes et al. 2016)
*usneicola (Diederich & Alstrup)
Millanes, Diederich & Wedin Syn.:
Cystobasidium usneicola (Millanes et al. 2016)
CYSTOBASIDIUM (Lagerh.) Neuhoff
*hypogymniicola
Diederich & Ahti (Diederich 1996) = Cyphobasidium hypogymniicola (Millanes
et al. 2016)
*usneicola
Diederich & Alstrup (Diederich 1996) = Cyphobasidium usneicola (Millanes et
al. 2016)
CYSTOCOLEUS Thwaites
ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites
rupestris (Pers.)
Rabenh. (Tuckerman 1882) = Racodium rupestre
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C D E
F G H
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V W X
Z References Cited
DACAMPIA A. Massal.
*engeliana (Sauter) A. Massal. (Henssen 1995)
+hookeri
(Borrer) A. Massal.
*lecaniae Kocourk. & K. Knudsen
(Kocourkova & Knudsen 2010)
*rufescentis (Vouaux) D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko & Daniëls
2003)
DACTYLINA Nyl.
arctica (Hooker f.) Nyl. Syn.: Cetraria arctica
beringica C. D. Bird & J. W. Thomson (Treated as subsp. of
D. arctica by Kärnefelt & Thell
1996)
ramulosa (Hooker f.) Tuck. Syn.: Cetraria ramulosa
madreporiformis (Ach.) Tuck = Allocetraria madreporiformis
DACTYLOSPORA Körber = SCLEROCOCCUM
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*aeruginosa Holien & Ihlen (Ihlen et al. 2004a) = Sclerococcum
aeruginosum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*ahtii Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas
(Pino-Bodas et al. 2017) = Sclerococcum ahtii (Diederich et al. 2018)
*amygdalariae Triebel
= Sclerococcum amygdalariae (Diederich et al. 2018)
*athallina (Müll.
Arg.) Hafellner = Sclerococcum athallinum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*attendenda (Nyl.) Arnold =
Sclerococcum attendendum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*borealis Holien & Ihlen (Ihlen et al. 2004a) = Sclerococcum boreale
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*deminuta (Th. Fr.) Triebel =
Sclerococcum deminutum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*frigida Hafellner (Dillman et al.
2012) = Sclerococcum frigidum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*glaucomarioides (Willey
ex Tuck.) Hafellner = Sclerococcum glaucomarioides (Diederich et al. 2018)
*inquilina (Tuck.) Hafellner = Sclerococcum
inquilinum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*lobariella (Nyl.) Hafellner = Sclerococcum
lobariellum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*lurida Hafellner (Harris &
Lendemer 2005) = Sclerococcum luridum
*parasitica (Flörke ex Sprengel)
Zopf = Sclerococcum parasiticum
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*parellaria (Nyl.) Arnold =
Sclerococcum parellarium (Diederich et al. 2018)
*pertusariicola
(Willey ex Tuck.) Hafellner = Sclerococcum pertusariicola (Diederich et al.
2018)
*pleiosperma Triebel
(Hafellner et al. 2002) = Sclerococcum pleiospermum (Diederich et al.
2018)
*porphyrea Hafellner & Kalb
(Etayo & Breuss 1998) = Sclerococcum porphyreum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*purpurascens Triebel
= Sclerococcum purpurascens (Diederich et al. 2018)
*rhyparizae Arnold (Zhurbenko 2013) =
Sclerococcum rhyparizae (Diederich et al. 2018)
*saxatilis (Schaerer) Hafellner var. saxatilis = Sclerococcum saxatile
(Diederich et al 2018)
*suburceolata Coppins & Fryday
(McMullin et al. 2017) = Sclerococcum suburceolatum (Diederich et al. 2018)
*urceolata (Th. Fr.) Arnold = Sclerococcum urceolatum (Diederich et al. 2018)
DEGELIA Arv. & D. J.
Galloway
plumbea
(Lightf.) P.
M. Jørg. & P. James = Pectenia plumbea (Ekman et al. 2014)
DENDRISCOCAULON Nyl.
intricatulum (Nyl.) Henssen Syns.: Leptogidium intricatulum,
Polychidium intricatulum
umhausense (Auersw.) Degel. Syn.: Polychidium umhausense
DENDRISCOSTICTA B. Moncada & Lücking (Moncada et al. 2013)
oroborealis (Goward & Tønsberg)
B. Moncada & Lücking Syn.: Sticta
oroborealis (Moncada et al. 2013)
wrightii (Tuck.) B. Moncada &
Lücking Syn.: Sticta wrightii (Moncada
et al. 2013)
DENDRODOCHIUM Bonord
*subeffusum Ellis & Everh.
DENDROGRAPHA Darb.
alectoroides Sundin & Tehler (Sundin & Tehler 1996)
conformis (Tehler) Ertz & Tehler
(Ertz & Tehler 2011)
decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex
Sm.) Ertz & Tehler (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
franciscana (Zahlbr. ex Herre) Ertz & Tehler (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
leucophaea (Tuck.) Darb. Syn.: Roccella leucophaea
minor Darb. = D. leucophaea (Tuck.) Darb. (Sundin & Tehler 1996)
DERMATINA
(Almq.) Zahlbr. = PEZICULA
"pyrenocarpa" (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Mycoporum compositum
DERMATISCUM Nyl.
catawbense (Willey) Nyl. = Dermiscellum oulocheila
DERMATOCARPON Eschw.
americanum Vainio
(Heiđmarsson & Breuss 2004)
arenosaxi Amtoft (Amtoft et al.
2008)
arnoldianum Degel.
atrogranulosum Breuss (Breuss 2003)
bachmannii Anders
(Heiđmarsson & Breuss 2004)
dolomiticum Amtoft (Amtoft et al.
2008)
intestiniforme (Körber) Hasse
leptophyllodes (Nyl.) Vainio ex Hav. (Heiđmarsson & Breuss
2004, Heiđmarsson 2017)
linkolae Räsänen (Goward et al. 1996)
lorenzianum Anders
luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon
luridum var. xerophilum Amtoft (Amtoft et al. 2008)
meiophyllizum Vainio (Glavich
& Geiser 2004)
miniatum (L.) W. Mann
Syn.: Endocarpon miniatum
moulinsii (Mont.) Zahlbr.
muhlenbergii (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
(Amtoft et al. 2008)
multifolium Amtoft (Amtoft et al.
2008)
polyphyllizum (Nyl.) Blomb. &
Forssell (Heiđmarsson & Breuss
2004)
reticulatum H. Magn.
rivulorum (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
[Entosthelia saxicola B. de Lesd.]
schaechtelinii Werner
(Heiđmarsson & Breuss 2004)
taminium Heiđmarsson (Heiđmarsson 2003)
tenue (Müll. Arg.) Heiđmarsson
(Heiđmarsson 2003)
tomentulosum Amtoft (Amtoft 2006)
vellereum Zschacke
acarosporoides Zahlbr. = Placidium acarosporoides
aquaticum (Weiss) Zahlbr. = D. luridum
arboreum (Schwein.) Fink = Placidium arboreum
cinereum (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Catapyrenium cinereum
#compactum (A. Massal.) Lettau = Heteroplacidium compactum
daedaleum (Kremp.) Th. Fr. = Catapyrenium daedaleum
fluviatile (Weber) Th. Fr. = D. luridum
granulosum (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Catapyrenium granulosum
hepaticum auct. = Placidium squamulosum
hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Catapyrenium cinereum
heppioides Zahlbr. = Placopyrenium heppioides
lachneum (Ach.) A. L. Sm. = Placidium lachneum
lecideoides (A. Massal.) Hasse = Placopyrenium lecideoides
leptophyllum (Ach.) Lång = D. miniatum
lyngei Servít Reported from Greenland
and Iceland but not U. S. or Canada
michelii (A. Massal.) Zwackh = Placidium michelii
miniatum (L.) W. Mann var. complicatum (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = D. miniatum
(Heiđmarsson 2003)
novomexicanum ( B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Placidium acarosporoides
peltatum (Taylor) Zahlbr. = a sterile psoroid lichen; a misidentification for
North America
plumbeum (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Verrucaria inficiens
polyphyllum (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = D. intestiniforme
rufescens (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Placidium rufescens
rupicola (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Verrucaria othmarii (Knudsen & Kocourková
2012a)
squamellum (Nyl.) Herre = Catapyrenium squamellum
tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) Zahlbr. =
Placidium arboreum
vagans Imshaug = D. reticulatum H. Magn.
waltheri (Kremp.) Blomb. & Forssell = Involucropyrenidium waltheri
weberi (Ach.) W. Mann = D. luridum
zahlbruckneri Hasse = Placopyrenium stanfordii
DERMISCELLUM Hafellner, H. Mayrhofer
& Poelt
oulocheila (Tuck.) Lendemer
Syns.: Buellia catawbensis, Dermatiscum catawbense, Opegrapha oulocheila
(Lendemer 2003)
catawbense (Willey) Hafellner & Poelt = D. oulocheila
DESMAZIERIA
Mont.
cephalota (Tuck.) Follmann & Huneck = Niebla cephalota
ceruchis (Ach.) Trevisan = Niebla
ceruchis , but absent from North America (Spjut 1996)
combeoides (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck = Niebla combeoides
evernioides (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck = Ramalina lacera
homalea (Ach.) Mont. = Niebla homalea
peruviana (Ach.) Follmann & Huneck = Ramalina peruviana
testudinaria (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck = Niebla homalea
DIBAEIS Clem.
absoluta (Tuck.) Kalb & Gierl Syn.: Baeomyces absolutus
baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold & Hertel Syn.: Baeomyces roseus
fungoides (Sw.) Kalb & Gierl = A tropical species, not in North America
rosea (Pers.) Clem. = D. baeomyces
DICTYOCATENULATA Finley
& E. F. Morris
alba Finley & E. F. Morris
(Lendemer & Harris 2004)
DICTYOMERIDIUM Aptroot,
M. P. Nelsen & Lücking
amylosporum (Vainio) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking Syns.: Campylothelium amylosporum,
Polyblastiopsis dealbens (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
proponens (Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen &
Lücking Syn.: Polymeridium proponens (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
DICTYONEMA C. Agardh
lawreyi
Dal Forno, Kaminsky & Lücking (Dal Forno et al. 2019)
moorei (Nyl.) Henssen
sericeum (Sw.) Berk.
glabratum (Sprengel) D. Hawksw. = Cora timucua, for North American reports (Lücking et al.
2020)
guadalupense (Rabenh.) Zahlbr. = D. sericeum
irpicinum Mont. = misidentification for North America
pavonium (Sw.) Parmasto = Cora timucua, for
North American reports (Lücking et al. 2020)
phyllogenum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
(Lücking et al. 2011b) = Cyphellostereum phyllogenum
DIDYMELLOPSIS (P. A. Saccardo) Clem.
& Shear
*latitans (Nyl.) Clem. & Shear
(Zhurbenko 2009a)
*pulposi (Zopf) Grube &
Hafellner (Zhurbenko 2013)
DIDYMOCYRTIS Vainio
*bryonthae (Arnold) Hafellner Syn.:
Polycoccum bryonthae (Ertz et al. 2015a)
*cladoniicola (Diederich, Kocourk.
& Etayo) Ertz & Diederich Syn.:
Phoma cladoniicola (Ertz et al. 2015a)
*consimilis Vainio (Ertz et al.
2015a) Syn.: Phoma caloplacae (Diederich et al.
2018)
*epiphyscia Ertz &
Diederich Syn.: Phoma physciicola (Ertz
et al. 2015a)
*grumantiana (Zhurb. & Diederich) Zhurb. & Diederich Syn.: Phoma grumantiana (Diederich et al. 2018)
*melanelixiae (Brackel) Diederich,
Harris & Etayo (Ertz et al. 2015a)
*xanthomendozae (Diederich &
Freebury) Diederich & Freebury Syn.:
Phoma xanthomendozae (Ertz et al. 2015a)
DIDYMOSPHAERIA Fuckel
*epicrassa (H. Olivier) Vouaux = Clypeococcum epicrassum, but see note there
DIGITOTHYREA P. P. Moreno & Egea
divergens (Henssen) Moreno &
Egea (Sweat et al. 2004)
polyglossa (Nyl.) P. P. Moreno & Egea (Schultz 2002b)
DIMELAENA Norman
#lichenicola K. Knudsen,
Sheard, Kocourk. & H. Mayrhofer
(Knudsen et al. 2013b)
oreina (Ach.) Norman Syns.: Rinodina oreina, R. hueana, R.
novomexicana, R. suboreina
radiata (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. (Matzer et al. 1996) Syns.: Buellia
radiata, Rinodina radiata
tenuis (Müll. Arg.) H. Mayrhofer
& Wippel (Beeching 2007)
thysanota (Tuck.) Hale & W. L. Culb. Syn.: Rinodina
thysanota
weberi Sheard
angelica (Stizenb.) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Mobergia angelica
#californica (H. Magn.) Sheard = Monerolechia californica (Diederich et
al. 2018)
chrysomelaena (Ach.) Hale & W. L. Culb. = Rinodina chrysomelaena
novomexicana (B. de Lesd.) Hale & W. L. Culb. = D. oreina
suboreina (B. de Lesd.) Hale & W. L. Culb. = D. oreina
DIMERELLA Trevisan = COENOGONIUM (Lücking & Kalb 2000)
diluta (Pers.) Trevisan = Coenogonium pineti
lutea (Dickson) Trevisan = Coenogonium luteum
pineti (Ach.) Vězda = Coenogonium pineti
DIMIDIOGRAPHA Ertz & Tehler
(Ertz & Tehler 2011)
longissima (Müll. Arg.) Ertz &
Tehler (Ertz & Tehler 2011) Syn.: Graphis, atrorubens, Opegrapha longissima
DINEMASPORIUM Lév.
*strigosum (Fr.) Sacc. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
DIORYGMA Eschw.
antillarum (Vainio) Nelsen, Lücking
& Rivas Plata (Nelsen et al. 2012) Syn.: Herpothallon antillarum
basinigrum F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
junghuhnii (Mont. & Bosch) Kalb,
Staiger & Elix (Tripp et al. 2010)
microsporum M. Cáceres & Lücking
(Lumbsch et al. 2011; Lücking et al. 2011b)
poitaei (Fée) Kalb, Staiger & Elix (Kalb et al. 2004) Syn.: Graphina
virginea
pruinosum (Ehrh.) Kalb Syn.: Graphina platyleuca (Tripp et al. 2010)
reniforme (Fée) Kalb, Staiger,
& Elix (Tripp et al. 2010)
DIPLOICIA A. Massal.
canescens (Dickson) A. Massal. Syn.: Buellia canescens
DIPLOLAEVIOPSIS Giralt & D. Hawksw.
*ranula Giralt & D. Hawksw.
(Diederich 2003)
DIPLOSCHISTELLA Vainio
athalloides
(Nyl.) Lücking, Knudsen & Fryday (Lücking et al. 2007) Syn.: Rhizocarpon athalloides
DIPLOSCHISTES Norman
actinostomus (Ach.) Zahlbr.
Syn.: Urceolaria actinostoma
aeneus (Müll. Arg.) Lumbsch
arabiensis Lumbsch
badius Lumbsch & Elix
#caesioplumbeus
(Nyl.) Vainio (Lumbsch 2002)
candidissimus (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch Syn.: Urceolaria albissima
gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr.
hypoleucus Zahlbr.
#muscorum
(Scop.) R. Sant. subsp. muscorum
scruposus (Schreber) Norman Syn.: Urceolaria scruposa
albissimus (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = D. diacapsis
bisporus
(Bagl.) J. Steiner = Ingvariella bisporus
bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = D. muscorum subsp. muscorum
canadensis Räsänen = D. muscorum subsp. muscorum
scruposus (Schreber) Norman var. parasiticus (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = D. muscorum
straminescens Zahlbr. = D. hypoleucus
DIPLOTOMMA Flotow
alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flotow Syns.: Buellia alboatra, B. alboatra
var. saxicola, Rhizocarpon alboatrum
ambiguum (Ach.) Flagey Syn.: Buellia ambigua
chlorophaeum (Hepp ex Leighton) Kr. P. Singh & S. R. Singh
Syns.: Rhizocarpon chlorophaeum, Buellia chlorophaea
nivale (Bagl. & Carestia) Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk
1995) Syn.: Buellia nivalis
penichrum (Tuck.) Szatala Syns.: Buellia oidalia var.
penichra, B. penichra, Rhizocarpon penichrum
venustum (Körber) Körber Syns.: Buellia epipolia, B. venusta,
B. lecanoroides, Rhizocarpon cumulatum
epipolium sensu auct. = D. venustum (Nordin 1996, McCune 2017)
epipolium
(Ach.) Arnold = D. alboatrum (Nordin 1996, McCune 2017)
*pulverulentum
(Anzi) D. Hawksw. (Molina et al. 2002) = Tetramelas pulverulentus
DIRINA Fr.
catalinariae Hasse
massiliensis Durieu & Mont.
(Harris & Ladd 2005; reported as f. sorediata)
paradoxa (Fée) Tehler
approximata Zahlbr. subsp. hioramii (B. de Lesd.) Tehler = D. paradoxa
calcicola Sparrius (Sparrius 2004a) = Fulvophyton calcicola
(Tehler et al. 2013)
californica Tuck. = Sigridea californica
franciscana Zahlbr. ex Herre = Dendrographa franciscana
hassei Zahlbr. = Sigridea californica
rediunta Hasse = Schismatomma rediunta
DIRINARIA (Tuck.) Clem.
aegialita (Afz.) B. J. Moore Syn.: Physcia aspera, P.
aegialita
applanata (Fée) D. D. Awasthi
confluens (Fr.) D. D. Awasthi
confusa D. D. Awasthi
confusa var. saxicola (Räsänen) D. D. Awasthi
frostii (Tuck.) Hale & W. L. Culb. Syns.: Physcia frostii,
Pyxine frostii
leopoldii (Stein) D. D. Awasthi
neotropica Kalb (Kalb 2004a)
papillulifera (Nyl.) D. D. Awasthi
picta (Sw.) Clem. & Shear Syns.: Physcia picta, Pyxine
picta, P. picta var. erythrocardia
purpurascens (Vainio) B. J. Moore Syn.: Physcia purpurascens
aspera (H. Magn.) D. D. Awasthi = D. aegialita
DISCOTHECIUM Zopf = ENDOCOCCUS Nyl.
*gemmiferum Vouaux = an uncertain species of Endococcus
DISTOPYRENIS Aptroot
americana Aptroot
pachyospora Aptroot (Harris 1995a)
quercicola R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
submuriformis R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
DITREMIS Clem. = ANISOMERIDIUM
albiseda (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium albisedum
ambigua (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium ambiguum
anisoloba (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium anisolobum
biformis (Borrer) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium biforme
carinthiaca (Steiner) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
distans (Willey) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium distans
finkii R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium finkii
leucochlora (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium leucochlorum
macrospora R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium aureopunctatum
nyssigena (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium polypori
quaternaria R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium quaternarium
sanfordensis (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium excaecariae
subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium subprostans
tamarindii (Fée) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium tamarindii
terminata (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium terminatum
tuckerae (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium tuckerae
DOLICHOUSNEA (Y. Ohmura) Articus (Articus 2004)
diffracta (Vainio) Articus Syn.:
Usnea diffracta
longisssima (Ach.) Articus Syn.: Usnea longissima
DUFOUREA Ach.
madreporiformis (Ach.) Ach. = Allocetraria madreporiformis
DYPLOLABIA A. Massal.
afzelii (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Graphis afzelii (Staiger 2002)
Return
To Introduction or go to: A B
C D E
F G H
I J K
L M N
O P R
S T U
V W X
Z References Cited
ECHINODISCUS Etayo &
Diederich = NEOECHINODISCUS
*lesdainii
(Vouaux) Etayo & Diederich (Kocourková et al. 2010) = Neoechinodiscus
lesdainii (Sierra &
Molinari-Novoa 2020)
ECHINOPLACA Fée
areolata Lücking & W. R.
Buck (Lücking et al. 2007)
basalis W. B. Sanders & Lücking
(Sanders & Lücking 2015)
furcata Sérus. subsp. neotropica
Lücking (Lücking et al. 2007)
intercedens Vězda
leucotrichoides (Müll. Arg.) R.
Sant. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
lucernifera Kalb &
Vězda (Lücking et al. 2007)
pellicula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
similis Kalb & Vězda (Lücking et al. 2007)
tetraplaca (Zahlbr.) Lücking (Lücking
(Lücking et al. 2007)
ECHINOTHECIUM Zopf
*aerophilum Alstrup & M. S. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*reticulatum Zopf = Sphaerellothecium reticulatum
EDRUDIA W. P. Jordan
constipans (Nyl.) W. P. Jordan Syn.: Caloplaca constipans,
Lecanora constipans
EIGLERA Hafellner
flavida (Hepp) Hafellner Syns.: Lecanora flavida, Aspicilia
flavida
ELIXIA Lumbsch
flexella (Ach.) Lumbsch (Spribille
& Björk 2008)
ELLISEMBIA Subram.
*lichenicola Heuchert & U.
Braun (Heuchert & Braun 2006)
EMMANUELIA
Ant. Simon, Lücking & Goffinet
erosa (Eschw.) Lücking, M. Cáceres & Ant. Simon Syns.: Lobaria erosa, Sticta erosa (Simon et
al. 2020)
lobulifera (B. Moore) Ant. Simon & Goffinet Syn.: Lobaria lobulifera (Simon et al. 2020)
ornata (Malme) Lücking, Moncada & Bungartz (Simon et al. 2020)
ravenelii (Tuck.) Ant. Simon & Goffinet Syns.: Lobaria ravenelii, Sticta ravenelii
(Simon et al. 2020)
ENCHYLIUM (Ach.) Gray (Otálora et
al. 2014)
bachmanianum (Fink) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Collema bachmanianum, Collemodes bachmanianum
bachmanianum var. millegranum (Degel.) M. Schultz & McCune
(McCune et al. 2018)
coccophorum (Tuck.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Collema
coccophorum, C. dubium, C. novomexicanum, Synechoblastus coccophorus
conglomeratum (Hoffm.) Otálora, P.
M. Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Collema
conglomeratum, C. pycnocarpum, Synechoblastus ohioense, S. cyrtaspis, S.
pycnocarpus
expansum (Degel.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Collema tenax var. expansum (Jørgensen
& Goward 2015)
limosum (Ach.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg.
& Wedin Syns.: Collema glaucescens,
C. limosum
polycarpon (Hoffm.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Collema
melaenum var. polycarpon, Collema polycarpon, Synechoblastus polycarpus, S.
wyomingensis
substellatum (H. Magn.) P. M.
Jørg. (Jørgensen & Goward 2015)
tenax (Sw.) Gray Syn.: Collema tenax
ENDOCARPISCUM Nyl. = HEPPIA
bolanderi (Nyl.) Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Peltula bolanderi
guepinii (Delise) Nyl.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Peltula euploca
ENDOCARPON Hedwig
adscendens (Anzi) Müll. Arg.
adsurgens Vainio
lepidallum Nyl.
loscosii Müll. Arg. (Breuss 2002a)
pallidulum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Breuss 2002a)
pallidum Ach.
petrolepideum (Nyl.) Nyl.
pseudosubnitescens Breuss (Knudsen 2005b)
pusillum Hedwig
schisticola B. de Lesd. (Breuss 2002a)
simplicatum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Breuss 2002a)
subnitescens Nyl.
arboreum Schwein. (Mohr 1901) =
Placidium arboreum
diffractellum (Nyl.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux (Gueidan et al. 2007) = Willeya
diffractella (Gueidan & Lendemer 2015)
drummondii (Tuck.) M. Choisy = Staurothele drummondii
miniatum (L.) Schaerer (Mohr 1901) = Dermatocarpon miniatum
moenium Vainio = Acarospora moenium
monicae Zahlbr. = Staurothele monicae
*ochroleucum Tuck. = Heterocarpon ochroleucum
pulvinatum Th. Fr. = Staurothele pulvinata
(Heiðmarsson et al. 2017) Syns.: Endocarpon pulvinatum, Pyrenothamnia
brandegei, P. spraguei, Staurothele brandegei
tenuissimum (Degel.) Lendemer
& E. Tripp =Willeya diffractella (Gueidan & Lendemer 2015)
tortuosum Herre = Staurothele pulvinatum (Heiðmarsson et al. 2017)
tuckermanii Rav. ex Mont. = Placidium arboreum (Lendemer & Yahr 2004)
wilmsoides Zahlbr. = Staurothele drummondii
ENDOCOCCUS Nyl.
*apiciicola (J. Steiner) R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
*incrassatus Etayo & Breuss
(Knudsen & Kocourková 2008b)
*macrosporus (Arnold) Nyl.
(Hafellner et al. 2002)
*matzeri D. Hawksw. & Iturr.
(Knudsen & Kocourková 2009b)
*nanellus Ohlert (Diederich 2003)
*oreinae Hafellner (Hafellner et al. 2002)
*peltigericola Zhurb. &
Stapanchikova (Zhurbenko 2021)
*perpusillus Nyl.
*propinquus (Körber) D. Hawksw.
*rugulosus
Nyl. (Knudsen & Kocourková 2010b)
*stigma (Körber) Stizenb.
(Hafellner et al. 2002)
*thelommatis Kocourk. & K.
Knudsen (Kocourková & Knudsen 2011)
*verrucosus Hafellner (Hafellner et al. 2002)
*zahlbrucknerellae (Henssen) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Ticothecium
zahlbrucknerella
*buelliae
(C. W. Dodge) Matzer (Matzer et al. 1996) = E. matzeri for North American
reports
ENDOHYALINA Marbach
ericina Giralt, van den Boom &
Elix var. ericina (Giralt et al. 2010)
*insularis (Arnold) Giralt, van den
Boom & Elix Syn.: Rinodina insularis
(Nadyeina et al. 2010)
rappii (Imshaug ex R. C. Harris) Marbach
Syn.: Buellia rappii (Marbach
2000)
circumpallida (H. Magn.) Marbach (Marbach 2000) = Buellia circumpallida (Giralt et al. 2010)
ENDOPYRENIUM
Flotow
americanum B. de Lesd. = Verrucaria americana
bajadanae B. de Lesd. = Placidium acarosporoides
crustaceum B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium granulosum
granulosum B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium granulosum
novomexicanum B. de Lesd. = Placidium acarosporoides
plumbeum B. de Lesd. = Verrucaria inficiens
rupicola B. de Lesd. = Verrucaria othmarii
tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) Müll. Arg. = Placidium arboreum
ENTEROGRAPHA Fée
*bagliettoae F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
bradleyana F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2014b)
caudata F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2014b)
hutchinsiae (Leighton) A.
Massal. (Sparrius 2004b)
johnsoniae F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey et al. 2017)
keylargoensis F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
murrayana F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2014b)
nitidula F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2014b)
oregonensis Sparrius & Björk
(Sparrius & Björk 2008)
*osagensis C. A. Morse (Morse 2013)
pallidella (Nyl.) Redinger (Seavey
& Seavey 2012)
quassiicola Fée
subserialis (Nyl.) Redinger (Seavey
& Seavey 2014a)
zonata (Körber) Källsten
Syn.: Opegrapha zonata (Ertz et al. 2009)
anguinella (Nyl.) Redinger (Sparrius 2004b) = Opegrapha anguinella
carnea (Eckfeldt) R. C. Harris = Mazosia ocellata
elegans (Eschw.) Tuck. = Sclerophyton elegans
lecanoroides R. C. Harris = Opegrapha
anguinella
ENTEROSTIGMA Müll Arg.
montagnaei (Tuck) Fink (Fink 1935) = Cryptothecia striata (Thor 1991)
ENTOSTHELIA (Wallr.) Hue
saxicola B. de Lesd. = unknown Dermatocarpon sp.
EOPYRENULA R. C. Harris
intermedia Coppins Syn.: Pyrenula leucoplaca var.
pluriloculata
parvispora R. C. Harris & Aptroot
leucoplaca (Wallr.) R. C. Harris =
misidentification for North America (fide R. Harris)
EPAPHROCONIDIA Calat. & V. Atienza
*hawksworthii Calat. & V. Atienza (Diederich 2003)
EPHEBE Fr.
americana Henssen
hispidula (Ach.) Horw.
Syn.: Ephebeia hispidula
lanata (L.) Vainio
ocellata Henssen
perspinulosa Nyl.
solida Bornet
lesquereuxii Bornet (Tuckerman 1882) = E. solida
mamillosum (Lyngb.) E. Fr. (Fink
1935) Possibly Stigonema mamillosum, a
cyanobacterium
pubescens (Ach.) Fr. = Pseudephebe pubescens
EPHEBEIA Nyl. = EPHEBE
hispidula (Ach.) Nyl. = Ephebe hispidula
EPICLADONIA D. Hawksw.
*sandstedei (Zopf) D. Hawksw. (Scholz 1998)
*simplex D. Hawksw.
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*stenospora (Harm) D. Hawksw.
(Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas 2017, Seaward et al. 2017)
EPICOCCUM Link
*nigrum Link (Diederich et al. 2018)
*purpurascens
Schltdl. (Diederich 2003) = E. nigrum
EPIGLOEA Zukal
#diversispora McCune (McCune 2020a)
intermedia Döbbeler (Lendemer &
Harris 2004)
medioincrassata (Grummann) Döbbeler
(Fryday 2004a)
pleiospora Döbbeler (Buck & Harris 2002)
renitens (Grummann) Döbbeler
(Spribille et al. 2010)
soleiformis Döbbeler (Buck & Harris 2002)
urosperma
Döbbeler (Spribille et al. 2020)
EPILICHEN Clem.
#glauconigellus (Nyl.)
Hafellner (Zhurbenko 2009a)
#scabrosus (Ach.) Clem. Syn.: Buellia scabrosa
*stellatus Triebel
EPITHAMNOLIA Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2012)
*karatyginii Zhurb.
ERINACELLUS T. Sprib., Muggia & Tønsberg (Spribille et
al.2014b)
dendroides (Henssen) T. Sprib.,
Muggia & Tønsberg Syn.: Spilonema
dendroides
ERIODERMA Fée
mollissimum (Samp.) Du Rietz
pedicellatum (Hue) P. M. Jørg.
sorediatum D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg.
boreale Ahlner = E. pedicellatum
ERYTHRICIUM J. Erikss. & Hjortstam (Hawksworth & Helcini
2015)
*aurantiacum (Lasch) D. Hawksw.
& A. Henrici Syn.:
Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum (Hawksworth & Helcini 2015)
ESCHATOGONIA Trevisan
prolifera (Mont.) R. Sant. (Seavey
et al. 2014)
ESSLINGERIANA Hale & M. J. Lai
idahoensis (Essl.) Hale & M. J. Lai Syn.: Cetraria idahoensis
ETAYOA Diederich & Ertz (Ertz et al. 2014)
*trypethelii (Flakus & Kukwa)
Diederich & Ertz
EUGENIELLA Lücking, Sérus. &
Kalb (Lücking et al. 2011b)
leucocheila (Tuck.) Lücking, Sérus.
& Kalb (Lücking et al. 2011b)
EUOPSIS Nyl.
granatina (Sommerf.) Nyl. Syns.: Pyrenopsis granatina,
Lecanora granatina, Pannaria granatina
pulvinata (Schaerer) Nyl. Syn.: Pyrenopsis pulvinata
EVERNIA Ach.
divaricata (L.) Ach.
mesomorpha Nyl.
perfragilis Llano
prunastri (L.) Ach.
ceratea (Ach.) Zopf (Fink 1935) = Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, but a
misidentification for North America
esorediosa (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz = misidentification for North America (Bird
1974)
furfuracea (L.) W. Mann = Pseudevernia consocians and P. intensa for North
American records
furfuracea var. cladonia Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Pseudevernia cladonia
thamnodes (Flotow) Arnold = E. mesomorpha
vulpina (L.) Ach. = Letharia vulpina
EVERNIASTRUM Hale ex
Sipman = HYPOTRACHYNA (Divakar et al. 2013)
catawbiense
(Degel.) Hale ex Sipman = Hypotrachyna catawbiensis
sorocheilum
(Vainio) Hale ex Sipman = Hypotrachyna sorocheila, but reports apparently based
on H. catawbiense
EVERNIICOLA D. Hawksw.
*flexispora D. Hawksw.
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FARNOLDIA Hertel
hypocrita (A. Massal.) Fröberg Syns.: Lecidea hypocrita, L.
lithospersa, L. ypocrita
jurana (Schaerer) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea jurana, L.
albosuffusa, Tremolecia jurana, Melanolecia jurana
micropsis (A. Massal.) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea rhaetica,
Melanolecia micropsis, Tremolecia nivalis, T. micropsis
FAYODIA Kühner
*leucophylla
(Gillet) M. T. Lange = Gamundia leucophylla (Bigelow 1983)
*striatula
(Kühner) Singer = Gamundia striatula (Raitelhuber 1983)
FELIPES Frisch & G. Thor (Frisch et al. 2014)
leucopellaeus (Ach.) Frisch & G.
Thor Syn.: Arthonia leucopellaea
FELLHANERA Vězda
aurantiaca (Vězda) Vězda Syn.: Bacidia aurantiaca
bouteillei (Desm.) Vězda Syn.: Catillaria bouteillei
crucitignorum C. A. Morse & Ladd
(Morse & Ladd 2013)
eriniae R. C. Harris & Lendemer
(Harris & Lendemer 2009)
fallax R. C. Harris & Lendemer
(Harris & Lendemer 2009)
floridana (Tuck.) S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia floridana, Biatora
floridana, Bilimbia floridana
granulosa R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Harris & Lendemer 2009)
hybrida R. C. Harris & Lendemer
(Harris & Lendemer 2009)
minnisinkorum R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Harris & Lendemer 2009)
montesfumosi R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Harris & Lendemer 2009)
rhapidophylli (Rehm)Vězda
(Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
silicis R. C. Harris & Ladd
(Harris & Lendemer 2009)
subtilis (Vězda) Diederich & Sérus. (Goward et al.
1996)
FELLHANEROPSIS Sérus. & Coppins
myrtillicola (Erichsen) Sérus. &
Coppins (Lendemer & Knudsen 2011)
vezdae (Coppins & P. James) Sérus. & Coppins (Tønsberg
1997)
FELTGENIOMYCES Dieder.
*mongolicus Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2020)
FIBRILLITHECIS A. Frisch
(Frisch 2006)
confusa Lücking, Kalb & Rivas
Plata (Rivas Plata et al. 2010)
halei (Tuck. & Mont.)
Mangold Syns.: Myriotrema halei,
Thelotrema halei (Lücking et al. 2016)
insignis (Zahlbr.) A. Frisch (Frisch 2006) = F. confusa (Rivas Plata et al.
2010)
FISSURINA Fée
aggregatula Common &
Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
albolabiata F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
alligatorensis Lendemer & R. C.
Harris (Lendemer & Harris 2014a)
americana Lendemer & R. C. Harris
(Lendemer & Harris 2014a)
analphabetica Common &
Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
cingalina (Nyl.) Staiger (Lücking et al. 2011b)
columbina (Tuck.) Staiger Syns.: Graphina
columbina, G. virginalis, Graphis columbina, Phaeographina columbina (Staiger
2002)
confusa Common & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
crassilabra Mont. & Bosch (Lücking et al. 2011b)
cypressi (Müll. Arg.) Lendemer Syn.: Graphina cypressi (Lendemer 2007a)
dumastioides (Fink) Staiger
Syns.: Graphina dumastioides, Graphis dumastioides (Staiger 2002)
egena (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
humilis (Vainio) Staiger
(Staiger & Kalb 2004)
ilicicola Lendemer & R. C.
Harris (Lendemer & Harris 2014a)
illiterata (R. C. Harris)
Lendemer Syn.: Graphis illiterata
(Lendemer & Knudsen 2008b)
incisura F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey et al. 2017)
incrustans Fée Syns.: Graphina incrustans, G. glaucoderma,
Graphis incrustans, G. glaucoderma (Staiger 2002)
insidiosa C. Knight & Mitten Syns.: Graphis beaumontii, G. insidiosa
(Staiger 2002)
inspersa Common & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
insculpta Mont. Syns.: Graphina babingtonii, Graphis babingtonii
(Staiger 2002, Tripp et al. 2010)
leuconephela Nyl. Syns.: Graphina leuconephela, Graphis leuconephela
(Staiger 2002, Tripp et al. 2010)
mexicana (Zahlbr.) Lücking & Rivas Plata
(Lücking et al.
2011b)
nitida (Eschw.) Mont. Syns.: Graphis nitida, Medusulina nitida (Miranda-González et al. 2020,
Staiger 2002)
nitidescens (Nyl.)
Nyl. Syns.: Graphina nitidescens, Graphis nitidescens (Staiger 2002)
pseudostromatica Lücking & Rivas Plata (Lücking et al. 2011b)
radiata Mont. (Lücking et
al. 2011b)
rufula (Mont.) Staiger Syn.: Graphis rufula (Staiger 2002)
scolecitis (Tuck.) Lendemer Syns.: Graphina scolecitis, Graphis
scolecitis (Lendemer 2007a) North
American records of Graphina adscribens belong here
subcomparimuralis Common &
Lücking (Lumbsch et al. 2011; Lücking et al. 2011b)
subnitida (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Staiger 2002, Tripp et al. 2010)
subnitidula (Nyl.) Staiger Syns.: Graphina subnitidiula,
Graphis subnitidula (Staiger 2002)
tachygrapha (Nyl.) Staiger (Lücking et al. 2011b)
tuckermaniana Common &
Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
varieseptata Common &
Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
subcontexta
(Nyl.) Nyl. = F. rufula (Lücking et al.
2011b)
FISTULARIELLA Bowler & Rundel
almquistii (Vainio) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina almquistii
dilacerata (Hoffm.) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina dilacerata
geniculata (Hooker f. & Taylor) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina geniculata
inflata (Hooker f. & Taylor) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina inflata
minuscula (Nyl.) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina dilacerata
roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaerer) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina roesleri
scoparia (Vainio) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina scoparia
FLAKEA O. E. Erikss. (Hansen 2003;
Perlmutter 2006)
papillata O. E. Erikss. (Hansen
2003; Perlmutter 2006)
FLAVOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & A. Thell
cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & A. Thell Syns.: Cetraria
cucullata, Allocetraria cucullata
minuscula (Elenkin & Savicz) Ahti, Poryadina & Zhurb. (Zhurbenko et al. 2005)
nivalis (L.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell Syns.: Cetraria nivalis,
Allocetraria nivalis
FLAVOPARMELIA Hale
baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Fóriss) Hale Syns.: Parmelia
baltimorensis, Pseudoparmelia baltimorensis
caperata (L.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia caperata, P. cylisphora, P.
flavicans, P. herreana, P. negativa, Pseudoparmelia caperata
rutidota (Hooker f. & Taylor) Hale Syns.: Parmelia
rutidota, Pseudoparmelia rutidota, and P. conspersa var. subconspersa and
Xanthoparmelia subconspersa for North American records.
subcapitata (Nyl. ex Hasse) Hale ex DePriest & B. Hale (Knudsen et
al. 2005) Syn.: Parmelia subcapitata
[Parmelia
concreta Stizenb.] This name was apparently never effectively
published; identified as an uncertain species of Flavoparmelia by Hale &
DePriest (1999), although an apparent ‘type’ specimen in FH was annotated by
Mason Hale as an Aspicilia sp.
FLAVOPLACA Arup, Søchting & Frödén (Arup et al. 2013)
austrocitrina (Vondrák, Říha,
Arup & Søchting) Arup, Søchting & Frödén Syn.: Caloplaca austrocitrina
citrina (Hoffm.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting Syns.: Caloplaca citrina, Placodium citrinum
flavocitrina (Nyl.) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca
flavocitrina
granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca granulosa
marina (Wedd.) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca marina
microthallina (Wedd.) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca
microthallina
FLAVOPUNCTELIA (Krog) Hale
darrowi (J. W. Thomson) Hale Syns.: Parmelia darrowi,
Punctelia darrowi
flaventior (Stirton) Hale Syns.: Parmelia flaventior, P.
andreana, P. kernstockii, Punctelia flaventior
praesignis (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia praesignis, P.
incorrupta, P. caperata var. incorrupta, Punctelia praesignis
soredica (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia soredica, P.
ulophyllodes, P. manshurica, Punctelia soredica
FORAMINELLA S.
F. Meyer = PARMELIOPSIS
FORSSELLIA
Zahlbr. = PTERYGIOPSIS
minnesotensis (Fink) Fink = Lichinella minnesotensis
neglecta Erichsen = Pterygiopsis neglecta
FOURAGEA Trevisan (Frisch
et al. 2014)
filicina (Mont.) Trevisan Syn.: Opegrapha filicina (Frisch et al. 2014)
FRUTIDELLA Kalb (Kalb 1994)
caesioatra (Schaerer) Kalb (Kalb 1994) Syn.: Lecidea
caesioatra, L. arctica
furfuracea (Anzi) M. Westb. & M.
Svensson (Svensson et al. 2017) Syns.:
Biatora pullata, Lecidea pullata
pullata (Norman) Schmull (Schmull et al. 2011) = F. furfuracea (Svensson et al.
2017)
FULGENSIA A. Massal. &
De Not. = GYALOLECHIA (Arup et al. 2013)
bracteata
(Hoffm.) Räsänen subsp. bracteata = Gyalolechia bracteata subsp. bracteata
bracteata
subsp. bracteata
var. alpina
(Th. Fr.) Poelt = Gyalolechia bracteata subsp. bracteata var. alpina
bracteata
subsp. deformis
Poelt (Esslinger & Egan 1995) =
Gyalolechia bracteata subsp. deformis
desertorum
(Tomin) Poelt = Gyalolechia desertorum
fulgens
(Sw.) Elenkin = Gyalolechia fulgens
subbracteata (Nyl.) Poelt (Brodo et al. 2001, Kasalicky 2004) = Gyalolechia subbracteata
FULGIDEA Bendiksby & Timdal
(Bendiksby & Timdal 2013)
oligospora (Timdal) Bendiksby &
Timdal Syn.: Hypocenomyce oligospora
sierrae (Timdal) Bendiksby &
Timdal Syn.: Hypocenomyce sierrae
FULVOPHYTON Ertz & Tehler
calcicola (Sparrius) Tehler & Ertz
Syn.: Dirina calcicola (Tehler et al. 2013)
FUSARIUM Link
*peltigerae Westend. (Spribille et
al. 2010)
FUSCIDEA V. Wirth &
Vězda
aleutica (Degel.) Fryday (Fryday 2008)
appalachensis Fryday (Fryday 2008)
arboricola Coppins & Tønsberg
gothoburgensis (H. Magn.) V. Wirth
& Vězda (Fryday 2006)
intercincta (Nyl.) Poelt
lowensis (H. Magn.) R. A. Anderson & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea lowensis
mollis (Wahlenb.) V. Wirth & Vězda Syns.: Biatora
rivulosa var. mollis, Lecidea mollis
muskeg Tønsberg & M. Zahradn.
(Spribille et al. 2020)
praeruptorum (Du Rietz & H. Magn.) V. Wirth & Vězda
Syn.: Lecidea praeruptorum
pusilla Tønsberg
recensa (Stirton) Hertel, V. Wirth & Vězda Syn.:
Lecidea recensa
recensa var arcuatula (Arnold) Fryday
Syns. Lecidea arcuatula, L. gyrodes (Fryday 2008)
scrupulosa (Eckfeldt) Fryday (Fryday
2008) Syns.: Biatora scrupulosa, Lecidea
scrupulosa, L. kochiana var. subreagens
texana Fryday (Fryday 2008)
thomsonii Brodo & V. Wirth (Brodo & Wirth 1998)
cyathoides
(Ach.) V. Wirth & Vězda =
misidentification for North America (Fryday 2008)
kochiana
(Hepp) V. Wirth & Vězda =
misidentification for North America (Fryday 2008)
lightfootii (Sm.) Coppins & P. James
(Aptroot 1996) = misidentification for North America (Tønsberg 2002, Fryday
2008)
placidensis (H. Magn.) R. C. Harris = Lecanora placidensis
subfilamentosa
(Zahlbr.) Brako = Lecidea subfilamentosa (Fryday 2008)
subreagens
(H. Magn.) Oberholl. & V. Wirth = Fuscidea scrupulosa (Fryday 2008)
FUSCOPANNARIA P. M. Jørg.
ahlneri (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria ahlneri
alaskana P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen 2000c)
aurita P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
cheiroloba (Müll. Arg.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c) Syn.:
Parmeliella cheiroloba
confusa (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
convexa P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen
2005)
coralloidea P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
crustacea P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
cyanolepra (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b) Syns.:
Pannaria lepidiota var. cyanolepra, P. cyanolepra, Parmeliella cyanolepra
dillmaniae T. Sprib. (Spribille et al.
2020)
frullaniae (Maass) E. Tripp & Lendemer Syn. : Moelleropsis nubulosa subsp.
frullaniae (Tripp & Lendemer 2020)
incisa (Pers.)
P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c) Syns.: Coccocarpia incisa,
Pannaria molybdaea var. incisa
leprosa P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen 2000c)
leucosticta (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria leucosticta
leucostictoides (Ohlsson) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria
leucostictoides
maritima (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. Synyonym: Pannaria maritima
mediterranea (Tav.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria mediterranea
pacifica P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
praetermissa (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg. Syns.: Pannaria lepidiota var.
corallophora, P. praetermissa, Parmeliella praetermissa, P. lepidiota
pulveracea (P. M. Jørg. & Henssen) P. M. Jørg. Syn.:
Pannaria pulveracea
ramulina P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen 2000c)
sorediata P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
thiersii P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
viridescens P. M. Jørg. & Zhurb. (Jørgensen &
Zhurbenko 2002)
californica
(Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c) = Vahliella californica
globigera Fryday & P. M. Jørg. (Fryday 2004a) = Vahliella globigera
hookerioides
P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c) = Vahliella hookerioides
labrata P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2005) = Vahliella labrata
laceratula (Hue) P. M. Jørg. = Steineropsis laceratula (Spribille et al. 2020)
leucophaea
(Vahl) P. M. Jørg. = Vahliella leucophaea
saubinetii
(Mont.) P. M. Jørg. = Vahliella saubinetii
Return To Introduction or go to: A
B C D
E F G
H I J
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U V W
X Z References
Cited
GABURA
Adanson
fascicularis (L.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2014) Syns.: Collema fasciculare, Synechoblastus aggregatus,
S. fascicularis
insignis
(P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg) Magain & Serusiaux (Magain et al. 2020) Syn.: Leptogium insigne
GAMUNDIA
Raithelh.
*leucophylla (Gillet) H. E.
Bigelow Syn.: Fayodia leucophylla
(Bigelow 1983)
*striatula (Kühner) Raitelh. Syn.: Fayodia striatula (Raitelhuber 1983)
GASPARRINIA Tornab. = CALOPLACA
GASSICURTIA Fée
catasema (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia catasema, B.
caloosensis (Marbach 2000)
coccinea Fée Syn.:
Buellia coccinea (Marbach 2000)
subpulcella (Vainio) Marbach Syns.: Buellia subpulcella, B.
pachnidisca (Marbach 2000)
elizae
(Tuck.) Marbach (Marbach 2000) = Buellia elizae (Lendemer et al. 2013)
vernicoma
(Tuck.) Marbach = Buellia vernicoma (Lendemer et al. 2013)
GEISLERIA Nitschke (Aptroot et al. 2014)
sychnogonioides Nitschke Syn.: Strigula sychnogonioides
GELATINOPSIS Rambold & Triebel
#geoglossi (Ellis &
Everh.) Rambold & Triebel (Diederich et al. 2010)
*acarosporicola Kocourk. & K. Knudsen (Kocourková & Knudsen 2009a) =
Llimoniella acarosporicola
GELTINGIA Alstrup & D. Hawksw.
*associata (Th. Fr.) Alstrup & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Lecidea
associata
GLAUCOMARIA M.
Choisy
rupicola (L.) M. Choisy = Lecanora rupicola
sordida (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Lecanora rupicola
GLAUCOTREMA Rivas Plata &
Lumbsch (Rivas Plata et al. 2012)
glaucophaenum (Kremp.) Rivas Plata
& Lumbsch Syns.: Myriotrema
glaucophaenum, Ocellularia glaucophaena
Presence in N.A. is doubtful
GLOBOSPHAERIA D. Hawksw.
*jamesii D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)
GLOEOHEPPIA Gyelnik
polyspora Henssen (Schultz 2002c)
rugosa Henssen (Knudsen et al. 2017)
squamulosa (Zahlbr.) M. Schultz Syn.: Psorotichia squamulosa (Schultz 2007b)
GLYPHIS Ach.
atrofusca (Müll. Arg.) Lücking
(Lücking et al. 2011b) Syn.:
Graphis ferrugineodisca (Lücking & Kalb 2018)
cicatricosa Ach.
scyphulifera (Ach.) Staiger Syn.: Gyrostomum scyphuliferum (Staiger 2002,
Lücking et al. 2011b)
substriatula (Nyl.) Staiger Syn.:
Graphina substriatula (Staiger 2002, Tripp et al. 2010)
achariana Tuck. = G. cicatricosa
confluens Zenker = G. cicatricosa
favulosa Ach. = G. cicatricosa
GLYPHOLECIA Nyl.
scabra (Pers.) Müll. Arg. Syns.: Acarospora rhagadiosa, A.
scabra, A. saxicola
GOMPHILLUS Nyl.
americanus Essl.
calycioides (Duby) Nyl. (Buck 1998)
GONGYLIA Körber
muscorum
Zschacke (North American only) = Protothelenella pluriseptata (Fryday 2004b)
nadvornikii Servít = Segestria mammillosa, but a misidentification for North
America (Fryday 2004b)
GONOHYMENIA J. Steiner = LICHINELLA
cribellifera (Nyl.) Henssen = Lichinella cribellifera
melamphylla (Tuck.) Henssen = Lichinella melamphylla
minnesotensis (Fink) Henssen = Lichinella minnesotensis
nigritella (Lettau) Henssen = Lichinella nigritella
GOWARDIA P. Halonen, L. Myllys, S. Velmala, & H. Hyvärinen
(Halonen et al. 2009, Myllys et al. 2014)
arctica P. Halonen, L. Myllys, S.
Velmala, & H. Hyvärinen Syn.: Alectoria gowardii
nigricans (Ach.) P. Halonen, L.
Myllys, S. Velmala, & H. Hyvärinen
Syn.: Alectoria nigricans
zebrina
Goward & Myllys (Goward & Myllys 2020)
GRANULOPYRENIS Aptroot
hymnothora (Ach.) Aptroot Syns.: Verrucaria hymnothora,
Microthelia hymnothora, Sphaeria bignoniae
GRAPHINA
Müll. Arg. = GRAPHIS (Lücking et al. 2007; Tripp et al. 2010)
abaphoides (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Acanthothecis leucopepla
acharii
(Fée) Müll. Arg. = Allographa acharii
acrophaea Müll. Arg. = Graphis parilis
adscribens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina scolecitis for North American records
anguina
(Mont.) Müll.
Arg. = Thalloloma anguinum
antillarum
(Vainio) Zahlbr. = Graphis antillarum
babingtonii
(Mont.) Zahlbr. = Fissurina insculpta
colliculosa
(Mont.) Hale = Platythecium colliculosum
columbina (Tuck.) M. Wirth & Hale = Fissurina columbina
cypressi
Müll. Arg. = Fissurina cypressi
dimidiata (Vainio) Zahlbr. = misidentification for North America
dumastioides (Fink) ined. = Fissurina dumastioides
floridana
(Tuck.) R. C. Harris = Platythecium floridanum
glaucoderma (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina incrustans
incrustans (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina incrustans
intertexta (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Acanthothecis aurantiaca
leprocarpa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Chapsa leprocarpa
marcescens (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Carbacanthographis marcescens
mendax (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. =
misidentification for North America
nitidescens (Nyl.) Riddle = Fissurina nitidescens
leuconephela
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Fissurina leuconephela
parilis
(Kremp.) Müll. Arg. = Graphis parilis
peplophora
M. Wirth & Hale = Acanthothecis peplophora
platycarpa (Eschw.) Zahlbr. = misidentification for North America
platyleuca
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Harris 1995a) = Diorygma pruinosum
plittii Zahlbr. = Carbacanthographis marcescens
scolecitis
(Tuck.) Fink = Fissurina scolecitis
sophisticascens
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Graphis sophisticascens
subnitida
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Fissurina subnitida
subnitidula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Fissurina subnitidula
substriatula
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Glyphis substriatula
subvirginalis
(Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Acanthothecis mosquitensis
virginalis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina columbina
virginea (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.= Diorygma poitaei
xylophaga
R. C. Harris = Graphis xylophaga
GRAPHIS Adanson
analoga Nyl. (Seavey & Seavey 2011)
anfractuosa Eschw.
antillarum Vainio Syn.: Graphina antillarum
aperiens Müll. Arg.
appendiculata Common & Lücking (Lücking
et al. 2011b)
assimilis Nyl. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
botryosa Tuck.
brittoniae F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2011)
bungartzii Barcenas-Peña, Lücking,
Herrera-Campos & R. Miranda (Seavey et al. 2017)
caesiella Vainio
caesiocarpa Redinger (Lücking et al. 2011b)
caribica Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
chlorotica A. Massal. (Seavey &
Seavey 2011)
chromothecia R. C. Harris
cincta (Pers.) Aptroot (Seavey &
Seavey 2011)
conferta Zenker (Lücking et al. 2011b)
crebra Vainio (Seavey & Seavey
2011)
cupei Vainio ex Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
dendrogramma Nyl. (Seavey &
Seavey 2011)
desquamescens (Fée) Zahlbr.
disserpens Nyl. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach.
elevata F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2011)
endoxantha Nyl. (Lücking 2009)
eulectra Tuck. Syn.: Phaeographis eulectra
filiformis Adaw. & Makhija
(Seavey & Seavey 2011)
furcata Fée (Seavey & Seavey
2011)
glaucescens Fée
haleana R. C. Harris
handelii Zahlbr. (Lücking et al.
2011b)
hinnulea F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2011)
hodgesiana Lendemer (Lendemer 2010b)
hyphosa Staiger (Lendemer 2010b)
intermedians Vainio (Lendemer 2010b)
intricata Fée
inversa R. C. Harris
koltermaniae F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
leptocarpa Fée
leptoclada Müll. Arg
librata C. Knight
lineola Ach.
lucifica R. C. Harris
modesta Zahlbr. (Seavey & Seavey
2011)
neoelongata Lücking (Seavey &
Seavey 2011)
oshioi M. Nakan. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
oxyclada Müll. Arg. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
paralleloides M. Cáceres &
Lücking (Seavey et al. 2014)
parilis Kremp. Syn.: Graphina parilis
(Lücking et al. 2008)
pergracilis (Zahlbr.) Lücking & A. W. Archer (Lücking & McCune
2012)
perstriatula Nyl. (Seavey et al.
2017)
pinicola Zahlbr. (Lendemer 2010b)
platycarpella Müll. Arg.
proserpens Vainio (Tucker 1981)
pseudoserpens Chaves, Lücking &
Umaña (Seavey et al. 2017)
pyrrhocheiloides Zahlbr. (Seavey et
al. 2014)
renschiana (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb.
(Seavey & Seavey 2011)
sauroidea Leighton (Lücking et al. 2011b)
schiffneri Zahlbr. (Seavey et
al. 2014)
scripta (L.) Ach.
sophisticascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Harris & Ladd 2005; Tripp et
al. 2010)
stellata M. Cáceres & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
striatula (Ach.) Sprengel
supracola A. W. Archer (Seavey &
Seavey 2011)
tenella Ach.
xylophaga (R. C. Harris)
Lendemer Syn.: Graphina xylophaga
(Lendemer & Knudsen 2008b)
acharii Fée = Allographa acharii
afzelii Ach. = Dyplolabia afzelii
amicta Nyl. (1935) = Carbacanthographis amicta (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb
(Staiger 2002) Probable
misidentification for North America (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
anguilliformis Taylor (Fink 1935)
Identity uncertain; probable misidentification for North America
(Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
argentata Lücking & Umaña (Lücking et al. 2011b) = Allographa
argentata
atrorubens Tuck. ex Fink = Dimidiographa longissima
babingtonii Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Fissurina insculpta
balbisina Nyl. (Fink 1935) = G. implicata Fée Probable misidentification for North America
(Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
beaumontii Tuck. = Fissurina insidiosa
candidata Nyl. = Carbacanthographis candidata
celtidis Müll. Arg. = G. librata
cinerea Fée (Fink 1935)
Probable misidentification for North America (Esslinger & Tucker
2009)
columbina Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Fissurina columbina
dendritica (Ach.) Ach. (Mohr 1901) = Phaeographis dendritica
diversa Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Leiorreuma
exaltata (Zahlbruckner 1924, Staiger 2002)
dumastii (Fée) Sprengel (Fink 1935) = Fissurina dumastii Fée Probable
misidentification for North America (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
dumastioides Fink = Fissurina dumastioides
elongata Zenker (Seavey et al. 2017) = Allographa
elongata
ferrugineodisca F. Seavey & J. Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017) = Glyphis
atrofusca
floridana Tuck. = Platythecium floridanum
glaucoderma Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Fissurina incrustans
grammatis Fée = Platythecium grammitis
illiterata
R. C. Harris = Fissurina illiterata
incrustans = Fissurina incrustans
insidiosa
(C. Knight & Mitten) Hooker f. = Fissurina insidiosa
intertexta Müll. Arg. = Acanthothecis aurantiaca
inustula Stirton (Stirton 1875) = Thalloloma anguinum
lactea (Fée)
Sprengel (Fink 1935) Identity uncertain (Esslinger & Tucker
2009)
leuconephela Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Fissurina leuconephela
leucopepla
Tuck. =
Acanthothecis leucopepla
longula Kremp.
(Lücking et al. 2011b) = Allographa longula
lumbricina Vainio = Allographa lumbricina
marcescens = Carbacanthographis
marcescens
mosquitensis
Tuck. = Acanthothecis mosquitensis
nitida (Eschw.) Tuck. = Fissurina nitida
nitidescens
Nyl. = Fissurina nitidescens
pavoniana Fée = Allographa pavoniana
poitaeoides
Nyl. =Acanthothecis poitaeoides
pseudocinerea Lücking
(Lücking et al. 2011b) = Allographa pseudocinerea
radiata (Mont.) Nyl. (Fink 1935) Identity uncertain (Esslinger & Tucker
2009)
rigidula Müll. Arg. (Lendemer & Yahr
2004) = G. leptoclada (Lücking 2009)
ramificans Nyl. (Fink 1935) Identity
uncertain (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
rimulosa
(Mont.) Trevisan = Allographa rimulosa
rufula Mont. = Fissurina rufula
saxorum Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1997) =
Redonographa saxorum (Lücking et al. 2013a)
scalpturata Ach. (Mohr 1901) =
Phaeographis scalpturata
scolecitis Tuck. = Fissurina scolecitis
scripta var. varia Ach. (Fink 1935) = G. scripta
sterlingiana E. Tripp & Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2013) = Allographa sterlingiana
subamylacea Zahlbr. = Allographa subamylacea
subdiversa Nyl. (Fink 1935) a nomen
nudum; identity uncertain
subelegans
Nyl. = G. endoxantha (Lücking 2009)
subflexibilis Lücking & Chaves (Lücking et al. 2011b) = Allographa
sublexilis
subnitidula Nyl. = Fissurina subnitidula
subparilis Nyl. = Fissurina rufula
tamiamiensis
Lendemer (Lendemer 2010b) = Allographa tamiamiensis
turbulenta Nyl. = Anomomorpha turbulenta
xanthospora Müll. Arg. (Lücking et al.
2011b) = Allographa xanthospora
GRAPHIUM Corda
*aphthosae Alstrup & D. Hawksw. (Esslinger & Egan
1995)
GREGORELLA Lumbsch (McCune & Stone 2020)
humida (Kullh.) Lumbsch (McCune & Stone 2020)
GYALECTA Ach.
erythrozona Lettau
carneola (Ach.) Hellbom Syn. Pachyphiale carneola (Baloch et al.
2013a)
carneolutea (Turner) H. Olivier
Syns.: Cryptolechia carneolutea (Lücking et al. 2019), Gyalectina
carneolutea
fagicola (Hepp ex Arnold) Kremp. Syn.:
Pachyphiale fagicola (Baloch et al. 2013a)
flotowii Körber
foveolaris (Ach.) Schaerer
friesii Flotow ex Körber
geoica (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Secoliga geoica
gyalizella (Nyl.) Baloch &
Lücking Syn.: Pachyphiale gyalizella
(Baloch et al. 2013a)
herrei Vězda
*hypoleuca (Ach.) Zahlbr. (McMullin
et al. 2017)
jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr.
kukriensis (Räsänen) Räsänen
nana
Tuck. Syn.: Cryptolechia nana (Lücking
et al. 2019)
obesispora R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2013a)
peziza (Mont.) Anzi
russula (Körber ex Nyl.) Baloch,
Lumbsch & Wedin Syns.: Belonia
fennica, B. russula (Baloch et al. 2013a)
truncigena (Ach.) Hepp
cupularis (Hedwig) Schaerer = G.
jenensis
farlowii Tuck. ex Nyl. = Petractis farlowii
geoica (Wahlenb. Ex Ach.) Ach. var. trivialis Willey ex Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882)
= Absconditella trivialis
lamprospora Nyl. = Bactrospora metabola (Joseph
et al. 2021)
lutea (Dickson) Tuck. = Coenogonium luteum
odora Ach. (Fink 1935) = Ionaspis odora
pineti (Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Coenogonium pineti
radiatilis Tuck. = Skyttea radiatilis
rhexoblephara (Nyl.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Rhexophiale rhexoblephara
valenzueliana (Mont.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Ramonia valenzueliana
GYALECTARIA Schmitt, Kalb &
Lumbsch (Schmitt et al. 2010)
diluta (Björk, G. Thor & T. B.
Wheeler) Schmitt, T. Sprib. & Lumbsch (Schmitt et al. 2010)
GYALECTIDIUM Müll. Arg.
appendiculatum Lücking, Lendemer
& E. Tripp (Lücking et al. 2007, Lendemer & Tripp 2008)
catenulatum (Cavalc. & A. A.
Silva) L. I. Ferraro, Lücking & Sérus.
(Lücking et al. 2007)
filicinum Müll. Arg.
floridense Safranek & Lücking
(Safranek & Lücking 2005)
imperfectum Vězda (Ferraro, Lücking & Sérusiaux 2001)
paolae Herrera-Campos & Lücking
(Sanders & de los Ríos 2015)
tuckerae Lücking & Lendemer
(Lücking et al. 2007)
ulloae Herrera-Campos &
Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
viride Lücking, W. R. Buck &
Rivas Plata (Lücking et al. 2007)
yahriae W. R. Buck & Sérus. (Buck & Sérusiaux 2000)
rotuliforme Müll. Arg. = Asterothyrium rotuliforme
GYALECTINA Vězda = GYLECTA
carneolutea (Turner) Vězda = Gyalecta carneolutea
GYALIDEA Lettau ex Vězda
asteriscus (Anzi) Aptroot &
Lücking (Aptroot & Lücking 2003) Syn.: Solorinella asteriscus
fritzei (Stein) Vězda (Hutten
et al. 2013)
hyalinescens (Nyl.) Vězda
lecideopsis (A. Massal.) Lettau ex Vězda
lecideopsis var. eucarpa (Servít) Vězda
lecideopsis var. kurdistanica (J. Steiner)
Vězda
roseola (Arnold) Lettau (Brodo 1995)
subscutellaris (Vězda) Vězda (Spribille et al. 2020)
dodgei Vězda = G. hyalinescens
lecideopsis var. convarians (Nyl.) Vězda = G. lecideopsis var. eucarpa
GYALIDEOPSIS Vězda
africana Kalb & Vězda
(Lücking et al. 2007)
americana Lücking & W. R. Buck
(Lücking et al. 2007)
bartramiorum Lendemer (Lendemer
2017b)
berenice (Ellis & Everh.)
Lücking & W. R. Buck
buckii Lücking, Sérus. &
Vězda (Lücking et al. 2007) Syn.: Tricharia vezdae
epicorticis (A. Funk) Tønsberg &
Vězda (Lücking et al. 2007) Syn.: Microlychnus epicorticis
floridae Etayo & Diederich (Etayo & Diederich 2001)
helvetica van den Boom &
Vězda (Spribille & Björk 2008)
lambinonii Vězda (Lücking et
al. 2007)
macarthurii Lücking, Umaña &
Aptroot (Lücking et al. 2007)
mexicana Tretiach, Giralt &
Vězda (Lendemer 2011a, Lendemer & Tripp 2014)
moodyae Lendemer & Lücking
(Lendemer & Lücking 2004)
muscicola
P. James & Vězda (Spribille et al. 2020)
ozarkensis Lücking, W. R. Buck &
R. C. Harris (Lücking et al. 2007)
piceicola (Nyl.) Vězda & Poelt
pusilla Lücking & Tønsberg
(Lücking & Tønsberg 2016)
sessile W. B. Sanders & Lücking
(Sanders & Lücking 2015)
subaequatoriana Lücking & W. R.
Buck (Lücking et al. 2007)
submonospora Lücking & W. R.
Buck (Lücking et al. 2007)
vainioi Kalb & Vězda var. semicirculata Lücking & W. R. Buck
(Lücking et al. 2007)
vainioi Kalb & Vězda var. vainioi
wesselsii Lücking, Sipman & Chaves (Lücking et al. 2007)
alnicola W. Noble & Vězda = G. piceicola
anastomosans
P. James & Vězda = Jamesiella anastomosans
athalloides
(Nyl.) Vězda = Diploschistella athalloides
muscicola
P. James & Vězda (Tønsberg 1997) = misidentification of G. moodyae
(Lücking et al. 2007)
GYALOLECHIA A. Massal. (Arup et al.
2013)
allochroa
(Y. Joshi, Vondrák & Hur) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (Spribille et al.
2020)
bracteata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. subsp.
bracteata Syn.: Caloplaca bracteata, Fulgensia
bracteata
bracteata subsp. bracteata var. alpina (Th. Fr.) ined. Syn.:
Fulgensia bracteata subsp. bracteata var. alpina
bracteata subsp. deformis (Poelt) Hafellner &
Türk Syn.: Fulgensia bracteata subsp.
deformis
desertorum (Tomin) Søchting, Frödén
& Arup Syn.: Fulgensia desertorum
epiphyta (Lynge) Vondrák Syns.: Caloplaca arizonica, C. epiphyta
(Vondrák et al. 2016)
flavorubescens (Hudson) Søchting, Frödén & Arup
Syns.: Caloplaca aurantiaca, C. flavorubescens
flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting,
Frödén & Arup Syns.: Caloplaca
erythrella, C. flavovirescens
fulgens (Sw.) Søchting, Frödén &
Arup Syns.: Caloplaca fulgens, Fulgensia
fulgens, Placodium fulgens
persimilis (Wetmore) Søchting,
Frödén & Arup Syn.: Caloplaca
persimilis
stantonii (W. A. Weber ex Arup)
Søchting, Frödén & Arup Syn.:
Caloplaca stantonii
stipitata (Wetmore) Søchting, Frödén
& Arup Syn.: Caloplaca stipitata
subbracteata (Nyl.) Søchting, Frödén
& Arup Syn.: Fulgensia subbracteata
xanthostigmoidea (Räsänen) Søchting,
Frödén & Arup Syns.: C. discolor, C.
xanthostigmoidea, Placodium ferrugineum var. discolor
arizonica (H. Magn.) Søchting, Frödén & Arup = G. epiphyta (Vondrák et al.
2016)
GYMNODERMA Nyl.
lineare (A. Evans) Yoshim. & Sharp = Cetradonia linearis
GYPSOPLACA Timdal
macrophylla (Zahlbr.) Timdal
rosulata H. X. Shi, Li S.Wang and
Timdal (Shi et al. 2018)
GYROGRAPHA Ertz & Tehler (Ertz et al. 2015b)
gyrocarpa (Flotow) Ertz &
Tehler Syn.: Opegrapha gyrocarpa (Ertz
et al. 2015b)
GYROPHORA Ach. = UMBILICARIA
angulata (Tuck.) Herre = Umbilicaria angulata
anthracina (Wulfen) Körber = Umbilicaria rigida
arctica Ach. = Umbilicaria arctica
cylindrica (L.) Ach. = Umbilicaria cylindrica
decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. = Umbilicaria decussata
deusta (L.) Ach. = Umbilicaria deusta
dillenii (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. = Umbilicaria mammulata
erosa (G. Weber) Ach. = Umbilicaria torrefacta
flocculosa (Wulfen) Turner & Borrer =
Umbilicaria deusta
grisea Swartz (Fink 1935) = Umbilicaria grisea Hoffm. = misidentification for North America
(Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
hyperborea Ach. = Umbilicaria hyperborea var. hyperborea
muhlenbergii Ach. = Umbilicaria muhlenbergii
phaea (Tuck.) Nyl. = Umbilicaria phaea
polyphylla (L.) Funck = Umbilicaria polyphylla
polyrrhiza (L.) Körber = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza
proboscidea (L.) Ach. (Fink 1935) = Umbilicaria proboscidea
rugifera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (Fink 1935) = Umbilicaria virginis (Llano 1950)
torrefacta (Lightf.) Cromb. (Fink 1935) = Umbilicaria torrefacta
vellea (L.) Ach. = Umbilicaria vellea
GYROPHTHORUS Hafellner & Sancho (McCune 2020b)
*perforans Hafellner & Sancho (McCune 2020b)
GYROSTOMUM Fr.
curtisii Tuck. (Fink 1935) = Baculifera curtisii
scyphuliferum
(Ach.) Nyl. = Glyphis scyphuliferum
Return
To Introduction or go to: A B
C D E
F G H
I J K
L M N
O P R
S T U
V W X
Z References Cited
HAEMATOMMA A. Massal.
accolens (Stirton) Hillm. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
americanum Kalb & Staiger (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
fenzlianum A. Massal. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
flexuosum Hillm. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
guyanense Kalb & Staiger (Brodo
et al. 2008)
leprarioides (Vainio) Vainio (Brodo
et al. 2008)
ochroleucum (Necker) J. R. Laundon var. ochroleucum
ochroleucum (Necker) J. R. Laundon var. porphyrium
(Pers.) J. R. Laundon Syn.: H.
porphyrium
persoonii (Fée) A. Massal. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
rufidulum (Fée) A. Massal. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
caesium Coppins & P. James = Mycoblastus caesius
californicum Sigal & D. Toren = Ophioparma rubricosa (Ekman1996)
cismonicum Beltr. = Loxospora cismonica
coccineum (Dickson) Körber = misidentification for North America
elatinum (Ach.) A. Massal. = Loxospora elatina
lapponicum Räsänen = Ophioparma lapponica
ochrophaeum (Tuck.) A. Massal. = Loxospora ochrophaea
pacificum Hasse = Ophioparma rubricosa (Staiger & Kalb 1995, Ekman 1996)
porphyrium (Pers.) Zopf = H. ochroleucum var. porphyrium
puniceum (Sw.) A. Massal. North Amrican
records are H. persoonii
pustulatum Brodo & W. L. Culb. = Lepra pustulata
rappii Zahlbr. = Schismatomma rappii
subpuniceum (Fée) B. de Lesd. = H. fenzlianum
ventosum (L.) A. Massal. = Ophioparma ventosa
HAFELLIA Kalb, H.
Mayrhofer & Scheid. = Buellia (Nordin & Tibell 2005)
arnoldii
(Servít) Hafellner & Türk = Buellia arnoldii
bahiana
(Malme) Sheard = Buellia bahiana
bahiana var. pleiotera (Malme) Sheard = Buellia pleiotera (Perlmutter &
Rivas Plata 2018)
bahiana
var. pleiotropa
(Malme) Sheard = Buellia pleiotera (Perlmutter & Rivas Plata 2018)
callispora
(C. Knight) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard = Buellia callispora
curatellae (Malme) Marbach (Marbach
2000) = Buellia curatellae
disciformis
(Fr.) Marbach & H. Mayrhofer = Buellia disciformis
fosteri
Imshaug & Sheard = a species of Buellia
parastata
(Nyl.) Kalb
= Buellia parastata
pleiotera (Malme) Marbach (Hansen et al. 2008) = Buellia pleiotera
HAFELLNERA Houmeau & Cl. Roux
parasemella
(Nyl.) Houmeau & Cl. Roux =
Schaereria parasemella
HALECANIA M. Mayrhofer
#alpivaga
(Th. Fr.) M. Mayrhofer Syns.: Lecania alpivaga, L. disceptans, L. thallophila,
Lecanora disceptans
athallina
Fryday (Spribille et al. 2020)
australis Lumbsch (van den Boom
& Ryan 2004a)
pepegospora (H. Magn.) van den Boom (van den Boom & Elix 2005) Syn.: Lecania pepegospora
viridescens Coppins & P. James
HALEGRAPHA Rivas Plata & Lücking
(Lücking et al. 2011a, 2011b)
floridana Common & Lücking
HALOSPORA (Zschacke) Tomas. &
Cif.
*discrepans (J. Lahm ex Arnold) Hafellner
(Dillman et al. 2012)
HARPIDIUM Körber
nashii Scheid. (Schultz et al. 2000)
glaucophanum (Hasse) Hasse = Rhizoplaca glaucophana
HASSEA Zahlbr.
*bacillosa
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Sarcopyrenia bacillosa
HAZSLINSZKYA Körber (Ertz & Diederich
2015)
gibberulosa (Ach.) Körber
Misidentifications for North America (Perlmutter et al. 2015)
HAWKSWORTHIANA U. Braun
*peltigericola (D. Hawks.) U. Braun
HEIOMASIA Nelsen, Lücking & Rivas Plata (Nelsen &
Lücking 2010 [2011])
seaveyorum Nelsen & Lücking
HELMINTHOCARPON Fée
leprevostii Fée
HELOCARPON Th. Fr.
crassipes Th. Fr. Syns.: Lecidea crassipes, Micarea crassipes
lesdainii (Zahlbr.) Breuss (Breuss 2001)
corticola Breuss (Etayo 1998) = H. lesdainii
HEMIGRAPHA (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex D. Hawksw.
*graphidicola Diederich & Common (Diederich et al. 2019)
HENRICA B. de Lesd.
americana Breuss (Breuss 2002c)
melaspora (Taylor) Savić &
Tibell Syn.: Polyblastia melaspora (Savić & Tibell 2008)
theleodes (Sommerf.) Savić,
Tibell & Nav.-Ros. Syn.: Polyblastia
theleodes (Savić & Tibell 2008)
HEPPIA Nägeli
adglutinata (Kremp.) A. Massal.
conchiloba Zahlbr.
despreauxii (Mont.) Tuck. (Büdel et al. 2002) Syns.:
Anema dodgei, Solorinaria despreauxii (Schultz 2007b)
lutosa (Ach.) Nyl.
alumenensis Herre Excluded from North American flora; type not found.
bolanderi (Tuck.) Vainio = Peltula bolanderi
deserticola Zahlbr. = Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
euploca (Ach.) Vainio = Peltula euploca
guepinii (Delise) Nyl. = Peltula euploca
hassei Zahlbr. = Peltula
hassei
leptopholis Nyl. ex Hasse = Peltula patellata
macrospora B. de Lesd. = H. conchiloba
placodizans Zahlbr. = Peltula placodizans.
planescens Nyl. Excluded from North American flora; type not found.
polyphylla B. de Lesd. = Peltula euploca
polyspora Tuck. = Peltula patellata
psammophila Nyl. = misidentification for North America
richardsii Herre = Peltula richardsii
terrena Nyl. ex Hasse = Peltula patellata
tortuosa (Nees) Vainio = Peltula tortuosa
virescens (Despr.) Nyl. = H. lutosa
zahlbruckneri Hasse = Peltula zahlbruckneri
HERPOTHALLON Tobler (Aptroot et al. 2009)
echinatum Aptroot, Lücking &
Will-Wolf (Lücking et al. 2011b)
hyposticticum F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
rubrocinctum (Ehrenb.: Fr.) Aptroot,
Lücking & G. Thor Syns. Cryptothecia
rubrocincta, C. sanguineum
rubroechinatum Frisch & G. Thor
(Frisch et al. 2010)
antillarum (Vainio) Aptroot, Lücking & G. Thor (Lücking et al. 2011b) =
Diorygma antillarum
HERTELIANA P. James
alaskensis (Nyl.) S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia alaskensis, Lecidea
alaskensis (Ekman 1996)
schuyleriana Lendemer (Lendemer 2016c)
HERTELIDEA Printzen & Kantvilas
(Printzen & Kantvilas 2004)
botryosa (Fr.) Printzen &
Kantvilas Syns.: Biatora botryosa, Lecidea botryosa (Printzen
& Kantvilas 2004)
pseudobotryosa R. C. Harris, Ladd
& Printzen (Printzen & Kantvilas 2004)
HETEROCARPON Müll. Arg.
*ochroleucum (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Endocarpon ochroleucum
HETEROCEPHALACRIA Berthier
*bachmannii (Diederich & M. S. Christ.) Millanes & Wedin
(McMullin et al. 2017, Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas 2017) Syn.: Syzygospora
bachmannii
*physciacearum
(Diederich) Millanes & Wedin (Diederich et al. 2018) Syn.: Syzygospora physciacearum
HETEROCYPHELIUM Vainio
leucampyx (Tuck.) Vainio
HETERODERMIA Trevisan
albicans (Pers.) Swinscow & Krog Syns.: Anaptychia
domingensis, A. ravenelii, Physcia ravenelii
appalachensis (Kurok.) W. L. Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia
appalachensis
boryi (Fée) K. P. Singh & S. R. Singh Syns.: Anaptychia
boryi, A. neoleucomelaena
casarettiana (A. Massal.) Trevisan Syn.: Anaptychia
casarettiana
chondroidea W. A. Weber & D. D. Awasthi Syn.: Anaptychia
chondroidea
comosa (Eschw.) Follm. & Redón (Harris 1995b) Syn.: Physcia comosa
crocea R. C. Harris North American reports of H. corallophora
belong here
dendritica (Pers.) Poelt Syn.: Anaptychia dendritica
diademata (Taylor) D. D. Awasthi Syn.: Anaptychia diademata
echinata (Taylor) W. L. Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia echinata
erecta Lendemer (Lendemer 2009a)
erinacea (Ach.) W. A. Weber Syns.: Anaptychia erinacea,
Physcia erinacea
galactophylla (Tuck.) W. L. Culb. Syns.: Anaptychia comosa
(for North American records), A. galactophylla
granulifera (Ach.) W. L. Culb. Syns.: Anaptychia granulifera,
Physcia granulifera
hypoleuca (Muhl.) Trevisan Syn.: Anaptychia hypoleuca
japonica (M. Satô) Swinscow & Krog
langdoniana Lendemer & E. Tripp (Tripp & Lendemer 2019)
leucomela (L.) Poelt Syns.: Anaptychia
"leucomelaena", Physcia leucomela
microphylla (Kurok.) Skorepa
Questionable for N. America (Lendemer 2009a)
namaquana Brusse (Esslinger & Bratt 1998)
neglecta Lendemer, R. C. Harris
& E. Tripp (Lendemer et al. 2007)
obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan Syns.: Anaptychia heterochroa, A.
hypoleuca var. colorata, A. obscurata, A. sorediifera
palpebrata (Taylor) Vainio (Moberg 2011)
podocarpa (Bél.) Awasthi (Moberg & Nash 1999)
pseudospeciosa (Kurok.) W. L. Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia
pseudospeciosa
rugulosa (Kurok.) Wetmore
sitchensis Goward & W. Noble
speciosa (Wulfen) Trevisan Syns.: Anaptychia pseudospeciosa
var. tremulans, A. speciosa
squamulosa (Degel.) W. L. Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia squamulosa
tropica (Kurok.) Sipman Syn.: Anaptychia tropica (Marcano et
al. 1996)
barbifera
(Nyl.) K. P. Singh = misidentification for N.A. (Lendemer 2009a)
corallophora (Taylor) Skorepa = H. crocea for North American reports
domingensis (Ach.) Trevisan = H. albicans
leucomelaena (L.) Poelt = H. leucomela
neoleucomelaena (Kurok.) Follmann & Redón = H. boryi
propagulifera
(Vainio) J. P. Dey = misidentification
for North America, mostly H. neglecta (Lendemer et al. 2007)
tremulans (Müll. Arg.) W. L. Culb. = H. speciosa
HETEROPLACIDIUM Breuss (Breuss 1996)
#compactum (A. Massal.)
Gueidan & Cl. Roux (Prieto et al. 2012) Syns.: Catapyrenium compactum,
Dermatocarpon compactum, Verrucaria compacta
congestum (Breuss & McCune) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium
congestum
#transmutans K. Knudsen,
Breuss & Kocourk. (Knudsen et al. 2014a)
#zamenhofianum (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) Cl. Roux (Kocourková et al.
2012) Syn.: Verrucaria zamenhofiana
acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) Breuss = Placidium acarosporoides
podolepis
(Breuss) Breuss = Placidium podolepis
HETEROTHECIUM Flotow
augustinii (Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lopadium augustinii
conspersum (Fée) Flotow = Piccolia conspersa
domingense (Pers.) Flowtow = Letrouitia domingense
grossum (Pers. ex Nyl.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Megalaria grossa
leptocheilum Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Megalaria leptocheila
leucoxanthum (Sprengel) A. Massal. = Brigantiaea leucoxantha
nannarium Tuck. = Piccolia nannaria
pachycheilum Tuck. = Megalospora pachycheila
pezizoideum (Ach.) Stizenb. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lopadium pezizoideum
porphyrites (Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Megalospora porphyritis
sanguinarium (L.) Flotow
(Tuckerman 1888) = Mycoblastus sanguinarius
tuberculosum (Fée) Flotow =
Megalospora tuberculosa
versicolor Flotow (Tuckerman 1888) = Megalaria versicolor
vulpinum (Tuck.) Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1888) = Letrouitia vulpina
HOBSONIA Massee
*christiansenii B. L. Brady & D. Hawksw. = Illosporiopsis christiansenii
HOBSONIOPSIS D. Hawksw. (Sikaroodi et al. 2001)
*santessonii (Lowen & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. (Diederich
2003)
HOMOSTEGIA Fuckel
*dermatocarpi Alstrup & M. S. Cole (Alstrup & Cole
1998)
*hertelii D. Hawksw., V. Atienza
& M. Cole (Hawksworth et al. 2004)
*piggotii (Berk. & Broome) P. Karsten (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*parmeliana
(Jacz.) Vouaux (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) Erroneous report based on H.
hertelii (Hawksworth et al. 2004)
HUBBSIA W. A. Weber (Tehler et al. 1997)
californica (Räsänen) W. A. Weber Syn.: Reinkella californica
lumbricoides W. A. Weber = Schizopelte lumbricoides (Ertz & Tehler 2011),
but not known north of Mexico
parishii
(Hasse) Tehler, Loht., Myllys & Sundin = Schizopelte parishii (Ertz &
Tehler 2011)
HUILIA Zahlbr. = PORPIDIA
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel = Porpidia albocaerulescens
cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel = Porpidia cinereoatra
crustulata (Ach.) Hertel = Porpidia crustulata
elegantior ( H. Magn.) Hertel = Amygdalaria elegantior
flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel = Porpidia flavicunda
glaucophaea (Körber) Hertel = Porpidia rugosa
macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel = Porpidia macrocarpa
melinodes (Körber) Hertel = Porpidia melinodes
nigrocruenta (Anzi) Hertel = Porpidia macrocarpa
panaeola (Ach.) Hertel = Amygdalaria panaeola
platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel = Porpidia platycarpoides
soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) Hertel = Porpidia soredizodes
superba (Körber) Hertel = Porpidia superba
tuberculosa (Sm.) P. James = Porpidia tuberculosa
HYALOPEZIZA Fuckel
*rapax Huhtinen (Huhtinen et al.
2008)
HYDROPUNCTARIA Keller, Gueidan & Thüs (Gueidan et al. 2009)
alaskana
Thüs & Pérez-Ort. (Spribille et al. 2020)
amphibia (Clemente) Orange (Orange 2012)
Syn.: Verrucaria amphibia
maura (Wahlenb.) C. Keller, Gueidan
& Thüs Syn.: Verrucaria maura
rheitrophila (Zschacke) C. Keller,
Gueidan & Thüs Syns.: Verrucaria kernstockii, V. rheitrophila
scabra (Vězda) C. Keller,
Gueidan & Thüs (McCune et al. 2014b)
HYDROTHYRIA J. L. Russell
= PELTIGERA
venosa
J. L. Russell = Peltigera hydrothyria
HYMENELIA Kremp.
arctica (Lynge) Lutzoni Syn.: Ionaspis arctica, I. epulotica
var. arctica
ceracea (Arnold ) M. Choisy
cyanocarpa (Anzi) Lutzoni (Miller et
al. 2005)
epulotica (Ach.) Lutzoni Syns.: Ionaspis epulotica, Lecanora
epulotica, L. epulotica var. subepulotica
heteromorpha (Kremp.) Lutzoni Syns.: Ionaspis heteromorpha, I.
annularis, I. ochracella, I. reducta, I. schismatopis
melanocarpa (Kremp.) Arnold Syn.: Ionaspis melanocarpa
parva Fryday & J. W. McCarthy
(Fryday & McCarthy 2018)
rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni Syns.: Ionaspis ochromicra, I.
rhodopis
lacustris (With.) M. Choisy = Ionaspis lacustris
ochrolemma (Vainio) Gowan & Ahti = Porpidia ochrolemma
prevostii (Duby) Kremp. = H. epulotica
HYPERPHYSCIA Müll. Arg.
adglutinata (Flörke) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Syns.: Parmelia
obscura var. adglutinata, Physcia adglutinata, P. elaeina, Physciopsis
adglutinata, P. elaeina
confusa Essl., C. A. Morse & S.
Leavitt (Esslinger et al. 2012)
minor (Fée) D. D. Awasthi Syns.: Physcia minor, Physciopsis
minor
pyrithrocardia (Müll. Arg.) Moberg
& Aptroot (Esslinger et al. 2012) Syn.: Physcia adglutinata f.
pyrithrocardia
syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb Syns.: Physcia syncolla, Physciopsis
syncolla
HYPOCENOMYCE M. Choisy
scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) M. Choisy Syns.: Biatora ostreata,
Lecidea scalaris, L. ostreata, Psora scalaris, P. ostreata
anthracophila
(Nyl.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider (Timdal 2002a) = Carbonicola
anthracophila
castaneocinerea
(Räsänen) Timdal = Carbonicola myrmecina
friesii
(Ach.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider = Xylopsora friesii
leucococca R. Sant. = Toensbergia
leucococca
oligospora
Timdal (Timdal 2001) = Fulgidea oligospora
praestabilis (Nyl.) Timdal = Pycnora praestabilis
sierrae
Timdal (Timdal 2001) = Fulgidea sierrae
sorophora (Vainio) P. James & Poelt = Pycnora sorophora
xanthococca (Sommerf.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider = Pycnora xanthococca
HYPOGYMNIA (Nyl.) Nyl.
apinnata Goward & McCune
austerodes (Nyl.) Räsänen Syn.: Parmelia austerodes
beringiana (Krog) McCune (McCune
2008)
bitteri (Lynge) Ahti Syn.: Parmelia bitteri
canadensis Goward & McCune
(Goward & McCune 2007)
castanea McCune & Krog (McCune
2008)
dichroma Goward (Goward et al. 2012)
duplicata (Ach.) Rass. Syn.: Parmelia elongata (Spribille et
al. 2010)
enteromorpha (Ach.) Nyl. Syn.: Parmelia physodes var.
enteromorpha
farinacea Zopf
Uncertain for North America (Goward et al. 2012)
fistulosa McCune & Krog (McCune
2008)
gracilis McCune (McCune 2002)
heterophylla L. Pike
hultenii (Degel.)
Krog Syn.: Cavernularia hultenii
(Miądlikowska et al. 2011)
imshaugii Krog
inactiva (Krog) Ohlsson
incurvoides Rass. (McCune et al. 2006)
krogiae Ohlsson
lophyrea (Ach.) Krog Syns.: Cavernularia lophyrea, Parmelia
lophyrea (Miądlikowska et al. 2011), P. cribellata
lugubris (Pers.) Krog
minilobata McCune & Schoch
(McCune & Schoch 2009)
mollis L. Pike & Hale
occidentalis L. Pike
oceanica Goward
physodes (L.) Nyl. Syns.: Parmelia duplicata var.
douglasicola, P. physodes, P. physodes var. obscurata, P. oregana
protea Goward, T. Sprib. & Ahti
(Goward et al. 2012)
pulverata (Nyl. ex Crombie) Elix
recurva Goward, Björk, & Hollinger (Goward et al. 2010)
rugosa (G. Merr.) L. Pike
salsa Goward (Goward et al. 2012)
schizidiata McCune (McCune 2002)
subcapitata (Nyl.) Rass.
subobscura (Vainio) Poelt Syn.: Parmelia subobscura
subphysodes (Kremp.) Filson (McCune & Rosentreter 1997)
tubulosa (Schaerer) Hav. Syn.: Parmelia tubulosa
verruculosa Goward (Goward et al.
2012)
vittata (Ach.) Parrique Syn.: Parmelia physodes var. vittata,
P. vittata
wilfiana Goward, T. Sprib. &
Ahti (Goward et al. 2010)
amplexa Goward, Björk & T. B. Wheeler (Lumbsch et al. 2011) = H. imshaugii
(McCune et al. 2011)
atrofusca (Schaerer) Räsänen = Brodoa atrofusca, but North American reports are
misidentifications
bitteriana (Zahlbr.) Räsänen = H. farinacea
elongata (Hillm.) Rass. = H. duplicata
encausta (Sm.) Walter Watson = Brodoa intestiniformis (but see below)
intestiniformis (Vill.) Räsänen = Brodoa intestiniformis, but North American
records are misidentifications of, e.g., Brodoa oroarctica
metaphysodes
(Asahina) Rass. = misidentification for North America (Goward et al. 2010)
oroarctica Krog = Brodoa oroarctica
pseudophysodes (Asahina) Rass. North American reports are H. oceanica
HYPOTRACHYNA (Vainio) Hale
afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow (Knudsen & Lendemer 2005b)
appalachensis Lendemer & J. L. Allen (Lendemer & Allen 2020)
britannica (D. Hawksw. & P. James) Coppins (Lendemer & Allen
2020)
catawbiensis (Degel.) Divakar, A.
Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch
Syns.: Cetrariastrum catawbiense, Everniastrum catawbiense, Parmelia
sorocheila var. catawbiensis
consimilis (Vainio) Hale (Lendemer
& Harris 2016)
costaricensis (Nyl.) Hale
croceopustulata (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia croceopustulata
cryptochlora (Vainio) D. Hawksw.
& A. Crespo Syns.: Parmelinopsis
cryptochlora (Divakar et al. 2013)
dactylifera (Vainio) Hale (Nash et al. 1998)
densirhizinata (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia densirhizinata
dentella (Hale & Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia dentella
ensifolia (Kurok.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia ensifolia, P.
lobulifera var. insensitiva
gondylophora (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia gondylophora
horrescens (Taylor) Krog &
Swinscow Syns.: Parmelia horrescens,
Parmelina horrescens, Parmelinopsis horrescens (Divakar 2013)
imbricatula (Zahlbr.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia imbricatula, P. lobulifera, P.
lobulifera var. luteoreagens
kauffmaniana Lendemer & J. L. Allen
(Lendemer & Allen 2020)
laevigata (Sm.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia laevigata
livida (Taylor) Hale Syn.: Parmelia livida
lividescens (Kurok.) Hale (Hodkinson
2010)
meridensis Hale & López (Nash et al. 2002)
mcmulliniana Lendemer & J. L. Allen
(Lendemer & Allen 2020)
minarum (Vainio) Krog &
Swinscow Syns.: Parmelia dissecta, P.
hubrichtii, Parmelina dissecta, P. minarum, Parmelinopsis minarum (Divakar
2013)
oprah Lendemer & J. L. Allen
(Lendemer & Allen 2019)
oostingii (J. P. Dey) Hale Syn.: Parmelia oostingii
osseoalba (Vainio) Park & Hale Syns.: Parmelia formosana
polydactyla (Krog & Swinscow) T. H. Nash
producta Hale Syn.: Parmelia producta
prolongata (Kurok.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia prolongata, P.
lobulifera var. sanguineoreagens, P. rachista
pseudosinuosa (Asahina) Hale
pulvinata (Fée) Hale Syn.: Parmelia pulvinata
punoensis Kurok. & K. H. Moon (Nash et al. 2002)
pustulifera (Hale) Skorepa Syn.: Parmelia pustulifera
revoluta (Flörke) Hale Syn.: Parmelia revoluta
riparia McCune (McCune 1998a)
rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia rockii
showmanii Hale
sinuosa (Sm.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia sinuosa
spumosa (Asahina) Krog &
Swinscow Syns.: Parmelia spumosa, Parmelina
spumosa, Parmelinopsis spumosa (Divakar et al. 2013)
subsaxatilis (B. de Lesd.) Hale
swinscowii (Hale) Krog &
Swinscow Syns.: Parmelia swinscowii,
Parmelina swinscowii, Parmelinopsis swinscowii (Divakar et al. 2013)
taylorensis (M. E. Mitch.) Hale (Groner & Dietrich 1996)
thysanota (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia thysanota
virginica (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia virginica
formosana (Zahlbr.) Hale = H. osseoalba
rachista (Hale) Hale = H. prolongata
sorocheila
(Vainio) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch Reports apparently based on H. catawbiensis
(Egan 1987)
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Z References Cited
ICMADOPHILA Trevisan
ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr.
Syn.: Baeomyces aeruginosa
ILLOSPORIOPSIS D. Hawksw.
*christiansenii (B. L. Brady & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawks.
(Sikaroodi et al. 2001)
ILLOSPORIUM Martius
*carneum Fr.
*corallinum Roberge = Marchandiomyces corallinus
IMMERSARIA Rambold & Pietschm.
#athroocarpa
(Ach.) Rambold & Pietschm.
carbonoidea (J. W. Thomson) Esnault & Cl. Roux Syn.:
Lecidea carbonoidea
IMSHAUGIA S. F. Meyer
aleurites (Ach.) S. F. Meyer Syns.: Cetraria aleurites,
Parmelia aleurites, P. ambigua var. albescens, Parmeliopsis aleurites
placorodia (Ach.) S. F. Meyer Syns.: Cetraria aleurites var.
placorodia, Parmeliopsis placorodia
INGVARIELLA Guderley & Lumbsch
bispora (Bagl.) Guderley & Lumbsch
(Lumbsch 2004)
INODERMA
(Ach.) Gray
byssaceum (Weigel) Gray Syn.:
Arthonia byssacea (Frisch et al. 2015)
INTRALICHEN D. Hawksw. & M. S. Cole
*baccisporus
Hawksworth & M. S. Cole (Hawksworth & Cole 2002)
*christiansenii
(D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & M. S. Cole Syn.: Bispora christiansenii
(Hawksworth & Cole 2002)
*lichenicola (M. S. Christ. & D.
Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & M. S. Cole (Kocourková et al. 2012)
*lichenum (Diederich) D. Hawksw.
& M. S. Cole (Hawksworth & Cole 2002)
Syn.: Bispora lichenum
INVOLUCROPYRENIUM Breuss (Breuss 1996)
waltheri (Kremp.) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium waltheri,
Dermatocarpon waltheri
IONASPIS Th. Fr.
alba Lutzoni
lacustris (With.) Lutzoni
Syns.: Hymenelia lacustris, Aspicilia lacustris, Lecanora lacustris, L.
deplanans
lavata H. Magn. Syn.: Lecanora lavata
obtecta (Vainio) R. Sant. (McCune et al. 2014b)
odora (Ach.) Th. Fr. ex Stein
Syns.: Gyalecta odora, Lecanora
odora
suaveolens (Fr.) Th. Fr. ex Stein
annularis H. Magn. (Thomson 1997) = Hymenelia heteromorpha
arctica Lynge = Hymenelia arctica
chrysophana (Körber) Stein = I. suaveolens
epulotica (Ach.) Blomb. & Forssell = Hymenelia epulotica
epulotica var. arctica (Lynge) H. Magn. = Hymenelia arctica
heteromorpha (Kremp.) Arnold = Hymenelia heteromorpha
melanocarpa (Kremp.) Arnold = Hymenelia melanocarpa
ochracella (Nyl.) H. Magn. = Hymenelia heteromorpha
ochromicra (Nyl.) Hue = Hymenelia rhodopis
reducta H. Magn. = Hymenelia heteromorpha
rhodopis (Sommerf.) Blomb. & Forssell = Hymenelia rhodopis
schismatopis (Nyl.) Hue = Hymenelia heteromorpha
spitsbergensis H. Magn. = nom. Invalidum
IVANPISUTIA S.Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös & J.-S. Hur (Kondratyuk et
al. 2020)
hypophaea (Printzen & Tønsberg) S. Y. Kondr. Syn.: Biatora hypophaea
ocelliformis (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Biatora ocelliformis
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Z References Cited
JAMESIELLA Lücking, Sérus. & Vězda
anastomosans (P. James & Vězda) Lücking, Sérus. &
Vězda (Lücking et al. 2007) Syn.: Gyalideopsis anastomosans
dacryoidea Fryday (Fryday
& Dillman 2021)
scotica (P. James) Lücking, Sérus. & Vězda (Tønsberg 2016)
JAPEWIA Tønsberg
subaurifera Muhr & Tønsberg
tornoënsis (Nyl.) Tønsberg Syns.: Biatora tornoënsis, Lecidea
tornoënsis, Mycoblastus tornoënsis
carrollii (Coppins & P. James) Tønsberg (Aptroot 1996) = misidentification
for North America (Printzen 1999)
JAPEWIELLA Printzen
dollypartoniana J. L. Allen & Lendemer (Allen & Lendemer 2015)
JARXIA D. Hawksw. (Harris 1995a)
ilicicola R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
thelenula R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
JOCATOA R. Miranda (Miranda-González et al. 2020)
agminalis (Nyl.) Lücking, Herrera-Camp. & R. Miranda Syn.: Medusulina texana
JULELLA Fabre
+asema R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
+dispora (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Polyblastiopsis dispora
+fallaciosa (Arnold) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
Syn.: Polyblastiopsis fallaciosa
+geminella (Nyl.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Polyblastiopsis rappii
+lactea (A. Massal.) M. E. Barr (Harris 1995a)
Syn.: Polyblastiopsis lactea
+sericea (A. Massal.) Coppins (Aptroot 2002b)
+sublactea (Nyl.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
Syns.: Clathroporina exiguella, C. amygdalina, Polyblastiopsis sublactaea
+taxodii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
+variiformis R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
+vitrispora (Cooke & Harkness) M. E. Barr
(Harris 1995a)
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KAERNEFELTIA A. Thell & Goward (Thell & Goward 1996)
californica (Tuck.) A. Thell & Goward (Thell & Goward 1996)
Syns.: Alectoria californica, A. cetrariza, Cetraria californica,Cornicularia
californica, Tuckermannopsis californica
merrillii (Du Rietz) A. Thell & Goward (Thell & Goward
1996) Syns.:Cetraria merrillii, Tuckermannopsis merrillii
KALCHBRENNERIELLA Diederich & M. S. Christ.
*cyanescens
(Kalchbr.) Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 2002)
KARSCHIA Körber
*talcophila (Ach.) Körber (Hafellner et al. 2002)
*athallina (Müll. Arg.) Vouaux = Sclerococcum athallinum
*inops
Triebel & Rambold = Buelliella inops
KARSTENIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
*peltigerae (P. Karsten) D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
KEPHARTIA R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2013)
crystalligera R. C. Harris &
Lendemer
spinadiaboli R. C. Harris &
Lendemer
KILIASIA Hafellner (Kistenich et al.
2018)
athallina (Hepp) Hafellner Syns.:
Catillaria athallina, Toninia athallina
pennina (Schaerer) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syn.:
Toninia pennina
philippea (Mont.) Hafellner Syns.: Catillaria arctica, C. kansuensis, C.
philippea, Toninia philippea
sculpturata (H. Magn.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendksby & S. Ekman
(Kistenich et al. 2018) Syns.: Catillaria sculpturata, Toninia sculpturata
superioris (Timdal) Timdal (Kistenich et al. 2018) Syn.: Toninia
superioris
tristis (Müll. Arg.) Hafellner
Syn.: Toninia subnitida
KIRSCHSTEINIOTHELIA D. Hawksw. Omitted as a
totally saprophytic genus
KNUFIA L. J. Hutchinson & Unter.
*peltigerae (Fuckel) Réblová &
Unter. Syn.: Capronia peltigerae
(Réblová et al. 2013)
KOERBERIA A. Massal.
biformis A. Massal.
sonomensis
(Tuck.) Henssen = Tingiopsidium sonomense (Hafellner & Spribille 2016)
KOERBERIELLA Stein
wimmeriana (Körber) Stein
KOHLMEYERA Schatz
complicatula
(Nyl.) Schatz = Mastodia tesselata (Kohlmeyer et al. 2004)
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LABROCARPON Etayo & Pérez-Ortega
*canariense (D. Hawksw.) Etayo &
Pérez-Ortega (Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
LAETISARIA Burds.
*buckii (Diederich & Lawrey) Diederich, Lawrey &
Ghobad-Nejhad Syn.: Marchandiomyces
buckii (Diederich et al. 2018)
LAEVIOMYCES D. Hawksw. = LICHENODIPLIS
*lecanoricola M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) =
Lichenodiplis lecanoricola
*pertusariicola (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. = Lichenodiplis pertusariicola
LAHMIA Körber
fueistingii Körber = Arthrorhaphis grisea
LAMBIELLA Hertel
aliphatica T. Sprib.
& Resl (Spribille et al. 2020)
arenosa McCune & Lumbsch (McCune & Lumbsch 2017)
caeca (J. Lowe) Resl
& T. Sprib. Syns.: Lecidea caeca, Rimularia
caeca (Resl et al. 2015)
#furvella
(Nyl. ex Mudd) M. Westb. & Resl
Syns.: Lecidea furvella, Rimularia furvella (Resl et al. 2015)
gyrizans (Nyl.) M. Westb. & Resl Syn.: Rimularia gyrizans (Resl et al. 2015)
impavida (Th. Fr.) M. Westb. & Resl. Syns.: Lecidea impavida, Rimularia impavida
(Resl. et al. 2015)
#insularis (Nyl.) T. Sprib.
(Spribille et al. 2014a)
Syns.: Lecidea insularis,
Rimularia insularis
sphacelata (Th. Fr.) M. Westb. & Resl Syns.: Lecidea sphacelata, Rimularia
sphacelata (Resl et al. 2015)
fuscosora (Muhr & Tønsberg) M. Westb. & Resl (Seaward et al. 2017) N.A. report is Japewiella dollypartoniana
(Lendemer & Brodo 2018)
LASALLIA Mérat
caroliniana (Tuck.) Davydov, Peršoh
& Rambold Syn.: Umbilicaria
caroliniana (Davydov et al. 2010)
papulosa (Ach.) Llano Syns.: Umbilicaria pustulata var.
papulosa, U. papulosa
pensylvanica (Hoffm.) Llano Syn.: Umbilicaria pensylvanica
pustulata (L.) Mérat Syn.: Umbilicaria pustulata
pustulata subsp. papulosa (Ach.) W. A. Weber = L. papulosa
LASIOSPHAERIOPSIS D. Hawksw. & Sivan.
*lecanorae Pérez-Ort. & Halici
(Spribille et al. 2020)
*stereocaulicola (Lindsay) O. E. Eriksson & R. Sant.
(Zhurbenko & Daniëls 2003)
LATHAGRIUM (Ach.) Gray (Otálora et al. 2014)
auriforme (With.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg.
& Wedin Syn.: Collema auriculatum,
C. auriforme, C. granosum auct.
cristatum (L.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg.
& Wedin Syns.: Collema melaenum, C.
cristatum, C. cristatum var. marginale
dichotomum (With.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Collema dichotomum
C. fluviatile, C. stenophyllum
fuscovirens (With.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Collema furvum,
C. fuscovirens, C. tuniforme
undulatum (Flotow) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Collema
undulatum
undulatum
var. granulosum (Degel.) M. Schulz & McCune (McCune et al. 2018)
LAUDERLINDSAYA J. C. David
& D. Hawksw. (McCune 1997a) = Normandina (Muggia et al. 2010)
*borreri
(Tul.) J. C. David & D. Hawksw. (McCune 1997a) = Normandina pulchella
LAURERA Rchb.
madreporiformis (Eschw.) Riddle = Bathelium madreporiforme (Harris 1995a)
megasperma
(Mont.) Riddle = Astrothelium megaspermum
subdisjuncta
(Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Astrothelium subdisjunctum
varia (Fée) Zahlbr. = misidentification for North America
LAWALREEA
Diederich
*lecanorae Diederich (Haldeman 2020)
LAWREYA Ertz, Common, Diederich & U. Braun
*glyphidiphila U. Braun, Common, Diederich & Ertz (Diederich et al.
2019)
LECANACTIS Körber
abietina (Ach.) Körber
[Bacidia akompsa (Tuck.) Fink]
californica Tuck.
dubia G. Merr.
epileuca (Nyl.) Tehler Syns.: Platygrapha subattingens,
Schismatomma subattingens
salicina Zahlbr.
amylacea (Ehrh. ex Pers.) Arnold = Lecanographa amylacea
chloroconia Tuck. = Cresponea chloroconia
dimelaenoides Egea & Torrente = Lecanographa dimelaenoides
*grumulosa (Dufour) Fr. = Paralecanographa
grumulosa
illicebrosa (Dufour) Fr. = Lecanographa amylacea
megaspora (G. Merr.) Brodo = L. abietina
nashii Egea & Torrente = Lecanographa hypothallina
patellarioides (Nyl.) Vainio = Bactrospora patellarioides
premnea (Ach.) Arnold = Cresponea premnea
premnea var. chloroconia (Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Cresponea chloroconia
ravenelii (Tuck.) R. C. Harris = Opegrapha ravenelii
subattingens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = L. epileuca
subdryophila Follmann & Vězda = Lecanographa subdryophila
zahlbruckneri Herre (Fink 1935) = L. californica (Ryan & Tehler 2004)
LECANIA A. Massal.
aipospila (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. (McCune
2017) Syn.: Lecanora spodophaeiza
arizonica B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
brunonis (Tuck.) Herre Syn.: Lecanora brunonis
#caloplacicola
B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
chalcophila B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den Boom & Ryan
2004b)
coeruleorubella (Mudd) M. Mayrhofer
(van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
constricta W. A. Weber
cuprea (A. Massal.) van den Boom & Coppins Syns.: Bacidia
cuprea, B. cupreorosella, Biatora cupreorosella, Bilimbia cupreorosella
cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Biatora cyrtella, Lecidea
cyrtella
dudleyi Herre
flavescens Lynge (Thomson 1997)
franciscana (Tuck.) K. Knudsen &
Lendemer Syns.: Biatora franciscana, Catillaria franciscana (Knudsen &
Lendemer 2007)
fructigena Zahlbr.
fuscella (Schaerer) Körber
fuscelloides B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den Boom & Ryan
2004b)
[Catillaria groenlandica Lynge]
hassei (Zahlbr.) W. Noble Syn.: Solenopsora hassei
hydrophobica T. Sprib. & Fryday (Spribille et al. 2020)
inundata (Hepp ex Körber) M. Mayrhofer
(van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
koerberiana J. Lahm (McCune 2017)
madida Reese Naesb. & Björk (Reese Naesborg 2008)
nylanderiana A. Massal.
pacifica Zahlbr. ex B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den Boom & B. D. Ryan 2004b)
polycycla (Anzi) Lettau (van den Boom & B. D. Ryan 2004b)
rabenhorstii (Hepp) Arnold (van
den Boom & B. D. Ryan 2004b)
ryaniana van den Boom (van den
Boom & Ryan 2004b)
shastensis Herre
stigmatella (Tuck.) S. Ekman (Ekman 1996) Syns.: Bacidia
stigmatella, Biatora stigmatella
subcaesia (Nyl.) B. de Lesd.
subfuscula (Nyl.) S. Ekman (Ekman 1996) Syns.: Bacidia
sibiriensis, B. subfuscula
toninioides Zahlbr.
turicensis (Hepp) Müll. Arg.
albariella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = L. turicensis
alpivaga Th. Fr. = Halecania alpivaga
arctica Lynge = Caloplaca diphyodes
brattiae B. D. Ryan & van
den Boom (van den Boom & Ryan 2004b) = L. hassei (Knudsen & Lendemer
2007)
californica
(Zahlbr.) Fink
= L. turicensis (van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
croatica (Zahlbr.) Kotlov (Harris & Lendemer 2010) = Coppinsidea
croatica (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
cyathiformis Szatala (Tavares et al.
1997) = Solenopsora cyathiformis
cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst. = Lecaniella cyrtellina
curvescens (Mudd) A. L. Sm. = Bryonora curvescens
dimera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = L. dubitans
disceptans (Nyl.) Lynge = Halecania alpivaga (Dillman et al. 2011)
dubitans (Nyl.) A. L. Sm. =
Lecaniella dubitans
erysibe (Ach.) Mudd =
Lecaniella erysibe (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
hutchinsiae (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.
(Spribille et al. 2010) =Lecaniella hutchinsiae (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
naegelii (Hepp)
Diederich & van den Boom = Lecaniella naegelii (Ekman 1996; Kondratyuk et
al. 2019)
pepegospora H. Magn. = Halecania pepegospora
perproxima auct. = uncertain species of Lecania, perhaps L. chalcophila (van
den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
perproxima
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Caloplaca atroalba (van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
prasinoides Elenkin (Reese
Naesborg 2008) = Lecaniella prasinoides (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
subdispersa
B. D. Ryan [non (Nyl. ex Hasse) Hasse] = L. franciscana
subdispersa
(Nyl. ex Hasse) Hasse = Toninia subdispersa
syringea (Ach.) Th. Fr. = L. fuscella
tenera (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Cliostomum tenera
thallophila H. Magn. = Halecania alpivaga
LECANIELLA Jatta (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
cyrtellina (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Lecania cyrtellina
dubitans (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Lecania dubitans
erysibe (Ach.) S. Y. Kondr. Syn.:
Lecania erysibe
hutchinsiae (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Lecania hutchinsiae
naegelii (Hepp) S. Y. Kondr.
Syns.: Bacidia naegelii, Biatora naegelii, Bilimbia naegelii, Lecania
naegelii
prasinoides (Elenkin) S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Lecania prasinoides
LECANOGRAPHA Egea & Torrente
aggregata Egea & Torrente
(Egea et al. 2004b, as Lecanographa “aff.” aggregata)
amylacea (Ehrh. ex Pers.) Egea & Torrente Syns.:
Lecanactis amylacea, L. illecebrosa, Opegrapha illecebrosa
brattiae (Egea & Ertz) Ertz
& Tehler (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
Syn.: Opegrapha brattiae
dimelaenoides (Egea & Torrente) Egea & Torrente Syn.:
Lecanactis dimelaenoides
hypothallina (Zahlbr.) Egea & Torrente Syns.: Platygrapha
hypothallina, Schismatomma hypothallinum, Opegrapha hypothallina, O. hassei,
Lecanactis nashii
insolita Lendemer & K. Knudsen
(Lendemer & Knudsen 2010)
lyncea (Sm.) Egea & Torrente
(Egea et al. 2004b)
lynceoides (Müll. Arg.) Egea & Torrente
(Egea et al. 2004b)
subdryophila (Follmann & Vězda) Egea &
Torrente Syn.: Lecanactis subdryophila
*grumulosa (Dufour) Egea &
Torrente = Paralecanographa grumulosa (Diederich et
al. 2018)
LECANORA Ach.
achroa Nyl. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
achroides Vainio
actophila Wedd.
aitema (Ach.) Hepp Syn.: Lecidea aitema
alaskensis H. Magn.
albella (Pers.) Ach. var. albella
albella var. rubescens (Imshaug & Brodo)
Lumbsch
albellula Nyl. (Printzen 2001)
albocaesiella B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan et al. 2004)
albula (Nyl.) Hue
aleutica H. Magn.
allophana (Ach.) Nyl.
anakeestiicola Lendemer & E.
Tripp (Lendemer & Tripp 2015)
annularis Lendemer & K. Knudsen
(Knudsen et al. 2014c)
anopta Nyl. Syns.: Biatora pullula, Lecidea pullula
(Pérez-Ortega et al. 2010)
anoptiza Nyl.
apochroeoides Vainio
appalachensis Lendemer & R. C.
Harris (Lendemer et al. 2013)
arenisaxicola B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan et al. 2004)
argentata (Ach.) Malme
argentea Oxner &
Volkova
argopholis (Ach.) Ach.
atromarginata (Ach.) Rambold & Pietschm.
(Brinker 2020)
atrosulphurea (Wahlenb.) Ach.
austrocalifornica Lendemer & K.
Knudsen (Lendemer & Knudsen 2009)
bicincta Ramond
boligera (Norman ex Th. Fr.) Hedl.
brandegeei (Tuck.) Davydov, Yakovczenko
& Printzen (Davydov et al. 2021a, 2021b)
Syns. : Lecanora pringlei subsp. brandegeei, Lecidea brandegeei
brattiae B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash
(Ryan et al. 2004)
brodoana Lumbsch & T. H. Nash
[Parmularia brouardii B. de Lesd.]
bryopsora (Doppelb. & Poelt)
Hafellner & Türk (Dillman et al. 2012)
cadubriae (A. Massal.) Hedl. Syns.: Lecidea cadubriae, L.
ramulicola
caesiorubella Ach. subsp. caesiorubella
caesiorubella subsp. glaucomodes (Nyl.)
Imshaug & Brodo
caesiorubella subsp. merrillii Imshaug &
Brodo
caesiorubella subsp. saximontana Imshaug
& Brodo
caesiosora Poelt (Miller et al.
2005)
caesiosulphurea Vainio
californica Brodo
campestris (Schaerer) Hue
canadensis Lynge & H. Magn.
caperatica O. Asher & Lendemer
(Asher & Lendemer 2018)
carneolutescens Nyl. (Lumbsch et al.
2003)
carpinea (L.) Vainio
cateilea (Ach.) A. Massal.
[Lecidea caulophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
cavicola Creveld (Nash et al. 1998)
cenisia Ach.
chlarotera Nyl.
chloroleprosa (Vainio) H. Magn.
(Spribille et al. 2010)
chlorophaeodes Nyl.
cinereofusca H. Magn.
circumborealis Brodo & Vitik.
cladonioides Lynge
collatolica J. W. Thomson & T. H. Nash
comonduensis T. H. Nash & Hertel (Nash & Hertel 1997)
confusa Almb.
congesta Lynge
coniferarum Printzen (Printzen 2001)
conizaeoides Nyl. ex Crombie
cupressi Tuck.
darlingiae Lendemer & E. Tripp (Tripp
& Lendemer 2019)
demosthenesii Lumbsch & Messuti (Lumbsch et al. 2003)
densa (Śliwa & Wetmore) Printzen (Printzen 2001)
discoënsis Lynge
ecorticata J. R. Laundon (Spribille et
al. 2020)
elapheia Stizenb. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
epanora (Ach.) Ach.
epibryon (Ach.) Ach.
excludens Malme (Brodo et al. 2020)
expallens Ach.
farinaria Borrer
floridula Lumbsch
frustulosa (Dickson) Ach. (Spribille
et al. 2010)
fuscescens (Sommerf.) Nyl. Syns.: Biatora fuscescens, Lecidea
fuscescens
fuscidula Degel.
gangaleoides Nyl.
geophila (Th. Fr.) Poelt
*gisleriana
Müll. Arg. (Brinker 2020)
glabrata (Ach.) Malme
groenlandica Lynge
gypsicola St. Clair & Newberry (Rajvanshi et al. 1998)
helicopis (Wahlenb.) Ach.
(identification uncertain)
horiza (Ach.) Lindsay
hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo
hypocrocina Nyl. (Seavey &
Seavey 2012)
hypopta (Ach.) Vainio Syn.: Lecidea hypopta
hypoptoides (Nyl.) Nyl.
impudens Degel. In
eastern N.A. at least, a misapplied name (Lendemer et al. 2013)
imshaugii Brodo
inaurata C. A. Morse & Ladd
(Morse & Ladd 2016)
insignis Degel.
intricata (Ach.) Ach.
intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh. (Brodo
et al. 2020)
iowensis Fink
jamesii J. R. Laundon (Tønsberg 1997)
kariana Räsänen
latens Printzen (Printzen 2001)
laxa (Śliwa & Wetmore) Printzen (Printzen 2001)
layana Lendemer (Lendemer 2015)
lendemeri E. Tripp & C. A. Morse (Tripp et al. 2019)
leprosa Fée
leptacina Sommerf.
leptacinella Nyl.
leucococca Sommerf. (McCune et al. 2018)
lividolutea Räsänen
louisianae B. de Lesd.
luteovernalis Brodo
marginata (Schaerer) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea
marginata, L. elata, L. purissima. See note under "Lecidea amylacea."
markjohnstonii And. Stewart, E.
Tripp & Lendemer (Anderson Stewart et al. 2018)
masana Lendemer & R. C. Harris
(Lendemer et al. 2013)
maxima Lynge
melaena (Hedl.) Fink
mellea W. A. Weber
meridionalis H. Magn.
microbola I. M. Lamb
microfusca Lynge
miculata Ach.
minutella Nyl.
monticola H. Magn.
mughicola Nyl.
munzii K. Knudsen & Lendemer
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2009c)
nashii B. D. Ryan (Ryan et
al. 2004)
neoalbomarginata Gyelnik
neodegelii B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash
Syn.: Squamarina degelii (Ryan et
al. 2004)
nordenskioeldii Vainio
nothocaesiella R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2013)
ochraceorubescens Arnold (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
orae-frigidae R. Sant.
oreinoides (Körber) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea
oreinodes, L. tennessensis, L. tesselina
orizabana Vainio (Lumbsch et al.
2003)
orosthea (Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Lecidea orosthea
pacifica Tuck. Syn.: L. tetraspora
paddensis (Tuck.) T. Sprib. Syns.: Biatora paddensis, Lecidea paddensis
(McCune et al. 2014b)
pallidochlorina T. H. Nash, B. D.
Ryan & Lumbsch (Ladd & Morse 2012)
pannonica Szatala (McCune 2017)
peninsularis K. Knudsen, Lendemer
& Elix (Knudsen et al. 2011a)
perplexa Brodo
phaeophora (Stizenb.) H. Magn. Syns.: Lecidea phaeophora,
Biatora phaeophora
phaeostigma (Körber) Almb. (Spribille et al. 2020)
phryganitis Tuck.
placidensis (Magnusson) Knoph, Leuckert & Rambold (Knoph
& Leuckert 1994) Syns.: Lecidea placidensis, Lecidella placidensis,
Fuscidea placidensis
plumosa Müll. Arg. (Nash et al. 1998)
poliophaea (Wahlenb.) Ach.
poluninii Lynge
polytropa (Ehrh.) Rabenh.
populicola (DC.) Duby
proserpens Nyl. (Barrett &
Thomson 1975)
protervula Stirton (Stirton 1876)
pseudargentata Lumbsch (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
pseudistera Nyl.
pseudolivacea Zahlbr. (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
pseudomellea B. D. Ryan
pseudosarcopidoides M. Brand &
van den Boom (Hutten et al. 2013)
pulicaris (Pers.) Ach.
reagens Norman
remota K. Knudsen & Lendemer
(Knudsen et al. 2017)
rhodi Szatala (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
rubicunda Bagl.
rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. Syns.: Glaucomaria rupicola, G. sordida
sachsiana E. Tripp & Lendemer (Tripp & Lendemer 2019)
salicicola H. Magn.
saligna (Schrader) Zahlbr. Syn.: Lecanoropsis saligna
sarcopidoides (A. Massal.) Hedl.
(Hutten et al. 2013)
saxigena Lendemer & R. C. Harris
(Lendemer & Harris 2014d)
scrobiculata (Th. Fr.) Øvstedal & Elix Syn.:
Lecidea scrobiculata (Elix & Øvstedal 2004)
semitensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
sierrae B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash
simeonensis K. Knudsen &
Lendemer (Lendemer & Knudsen 2009)
sophodopsella Nyl.
soralifera (Suza) Räsänen (McCune
2017)
stanislai Guzow-Krzemińska,
Łubek, Malíček & Kukwa (Guzow-Krzemińska et al. 2017)
stenotropa Nyl. (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
stramineoalbida Vainio (Lendemer
& Knudsen 2011)
strobilina (Sprengel) Kieffer
subaurea Zahlbr. (missing from ver.
21 & 22)
subcarnea (Lilj.) Ach. (missing from
ver. 21 & 22)
subcavicola B. D. Ryan (Ryan et al. 2004)
subimmergens Vainio
subintricata (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
subpallens Zahlbr. (Lumbsch et al. 1997, Lendemer 2004e)
subravida Nyl. (Hutten et al. 2013)
subrugosa Nyl.
subsaligna M. Brand & van den
Boom (van den Boom & Brand 2008)
substrobilina Printzen (Printzen 2001)
sulphurea (Hoffm.) Ach.
Syn.: Lecidea sulphurea
swartzii (Ach.) Ach. (Nash et al. 1998)
symmicta (Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Lecidea symmicta
texana W. A. Weber
#thallophila
H. Magn.
thysanophora R. C. Harris (Harris et al. 2000)
tristiuscula H. Magn.
tropica Zahlbr. (Seavey & Seavey
2012)
umbrosa Degel.
urceolaria (Fr.) Wetm.
utahensis H. Magn. (Knudsen 2012)
valesiaca (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb.
varia (Hoffm.) Ach.
vegae Malme
viridipruinosa M. Svenss. & T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2020)
viriduloflava B. de Lesd.
willeyi Tuck.
wisconsinensis H. Magn.
xanthosora B. D. Ryan & Poelt
xylophila Hue
zeroensis Lendemer (Knudsen et al.
2011b)
agardhiana Ach. (Śliwa 2007b) = Myriolecis agardhiana
albescens
(Hoffm.) Branth & Rostrup (Śliwa 2007b, Laundon 2010) = Myriolecis
albescens
albomarginata
(B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia albomarginata
albopruinosa Looman = Circinaria contorta (McCune et al. 2014b, Perlmutter & Rivas Plata
2020)
alboradiata H. Magn. = Aspicilia alboradiata
aliena Zahlbr. = Aspicilia aliena
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Ach. = Lobothallia
alphoplaca
alpina Sommerf. = Bellemerea alpina
americana (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia americana
andrewii B. de Lesd. (Śliwa 2007b) = Myriolecis andrewii
annulata Lynge = Aspicilia annulata
anseris Lynge = Aspicilia anseris
applegatei
Herre = Bellemerea alpina (Owe-Larsson & Ryan 2007)
aquatica (Körber) Hepp = Aspicilia aquatica
arctica Lynge = Aspicilia arctica
arizonica (Tuck. ex Willey) W. A. Weber = Omphalora arizonica
athroocarpa Duby (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain.
atra (Hudson) Ach. = Tephromela atra
atriseda (Fr.) Nyl. = Protoparmelia atriseda
atrosanguinea G. Merr. = Caloplaca atrosanguinea
atrynea (Ach.) Röhl. = Lecanora cenisia
badia (Hoffm.) Ach. = Protoparmelia badia
barkmaniana
Aptroot & Herk (Kaminsky et al. 2013) = misidentification of L. floridula
(Lendemer & Harris 2014b)
basaltica Lynge = Aspicilia narssaquensis
beringii Nyl.
("behringii") = L. zosterae var. beringii (Śliwa 2007b)
bipruinosa
Fink = Protoparmeliopsis bipruinosa
bockii (Fr.) Rabenh. = Rimularia gibbosa
bolanderi Tuck. = Cladidium bolanderi
brunonis Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lecania brunonis
caesiocinerea Nyl. ex Malbr. = Circinaria caesiocinerea
caesiopruinosa H. Magn. = Aspicilia caesiopruinosa
caesiorubella subsp. lathamii Imshaug & Brodo = L. subpallens
caesiorubella
subsp. prolifera
(Fink) R. C. Harris = L. subpallens
calcarea (L.) Sommerf. = Circinaria calcarea
calcarea var. contorta (Hoffm.) Hepp (Tuckerman 1882) = Circinaria contorta
calcarea var.? hoffmannii Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain, a later
homonym of L. calcarea var. hoffmannii (Ach.) Sommerf.
cancriformis (Hoffm.) Vainio = L. caesiorubella Ach. subsp. caesiorubella
candida (Anzi) Nyl. = Aspicilia candida
candida (Anzi) Nyl. var. nikrapensis (Darb.) Oxner (Barrett & Thomson 1975)
= Aspicilia candida
carlottiana Lewis & Śliwa
(Lewis & Śliwa 2012) = Myriolecis carlottiana
cascadensis H. Magn. = Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii
castanea (Hepp) Th. Fr. = Bryonora castanea
cervina (Pers.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) =
Acarospora cervina, but not known for N.A. (Knudsen
& Kocourková 2020c)
cervina var. thamnina Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Acarospora thamnina
chlarona (Ach.) Nyl. = L. pulicaris
chlorophana (Wahlenb.) Ach. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
chloropolia (Erichsen) Almb. = L. impudens for most North American records
chonion Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Psora crenata
christoi W. A. Weber = Rhizoplaca phaedrophthalma
chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach. = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca
cinerea (L.) Sommerf. = Aspicilia cinerea
cinerea (L.) Sommerf. var. gibbosa Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain.
cinerea var.
laevata (Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Aspicilia laevata
cinereofusca var. appalachensis
Brodo = L. saxigena (Lendemer & Harris 2014d)
cinereorufescens (Ach.) Hepp = Bellemerea cinereorufescens
cingulata Zahlbr. = Aspicilia cingulata
circinata (Pers.) Ach. = Lobothallia radiosa
coilocarpa auct. = L. circumborealis
coilocarpa (Ach.) Nyl. = L. pulicaris
composita Lynge = Aspicilia composita
concinna J. W. Thomson = Aspicilia concinna
conizaea auct. = L. strobilina
conizaea (Ach.) Nyl. ex Crombie = L. expallens
constipans (Nyl.) Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Edrudia constipans
contorta (Hoffm.) J. Steiner = Circinaria contorta
contractula
Nyl. = Myriolecis contractula
crenulata
Hooker (Śliwa 2007b) = Myriolecis
crenulata
crustacea
(Savicz) Zahlbr. (Ryan & Nash 1997b) = Protoparmeliopsis crustacea
degelii T. Schauer & Brodo = L. cinereofusca var. cinereofusca
demissa (Körber) Zahlbr. = Caloplaca demissa
deplanans Nyl. = Ionaspis lacustris (Lendemer & Yahr 2004)
desertorum Kremp. North American reports
are Circinaria arida
diffracta Ach. = Protoparmeliopsis muralis
diphasia Tuck. = Caloplaca diphasia
disceptans Nyl. = Halecania alpivaga (Dillman et al. 2011)
dispersa
(Pers. ) Sommerf. = Myriolecis dispersa
dispersoareolata
(Schaerer) Lamy = Protoparmeliopsis dispersoareolata
disserpens (Zahlbr.) H. Magn. = Aspicilia disserpens
distans (Pers. ex Ach.) Nyl. = L. populicola
effusa (Hoffm.) Ach. = L. saligna
elevata Lynge = Aspicilia elevata
elatina Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Loxospora
elatina
elatina var. minor Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain.
elatina var. ochrophaea
(Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Loxospora ochrophaea
elmorei E. D. Rudolph = Circinaria elmorei
epulotica (Ach.) Nyl ex Crombie = Hymenelia epulotica
epulotica var. subepulotica Nyl.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Hymenelia epulotica
erythrantha Tuck. (Fink 1935) = Caloplaca erythrantha (Wetmore 2007b)
exigua f. pruinosa Merrill = Rinodina hallii
(Sheard 2010)
eyerdamii Herre = L. xylophila
filamentosa (Stirton) Elix & Palice (Pérez-Ortega et al. 2010; Palice et
al. 2011) = Palicella filamentosa (Rodriguez Flakus & Printzen 2014)
fimbriata H. Magn. = Aspicilia fimbriata
flavida Hepp = Eiglera flavida
flavopunctata Tønsberg = Myrionora flavopunctata
floridana Tuck. = Caloplaca floridana
flotoviana Sprengel (Ryan et al. 2004) = Myriolecis semipallida
for North American reports (Śliwa 2007a, Zhao et al. 2016)
flowersiana
H. Magn. = Myriolecis flowersiana
frustulosa auct. N.A. in part = L. argopholis
(Vänska 1984)
fugiens Nyl. (Ryan et al. 2004,
as Lecanora “aff.” fugiens, Śliwa
2007b) = Myriolecis fugiens
fuliginosa Brodo = L. argentea
fulva Schwein. (Fink 1935) Identity
uncertain (Harris 2004)
fuscata (Ach.) Röhl var. oligocarpa Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain,
possible misspelling of var. oligospora?
fuscata var. rufescens (Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
fuscata
var. sinopica (Wahlenb.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Acarospora sinopica
fuscidula Degelius = L. minutella Nyl. (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
galactina (Ach.) Nyl. (Fink
1935) = Myriolecis albescens (Scholz 2000, Zhao et al. 2016))
galactinula Vainio = L. pseudistera
garovaglii
(Körber) Zahlbr. subsp. garovaglii = Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii
garovaglii subsp. cascadensis (H. Magn.) B. D. Ryan
& T. H. Nash (Ryan et al. 2004) =
Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii
geiserae B. D. Ryan (Ryan et al. 2004) = Protoparmeliopsis geiserae
gelida (L.) Ach. = Placopsis gelida
gibbosa (Ach.) Nyl. = Circinaria gibbosa
gibbosula H. Magn. = Circinaria gibbosa
glaucocarpa (Wahl.) Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Acarospora glaucocarpa
glaucocarpa var. verrucosa
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Acarospora glaucocarpa
glaucomela Tuck. = Pertusaria glaucomela
glaucophana Nyl. ex Hasse = Rhizoplaca glaucophana
glaucopsina
Nyl. =
Aspicilia glaucopsina
granatina Sommerf. = Euopsis granatina
granifera Ach. = Malmidea granifera
granulifera
(Ach.) Nyl. (Fink 1935) non (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. Identity uncertain; cited basionym is
Parmelia granulifera Ach., which is Heterodermia granulifera
grandis H. Magn. = Protoparmelia badia
grantii H. Magn. = L. xylophila
gyalectodes
Nyl. = Topelia gyalectodes
gyrophorica Lendemer (Knudsen & Lendemer 2009c) = Protoparmeliopsis
gyrophorica
hagenii
(Ach.) Ach. = Myriolecis hagenii
hagenii var. sambuci (Pers.) Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Myriolecis sambuci
haydenii Tuck. = Rhizoplaca haydenii
heteroplaca Zahlbr. = Aspicilia heteroplaca
holophaea (Mont.) Nyl. = Solenopsora holophaea
hypospilota Vainio = L. oreinoides
incusa (Fr.)
Vainio = Caloplaca demissa
intrudens H. Magn. = Miriquidica intrudens
invadens H. Magn. (Śliwa 2007b) =
Myriolecis invadens
juniperina Śliwa (Ryan et
al. 2004) = Myriolecis juniperina
kofae
B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash = Protoparmeliopsis kofae
laatokkaensis
(Räsänen) Poelt = Protoparmeliopsis laatokkaensis
lacustris
(With.) Nyl. = Ionaspis lacustris
laevata (Ach.) Nyl. = Aspicilia laevata
laevis Poelt = L. horiza, but N. American records are L. xylophila
lavata (H. Magn.) Fink = Ionaspis lavata
lentigera (Weber) Ach. = Squamarina lentigera
lesleyana (Darb.) Paulson = Aspicilia lesleyana
limitata H. Magn. = Aspicilia limitata
marginalis Hasse = Rhizoplaca marginalis
mastoidea Lynge = Aspicilia berntii
mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Ach. (Wetmore 1967) = Sagedia mastrucata
mazatzalensis
B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash = Protoparmeliopsis mazatzalensis
melanaspis (Ach.) Ach. = Lobothallia melanaspis
melanophthalma (DC.) Ramond = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma
mniaroeiza Nyl. = Rinodina mniaroeiza
molybdina Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Acarospora molybdina
molybdina var. ereutica (Wahlenb.) Schaerer (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
molybdina var. microcyclos
(Ach.) Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
morioides (Blomb. ex Arnold) Blomb. = Clauzadeana macula
muralis (Schreber) Rabenh. = Protoparmeliopsis
muralis
muralis
var. brunneola
(Mereschk.) Ryan & T. H. Nash (Nash et al. 1998) = Protoparmeliopsis
muralis
muralis (Schreber) Rabenh. var. diffracta (Ach.) Rabenh. (Tuckerman 1882) =
Protoparmeliopsis muralis
muralis var. saxicola
(Pollich) Hepp (Tuckerman 1882) = Protoparmeliopsis muralis
muralis var. garovaglii
(Körber) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii
muralis var. semitensis
(Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lecanora semitensis
muralis
var. versicolor
(Pers.) Tuck. = Protoparmeliopsis muralis
mutabilis Sommerf. = L. intricata
mutabilis (Ach.) Nyl. = Megaspora verrucosa
myrina Fée (Fink 1935)
Identity uncertain; possible orthographic error for L. myrinii
(Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
myrinii (Fr.) Tuck. = Aspilidea myrinii
narssaquensis Lynge = Aspicilia narssaquensis
nephaea Sommerf. = Protoparmelia nephaea
nevadensis H. Magn. = Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii
nigromarginata
H. Magn. = Rhizoplaca nigromarginata
nikrapensis (Darb.) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia nikrapensis
novae-semliae Zahlbr. =
Aspicilia novae-semliae
novomexicana
H. Magn. = Rhizoplaca novomexicana
novomexicana
B. de Lesd. = identity uncertain
obpallens Nyl. ex Hasse = Acarospora obpallens
occidentalis (Lynge) Lynge = L. argopholis
ochrococca (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Protoparmelia ochrococca
oculata (Dickson) Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Pertusaria oculat
odora (Ach.) Tuck. (Fink 1935) = Ionaspis odora
olivacea (Bagl. & Carestia) J. Steiner (Herre 1911, Fink 1935) = Lecanora pseudolivacea
olivaceopallida H. Magn. =
Aspicilia olivaceopallida
opiniconensis
Brodo = Rhizoplaca opiniconensis
oregana
Tuck. = L. argopholis
pachythallina Lynge = L. geophila
palanderi Vainio = L. zosterae
pallescens (L.) Röhl = Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) A. Massal., but
misidentification for North America
pallescens var. rosella Tuck. (Tuckerman
1882) = Ochrolechia trochophora
pallescens var. upsaliensis (L.) Flotow = Ochrolechia upsaliensis
pallida (Schreber) Rabenh. var. pallida = L. albella var. albella
pallida (Schreber) Rabenh. var. angulosa
Hoffm. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lecanora carpinea
pallida var. cancriformis
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lecanora caesiorubella var. caesiorubella
pallida var. rubescens Imshaug & Brodo = L. albella var. rubescens
parisiensis Nyl. = L. horiza
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Sommerf. = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
peltata (Ramond) Steudel = Protoparmeliopsis peltata
peltastictoides Hasse (Knudsen 2003) =
Aspicilia peltastictoides (Knudsen & Kocourková 2013)
percrenata H. Magn. (Śliwa 2007b) =
Myriolecis percrenata
pergibbosa
H. Magn. = Aspicilia pergibbosa
permutata Zahlbr. = Oxneriaria permutata
perpruinosa Fröberg (Śliwa 2007b) =
Myriolecis perpruinosa
perradiata
Nyl. = Aspicilia perradiata
persimilis (Th. Fr.) Nyl.
= Myriolecis persimilis
pertusa
Lynge = Aspicilia pertusa
phaedrophthalma Poelt var.
phaedrophthalma = Rhizoplaca phaedrophthalma
phaedrophthalma var. christoi (W. A. Weber) B. D. Ryan (Ryan et al. 2004) = Rhizoplaca
phaedrophthalma
phaeobola
Tuck. = Protoparmelia ochrococca
pinastri (Schaerer) H. Magn. = L. pulicaris
pinguis Tuck. =
Protoparmeliopsis pinguis
piniperda
Körber = L. albellula Nyl. (Printzen 2001)
pleiospora Nyl. = Acarospora thelococcoides
pleistospora Nyl. = Acarospora thelococcoides
plicigera Zahlbr. = Aspicilia plicigera
polychroma (Anzi) Nyl. = Aspicilia polychroma
praecrenata
Nyl. = Aspicilia praecrenata
praeradiosa Nyl. = Lobothallia praeradiosa
pringlei (Tuck.) I. M. Lamb subsp. pringlei = Pulvinora pringlei (Davydov et al. 2021a)
pringlei subsp. brandegei (Tuck.) Ryan (Ryan et al.
2004) = Lecanora brandegeei (Davydov et al. 2021a, 2021b)
privigna (Ach.) Nyl. = Acarospora privigna (Knudsen et al. 2021b)
privigna (Ach.) Nyl. var.
clavus (DC.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Sarcogyne clavus
privigna var. pruinosa auct.
(Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
privigna var. revertens Tuck. = Acarospora privigna (Knudsen et al. 2021b)
pruinosa Chaub. Not in North America
pseudochlarotera Brodo = L. hybocarpa
punicea (Sw.) Ach. North American records
are Haematomma persoonii
radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaerer = Lobothallia radiosa
ramulicola (H. Magn.)
Printzen & P. May (Printzen & May 2002) = L. filamentosa
reptans Looman = Aspicilia reptans
riparia G. Merr. non (Flotow) M. Steiner = L. xylophila
rolleana (Hue) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia rolleana
rosulata (Körber) Stizenb. = Aspicilia rosulata
rubina (Vill.) Ach. = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca
rubina var. heteromorpha Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Protoparmeliopsis
peltata ?
rubina var. opaca Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
rugosa auct. (Fink 1935) = L. chlarotera (Brodo 1984)
rugosella Zahlbr. = L. chlarotera (Ryan et al. 2004)
ryrkaipiae H. Magn. = Aspicilia ryrkaipiae
salina
H. Magn. = Myriolecis salina
sambuci
(Pers.) Nyl. = Myriolecis sambuci
sanguinea (Kremp.) Mig. = Bellemerea
sanguinea
saxicola (Pollich) Ach. = Protoparmeliopsis muralis
schizochromatica Pérez-Ortega, T. Sprib. &
Printzen (Pérez-Ortega et al. 2010) =
Palicella schizochromatica (Rodriguez Flakus & Printzen 2014)
schleicheri (Ach.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Acarospora schleicheri
schofieldii
Brodo (Brodo 2010) = Myriolecis
schofieldii
scotopholis (Tuck.) Timdal =
Miriquidica scotopholis
semipallida H. Magn. (Fryday
2004a) = Myriolecis semipallida
sipeana
H. Magn. = Aspicilia sipeana
sophodopsis Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
sordida (Pers.) Th. Fr. = L. rupicola
spodophaeiza Nyl. (Fink 1935, Ryan et al. 2004) = Lecania aipospila
stenospora
Stizenb. = Pleopsidium flavum
straminea
Ach. = Myriolecis straminea
stygioplaca Nyl. = Aspicilia subradians
subdispersa Nyl. ex Hasse = Toninia subdispersa
subfusca (L.) Ach. = nom. rej. prop. = L. allophana
subfusca (L.) Ach. var. allophana Ach.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Lecanora allophana
subfusca var. argentata
(Ach.) Boistel (Tuckerman 1882) = Lecanora argentata
subfusca var. campestris (Schaerer) Rabenh. = Lecanora campestris
subfusca var. coilocarpa Ach.
(Tuckerman 1882) = L. pulicaris
subfusca var. distans (Pers.)
D. Dietr. (Tuckerman 1882)= L. populicola
subfusca var. hypnorum
(Schaerer) Rabenh. (Tuckerman 1882) = identity uncertain
subfuscata H. Magn. = L. argentata
sublapponica Zahlbr. = Aspicilia sublapponica
subolivascens Nyl. = Caloplaca demissa
subpallida G. Merr. non C. Knight = L. subpallens
subradians Nyl. = Aspicilia subradians
subradiascens Nyl. = Aspicilia subradians
superfluens H. Magn. = L. geophila
supertegens (Arnold) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia supertegens
sylvestris (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = L. rubicunda
symmictera Nyl. = L. symmicta
tartarea (L.) Ach. = Ochrolechia tartarea
tenera (Nyl.) Crombie =
Cliostomum tenerum
tenuis H. Magn. = Aspicilia tenuis
tesselina (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = L. oreinoides
tetraspora H. Magn. = L. pacifica
thamnitis Tuck. = Cladidium bolanderi
thamnoplaca Tuck. = Lobothallia alphoplaca
thelococcoides Nyl. = Acarospora
thelococcoides (Lendemer 2004a)
thomsonii H. Magn. = Rhizoplaca novomexicana (Ryan & Nash 1991, Zhao et al.
2016)
torrida
Vainio = Myriolecis torrida
turbinata Poelt & Leuckert = L. zosterae var. beringii (Sliwa 2007b)
umbrina
(Ach.) A. Massal. = L. hagenii (Śliwa 2007b)
urceolaria (Fr.) Wetmore = Megaspora verrucosa
varia subsp. densa Śliwa & Wetmore (Śliwa & Wetmore 2000) =
L. densa
varia (Hoffm.) Ach. var. intricata (Ach.) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lecanora
intricata
varia subsp. laxa Śliwa & Wetmore (Śliwa & Wetmore 2000) = L.
laxa
varia var. polytropa (Ehrh.) D. Dietr. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lecanora alpigena
(Ach.) Cl. Roux, but this European taxon not confirmed for N.A.
varia var. sepincola (Ach.)
Link (Tuckerman 1882) = Lecanora aitema
varia var. symmicta Ach.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Palicella filamentosa
variolascens auct. = L.
impudens for North American records
ventosa (L.) Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Ophioparma ventosa
#verrucariicola B. D. Ryan
(Ryan et al. 2004) = Miriquidica verrucariicola (Knudsen et al. 2015)
verrucigera (Hue) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia verrucigera
verrucosa (Ach.) Laurer = Megaspora verrucosa
verrucosa f. mutabilis Ach. (Tuckerman
1882) = Megaspora verrucosa
versicolor (Pers.) Ach. = Protoparmeliopsis muralis
victoriae (F. Wilson)
“Tibell” Erroneous creation by
typographic error (in ver. 10), should be Mycocalicium victoriae
weberi B. D. Ryan =
Rhizoplaca weberi
wetmorei Śliwa (Ryan et al. 2004) = Myriolecis wetmorei
xanthophaea Nyl. (Nylander 1891) = Rinodina
xanthophaea, a Japanese species, not known for North America
xanthophana
Nyl. = Acarospora xanthophana, but a misidentification for North America
xanthophana f. dealbata Tuck. (Tuckerman
1882) Identity uncertain
zosterae (Ach.) Nyl. var.
zosterae = Myriolecis zosterae
zosterae var. beringii (Nyl.)
Śliwa (Śliwa 2007b) = Myriolecis zosterae
zosterae var. palanderi (Vainio) Śliwa 2007b) = Myriolecis zosterae
LECANOROPSIS M. Choisy
saligna (Schrader) M. Choisy = Lecanora saligna
LECIDEA Ach.
albofuscescens Nyl.
amniculensis J. Lowe
Possibly a syn. of Brianaria lutulata (Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
atomaria Th. Fr.
atrobrunnea (Ramond ex Lam. & DC.) Schaerer subsp. atrobrunnea
atrobrunnea subsp. planaica Hertel & Leuckert (Hertel &
Leuckert 2011)
atromarginata H. Magn.
atroviridis (Arnold) Th. Fr.
auriculata Th. Fr. subsp. auriculata (Hertel
& Andreev 2003)
auriculata subsp. brachyspora Th. Fr. (Hertel
& Andreev 2003)
baffiniana H. Magn.
berengeriana (A. Massal) Th. Fr. (Spribille et al. 2020)
betulicola (Kullh.) H. Magn. f. endamylea
(Hedl.) Hinter. (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
brachyspora (Th. Fr.) Nyl.
brodoana Hertel & Leuckert
(Hertel & Printzen 2004)
brunneofusca H. Magn.
californica Zahlbr.
carneoalbens Nyl.
carnulenta (Tuck.) Fink Syn.: Biatora carnulenta
cascadensis H. Magn.
cellularis Lowe
cerviniicola B. de Lesd. (Fryday 2020)
cinerata Zahlbr.
commaculans Nyl. (Fryday 2006)
confluens (Weber) Ach.
confluentula Müll. Arg. (Knudsen
& Kocourková 2014b)
congesta Fink
coriacea Holien & Palice (Holien
et al. 2016)
crassilabra Müll. Arg.
crisima Nyl.
cruciaria Tuck.
cyrtidia Tuck. (Harris
1997)
deplanaica (Hertel & Leuckert)
McCune Syn.: L. atroburnnea ssp. deplanaica
(McCune et al. 2017)
despecta Th. Fr.
diducens Nyl.
eckfeldtii Zahlbr.
ecrustacea (Anzi ex Arnold) Arnold
enalla Nyl. (Printzen 1995)
enterophaea Vainio
epiphaea Nyl. (Spribille et al. 2010)
erythrophaea Flörke ex Sommerf.
extenuata Vainio
flavidolivens (Tuck.) Fink
Syn.: Biatora flavidolivens
formosa (Bagl. & Carestia) Knoph
& Leuckert (Knudsen et al. 2017)
fuliginosa Taylor
furvonigrans (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr. (Coppins & Fryday
2006b)
fuscatoatra Nyl.
fuscoatra (L.) Ach.
globulispora Nyl. (Spribille et al. 2020)
goniophiloides B. de Lesd.
griseomarginata Fryday (Spribille et al. 2020)
haerjedalica H. Magn. (Fryday 2004a)
hassei Zahlbr.
herteliana Fryday & Coppins
(Fryday & Coppins 2012)
hoganii E. Tripp & Lendemer
(Tripp & Lendemer 2015)
holopolia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Biatora holopolia
homosema Nyl.
hypomela Nyl.
intropallida Fink
katahdinensis Degel.
kingmanii (Hasse) Hertel & S. Ekman
(Hertel & Printzen 2004)
laboriosa Müll. Arg. (Hertel 1995)
labradorica Arnold
lactea Flörke ex Schaerer (McCune et al. 2014b)
lapicida (Ach.) Ach. (Coppins 2002; Hertel & Andreev 2003)
leprarioides Tønsberg
leucothallina Arnold
lithophila (Ach.) Ach.
louisianae B. de Lesd.
lyngei Degel.
magnussonii Lynge (Dix 1956)
malmeana Zahlbr. (Spribille et al. 2010)
mamillana Tuck.
mannii Tuck.
meiocarpa Nyl. var. tacomensis Printzen &
Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
melaphanoides Nyl.
merrillii H. Magn.
microps Tuck. (Fink 1935, Perlmutter
& Greene 2005)
micytho Tuck. ex Willey (Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
moreliiensis B. de Lesd.
mutabilis Fée Syn.: Biatora mutabilis
nearingii H. Magn.
nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. Syn.: Biatora nylanderi
occidentalis Lynge
olivascens Th. Fr
oreophila K. Knudsen &
Kocourk. (Knudsen & Kocourková
2014a)
pacifica Herre
paupercula Th. Fr. (Hertel & Andreev 2003)
peliaspis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Biatora peliaspis
perlatolica Hertel & Leuckert
(Hertel & Printzen 2004)
phaeopelidna Vainio
phaeops Nyl.
picea Lynge
plana (J. Lahm) Nyl.
plebeja Nyl. Syn.: Biatora myriocarpoides
polaris Lynge
polycocca Sommerf.
populina Müll. Arg. ex Nyl. Syn.: Micarea populina
praenubila Nyl.
praetermissa Tønsberg
promiscens Nyl.
promiscua
Nyl. (Fryday 2020)
protabacina Nyl.
pseudaglaea Hertel (Hertel &
Printzen 2004)
pulla Lowe
pumicicola H. Magn.
ramulosa Th. Fr.
rivulorum H. Magn.
roseotincta Coppins & Tønsberg
rubrocastanea T. Sprib. &
Printzen (Spribille & Printzen 2007)
sarcogynoides Körber (McMullin &
Lendemer 2013)
sauteri Körber (Hertel &
Printzen 2004)
scabridula Hedl. nom. illeg.
(Spribille & Björk 2008)
silacea Ach.
somphoterella Vainio
steineri Hertel
strasseri Zahlbr. (Spribille et al. 2010)
stratura K. Knudsen & Lendemer
(Knudsen et al. 2017)
streveleri T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2020)
subaglaea B. de Lesd.
subcandida H. Magn.
subfilamentosa (Zahlbr.) Fryday (Fryday 2008)
subrhagadiella Lynge
swartzioidea Nyl.
syncarpa Zahlbr. (McCune 1998b)
tenayucae B. de Lesd.
tenuissima Lynge
tessellata Flörke
tessellata var. caesia (Anzi) Arnold
theodori Lynge
torquens Müll. Arg. = a species of Lecanora? (Printzen 1995)
trapelioides Printzen (Hertel
& Printzen 2004)
truckeei Herre
turgidula Fr. Syn.: Biatora turgidula
umbonata (Hepp) Mudd
uniformis McCune (McCune et al.
2017)
varians Ach. Syns.: Biatora
varians, Pyrrhospora varians (Hertel & Printzen 2004), Lecidea subtilis
(Lendemer & Harris 2014c)
versicolor Schwein. (Printzen 1995)
xanthococcoides Zahlbr.
ablephora Nyl. = Ramonia ablephora
acclinis Flotow (Tuckerman 1888) = Toninia
populorum
acrocyanea (Th. Fr.) H. Magn. = Lecidella patavina
adirondackii H. Magn. = Psilolechia clavulifera
admiscens Nyl. = Trapeliopsis glaucopholis
aenea (Fr.) Nyl. = Miriquidica garovaglioi
aeruginosa Borrer = Trapeliopsis flexuosa
aglaea Sommerf. = Calvitimela aglaea
aglaeida Nyl. = Calvitimela aglaea
ahlesii
(Hepp) Nyl. (Harris 1995b) = Bryobilimbia ahlesii
ahlesii var. nemoralis (J. Lowe) Fryday &
Coppins (Coppins & Fryday 2006b) = Bryobilimbia ahlesii var. nemoralis
aitema Ach. = Lecanora aitema
alaiensis Vainio = Lecidella patavina
alaskensis Nyl. = Herteliana alaskensis
albidocinerella (Vainio) Vainio = Lecidella effugiens
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach. = Porpidia albocaerulescens
albocaerulescens var. flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) Schaerer = Porpidia
flavicunda
albohyalina (Nyl.)
Th. Fr. = Mycobilimbia albohyalina
albonigra H. Magn. = Lecidella carpathica
(Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
albosuffusa Th. Fr. = Farnoldia jurana
aleutica Degel. = Fuscidea aleutica
alpestris Sommerf. = Protomicarea alpestris
amabilis B. de Lesd. =
Carbonea latypizodes
amaurospoda
(Anzi) Vainio = Frutidella furfuracea
"amylacea Ach. 1810" nom. illeg. Probably refers to Lecanora
marginata
aniptiza Stirton = Micarea denigrata
anthracophila Nyl. = Carbonicola anthracophila
antoniensis H. Magn. = L. hassei
apochroeiza Nyl. = Biatora subduplex
arctica Sommerf. = Frutidella caesioatra
arctogena (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = Calvitimela testaceoatra
arcuatula (Arnold) Nyl. = Fuscidea recensa var. arcuatula
armeniaca (DC.) Fr. = Calvitimela armeniaca
aromatica (Turner) Turner (Tuckerman 1888) = Toniniopsis
aromatica
assimilata Nyl. = Micarea assimilata
assimilis (Körber) Th. Fr. = Carbonea assimilis
associata Th. Fr. = Geltingia associata
atrata (Ach.) Wahlenb. = Tremolecia atrata
atrobrunnea subsp. deplanaica Hertel & Leuckert (Hertel & Leuckert
2011) = L. deplanaica (McCune et al. 2017)
atrobrunnea subsp. saxosa
Hertel & Leuckert (Hertel &
Printzen 2004) = L. syncarpa (McCune et al. 2014b)
atrobrunnea subsp. stictica Hertel & Leuckert (Hertel & Printzen 2004) = L. protabacina
(McCune et al. 2014b)
atrofulva Sommerf. = Miriquidica atrofulva
atrofusca (Hepp) Mudd = Bryobilimbia hypnorum
atrolutescens Nyl. = L. mannii
atronivea Arnold = Carbonea atronivea
austrocalifornica Zahlbr. = Carbonea latypizodes
berengeriana (A. Massal.) Nyl. (Hertel & Printzen 2004) = Mycobilimbia
berengeriana
botryosa (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Hertelidea botryosa
brandegei Tuck. = Lecanora brandegeei (Davydov
et al. 2021a, 2021b)
breviuscula Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Phyllopsora breviuscula
brouardii (B. de Lesd.)
Zahlbr. = Psorula rufonigra
brujeriana (Schaerer) Leighton = Ainoa mooreana, but a misidentification for
North America
cadubriae (A. Massal.) Nyl. = Lecanora cadubriae
caeca J. Lowe = Lambiella caeca
caesioatra Schaerer = Frutidella caesioatra
caesiocoronata J. Lowe = Lecidea
olivascens (Degelius 1957); belongs to Lecanora according to Printzen (1995)
calcivora (Ehrh.) Nyl. = Clauzadea immersa
candida (Weber) Ach. (Tuckerman 1888) = Toninia candida
carbonoidea J. W. Thomson = Immersaria carbonoidea
carpathica (Körber) Szatala = Lecidella carpathica
catalinaria Stizenb. = Lecidella asema
caudata Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Ropalospora lugubris
caulophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = a Lecanora sp.
chalybeiza Nyl.= Leimonis erratica
cinereoatra Ach. = Porpidia cinereoatra
cinereorufa Schaerer = Schaereria cinereorufa
cinnabarina Sommerf. = Ramboldia cinnabarina
circumnigrata H. Magn. = Miriquidica pulvinatula
circumnigrata var. reagens H. Magn. = Miriquidica lulensis
cladonioides Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Carbonicola anthracophila
coarctata (Turner ex Sm.)
Nyl. = Trapelia coarctata
coeruleonigricans auct. (Tuckerman 1888) = Thalloidima
sedifolia
cohibilis Nyl. (Nylander 1891) = Buellia mamillana (Bungartz et al. 2004a)
colludens Nyl. = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri
columbiana H. Magn. = L. tessellata
columnata J. Lowe = Cecidonia xenophana
conferenda Nyl. = Adelolecia kolaensis
contigua Fr. = Porpidia macrocarpa
contigua var. convexella (Wainio) Fink (Claassen 1917) = Porpidia macrocarpa
contigua var. hydrophila (Fr.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.)
Hertel & A. J. Schwab, but not confirmed for N.A.
coroniformis Kremp. = Psora crenata
crassipes (Th. Fr.) Nyl. = Helocarpon crassipes
crenata (Taylor) Stizenb. = Psora crenata
crustulata (Ach.) Sprengel = Porpidia crustulata
cuprea Sommerf. = Biatora cuprea
cuprea var. berengeriana (A. Massal.) Leighton (Tuckerman 1888) = Mycobilimbia
berengeriana
cyanea (Ach.) Rohl. = L. tessellata
cyanescens Lynge = L. lapicida
cyathoides (Ach.) Ach. = Fuscidea cyathoides, but a misidentification for North
America
cyrtella Ach. = Lecania cyrtella
decipiens (Hedwig) Ach. = Psora decipiens
degelii
H. Magn. = Porpidia degelii (Lendemer & Harris 2014c)
delincta Nyl. = Bryobilimbia ahlesii
(Arup 2004, Fryday et al. 2014)
declinis Tuck. = Catillaria nigroclavata (Ekman 1996)
deminutula
H. Magn. = Lecidella enteroleucella (Lendemer et al. 2019a)
demissa (Rutstr.) Ach. = Lecidoma demissum
destituta Nyl. (Nylander 1891) = Rinodina
moziana (Sheard 2018)
deustata Zahlbr. = Miriquidica deusta
diapensiae
Th. Fr. = Bryobilimbia diapensiae
dicksonii auct. = Tremolecia atrata
dicksonii (Gmelin) Ach. = nomen dubium
dilutiuscula Nyl. = Brianaria bauschiana
diversa J. Lowe = Porpidia contraponenda
dolodes Nyl. = Schaeraria dolodes
efflorescens (Hedl.) Erichsen = Biatora efflorescens
elabens Fr. = Ramboldia elabens
elaeochroma (Ach.) Ach. = Lecidella elaeochroma
elata Schaerer = Lecanora marginata
elegantior H. Magn. = Amygdalaria elegantior
ementiens
Nyl. = Myrionora
ementiens (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
endolithea Lynge = Lecidella patavina
enteroleuca auct. = Lecidella spp.
enteroleuca Ach. (Tuckerman 1888) = Melaspilea enteroleuca (Ach.) Ertz &
Diederich, but not confirmed for N.A.
enteroleuca var. achrista (Sommerf.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
enteroleuca var. aequata
(Flörke) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
enteroleuca var. ambigua
“Anzi” (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
enteroleuca var. flavida Fr.
(Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
enteroleuca var. theioplaca
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
epiiodiza Nyl. = Schaereria endocyanea
epixanthoidiza Nyl. nom. rej. prop. = Biatora efflorescens
erratica Körber = Leimonis erratica
euphorea (Flörke) Nyl. = Lecidella euphorea
evansii H. Magn. = Lecidella carpathica
fissuriseda Poelt = Mycobilimbia fissuriseda
flavocaerulescens Hornem. = Porpidia flavicunda
#Lecidea flavovirescens Borrer (Tuckerman 1888) = #Arthrorhaphis
citrinella
flexuosa (Fr.) Nyl. = Trapeliopsis flexuosa
floridensis
Nyl. = Malmidea floridensis (Cáceres et al. 2017)
friesii Ach. = Xylopsora friesii
fumosa (Hoffm.) Ach. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea fuscoatra
furfuracea Pers. = Phyllopsora furfuracea
furfurosa Tuck. ex Nyl. =
Malmidea furfurosa
furva J. Lowe = Miriquidica plumbeoatra (Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
furvella Nyl. ex Mudd = Lambiella furvella
fusca (Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Bryobilimbia hypnorum
fuscescens Sommerf. = Lecanora fuscescens
fuscoatrina Hertel &
Leuckert (Hertel & Printzen 2004) =
L. cascadensis (Hutten et al. 2013)
fuscocinerea Nyl. = Schaereria fuscocinerea
fuscorubens (Nyl.) Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Clauzadea monticola (Scholz 2000)
garovaglioi Schaerer = Miriquidica garovaglioi
gelatinosa Flörke = Trapeliopsis gelatinosa
geophana Nyl. = Steinia geophana
glaucophaea Körber = Porpidia rugosa (Fryday 2005)
glaucopholis
Nyl. = Trapeliopsis glaucopholis
glebulosa (Fr.) Clem. = Trapeliopsis wallrothii, but misidentifications for
North America
globulosa Flörke = Myrionora globulosa
globifera Ach. = Psora globifera
glomerulosa (DC.) Steudel = Lecidella euphorea
goniophila auct. = Lecidella anomaloides
granosa Tuck. = Bacidia granosa (Ekman 2014)
granulata H. Magn. = Lecidella granulata
granulosa (Hoffm.) Ach. = Trapeliopsis granulosa
granulosa var. phyllizans Zahlbr. = Trapeliopsis glaucopholis
gregaria G. Merr. = Trapelia glebulosa
grisella Flörke ex Schaerer = L. fuscoatra
griseoatra (Flotow) Schaerer (Fink 1935) = Miriquidica subplumbea
gyrodes H. Magn. = Fuscidea recensa var. arcuatula
gyalizella Nyl. = Gyalecta gyalizella (Baloch et al. 2013a)
gyrophoroides Sprengel (Fink 1935)
Identity uncertain (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
hebescens
Nyl. = Porpidia albocaerulescens (Lendemer 2004a)
helvola (Körber) Th. Fr. = Biatora helvola
helvola var. longispora Degel. = Biatora longispora
heppii R. A. Anderson & W. A. Weber = Lecidella wulfenii
homalodes Nyl. = L. tessellata Flörke (Hertel 1991)
humilis J. Lowe = Miriquidica plumbeoatra
humosa (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Placynthiella uliginosa
hypnorum Lib. = Bryobilimbia hypnorum
hypocrita A. Massal. = Farnoldia hypocrita
hypopta Ach. = Lecanora hypopta
icterica (Mont.) Taylor = Psora icterica
impavida Th. Fr. = Lambiella impavida
insidians Nyl.
(Nylander 1891) = Buellia insidians, but identity uncertain
instrata Nyl. = Miriquidica instrata
insularis Nyl. = Lambiella insularis
intermediella Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) N.A.
report is Phyllopsora parvifolia
intermixta Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Catinaria atropurpurea
intermixta var. lignaria Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Catinaria purpurea
internectens Nyl. = Biatora subduplex
interponens Nyl.
(Nylander 1891) Illegitimate later
homonym; identity uncertain
intrudens H. Magn. = Carbonia intrudens (Dillman et al. 2012)
intumescens (Flotow) Nyl. = Lambiella
insularis
jurana Schaerer = Farnoldia jurana
kochiana Hepp = Fuscidea kochiana, but apparently a misidentification for N.A.
(Fryday 2008)
kochiana var. subreagens H. Magn. = Fuscidea scrupulosa
lacus-crateris H. Magn. = Lecidella stigmatea
lapicida Fr. var. oxydata Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
lapicida var. pantherina
Ach. (Hertel & Andreev 2003) = L. lactea (Coppins 2002)
latypea auct. non Ach. = Lecidella carpathica
latypea Ach. = L. plana
latypiza Nyl. = Lecidella carpathica
laureri (Hepp) Anzi = Lecidella laureri
laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Leighton = Megalaria laureri
lepidastra
Tuck. = Buellia lepidastra
leptoboloides Nyl. = L. laboriosa
leucoblephara Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Byssoloma
leucoblepharum
leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Nyl. = Miriquidica leucophaea
leucophaeoides Nyl. = Miriquidica leucophaeoides
limborina (Nyl.) Lamy = Rimularia limborina
limitata auct. = Lecidella elaeochroma
limosa Ach. = Protomicarea limosa
lithospersa Zahlbr. = Farnoldia hypocrita
lividula Nyl. (Nylander 1891) Identity
uncertain; a later homonym of L. lividula Müll. Arg.
longiuscula Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) N.A. report is Phyllopsora parvifolia
lopadioides (Th. Fr.) Grummann = Ainoa mooreana, but a misidentification for
North America
lowensis H. Magn. = Fuscidea lowensis
lucida (Ach.) Ach. = Psilolechia lucida
lugubris Sommerf. = Ropalospora lugubris
lulensis (Hellbom) Stizenb. = Miriquidica lulensis
lurida (Ach.) DC. = Romjularia lurida
luridella Tuck. = Psora luridella
luteola (Schrader) Ach. var. arceutina Ach. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia
arceutina
lynceola Th. Fr. = Micarea lynceola, but a misidentification for N. America
(Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
lynceola auct. N. Am. = Brinaria bauschiana (Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
lyngeana Zahlbr. = Adelolecia pilati
macrocarpa (DC.) Steudel = Porpidia macrocarpa
macrocarpa var. trullisata (Arnold) Mig. = Porpidia zeoroides
mamillaria Tuck. (Mohr 1901) Apparent
typographical error for L. mamillana
manni Tuck. (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
Orthographic variant of L. mannii
marciensis J. Lowe = Miriquidica pycnocarpa
(Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
marginata Schaerer = Lecanora marginata
marylandensis H. Magn. = Miriquidica leucophaea
(Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
massata Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Thalloidima
massatum
medialis Tuck. ex Nyl. = Bacidina medialis
meiocarpa Nyl. = Biatora meiocarpa
meiocarpa var. tacomensis Printzen & Tønsberg = Biatora meiocarpa var.
tacomensis
melancheima Tuck. = Ramboldia elabens
melinodes (Körber) H. Magn. ex Lynge = Porpidia melinodes
micacea Körber = Lecidella stigmatea
michenerii (Tuck.) Identity uncertain
(Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
minuta (Nyl.) Nyl. = Biatora meiocarpa
misella (Nyl.) Nyl. = Micarea misella
mollis (Wahlenb.) Nyl. = Fuscidea mollis
monticola Ach. = Clauzadea monticola
morio (Duby) Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
morio var. coracina Schaerer (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
mundula Müll. Arg. = Lecanora oreinodes (Rambold 1989)
myriocarpella
(G. Merr.) Zahlbr., nom. illeg., probable synonym of Lecidea enalla (Printzen
1995)
myriocarpoides Nyl. = L. plebeja
myrmecina Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Xylopsora friesii
neglecta Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Lepraria neglecta
nemoralis J. Lowe = Bryobilimbia ahlesii var. nemoralis
nivalis Anzi = Farnoldia micropsis
novomexicana (B. de Lesd.) W. A. Weber ex R. A. Anderson = Psora nipponica
oblongula H. Magn. = Caloplaca oblongula
obtegens Th. Fr. = Trapelia obtegens
occidentalis Lynge = L. tessellata (Hertel 1991)
ochrococca Nyl. = Protoparmelia ochrococca
ochrophora Nyl. = Piccolia ochrophora
oligotropha J. R. Laundon = Placynthiella oligotropha
olivacea (Hoffm.) A. Massal. = Lecidella elaeochroma
olivacea var. inspersa Degel. = Lecidella elaeochroma (Lendemer et al. 2019a)
oreinodes (Körber) W. A. Weber & Hertel = Lecanora oreinoides
ornata (Sommerf.) Hue = Trapelia glebulosa
orosthea (Ach.) Ach. = Lecanora orosthea
ostreata (Hoffm.) Schaerer = Hypocenomyce scalaris
*oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl. = Nesolechia oxyspora
paddensis
(Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Lecanora paddensis (McCune et al. 2014b)
pallida Th. Fr. = Pilophorus dovrensis
panaeola (Ach.) Ach. = Amygdalaria panaeola
pantherina (Ach.) Th. Fr. = L. lactea
parasema (Ach.) Ach. (Fink 1935) = Lecidella elaeochroma (Scholz 2000)
parasemella Nyl. = Schaereria parasemella
parvifolia Pers. = Phyllopsora parvifolia
parvifoliella Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Phyllopsora parvifoliella
patellarioides Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bactrospora patellarioides
"pelobotrion" = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Leighton = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
petri (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Romjularia lurida
phaeophora Stizenb. = Lecanora phaeophora
phylliscina Nyl. = Porpidia macrocarpa
pilati (Hepp) Körber = Adelolecia pilati
placidensis H. Magn. = Lecanora placidensis
planetica Tuck. ex Willey = Leimonis erratica
platycarpa Ach. = Porpidia macrocarpa
plumbeoatra Vainio = Miriquidica plumbeoatra
polycarpa Flörke (Fink 1935) = L. lapicida (Santesson et al. 2004)
porphyrospoda (Anzi) Th. Fr. = Myochroidea porphyrospoda
praeruptorum Du Rietz & H. Magn. = Fuscidea praeruptorum
prasinula (Wedd.) B. de Lesd. = Lecidella scabra
pringlei Tuck. = Pulvinora pringlei (Davydov et
al. 2021a)
pruinosa Ach. = L. lithophila
pulcherrima Vainio = Anamylopsora pulcherrima
pullata (Norman) Th. Fr. (Jørgensen et al. 2002) = Frutidella furfuracea
pullula (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Lecanora anopta
punctella (Willey) Zahlbr. = Micarea rhabdogena
purissima Darb. = Lecanora marginata
pycnocarpa
(Körber) Ohlert = Miriquidica pycnocarpa
quadricolor (Dickson) Borrer = Trapeliopsis granulosa
quernea (Dickson) Ach. = Pyrrhospora quernea
ramulicola H. Magn. = Lecanora cadubriae
recedens Nyl. = a non-lichenized fungus
recensa Stirton = Fuscidea recensa
rhaetica Hepp ex Th. Fr. = Farnoldia micropsis
rivulosa Ach. = Fuscidea cyathoides, but a misidentification for North America
rubiformis (Ach.) Wahlenb. = Psora rubiformis
rufofusca
(Anzi) Nyl. = Myochroidea rufofusca
rufonigra (Tuck.) Nyl. = Psorula rufonigra
ruginosa Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bibbya
ruginosa
rugosa J. Lowe = Schaereria cinereorufa
(Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
russellii Tuck. = Psora russellii
russula Ach. = Ramboldia russula
salweyi Borrer (Tuckerman 1888) = Trapeliopsis wallrothii, a misidentification
for N.A. (McCune et al. 2002)
sanguineoatra sens. Nyl. = Bryobilimbia hypnorum
santae-monicae H. Magn. = L. laboriosa
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2005a)
santensis Tuck. = Phyllopsora santens
saxosa R. A. Anderson = L. syncarpa (Hertel 1995, Leuckert & Hertel 2003)
scabra Taylor = Lecidella scabra
scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) Ach. = Hypocenomyce scalaris
schizopeltica Hertel &
Leuckert (Hertel & Printzen 2004,
Hertel & Leuckert 2011) = L. truckeei (Lendemer & Knudsen 2007)
scholanderi Lynge = Kiliasia tristis
scotopholis (Tuck.) Herre = Miriquidica scotopholis
scrobiculata Th. Fr. = Lecanora scrobiculata (Elix & Øvstedal 2004)
scrupulosa
(Eckfeldt) H. Magn. = Fuscidea scrupulosa
shushanii J. W. Thomson = Lecidea aglaeida (Haugan & Timdal 1994) =
Calvitimela aglaea (Hertel & Andreev 2003)
sordidescens Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) =
Micarea prasina
soredifera J. Lowe = Porpidia
macrocarpa (Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
sorediza Nyl. = Porpidia tuberculosa
soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) Vainio = Porpidia soredizodes
spadicea Ach. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia suffusa
(Ekman 1996)
speirea (Ach.) Ach. =
Porpidia speirea
sphacelata Th. Fr. = Lambiella sphacelata
sphaerella Hedl. = Coppinsidea sphaerella (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
squalida Ach. (Tuckerman 1888) = Tonina squalida
squalida var. caulescens (Anzi) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Tonina squalida
stenotera (Nyl.) Nyl. = L. alpestris
steriza (Ach.) Vainio = Porpidia macrocarpa
stigmatea Ach. = Lecidella stigmatea
suballinita Nyl. = Micarea ternaria (Nyl.) Vězda (Printzen 1995)
subauriculata B. de Lesd. non Lynge = Lecidella spp.
subauriculata Lynge non B. de Lesd. = Adelolecia pilati
subcinnabarina Tønsberg = Pyrrhospora subcinnabarina
subcontinuior B. de Lesd. = Carbonea latypizodes
subduplex (Nyl.) Nyl. = Biatora subduplex
suberratica J. Lowe = Micarea erratica
sublimosa Nyl. = Megalaria jemtlandica
subplebeia Nyl. = Carbonea latypizodes
subplebeja Vainio This name (a corticolous Brazilian taxon) was
first added to the North American checklist in the 1960 Hale & Culberson
version, apparently erroneously replacing L. subplebeia Nyl. (a saxicolous
California taxon) which had been in the 1956 version.
subplumbea Anzi = Miriquidica subplumbea
subramosa J. Lowe = Toninia squalescens
(Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
subsimplex H. Magn. = Porpidia subsimplex
subsorediza Lynge = Bellemerea subsorediza
subspadicea Nyl.
(Nylander 1891) = Bacidia polychroa (Ekman 1996)s
subtilis Degel. = Lecidea varians (Lendemer & Harris
2014c)
sulphurea (Hoffm.) Wahlenb. = Lecanora sulphurea
sylvana (Körber) Th. Fr. = Myrionora globulosa
sylvicola Flotow = Brianaria sylvicola
symmicta (Ach.) Ach. = Lecanora symmicta
symmictella Nyl. (Spribille & Björk 2008) = Puttea caesia (Dillman et al.
2012)
templetonii Taylor = Bryobilimbia hypnorum
tenebrosa Flotow = Schaereria fuscocinerea
tennessensis Nyl. = Lecanora oreinoides
tesselina Tuck. = Lecanora oreinoides
testacea (Hoffm.) Ach. = Psora testacea, but not included in the North American
flora.
texana W. A. Weber = Xanthopsorella texana
tornoënsis Nyl. = Japewia tornoënsis
tricolor (With.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Cliostomum griffithii
trochodes (Taylor ex Leighton) Crombie = Rimularia limborina
tuckeii Herre (Fink 1935) Apparent
typographic error for L. truckeei
tumida A. Massal. = Porpidia tuberculosa
uliginosa (Schrader) Ach. = Placynthiella uliginosa
ultima Th. Fr. = Cephalophysis leucospila
umbonella Nyl. = Cecidonia umbonella
vacciniicola Tønsberg = Myrionora vacciniicola (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
variegata Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea lactea
vernalis (L.) Ach. = Biatora vernalis
vernalis (L.) Ach. var. turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Lecidea
turgidula
vernicoma Tuck. = Buellia vernicoma
violascens H. Magn. = L. laboriosa
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2005a)
virginiensis
Calk. & Nyl. = Bryobilimbia ahlesii (Lendemer et al. 2019a)
viridans (Flotow) Lamy = Lecidella viridans
viridescens (Schrader) Ach. = Trapeliopsis viridescens
*vitellinaria Nyl. = Carbonea vitellinaria
vorticosa (Flörke) Körber = Carbonea vorticosa
vulgata Zahlbr. = Lecidella stigmatea
wallrothii Flörke ex Sprengel = Trapeliopsis wallrothii, but misidentifications
for North America
washingtonensis H. Magn. = L. cascadensis
wulfenii (Hepp) Arnold = Lecidella wulfenii
xanthococca Sommerf. = Pycnora xanthococca
ypocrita A. Massal. = Farnoldia hypocrita
zahlbruckneri Fink = Lecidella latypiza (Knoph & Leuckert 1994)
LECIDELLA Körber
anomaloides (A. Massal.) Hertel & H. Kilias Syn.: Lecidea
goniophila auct.
asema (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea catalinaria
bullata Körber
carpathica Körber Syns.: Lecidea latypiza, L. carpathica, L.
latypea auct., L. evansi, L. albonigra
chiricahuana Knoph & Leuckert
(Knoph & Leuckert 2004)
#dimelaenophila
Hertel
effugiens (Nilson) Knoph & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea
albidocinerella
elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy
Syns.: Lecidea elaeochroma, L. olivacea, L. limitata auct.
enteroleucella (Nyl.) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea deminutula
euphorea (Flörke) Hertel
Syns.: Lecidea euphorea, L. glomerulosa
flavosorediata (Vězda) Hertel & Leuckert
granulata (H. Magn.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Lecidea granulata
granulosula (Nyl.) Knoph & Leuckert
(Knoph & Leuckert 2004)
latypiza (Nyl.) M. Choisy
laureri (Hepp) Körber (Goward et al. 1996) Syns.: Biatora
laureri, Lecidea laureri
meiococca (Nyl.) Leuckert & Hertel
nashiana Knoph & Leuckert
(Knoph & Leuckert 2004)
patavina (A. Massal.) Knoph
& Leuckert Syns.: Lecidea acrocyanea, L. alaiensis, L. endolithea
pulveracea (Flörke ex Th. Fr.) P. Sydow (Laundon 2005)
scabra (Taylor) Hertel & Leuckert Syns.: Lecidea scabra,
L. prasinula
stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert Syns.: Bacidia
arthoniza, Lecidea micacea, L. stigmatea, L. vulgata, L. lacus-crateris
[Lecidea
subauriculata B. de Lesd. non Lynge]
subviridis Tønsberg (Coppins
& Fryday 2006b)
tumidula (A. Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert (Knoph & Leuckert 2004)
viridans (Flotow) Körber Syn.: Lecidea viridans
wulfenii (Hepp) Körber Syns.: Lecidea heppii, L. wulfenii
alaiensis (Vainio) Hertel = L. patavina
chodatii
(Samp.) Knoph & Leuckert = L. granulosula
elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel = L. asema
enteroleuca auct. = various Lecidella spp.
glomerulosa (DC.) M. Choisy = L. euphorea
goniophila auct. = L. anomaloides
inamoena (Müll. Arg.) Hertel = L. patavina
incongruella (Vainio) Hertel & Leuckert = L. effugiens placidensis (H.
Magn.) R. C. Harris = Lecanora placidensis (Knoph & Leuckert 1994)
prasinula (Wedd.) Hertel = L. scabra
pycnocarpa Körber = Miriquidica pycnocarpa
spitsbergensis (Lynge) Hertel & Leuckert = L. patavina
subincongrua (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert var. elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert =
L. asema
LECIDOMA Gotth. Schneider &
Hertel
demissum (Rutstr.) Gotth. Schneider & Hertel Syns.:
Biatora atrorufa, Lecidea demissa, Lepidoma demissum, Psora demissa
LECIOGRAPHA A.
Massal. = OPEGRAPHA
*glaucomaria (Nyl.) H. Olivier = Phacographa glaucomaria
*glaucomarioidea (Willey) Fink (Fink 1935) = Sclerococcum glaucomarioides
*inspersa (Tul.) Rehm = possibly Sclerococcum parasiticum
*lamyi (O. J. Rich. ex Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. = Opegrapha lamyi
*parasitica A. Massal. = Opegrapha rupestris
*pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Fink = Sclerococcum pertusariicola
*urceolata (Fr.) Körber = Sclerococcum urceolatum
LECIOPHYSMA Th. Fr.
finmarkicum Th. Fr.
furfurascens (Nyl.) Gyelnik
saximontanum (T. Sprib., P. M. Jørg.
& M. Schultz) P. M. Jørg., Wedin & S. Ekman Syn.: Santessoniella saximontana (Ekman et
al. 2014)
LEIGHTONIOMYCES D. Hawksw. & B.
Sutton
#phillipsii (Berk. & Leighton) D. Hawksw.
& B. Sutton (McCune & Stone 2009)
LEIMONIS R. C. Harris (Harris 2009)
erratica (Körber) R. C. Harris &
Lendemer Syns.: Lecidea chalybeiformis,
L. erratica, L. suberratica, Micarea erratica
LEIODERMA Nyl.
cherokeense P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 2005)
sorediatum D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg.
LEIORREUMA Eschw.
erodens F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey et al. 2017)
exaltatum (Mont. & Bosch) Staiger Syn.: Graphis diversa,
Phaeographis exaltata (Staiger 2002)
explicans (Fink) Lendemer Syn.:
Phaeographina explicans (Lendemer & Knudsen 2008b)
patellulum (Fée) Staiger
Syn.: Phaeographis patellula
(Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
sericeum (Eschw.) Staiger
Syn.: Phaeographis sericea (Staiger 2002)
LEMMOPSIS (Vainio) Zahlbr.
arnoldiana (Hepp) Zahlbr. (Schultz 2002d)
LEMPHOLEMMA Körber
chalazanum (Ach.) B. de Lesd.
Syns.: Collema chalazanum,
Collemopsis segregata, Psorotichia segregata (Schultz 2007b)
cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Collema cladodes
intricatum (Arnold) Zahlbr.
isidiodes (Nyl. ex Arnold) H. Magn.
minutulum (Bornet) Zahlbr. (Spribille et
al. 2020)
oblique-peltatum (Eschw.) C. W. Dodge
polyanthes (Bernh.) Malme
Syn.: Collema myriococcum
radiatum (Sommerf.) Henssen
syreniarum C. J. Lewis & M. Schultz
(Lewis & Schultz 2020)
umbella (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
Syn.: Omphalaria umbella
vesiculiferum Henssen
albonigrum H. Magn. = L. cladodes
fennicum (Räsänen) Degel. (Goward 1999) = L. intricatum
myriococcum (Ach.) Th. Fr. = L. polyanthes
LEPIDOCOLLEMA Vainio
marianum (Fr.) P. M. Jørg. Syns.: Pannaria mariana, Parmeliella
mariana (Ekman et al. 2014) Uncertain for North America (Jørgensen 2000c)
stylophorum (Vainio) P. M.
Jørg. Syns.: Pannaria stylophora,
Parmeliella stylophorum (Ekman et al. 2014)
LEPIDOMA (Ach.) Gray
demissum (Rutstr.) M. Choisy = Lecidoma demissum
LEPRA Scop. (Hafellner & Türk
2016, Lendemer & Harris 2017)
albescens (Hudson) Hafellner Syns.: Pertusaria albescens, P. globulifera,
P. scutellaris
amara (Ach.) Hafellner Syns.: Pertusaria amara, Variolaria amara
andersoniae (Lendemer) Lendemer
& R. C. Harris Syn.: Pertusaria
andersonii
commutata (Müll. Arg.) Lendemer
& R. C. Harris Syns.: Pertusaria
commutata, P. copiosa
dactylina (Ach.) Hafellner Syn.: Pertusaria dactylina
excludens (Nyl.) Hafellner Syn.: Pertusaria excludens
floridana (Dibben) Lendemer & R.
C. Harris Syn.: Pertusaria floridana
hypothamnolica (Dibben) Lendemer
& R. C. Harris Syn.: Pertusaria
hypothamnolica
multipunctoides (Dibben) Lendemer
& R. C. Harris Syns.: Pertusaria
multipunctoides, Variolaria multipunctoides
ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Hafellner Syns.: Pertusaria lecanina subsp. nigra, P.
ophthalmiza, Variolaria ophthalmiza
panyrga (Ach.) Hafellner Syn.: Pertusaria panyrga
pustulata (Brodo & W. Culb.)
Lendemer & R. C. Harris Syns.:
Haematomma pustulatum, Loxospora pustulata, Variolaria pustulata
subdactylina (Nyl.) Lendemer &
R. C. Harris Syn.: Pertusaria
subdactylina
subvelata
(G. K. Merr.) T. Sprib. Syn.: Pertusaria
subvelata (Spribille et al. 2020)
trachythallina (Erichsen) Lendemer
& R. C. Harris Syns.: Pertusaria
trachythallina, Variolaria trachythallina
ventosa (Malme) Lendemer & R. C.
Harris Syn.: Pertusaria ventosa
waghornei (Hulting) Lendemer &
R. C. Harris Syns.: Pertusaria
waghornei, Variolaria waghornei
LEPRARIA Ach.
albicans (Th. Fr.) Lendemer &
Hodkinson Syns.: Leprocaulon albicans,
Stereocaulon albicans (Lendemer &
Hodkinson 2013)
arbuscula (Nyl.) Lendemer & Hodkinson Syns.: Leprocaulon arbuscula, Stereocaulon
arbuscula (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
aurescens Orange & Wolseley (Lendemer 2010a)
barbatica Lendemer (Lendemer 2010a)
brodoi Lendemer & Tønsberg (Lendemer & Tønsberg 2014)
caesiella R. C. Harris (Lendemer 2005a)
cryophila Lendemer (Lendemer 2010a)
diffusa (J. R. Laundon) Kukwa
Syn.: Leproloma diffusum (Kukwa 2002)
disjuncta Lendemer (Lendemer 2010a)
eburnea J. R. Laundon
elobataTønsberg (Tønsberg 1997)
finkii (B. de Lesd.) R. C. Harris (Lendemer 2013b) Syns: Crocynia aliciae, C. americana
friabilis Lendemer, K. Knudsen &
Elix (Lendemer et al. 2008b)
gracilescens (Nyl.) Lendemer &
Hodkinson Syn.: Leprocaulon gracilescens
(Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
harrisiana Lendemer (Lendemer 2012a)
hodkinsoniana Lendemer (Lendemer
2011b)
humida Slav.-Bayr. & Orange
(Lendemer 2013a, 2013b)
jackii Tønsberg (Kümmerling et al. 1995)
lanata Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2007)
lecanorica Tønsberg (Tønsberg
2004b)
leprolomopsis Diederich & Sérus.
(Lendemer 2013b)
membranacea (Dickson) Vainio Syns.: Amphiloma lanuginosum,
Leproloma membranaceum (Kukwa 2002), Pannaria lanuginosa
neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen Syn.:
Crocynia neglecta
nivalis J. R. Laundon
normandinoides Lendemer & R. C.
Harris (Lendemer & Harris 2007)
oxybapha Lendemer (Lendemer 2012b)
pacifica Lendemer (Lendemer 2011b)
rigidula (B. de Lesd.) Tønsberg
squamatica Elix (Lendemer 2008)
subalbicans (I. M. Lamb) Lendemer
& Hodkinson Syns.: Leprocaulon
subalbicans, Stereocaulon subalbicans (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
torii Pérez-Ortega
& T. Sprib. (Pérez-Ortega & Spribille 2009a)
vouauxii (Hue) R. C. Harris Syn.: Leproloma vouauxii (Kukwa
2002)
xanthonica Lendemer (Lendemer 2010a)
xerophila Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2004b)
adhaerens K. Knudsen, Elix &
Lendemer (Knudsen et al. 2007) = Leprocaulon adhaerens
aeruginosa
auct. = misidentification for North
America
aeruginosa (Weiss) Sm. = not a lichen-forming fungus
alpina (B.
de Lesd.) Tretiach
& Baruffo (Knudsen & Elix 2007a) = L. neglecta (Lendemer 2013a, 2013b)
arctica (Lynge) Wetmore = L. vouauxii
borealis Loht. & Tønsberg =
L. neglecta (Lendemer 2013b)
cacuminum sensu J. R. Laundon = L. neglecta (Lendemer 2013a, 2013b)
cacuminum
sensu Loht. = L. neglecta (Lendemer 2013a, 2013b)
caesioalba
(B. de Lesd.) J. R. Laundon = L. neglecta (Lendemer 2013a, 2013b)
candelaris (L.) Fr. = Chrysothrix candelaris
chlorina (Ach.) Ach. = Chrysothrix chlorina
citrina (Schaerer) Rabenh. = Chrysothrix candelaris
crassissima (Hue) Lettau =
misidentification for North America (Lendemer 2011b)
crassissima
var. isidiata
Llimona = misidentification for North America (Lendemer 2011b)
diffusa
(J. R. Laundon) Kukwa var. chrysodetoides (J. R. Laundon) Kukwa = L. diffusa
(Lendemer 2013a, 2013b)
flava
(Schreber) Sm. = Chrysothrix candelaris
frigida
J. R. Laundon = L. eburnea (Tønsberg 2004b)
gelida
Tønsberg & Zhurb. (Kukwa & Zhurbenko 2010) = Lepraria neglecta
(Lendemer 2013b)
incana (L.) Ach. =
misidentification for North America (Lendemer 2011b)
lesdainii (Hue) R. C. Harris = Botryolepraria lesdainii
lobificans auct. N.A. non Nyl. = L.
finkii (Lendemer 2013b)
moroziana Lendemer (Lendemer 2010a) = Andreiomyces morozianus
salazinica Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2007) = L. elobata (Lendemer 2013a, 2013b)
santamonicae K. Knudsen & Elix (Knudsen & Elix 2007b) = Leprocaulon
santamonicae
terricola Lendemer (Lendemer 2010a) = Leprocaulon terricola
texta K. Knudsen, Elix & Lendemer (Knudsen & Elix 2007a) = Leprocaulon
textum
zonata Brodo = L. neglecta
LEPROCAULON Nyl. ex Lamy
adhaerens (K. Knudsen, Elix &
Lendemer) Lendemer & Hodkinson Syn.:
Lepraria adhaerens (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
americanum Lendemer & Hodkinson
(Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
beechingii Lendemer (Lendemer 2020b)
knudsenii Lendemer & Hodkinson
(Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
nicholsiae Lendemer & E. Tripp (Tripp
& Lendemer 2019)
santamonicae (K. Knudsen & Elix)
Lendemer & Hodkinson Syn.: Lepararia
santamonicae (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
terricola (Lendemer) Lendemr &
Hodkinson Syn.: Lepraria terricola
(Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
textum (K. Knudsen, Elix &
Lendemer) Lendemer & Hodkinson Syn.:
Lepraria texta (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
albicans
(Th. Fr.) Nyl. = Lepraria albicans
arbuscula
(Nyl.) Nyl. = Lepraria arbuscula
gracilescens
(Nyl.) I. M. Lamb & A. Ward = Lepraria gracilescens
microscopicum
(Vill.) Gams ex D. Hawksw. = L. quisquiliare, but North American records are L.
americanum (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2013)
pseudoarbuscula (Asahina) I. M. Lamb & A. Ward = Lepraria subalbicans for North American records
quisquiliare (Leers) M. Choisy = misidentification for North America
subalbicans (I. M. Lamb) I. M. Lamb &
A. Ward = Lepraria subalbicans
LEPROCOLLEMA Vainio
americanum Vainio Apparently absent
from N.A. north of Mexico (Schultz 2007a)
LEPROLOMA Nyl. ex Crombie = LEPRARIA
(Kukwa 2002)
angardianum (Øvstedal) J. R. Laundon = Lepraria neglecta
cacuminum (A. Massal.) J. R. Laundon = Lepraria neglecta
diffusum J. R. Laundon var. diffusum = Lepraria diffusa
diffusum J. R. Laundon var. chrysodetoides J. R. Laundon (Goward et al. 1996) =
Lepraria diffusa
membranaceum (Dickson) Vainio = Lepraria membranacea
"membranaceum var. chrysodetoides" Removed as a typographical error
here
vouauxii (Hue) J. R. Laundon = Lepraria vouauxii
LEPROPLACA (Nyl.) Hue (Arup et al.
2013)
cirrochroa (Ach.) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syns.: Caloplaca cirrochroa,
Placodium cirrochroum
chrysodeta (Vainio) J. R. Laundon ex
Ahti Syn.: Caloplaca chrysodeta
obliterans (Nyl.) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca obliterans
LEPTOCHIDIUM M. Choisy
albociliatum (Desm.) M. Choisy Syns.: Polychidium
albociliatum, Leptogium albociliatum, L. pilosellum
crenatulum (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg.
(Jørgensen 2006)
LEPTOGIDIUM Nyl. (Muggia et al. 2011)
contortum (Henssen) T. Sprib. &
Muggia (Muggia et al. 2011)
dendriscum (Nyl.) Nyl. Syns.: Leptogium dendriscum, Polychidium
dendriscum
intricatulum Nyl. = Dendriscocaulon intricatulum
LEPTOGIUM (Ach.) Gray
acadiense J. W. Hinds, F. L.
Anderson & Lendemer (Stone et al. 2016)
adpressum Nyl.
arcticum P. M. Jørg.
arsenei Sierk
austroamericanum (Malme) C. W. Dodge
azureum (Sw. ex Ach.) Mont.
brebissonii Mont.
burgessii (L.) Mont.
byssinum (Hoffm.) Zwackh ex Nyl. Syn.: Pannaria byssina
chloromelum (Ach.) Nyl.
compactum D. F. Stone, F. L.
Anderson & J. W. Hinds (Stone et al. 2016)
cookii D. F. Stone & Lendemer
(Stone et al. 2016)
coralloideum (Meyen & Flotow) Vainio (Jørgensen & Nash
2004) Syn.: Parmelia coralloideum
corticola (Taylor) Tuck.
crenatulum (Nyl.) Vainio
cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber
digitatum (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
floridanum Sierk
fusisporum (Tuck.) C. W. Dodge
hibernicum M. E. Mitch. ex P. M.
Jørg. (Nealy & Anderson 2010)
hirsutum Sierk
hypotrachynum Müll. Arg.
isidiosellum (Riddle) Sierk
joergensenii Marcelli & Kitaura
(Kitaura et al. 2015)
juressianum Tav. (Lendemer et al. 2008c)
laceroides B. de Lesd.
marginellum (Sw.) Gray
microstictum Vainio
milligranum Sierk
nanum Herre (McCune &
Rosentreter 2007)
papillosum (B. de Lesd.) C. W. Dodge
(Jørgensen & Nash 2004)
phyllocarpum (Pers.) Mont.
pseudofurfuraceum P. M. Jørg. & Wallace (Jørgensen 1997)
resupinans Nyl. (Jørgensen & Nash 2004)
rivulare (Ach.) Mont.
rugosum Sierk
saturninum (Dickson) Nyl.
sessile Vainio
stipitatum Vainio
albociliatum Desm. = Leptochidium albociliatum
americanum Degel. = L. laceroides
amphineum Ach. ex Nyl. = L. byssinum
apalachense
(Tuck.) Nyl. = Scytinium apalachense (Otálora et al. 2014)
aquale
(Arnold) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999) = Scytinium aquale
(Otálora et al. 2014)
aragonii Otálora (Otálora et al. 2008) = Scytinium aragonii (Otálora et al.
2014)
arizonicum Zahlbr. = Scytinium juniperinum
biatorinum
(Nyl.) Leighton (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999) = L. nanum, for North American
report (McCune & Rosentreter 2007)
bolacinum (Ach.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) =
Ricasolia amplissima growth form
bullatum (Sw. in Ach.) Nyl. (Fink
1935) Probable misidentification for
North America (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
bullatum (Sw.) Mont. var. phyllocarpum (Pers.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) =
Leptogium phyllocarpum
burnetiae
C. W. Dodge Misidentifications for North
America (Stone et al. 2016)
burnetiae C. W. Dodge var. hirsutum (Sierk) P. M. Jørg. = L. hirsutum
caesiellum Tuck. = L. byssinum
caesium (Ach.) Vainio = L. cyanescens
californicum
Tuck. = Scytinium californicum (Otálora et al. 2014)
cellulosum
P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999) = Scytinium
cellulosum (Otálora
et al. 2014)
chloromelum (Sw.) Nyl. var. conchatum
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
chloromelum var. stellans
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
contortum
Sierk = Scytinium contortum (Otálora et al. 2014)
corniculatum (Hoffm.) Minks = Scytinium palmatum (Otálora et al. 2014)
crenatellum (Nyl.) Tuck. = L. rivulare
dactylinum
Tuck. = Scytinium dactylinum (Otálora et al. 2014)
dendriscum Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) =
Leptogidium dendriscum
denticulatum
Nyl. = misidentification for North America (Kitaura et al. 2015)
denticulatum sensu Sierk (1964) = L. joergensenii (Kitaura et al. 2015)
erectum
Sierk = Scytinium erectum (Otálora et al. 2014)
fragile (Tayl.) Nyl (Fink 1935) = Scytinium fragile Taylor, but a likely
misidentification for North America (Degelius 1954)
furfuraceum (Harm.) Sierk = L. pseudofurfuraceum (for North American reports;
Jørgensen 1997)
gelatinosum
(With.) J. R. Laundon = Scytinium gelatinosum (Otálora et al. 2014)
hildenbrandii (Garov.) Nyl. = a European species, a misidentification for North
America (Sierk 1964)
imbricatum
P. M. Jørg. = Scytinium imbricatum (Otálora et al. 2014)
inflexum Nyl. = L. burgessii (fide Jørgensen)
insigne P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 2010) = Gabura
insignis
intermedium
(Arnold) Arnold = Scytinium intermedium (Otálora et al. 2014)
intricatulum Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Scytinium teretiusculum (Sierk 1964)
juniperinum
Tuck. = Scytinium juniperinum (Otálora et al. 2014)
lacerum (Sw.) Gray = Scytinium lichenoides
lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. = Scytinium
lichenoides (Otálora et al. 2014)
lividofuscum (Florke ex Schlecht.) Flotow = Scytinium
tenuissimum
microdium (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Scytinium plicatile (Sierk 1964)
minutissimum (Flörke) Fr. = Scytinium
subtile
minutissimum auct. = Scytinium intermedium
muscicola (Sw.) Fr. = Polychidium muscicola
myochroum (Ehrh.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Leptogium saturninum
myochroum var. saturninum (Schaerer) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Leptogium
saturninum
myochroum var. tomentosum
(Hoffm.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Leptogium saturninum
palmatum
(Hudson) Mont. (Hoffman & Hafellner
2000; Santesson et al. 2004) = Scytinium palmatum (Otálora et al. 2014)
papillosum (B. de Lesd.) C. W. Dodge North American reports refer to L.
pseudofurfuraceum
parculum Nyl. = Scytinium parculum (Otálora et al. 2014)
perminutum Hedr. = Scytinium subtile
pilosellum G. Merr. = Leptochidium albociliatum
platynum (Tuck.) Herre =
Scytinium platynum (Otálora et al. 2014)
plectenchymum Fink = Scytinium
juniperinum
plicatile (Ach.) Leighton =
Scytinium plicatile (Otálora et al. 2014)
polycarpum
P. M. Jørg. & Goward = Scytinium polycarpum (Otálora et al. 2014)
pulchellum (Ach.) Nyl. = Collema pulchellum
pulvillus Tuck. (Fink 1935) Possible synonym of Scytinium lichenoides
(Sierk 1964)
rhyparodes Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Scytinium callopismum
rivale Tuck. = Scytinium rivale
(Otálora et al. 2014)
schraderi
(Bernh.) Nyl. = Scytinium schraderi (Otálora et al. 2014)
scotinum (Ach.) Fr. = Scytinium gelatinosum
(Santesson et al. 2004)
sinuatum (Hudson) A. Massal. = Scytinium gelatinosum
siskiyouensis D. F. Stone & Ruchty (Stone & Ruchty 2008) = Scytinium
siskiyouensis (Otálora et al. 2014)
subaridum
P. M. Jørg. & Goward = Scytinium subaridum (Otálora et al. 2014)
subtile
(Schrader) Torss. = Scytinium subtile (Otálora et al. 2014)
tacomae
P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999) = Scytinium tacomae
(McCune et al. 2014b)
tenuissimum
(Dickson) Körber = Scytinium tenuissimum (Otálora et al. 2014)
teretiusculum
(Wallr.) Arnold = Scytinium teretiusculum (Otálora et al. 2014)
tremelloides auct. = L. cyanescens
turgidum (Ach.) Crombie (McCune & Rosentreter 2007) = Scytinium turgidum
(Otálora et al. 2014)
LEPTORHAPHIS Körber
atomaria (Ach.) Szatala
#contorta Degel.
#epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
lucida Körber
+parameca (A. Massal.) Körber
quercus (Beltr.) Körber = identity uncertain
LEPTOSPHAERIA Ces. & De Not.
*arnoldii Rehm. Syn. :
Phaeospora peltigericola (Alstrup & Ahti
2007)
LEPTOSPHAERULINA McAlpine
*peltigerae (Fuckel) Riedel
LEPTOTREMA Mont.
& Bosch (Frisch 2006)
auberianum (Mont.) Fink = Stegobolus auberianus
glaucescens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Leucodecton glaucescens
heterosporum (C. Knight ex F. M. Bailey) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema santense
laeviusculum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Ocellularia laeviusculum
lepadodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema monosporum
monosporum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Thelotrema monosporum
obturascens (Nyl.) Hale = Ocellularia bahiana
polycarpum Müll. Arg. = Leucodecton subcompunctum
ravenelii (Tuck.) Fink = Sanguinotrema
wightii
reclusum (Kremp.) Zahlbr. = Leucodecton compunctellum
santense (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Reimnitzia santensis
wightii (Taylor) Müll. Arg. (Frisch 2006) = Sanguinotrema wightii (Lücking et
al. 2015)
LETHARIA (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr.
columbiana (Nutt.) J. W. Thomson
gracilis Kroken ex McCune &
Altermann (McCune & Altermann 2009)
lupina Altermann, Leavitt &
Goward (Altermann et al. 2016)
vulpina (L.) Hue Syn.: Evernia vulpina
californica (Lév.) Hue = L. columbiana
vulpina (L.) Hue f. californica (Lév.) W. A. Weber = L. columbiana
LETHARIICOLA Grummann =
SPHAEROPEZIA (Baloch et al. 2013b)
*cucularis
(Norman) Lumbsch & D. Hawksw. = Sphaeropezia cuculuris
*sipei
Grummann = Sphaeropezia sipei
LETROUITIA Hafellner & Bellem.
domingensis (Pers.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.: Bombyliospora
domingensis, Lopadium domingense, Heterothecium domingense
parabola (Nyl.) R. Sant. & Hafellner
vulpina (Tuck.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.: Heterothecium
vulpinum, Lopadium vulpinum, Bombyliospora vulpina
LETTAUIA D. Hawksw. & R.
Sant.
*santessonii Ihlen & Tønsberg (Ihlen & Tønsberg 1996)
*cladoniicola
D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. (Esslinger
& Egan 1995) = Cryptodiscus cladoniicola
LEUCOCARPIA Vězda =
PSOROGLAENA (Lücking 2008)
biatorella
(Arnold) Vězda (Buck & Harris 2001) = Psoroglaena biatorella (Lücking
2008)
dictyospora (Orange) R. Sant. (Alstrup
2004) = Psoroglaena dictyospora (Harada 2003)
LEUCODECTON Massal.
(Frisch 2006)
compunctellum (Nyl.) Frisch
(Lücking et al. 2011b) Syns.:
Leptotrema reclusum, Myriotrema reclusum
compunctum (Ach.) A. Massal. (Seavey et al. 2017)
fissurinum (Hale) A. Frisch (Seavey et al. 2017)
glaucescens (Nyl.) A. Frisch Syns: Leptotrema
glaucescens, Myriotrema glaucescens, Thelotrema glaucescens (Frisch 2006)
occultum (Eschw.) A. Frisch Syn:
Myriotrema compunctum (Frisch 2006)
phaeosporum (Nyl.) Rivas Plata & Lücking (Seavey et al. 2014)
subcompunctum (Nyl.) A. Frisch
Syns: Leptotrema polycarpum (Frisch 2006), Myriotrema subcompunctum
willeyi (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.:
Phlyctis willeyi (Lendemer & Harris
2014d)
LEUCOGYROPHANA
Pouzar
*lichenicola Thorn, Malloch & Ginns (Thorn et al. 1998)
LIBERTIELLA Speg. & Roum.
*malmedyensis Speg. & Roum. (Alstrup & Ahti 2007)
LICHENOBARYA Etayo, Diederich & Lawrey (Lawrey et al. 2015)
*usneae (Etayo) Etayo, Diederich
& Lawrey (Lawrey et al. 2015)
LICHENOCHORA Hafellner
*aipoliae
Etayo, Nav.-Ros. & Coppins (Haldeman 2020)
*arctica Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2013)
*constrictella (Müll. Arg.)
Hafellner (Etayo & Navarro-Rosinés 2008)
*galligena R. Sant. & Hafellner (Diederich 2003)
*haematommatum R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2016c)
*lepidiotae (Anzi) Etayo &
Nav.-Ros. (Zhurbenko 2013)
*obscuroides (Lindsay) Triebel & Rambold (Hoffmann &
Hafellner 2000)
*rinodinae Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2013)
*verrucicola (Wedd.) Nik. Hoffm. & Hafellner (Hoffmann
& Hafellner 2000)
*weillii (Werner) Hafellner & R. Sant.
*xanthoriae Triebel & Rambold
*thallina (Cooke) Hafellner = L. obscuroides
LICHENOCONIUM Petrak & H. Sydow
*cargillianum (Lindsay) D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)
*christiansenii M. S. Cole & D.
Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2004)
*edgewoodensis Alstrup & M. S. Cole (Alstrup & Cole
1998)
*erodens M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw.
*follmannii Kondratyuk & Galloway (Kondratyuk &
Galloway 1995)
*laevisporum Kalb & Hafellner (Kalb et al. 1995)
*lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw.
*lichenicola (P. Karsten) Petrak
& H. Sydow (Etayo et al. 2007)
*pyxidatae (Oudem.) Petrak & H. Sydow
*usneae (Anzi) D. Hawksw.
*xanthoriae M. S. Christ.
LICHENODIPLIS Dyko & D. Hawksw.
*anomala Etayo & Pérez-Vargas
(Haldeman 2018)
*dendrographae Diederich & van den Boom (Diederich 2003)
*lecanorae (Vouaux) Dyko & D. Hawksw.
*lecanoricola (M. S. Cole & Hawksw.) Diederich Syn.:
Laeviomyces lecanoricola (Diederich 2003)
*lichenicola Dyko & D. Hawksw.
*rinodinicola Kocourk. & K.
Knudsen (Knudsen & Kocourková 2009b)
*pertusariicola
(Nyl.) Diederich Erroneously listed here (Diederich 2003)
LICHENOMPHALIA Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (Redhead et
al. 2002)
alpina (Britzelm.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syns.: Omphalina alpina, O. luteovitellina, Phytoconis luteovitellina,
Botrydina luteovitellina (Redhead et al. 2002)
hudsoniana (H. S. Jenn.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo &
Vilgalys Syns.: Omphalina hudsoniana, Botrydina viridis, Coriscium viride,
Phytoconis viridis (Redhead et al. 2002)
oreades (Singer) Voitk, Thorn &
I. Saar (Lücking et al. 2017b)
umbellifera (L. : Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo &
Vilgalys Syns.: Omphalina umbellifera, O. ericetorum, Phytoconis ericetorum,
Botrydina botryoides, B.vulgaris (Redhead et al. 2002)
velutina (Quél.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syns.: Omphalina velutina, Phytoconis velutina, Botrydina velutina (Redhead et
al. 2002)
LICHENOPELTELLA Höhn.
*arctomiae Pérez-Ortega & T. Sprib. (Pérez-Ortega & Spribille 2009b)
*biatorae Pérez-Ortega & T.
Sprib. (Pérez-Ortega
& Spribille 2009b)
*cladoniarum E. S. Hansen &
Alstrup (Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas 2017)
*heterodermiicola M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole &
Hawksworth 2002)
*leprosulae Pérez-Ortega & T.
Sprib. (Pérez-Ortega & Spribille 2009b)
*peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*santessonii (P. M. Kirk & Spooner) R. Sant. (Alstrup
& Cole 1998)
*stereocaulorum Zhurb. (Zhurbenko
2010)
*thamnoliae
R. Sant. Erroneously listed here; reported
only from South America (Diederich 2003)
LICHENOPUCCINIA D. Hawksw. & Hafellner
*poeltii D. Hawksw. & Haffelner (Diederich 2003)
LICHENOSTICTA Zopf
*alcicornaria (Lindsay) D. Hawksw.
LICHENOSTIGMA Hafellner
*alpinum (R. Sant.,
Alstrup & D. Hawksw.) Ertz & Diederich
Syn.: Phaeosporobolus alpinus (Ertz et al. 2014)
*amplum Calat. & Hafellner
(Kocourková & Knudsen 2008)
*anatolicum Halici & Kocakaya
(Lendemer et al. 2009b)
*bolacinae Nav.-Ros., Calat. & Hafellner
(Kocourková & Knudsen 2008)
*chlaroterae (F. Berger &
Brackel) Ertz & Diederich (Ertz et
al. 2014)
*cosmopolites Hafellner & Calat. (Hafellner &
Calatayud 1999)
*elongatum Nav.-Ros. & Hafellner (Navarro-Rosines &
Hafellner 1996)
*fellhanerae
(R. C. Harris & Lendemer) Ertz & Diederich Syn.: Phaeosporobolus fellhanerae (Ertz et
al. 2014)
*maureri Hafellner
(Esslinger & Egan 1995) Syns: Abrothallus usneae auct. non Rabenh.,
Phaeosporobolus usneae (Ertz et al. 2014)
*radicans Calat. & Barreno (Knudsen
& Kocourková 2008)
*saxicola K. Knudsen & Kocourk.
(Knudsen & Kocourková 2010d)
*semiimmersum Hafellner (Hafellner 1999)
*subradians Hafellner, Calat. & Nav.-Ros. (Calatayud et
al. 2002)
*dimelaenae Calat. &
Hafellner (Calatayud et al. 2004) = Lichenothelia
dimelaenae
*rugosum G. Thor = Lichenothelia
rugosa (Diederich et al. 2018)
LICHENOTHELIA D. Hawksw.
#arida Muggia, Kocourk.
& K. Knudsen (Muggia et al. 2015)
#calcarea Henssen
#convexa Henssen
*dimelaenae (Catal. & Hafellner)
Kocourk., K. Knudsen & Muggia Syn.:
Lichenostigma dimelaenae (Ametrano et al. 2019)
#intermixta Henssen
#metzleri (J. Lahm) D.
Hawksw. Syn.: Microthelia metzleri
#muriformis
Ametrano, K. Knudsen, Kocourk. & Muggia (Ametrano et al. 2019)
#papilliformis Ametrano,
K. Knudsen Kocourk. & Muggia (Ametrano et al. 2019)
#renobalesiana
D. Hawksw. & V. Atienza (Kocourková & Knudsen 2009d)
*rugosa (G.
Thor) Ertz & Diederich Syn. :
Lichenostigma rugosum (Diederich et al. 2018)
#scopularia (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. Syns.: Microthelia
aterrima, Rinodina aterrima
#tenuissima Henssen
#umbrophila Muggia, Kocourk. &
K. Knudsen (Muggia et al. 2015)
LICHENOTHRIX
Henssen = PYRENOTHRIX
riddlei Henssen = Pyrenothrix nigra
LICHINA C. Agardh
confinis (O. F. Müller) C. Agardh
willeyi (Tuck.) Henssen
LICHINELLA Nyl.
americana Henssen
cribellifera (Nyl.) P. P. Moreno & Egea Syns.: Gonohymenia cribellifera, Rechingeria
cribellifera
flexa Henssen, Büdel & T. H. Nash (Schultz 2005)
granulosa M. Schultz (Schultz 2005)
intermedia Henssen (Schultz 2005)
iodopulchra (Croz.) P. P. Moreno & Egea (Schultz 2005)
melamphylla (Tuck.) Essl. Syns.: Gonohymenia melamphylla,
Pannaria melamphylla
minnesotensis (Fink) Essl. Syns.: Forsellia minnesotensis,
Gonohymenia minnesotensis
myriospora (Zahlbr.) P. P. Moreno & Egea (Schultz 2005)
nigritella (Lettau) P. P. Moreno & Egea Syns.: Gonohymenia nigritella, Thyrea
nigritella
robustoides Henssen, Büdel & T.H. Nash (Schultz 2005)
sinaica (Marton & Galun) P. P. Moreno & Egea (Schultz 2005)
stipatula Nyl.
LICHINODIUM Nyl.
ahlneri Henssen (Spribille et al.
2010)
canadense Henssen
saxicola Henssen
#sirosiphoideum
Nyl.
LIGNOSCRIPTA B. D. Ryan
atroalba B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan 2004a)
LITHOGRAPHA Nyl.
tesserata (DC.) Nyl.
LITHOTHELIUM Müll. Arg.
hyalosporum (Nyl.) Aptroot Syns.: Arthopyrenia hyalospora,
Plagiocarpa hyalospora, Pleurotrema solivagum
illotum (Nyl.) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa illota, P. langloisii
macrosporum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa
macrospora
microsporum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
phaeosporum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa
phaeosporum
septemseptatum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa
septemseptata
LLIMONAEA Egea & Torrente
californica (Tuck.) Sparrius (Sparrius 2004b) = Schizopelte crustosa
(Ertz & Tehler 2011)
cerebriformis (Egea &
Torrente) Sparrius (Sparrius 2004b) = Sparria cerebriformis (Ertz & Tehler
2011)
LLIMONIELLA Hafellner & Nav.-Ros.
*acarosporicola (Kocourk. & K.
Knudsen) Diederich & Ertz Syn.:
Gelatinopsis acarosporicola (Diederich
et al. 2010)
*catapyrenii Zhurb., Kukwa &
Flakus (Zhurbenko 2013)
*cinnabarinae Pérez-Ortega, Etayo
& T. Sprib. (Pérez-Ortega et al. 2011)
*pertusariae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo
2000)
*phaeophysciae Diederich, Ertz &
Etayo (Diederich et al. 2010)
*pyrenulae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*neglecta (Vainio) Triebel & Rambold = Rhymbocarpus neglectus
LOBARIA (Schreber) Hoffm.
anomala (Brodo & Ahti) T.
Sprib. & McCune Syns.: Anomalobaria
anomala, Pseudocyphellaria anomala (McCune et al. 2014b)
anthraspis (Ach.) T. Sprib. &
McCune Syns.: Anomalobaria anthraspis,
Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis, Sticta anthraspis (McCune et al. 2014b)
hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Sticta hallii
kurokawae Yoshim.
linita (Ach.) Rabenh. Syns.: Sticta linita, Sticta pulmonaria
var. linita
oregana (Tuck.) Müll.
Arg. Syn.: Sticta oregana
pseudopulmonaria Gyelnik
pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Syns.: Sticta pulmonaria, Sticta
pulmonaria var. hypomela
retigera (Bory) Trevisan
scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. Syns.: Sticta scrobiculata, S.
verrucosa
silvae-veteris (Goward & Goffinet) Goward & Goffinet
Syn.: Nephroma silvae-veteris (Goffinet & Goward 1998)
amplissima (Scop.) Forssell
(Tønsberg & Goward 2001) = Ricasolia amplissima
erosa (Eschw.) Nyl. = Emmanuelia erosa (Simon
et al. 2020)
isidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Vainio Not in North
America.
laetevirens (Lightf.) Zahlbr. = Ricasolia virens (With.) H. H. Blom &
Tønsberg, but not known from North America
lobulifera B. J. Moore = Emmanuelia lobulifera
(Simon et al. 2020)
quercizans Michaux =
Ricasolia quercizans
ravenelii (Tuck.) Yoshim. = Emmanuelia ravenelii (Simon et al. 2020)
submarginalis Michaux (Tuckerman 1888) = Parmotrema submarginale
tenuis Vainio North
American reports are Emmanuelia lobulifera (Simon et al. 2020)
verrucosa (Hudson) Hoffm. = L.
scrobiculata
LOBOTHALLIA (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) Hafellner
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner Syns.: Aspicilia alphoplaca,
Lecanora alphoplaca, Lecanora thamnoplaca
melanaspis (Ach.) Hafellner Syns.: Aspicilia melanaspis,
Lecanora melanaspis
praeradiosa (Nyl.) Hafellner Syns.: Aspicilia praeradiosa,
Lecanora praeradiosa
radiosa (Hoffm.) Hafellner Syns.: Aspicilia radiosa, Lecanora
radiosa, L. circinata
LOPADIOPSIS Vainio = GYALECTIDIUM
floridana Zahlbr. = Asterothyrium rotuliforme
LOPADIUM Körber
augustini (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Lopadium augustinii
coralloideum (Nyl.) Lynge
disciforme (Flotow) Kullhem
dodgei Herre
pezizoideum (Ach.) Körber Syn.: Heterothecium pezizoideum
alpinum (Körber) R. Sant. = Schadonia alpina
domingense (Pers.) Fink = Letrouitia domingensis
fecundum Th. Fr. = Schadonia fecunda
fuscum Müll. Arg. = Calopadia fusca
fuscoluteum (Dickson) Mudd = Brigantiaea fuscolutea
gemellum (Anzi) Stizenb. = Schadonia alpina
leucoxanthum (Sprengel) Zahlbr. = Brigantiaea leucoxantha
puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Calopadia puiggarii
phyllocharis (Mont.) Fink = Tapellaria epiphylla
vulpinum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Letrouitia vulpina
LOPEZARIA Kalb &
Hafellner (Kalb 1990) = MEGALARIA Hafellner (Fryday & Lendemer 2010)
versicolor
(Fée) Kalb & Hafellner (Kalb 1990) = Megalaria versicolor
LOXOSPORA A. Massal.
assateaguensis Lendemer (Lendemer
2013c)
cismonica (Beltr.) Hafellner Syn.: Haematomma cismonicum
confusa Lendemer (Lendemer 2013c)
elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. Syns.: Haematomma elatinum, Lecanora
elatina
ochrophaea (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Haematomma ochrophaeum,
Lecanora elatina var. ochrophaea
pustulata
(Brodo & W. L. Culb.) R. C. Harris = Lepra pustulata
LOXOSPOROPSIS Henssen
corallifera Brodo, Henssen & Imshaug
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Z References Cited
MACENTINA Vězda
dictyospora
Orange (Will-Wolf 1998) = Psoroglaena dictyospora (Harada 2003)
MALCOLMIELLA Vězda
granifera
(Ach.) Kalb & Lücking (Lendemer & Knudsen 2007) = Malmidea granifera
MALMIDEA Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
cineracea Breuss & Lücking (Seavey et al. 2017)
flavopustulosa (M. Cáceres & Lücking) M. Cáceres & Kalb (Seavey
& Seavey 2014a)
floridensis (Nyl.) M. Cáceres, Aptroot & Lücking Syn.: Lecidea floridensis (Cáceres et al.
2017)
furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb & Lücking Syns.: Biatora furfurosa, Lecidea furfurosa
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
fuscella (Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
granifera (Ach.) Kalb, Rivas Platas & Lumbsch Syns.: Lecanora granifera, Malcolmiella
granifera (Lücking et al. 2011b)
gyalectoides (Vainio) Kalb & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
leptoloma (Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
piperis (Sprengel) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch (Lücking et al.
2011b)
rhodopis (Tuck.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch (Lücking et al. 2011b)
variabilis Kalb (Lücking et al. 2011b)
vinosa (Eschw.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch (Lücking et al. 2011b)
MARCHANDIOBASIDIUM Diederich & Schultheis (Diederich & Lawrey 2007)
= ERYTHRICIUM
*aurantiacum (Lasch) Diederich & Schultheis = Erythricium aurantiacum
(Hawksworth & Helcini 2015)
MARCHANDIOMYCES
Diederich & D. Hawksw.
*corallinus (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw. Syn.:
Illosporium corallinum
#lignicola Lawrey & Diederich (DePriest et al. 2005)
*buckii
Diederich & Lawrey (Diederich & Lawrey 2007) = Laetisaria buckii
(Diederich et al. 2018)
MARONEA A. Massal.
constans (Nyl.) Hepp (Harris 2006b, Lendemer et al. 2013)
polyphaea H. Magn.
carolinae H. Magn. = M. polyphaea (Harris 2006b)
porinoidea Zahlbr. = Ramonia valenzueliana
MASONHALEA Kärnefelt
inermis (Nyl.) Lumbsch, M. Nelsen
& A. Thell Syns.: Cetraria inermis,
Tuckermannopsis inermis (Nelsen et al. 2013)
richardsonii (Hooker) Kärnefelt Syn.: Cetraria richardsonii
MASSALONGIA Körber
carnosa (Dickson) Körber Syn.: Pannaria carnosa
microphylliza (Nyl. ex Hasse) Henssen Syns.: Placynthium
dubium, P. microphyllizum
MASSARINA Sacc.
staphyleae (Petr.) Aptroot = Pseudopyrenula staphyleae
MASTODIA Hooker f. & Harvey
tessellata (Hooker f. & Harvey)
Hooker f. & Harvey Syns.: Kohlmeyera
complicatula, Turgidosculum complicatulum (Kohlmeyer et al. 2004)
MAZOSIA A. Massal.
carnea (Eckfeldt) Aptroot & M.
Cáceres (Aptroot et al. 2014) Syns.: Enterographa carnea, Ocellularia carnea,
Thelotrema carneum
viridescens (Fée) Aptroot & M.
Cáceres (Seavey et al. 2017) Syns.: Platygrapha ocellata, Schismatomma
ocellatum
ocellata (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = M. viridescens (Tehler 1993, Aptroot et al.
2014)
MEDUSULINA Müll. Arg. = FISSURINA (Miranda-González et al.
2020)
nitida (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina nitida (Miranda-González et al. 2020)
texana Müll. Arg. =
Jocatoa agminalis (Miranda-González et al. 2020)
MEGALARIA Hafellner
albocincta (Degel.) Tønsberg (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996) Syns.: Catillaria albocincta, Catillochroma
albocinctum (Fryday & Lendemer 2010)
allenae Lendemer & McMullin
(McMullin & Lendemer 2016)
alligatorensis Lendemer (Lendemer et
al. 2016c)
beechingii Lendemer (Lendemer 2007b)
brodoana S. Ekman & Tønsberg (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996)
columbiana (G. Merr.) S. Ekman (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996)
Catillaria columbiana
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Hafellner
Syns.: Catillaria grossa, Catinaria grossa, C. leucoplaca auct., Heterothecium
grossum
jemtlandica (Th. Fr. & Almq.)
Fryday Syns.: Catillaria jemtlandica,
Lecidea sublimosa (Fryday 2004a)
laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Hafellner (Ekman & Tønsberg
1996) Syns.: Catillaria laureri,
Catinaria laureri
leptocheila (Tuck.) Fryday &
Lendemer Syns.: Catillaria leptocheila,
Catillochroma leptocheilum, Heterothecium leptocheilum (Fryday & Lendemer
2010)
pannosa (Zahlbr.) Fryday & Lendemer (Fryday & Lendemer 2010)
pulverea (Borrer) Hafellner & E. Schreiner Syn.: Catillaria pulverea
versicolor (Flotow) Fryday &
Lendemer Syns.: Catillochroma
versicolor, Heterothecium versicolor (Fryday & Lendemer 2010)
MEGALOSPORA Meyen
pachycheila (Tuck.) Sipman Syns.: Bombyliospora pachycheila,
Heterothecium pachycheilum
porphyritis (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Bombyliospora
porphyritis, Heterothecium porphyrites
tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman Syns.: Bombyliospora tuberculosa,
Heterothecium tuberculosum
sanguinaria (L.) A. Massal. = Mycoblastus sanguinaria
versicolor (Fée) Zahlbr. = Megalaria versicolor
MEGASPORA (Clauz. & Cl. Roux) Hafellner & V. Wirth
verrucosa (Ach.) Arcadia & A. Nordin (Arcadia & Nordin
2012) Syns.: Pachyospora verrucosa, P.
mutabilis, Lecanora verrucosa, L. verrucosa f. mutabilis, L. mutabilis (Ach.)
Nyl.non Sommerf., L. urceolaria, Pertusaria freyi
MELANARIA Erichsen = PERTUSARIA
macounii I. M. Lamb = Pertusaria macounii
MELANELIA Essl.
agnata (Nyl.) A. Thell Syn.: Cetraria agnata
culbersonii (Hale) A. Thell Syn.: Cetraria culbersonii
hepatizon (Ach.) A. Thell Syns.: Cetraria hepatizon, C.
polyschiza
stygia (L.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia stygia
albertana (Ahti) Essl. = Melanelixia
albertana
commixta
(Nyl.) A. Thell = Cetrariella commixta
disjuncta
(Erichsen) Essl. = Montanelia disjuncta
elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl. = Melanohalea elegantula
exasperata (De Not.) Essl. = Melanohalea exasperata
exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl. =
Melanohalea exasperatula
fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. =
Melanelixia fuliginosa, but apparently absent from North America
glabra (Schaerer) Essl. North American reports are Melanelixia
californica
glabratula (Lamy) Essl. =
Melanelixia glabratula
glabroides (Essl.) Essl. =
Melanelixia glabroides
granulosa (Lynge) Essl. =
Montanelia disjuncta
halei (Ahti) Essl. =
Melanohalea halei
incolorata (Parrique) Essl. = Melanohalea elegantula
infumata (Nyl.) Essl. =
Melanohalea infumata
multispora (A. Schneider)
Essl. = Melanohalea multispora
olivacea (L.) Essl. =
Melanohalea olivacea
olivaceoides (Krog) Essl. = Melanohalea olivaceoides
panniformis (Nyl.) Essl. =
Montanelia panniformis
septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl. = Melanohalea septentrionalis
sorediata
(Ach.) Goward & Ahti = Montanelia sorediata
sorediosa (Almb.) Essl. = Montanelia sorediata
subargentifera (Nyl.) Essl. = Melanelixia subargentifera
subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. = Melanelixia subaurifera
subelegantula (Essl.) Essl. = Melanohalea subelegantula
subolivacea (Nyl.) Essl.
= Melanohalea subolivacea
substygia (Räsänen) Essl. = Montanelia tominii, but North American reports are
M. saximontana or M. secwepemc
tominii (Oxner) Essl. = Montanelia tominii,
but North American reports are M. saximontana or M. secwepemc
trabeculata (Ahti) Essl. =
Melanohalea trabeculata
villosella (Essl.) Essl.
(Esslinger 2002c) = Melanelixia villosella
MELANELIXIA O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et
al. 2004a)
ahtii S. Leavitt, Essl., Divakar, A.
Crespo & Lumbsch (Leavitt et al. 2016)
albertana (Ahti) O. Blanco et al. Syns.: Melanelia albertana, Parmelia albertana
californica A. Crespo &
Divakar (Divakar et al. 2010)
glabratula (Lamy) Sandler &
Arup Syns.: Melanelia glabratula,
Parmelia glabratula
glabroides (Essl.) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia glabroides, Parmelia
glabroides
robertsoniorum S. Leavitt, Essl.,
Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch (Leavitt et
al. 2016)
subargentifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia subargentifera,
Parmelia subargentifera, P. conspurcata
subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.: Melanelia subaurifera, Parmelia subaurifera
villosella (Essl.) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia villosella,
Parmelia villosella
fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) O.
Blanco et al. North American reports are
misidentifications of M. glabratula ( Leavitt et al. 2012)
glabra (Schaerer) O. Blanco et al. North American reports are M. californica
MELANOGRAPHA Müll. Arg. (Ertz &
Diederich 2015)
*tribulodes (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. Syns.: Melaspilea tribulodes, Opegrapha
tribulodes (Ertz & Diederich 2015)
MELANOHALEA O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et
al. 2004a)
beringiana S. Leavitt, Essl.,
Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch (Leavitt et al. 2016)
clari S. Leavitt, Essl., Divakar, A.
Crespo & Lumbsch (Leavitt et al. 2016)
columbiana S. Leavitt, Essl.,
Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch (Leavitt et al. 2016)
elegantula (Zahlbr.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia elegantula, M. incolorata, Parmelia elegantula
exasperata (De Not.) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia exasperata,
Parmelia exasperata, P. aspera, P.
aspidota, Parmelia olivacea f. aspidota
exasperatula (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia exasperatula, Parmelia exasperatula
halei (Ahti) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia halei, Parmelia halei
infumata (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.: Melanelia infumata, Parmelia infumata
multispora (A. Schneider) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia multispora,
Parmelia multispora
olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.: Melanelia olivacea, Parmelia olivacea
olivaceoides (Krog) O. Blanco et al. Syns.: Melanelia olivaceoides, Parmelia olivaceoides
septentrionalis (Lynge) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia septentrionalis,
Parmelia septentrionalis
subelegantula (Essl.) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia subelegantula,
Parmelia subelegantula
subolivacea (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.: Melanelia subolivacea, Parmelia subolivacea
tahltan S. Leavitt, Essl., Divakar,
A. Crespo & Lumbsch (Leavitt et al. 2016)
trabeculata (Ahti) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia trabeculata,
Parmelia trabeculata
MELANOLECIA Hertel
transitoria (Arnold) Hertel ex Poelt
jurana (Schaerer) Hertel = Farnoldia jurana
micropsis (A. Massal.) Hertel = Farnoldia micropsis
MELANOMMA Nitschke ex Fuckel
+oxysporum (Zahlbr.) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Microthelia
oxyspora
MELANOPHLOEA P. James & Vězda
americana K. Knudsen & Lendemer (Knudsen et al. 2011b) = Trimmatothelopsis
americana (Knudsen & Lendemer 2016)
Syn.: Thelenella
americana (Knudsen & Kocouroková 2013)
MELANOTHECA
Körber = PYRENULA
achariana Fée = Pyrenula anomala
aggregata (Fée) Müll. Arg. = not in North
America
anomala (Ach.) A. Massal. = Pyrenula anomala
cinerata Zahlbr. = Pyrenula sexlocularis
concatervans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula sexlocularis
cruenta (Mont.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula cruenta
esenbeckiana Fée = Tomasellia esenbeckiana, but a misidentification for North
America
subincruenta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula cruenta
wrightii Müll. Arg. = misidentification for North American records
MELANOTOPELIA Lumbsch & Mangold
(Mangold et al. 2008)
toensbergii (Vězda &
Kantvilas) Lumbsch & Mangold Syn.:
Topeliopsis toensbergii (Mangold et al. 2008)
MELANOTREMA A. Frisch (Frisch 2006)
meiospermum (Nyl.) A. Frisch Syns.: Ocellularia meiosperma, Phaeotrema
meiospermum (Frisch 2006)
platystomum (Mont.) Frisch (Seavey
& Seavey 2014a)
MELASPILEA Nyl.
amota Nyl.
cinerascens (Willey) Fink
Syn.: Opegrapha cinerascens
constrictella (Stirton) A. L. Sm.
*cupularis Müll. Arg.
demissa (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
Syn.: Opegrapha demissa
*epigena Müll. Arg.
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
gemella (Eschw.) Nyl. (Esslinger
& Tucker 2009)
interjecta (Leighton) A. L. Sm.
(Villella et al. 2013)
maculosa (Fr.) Müll. Arg.
stellans Zahlbr.
urceolata (Fr.) Ertz & Diederich (Ertz & Diederich 2015)
arthonioides
(Fée) Nyl. = M. urceolata (Ertz & Diederich 2015)
deformis
(Schaerer) Nyl. = Hazslinszkya gibberulosa, but misidentifications for North
America (Perlmutter et al. 2015)
difformis (Rabenh.) Nyl. = Hazslinszkya gibberulosa (Ertz & Diederich 2015)
gibberulosa (Ach.) Zwackh (Brodo 1967) =
Hazslinszkya gibberulosa (Ertz & Diederich 2015)
lentiginosula
(Nyl.) A. L. Sm. = misidentification for North America (Perlmutter et al. 2015)
mesophlebia
(Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Opegrapha mesophlebia (Perlmutter et
al. 2015)
octomera
Müll. Arg. = Opegrapha astraea (Perlmutter et al. 2015)
+proximella (Nyl.) Nyl. =
Melaspileella proximella (Ertz & Diederich 2015)
*tribulodes
(Tuck.) Müll. Arg. = Melanographa tribulodes (Ertz & Diederich 2015)
MELASPILEELLA (P. Karsten) Vainio
(Ertz & Diederich 2015)
+proximella (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich Syn.: Melaspilea proximella
MENEGAZZIA A. Massal.
subsimilis (H. Magn.) R. Sant.
(Bjerke 2003)
terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. Syns.: Parmelia pertusa, P.
sipeana
pertusa (Schrank) Stein = M. terebrata
MERISMATIUM Zopf
*coccisporum (Norman) Vouaux
*decolorans (Rehm ex Arnold) Triebel
*heterophractum (Nyl.) Vouaux (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)
*nigritellum (Nyl.) Vouaux
(Zhurbenko & Dillman 2010)
*peregrinum (Flotow) Triebel (Harris & Lendemer 2005)
METAMELANEA Henssen
melambola (Tuck.) Henssen Syns.: Pyrenopsis melambola,
Synalissa melambola
umbonata Henssen (Fryday 2006)
METASPHAERIA
Sacc.
*tartarina
(Nyl.) Keissler (Talbot et al. 2000) = Sagediopsis campsteriana
MICAREA Fr.
adnata Coppins (McCune 2017)
alabastrites (Nyl.) Coppins (Tønsberg & Coppins 2000)
anterior (Nyl.) Hedl. (McCune et al.
2014b)
assimilata (Nyl.) Coppins Syn.: Lecidea assimilata
botryoides (Nyl.) Coppins (McCune 1996)
byssacea (Th. Fr.) Czarnota,
Guzow-Krzemińska & Coppins (Launis & Myllys 2014)
chlorosticta (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Bacidia chlorosticta,
Biatora chlorosticta
cinerea (Schaerer) Hedl.
contexta
Hedl. (Konoreva et al. 2021)
coppinsii Tønsberg (Fryday 2006)
czarnotae
Launis, van den Boom, Sérus. & Myllys (Spribille et al. 2020)
deminuta Coppins (Fryday &
Coppins 2007)
denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. Syns.: Lecidea aniptiza, Micarea
denigrata
elachista (Körber) Coppins & R. Sant.
endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) R. C. Harris Syn.: Bacidia
endocyanea
fallax
Launis & Myllys (Konoreva et al. 2021)
farinosa
Coppins & Aptroot (Spribille et al. 2020)
globulosella (Nyl.) Coppins
hedlundii Coppins
incrassata Hedl.
inopinula
(Nyl.) Coppins & T. Sprib. (Konoreva et al. 2021)
*inquinans (Tul.) Coppins (Fryday 2017)
laeta
Launis & Myllys (Konoreva et al. 2021)
leprosula (Th. Fr.) Coppins & A. Fletcher
lignaria (Ach.) Hedl. Syns.: Bacidia lignaria, Biatora
milliaria
lithinella (Nyl.) Hedl.
marginata Coppins & Muhr (Fryday
2006)
melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. Syns.: Bacidia melaena, Biatora melaena,
Bilimbia melaena
melaeniza
Hedl. (Spribille et al. 2020)
microareolata Launis, Pykälä & Myllys (Konoreva et al. 2021)
micrococca (Körber) Gams ex Coppins
(Fryday & Coppins 2007) Syn.: Biatora micrococca
misella (Nyl.) Hedl. Syn.: Lecidea misella
myriocarpa V. Wirth & Vězda
ex Coppins (Tønsberg 1999a)
neostipitata Coppins & P. May (Coppins & May 2001)
nigella Coppins (McCune 2017)
nitschkeana (J. Lahm ex Rabenh.) Harm.
paratropa (Nyl.) Alstrup (Alstrup et
al. 1994)
peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. Syns.: Bacidia
trisepta, Bilimbia trisepta
perparvula (Nyl.) Coppins & Printzen (Printzen 1995,
Coppins 2008)
prasina Fr. Syns.: Biatora prasina, Catillaria prasina,
Lecidea sordidescens
prasinella (Jatta) I. M. Lamb
(Spribille et al. 2010)
pseudomicrococca Launis & Myllys (Konoreva et al. 2021)
pusilla Launis, Malíček & Myllys (Konoreva et al. 2021)
pycnidiophora Coppins & P. James
rhabdogena (Norman) Hedl. Syns.: Biatora punctella, Lecidea
punctella (Printzen 1995)
soralifera Guzow-Krzem., Czarnota, Łubek & Kukwa (Lendemer 2017a)
subalpina Coppins & T. Sprib.
(Coppins & Spribille 2004)
subviridescens (Nyl.) Hedl. (McCune
2017)
synotheoides (Nyl.) Coppins (Tønsberg & Coppins 2000)
ternaria (Nyl.) Vězda Syn.: Lecidea suballinita
tomentosa
Czarnota & Coppins (Konoreva et al. 2021)
turfosa (A. Massal.) Du Rietz
vulpinaris (Nyl.) Muhr
xanthonica Coppins & Tønsberg (Coppins & Tønsberg
2001)
bauschiana
(Körber) V. Wirth & Vězda =
Brianaria bauschiana (Ekman & Svensson 2014)
clavopycnidiata Brodo & Tønsberg = Szczawinskia tsugae (Aptroot et al.
1997)
crassipes (Th. Fr.) Coppins = Helocarpon crassipes
erratica
(Körber) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschmann = Leimonis erratica
gelatinosa (Flörke) Brodo = Trapeliopsis gelatinosa
globularis "(Ach. ex Nyl.) Hedl."
= M. misella
lutulata
(Nyl.) Coppins = Brianaria lutulata (Ekman & Svensson 2014)
lynceola (Th. Fr.) Palice = misidentification for North America? (Coppins &
Fryday 2006b)
melanobola (Nyl.) Coppins = misidentifaction for North America (Coppins &
Fryday 2006b)
populina (Müll. Arg. ex Nyl.) R. A. Anderson & M. P. Carmer = Lecidea
populina
subviolascens
(H. Magn.) Coppins = Micarea paratropa (Alstrup et al. 1994)
sylvicola
(Flotow) Vězda & V. Wirth = Brianaria sylvicola (Ekman & Svensson
2014)
trisepta (Hellbom) Wetmore = M. peliocarpa
tuberculata
(Sommerf.) R.
A. Anderson = Brianaria tuberculata (Ekman & Svensson 2014)
violacea (Crouan ex Nyl.) Hedl. = M. peliocarpa
viridescens (Schrader) Brodo = Trapeliopsis viridescens
MICAREOPSIS R. C. Harris & Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2013)
irriguata R. C. Harris &
Lendemer
MICROCALICIUM Vainio
+ahlneri Tibell
*arenarium (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybopsis
arenaria
*conversum Tibell (Tibell &
Ryan 2004)
*disseminatum (Ach.) Vainio
Syns.: Mycocalicium disseminatum, Calicium disseminatum
*subpedicellatum (Schaerer) Tibell = M. disseminatum
MICROGLAENA Körber nom. illegit. = THELENELLA
corrosa (Körber) Arnold = Protothelenella corrosa
hassei Zahlbr. = Thelenella hassei
inductula (Nyl.) Servít = Thelenella inductula
muscorum (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Thelenella muscorum
sordidula Th. Fr. = Thelenella sordidula
sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Lönnr. = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides
subcorallina Hasse = Thelenella modesta
sychnogonoides Zahlbr. = Thelenella hassei
MICROLYCHNUS A. Funk
epicorticis
A. Funk = Gyalideopsis epicorticis
MICROPHIALE (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. = COENOGONIUM
diluta (Pers.) Zahlbr. (Fink 1935) = Coenogonium pineti
lutea (Dickson) Zahlbr. (Fink 1935) = Coenogonium luteum
MICROTHELIA Körber = ANISOMERIDUM
#aterrima (Kremp. ex Anzi) Zahlbr. = Lichenothelia scopularia
hymnothora (Ach.) Trevisan = Granulopyrenis hymnothora
#inops Degel. = Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops
#metzleri J. Lahm = Lichenothelia metzleri
#micula auct. non Flotow ex Körber = Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops
for most North American records
+oblongata Müll. Arg. = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii
+oxyspora Zahlbr. = Melanomma oxysporum
+thelena (Ach.) Trevisan = Mycomicrothelia thelena, but not found in
North America
verruculosa Anastasiou = identity uncertain
+wallrothii (Hepp) Rehm = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii
#willeyana Müll. Arg. North
American reports based on Bogoriella socialis (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
MILOSPIUM
D. Hawksw.
*graphideorum (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. (Spribille et al. 2020)
MINUTOEXCIPULA V. Atienza & D. Hawksw.
*mariana V. Atienza (Diederich 2003)
*miniatoexcipula R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2016c)
*tuckerae V. Atienza & D. Hawksw.
MIRIQUIDICA Hertel & Rambold (Hertel & Rambold 1987)
atrofulva (Sommerf.) A. J. Schwab & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
atrofulva
complanata (Körber) Hertel & Rambold (Spribille et al. 2020)
deusta (Stenh.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea deustata
garovaglioi (Schaerer) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea
garovaglioi, L. aenea
gyrizans
Fryday (Spribille et al. 2020)
#instrata
(Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea instrata
#intrudens
(H. Magn.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecanora intrudens
leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Hertel & Rambold Syns.:
Biatora leucophaea, Lecidea leucophaea, L. marylandensis
leucophaeoides (Nyl.) Hertel & Andreev Syn.: Lecidea leucophaeoides (Hertel &
Andreev 2003)
lulensis (Hellbom) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea
lulensis, L. circumnigrata var. reagens
#nigroleprosa (Vainio) Hertel & Rambold (Spribille et al. 2010)
plumbeoatra (Vainio) A. J. Schwab & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
plumbeoatra, L. furva, L. humilis
pulvinatula (Arnold) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
circumnigrata
pycnocarpa (Körber) Andreev
Syns.: Lecidea marciensis, L. pycnocarpa, Lecidella pycnocarpa (Coppins
& Fryday 2006b)
scotopholis (Tuck.) B. D. Ryan &
Timdal Syns.: Biatora scotopholis,
Lecanora scotopholis, Lecidea scotopholis, Psora scotopholis, Psorula
scotopholis (Nash et al. 2004a)
subplumbea (Anzi) Cl. Roux (McCune
2017, McMullin et al. 2017) Syn.: Biatora leucophaea var. griseoatra
#verrucariicola (B. D.
Ryan) K. Knudsen & Kocourk. Syns.:
Lecanora verrucariicola, Protoparmelia ryaniana (Knudsen et al. 2015)
griseoatra
(Flotow) Hertel & Rambold = M. subplumbea
mexicana Rambold, Sipman & Hertel (Knudsen & Owe-Larson 2005) =
M. scotopholis (Knudsen et al. 2008b, Lendemer & Knudsen 2008, Knudsen et
al. 2015)
MIXTOCONIDIUM Etayo
nashii (Hafellner) Etayo & van den Boom Syn.: Plectocarpon nashii (Diederich et al.
2018)
MOBERGIA H. Mayrhofer & Sheard
angelica (Stizenb.) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard Syns.: Rinodina
angelica, R. bolodes, R. dirinoides, Dimelaena angelica
calculiformis (W. A. Weber) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard Syns.:
Rinodina calculiformis, R. platyloba
MOELLEROPSIS Gyelnik
nebulosa (Hoffm.) Gyelnik subsp. nebulosa
(Jørgensen 2002)
nebulosa subsp. frullaniae
Maass (Jørgensen 2000a, Maass 1986) = Fuscopannaria nebulosa (Tripp &
Lendemer 2020)
MONEROLECHIA Trevisan
#badia (Fr.) Kalb
Syns.: Buellia badia, B. turgescens, B. turgescentoides (Diederich et al. 2018)
#californica (H. Magn.) Elix
Syn.: Dimelaena californica (Diederich et al. 2018)
MONOBLASTIA Riddle
borinquensis R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
buckii R. C. Harris
cypressi R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
palmicola Riddle (Seavey et al.
2017)
rappii Zahlbr.
MONOBLASTIOPSIS R. C. Harris & C.
A. Morse
konzana R. C. Harris & C. A.
Morse (Harris & Morse 2008)
nigrocortina R. C. Harris & C.
A. Morse (Harris & Morse 2008)
MONODICTYS S. Hughes
*cellulosa S. Hughes (Diederich 2003)
*epilepraria Kukwa & Diederich
(Seaward et al. 2017)
*fuliginosa Etayo (Zhurbenko 2009b)
MONTANELIA Divakar, A. Crespo, Wedin
& Essl. (Divakar et al. 2012)
disjuncta (Erichsen) Divakar, A.
Crespo, Wedin & Essl. Syns.:
Melanelia disjuncta, Parmelia disjuncta, P. granulosa, P. denalii
ocultipanniformis S. Leavitt, Essl.,
Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch (Leavitt et al. 2016)
panniformis (Nyl.) Divakar, A.
Crespo, Wedin & Essl. Syns.:
Melanelia panniformis, Parmelia olivacea f. panniformis, P. panniformis
saximontana (R. Anderson & W.
Weber) S. Leavitt, Essl., Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch (Leavitt et al.
2016) Syns.: Parmelia saximontana, P. substygia p.p.
secwepemc S. Leavitt, Essl.,
Divakar, A. Crespo & Lumbsch (Leavitt et al. 2016)
sorediata (Ach.) Divakar, A. Crespo,
Wedin & Essl. Syns.: Melanelia
sorediata, M. sorediosa, Parmelia olivacea var. sorediata, P. sorediata, P.
sorediosa
tominii (Oxner) Divakar, A. Crespo, Wedin & Essl. North American reports are M. saximontana or
M. secwepemc
MOSIGIA Fr. ex A. Massal. = RIMULARIA
gibbosa (Ach.) Fr. ex A. Massal. = Rimularia gibbosa
MUELLERELLA Hepp ex Müll. Arg.
*erratica (A. Massal.) Hafellner
& V. John (Knudsen & Kocourková 2009b)
*hospitans Stizenb. (Spribille et al. 2010)
*lecanactidis Diederich & van den Boom (Diederich 2003)
*lichenicola (Sommerf. ex Fr.) D. Hawksw.
*polyspora Hepp ex Müll. Arg.
(Seaward et al. 2017)
*pygmaea (Körber) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Tichothecium pygmaeum
*ventosicola (Mudd) D. Hawksw.
*pygmaea
var. athallina
(Müll. Arg.) Triebel = *M. erratica
*pygmaea
var. ventosicola
(Mudd) Triebel = *M. ventosicola
MULTICLAVULA R. H. Petersen
coronilla (G. W. Martin) R. H Petersen
corynoides (Peck) R. H. Petersen
mucida (Fr.) R. H. Petersen
sharpii R. H. Petersen
vernalis (Schwein.) R. H. Petersen
MYCOBILIMBIA Rehm
albohyalina (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr. Syns.: Biatora albohyalina, Lecidea
albohyalina (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
berengeriana (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth Syns.: Lecidea berengeriana, Lecidea cuprea
var. berengeriana
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) S. Ekman & Printzen (Ekman 2004c) Syns.: Bacidia carneoalbida, B. sphaeroides,
Biatora carneoalbida, Bilimbia sphaeroides auct.
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Vitik., Ahti, Kuusinen, Lommi & T.
Ulvinen (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
Syns: Biatora epixanthoides, Lecidea epixanthoides
fissuriseda (Poelt) Poelt & Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea
fissuriseda
pilularis (Körber) Hafellner & Türk Syns.: Bacidia sphaeroides, Biatora
sphaeroides, Bilimbia sphaeroides, Catillaria sphaeroides (Hafellner & Türk
2001)
ramea (S. Ekman) S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Bacidina ramea (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
tetramera (De Not.) Vitik., Ahti, Kuusinen, Lommi & T. Ulvinen ex Hafellner
& Türk (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
Syn.: Bacidia fusca
accedens (Arnold) V. Wirth ex Hafellner = Bilimbia accedens
austrocalifornica (Zahlbr.) Knudsen (Knudsen 2005b) = Carbonea latypizodes
fusca (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth = M. tetramera
hypnorum
(Lib.) Kalb & Hafellner = Bryobilimbia hypnorum
lobulata (Sommerf.) Hafellner =
Bilimbia lobulata
lurida
(Ach.) Hafellner & Türk (Hafellner & Türk 2001) = Romjularia lurida
microcarpa (Th. Fr.) W. Brunnbauer = Bilimbia microcarpa
obscurata (Sommerf.) Rehm = M. tetramera
sabuletorum (Schreber) Hafellner = Bilimbia sabuletorum
MYCOBLASTUS Norman
affinis (Schaerer) T. Schauer
alpinus (Fr.) Th. Fr. Ex Hellbom
caesius (Coppins & P. James) Tønsberg Syn.: Haematomma
caesium
glabrescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Kantvilas 2009)
sanguinarioides Kantvilas (Spribille
et al. 2011b)
sanguinarius (L.) Norman
Syns.: Megalospora sanguinaria, Heterothecium sanguinarium
fucatus (Stirton) Zahlbr. = Violella fucata (Spribille et al. 2011a)
marginatus Degel. = M. affinis (Spribille &
Tønsberg 2007)
melinus (Kremp. ex Nyl.) Hellbom = M. affinis
tornoënsis (Nyl.) R. A. Anderson = Japewia tornoënsis
MYCOCALICIUM Vainio
+albonigrum
(Nyl.) Fink Syn.: Calicium albonigrum
+americanun
(R. Sant.) Tibell
+calicioides
(Nádv.) Tibell
Syn.: Sphinctrinella calicioides
fuscipes (Tuck.) Fink Syn.: Calicium fuscipes
ravenelii (Tuck.) Fink
Syn.: Calicium ravenelii
reticulatum Nádv.
+sequoiae Bonar
+subtile (Pers.) Szatala Syns.: M. parietinum,
Calicium subtile
victoriae (C. Knight & F.
Wilson) Nádv. (Nash et al. 1998; Tibell 2007)
+compressulum Nyl. ex Szatala = Phaeocalicium compressulum
*disseminatum (Ach.) Fink = Microcalicium disseminatum
*microcephalum (Sm.) Fink = Sphinctrina anglica
+parietinum (Ach. ex Schaerer) D. Hawksw. = M. subtile
#pusiolum (Ach.) Räsänen = Chaenothecopsis pusiola
+rappii Nádv. = Chaenothecopsis rappii (Harris 1995a)
+savonicum Räsänen = Chaenothecopsis savonica
MYCOGLAENA Höhnel
+acuminans (Nyl.) Vainio
+alni (Dearness & House) Barr
+canadensis (Ellis & Everh.) Barr
+elegans (Berk. & Curtis) Höhnel
+meridionalis (Zahlbr.) Szatala
+myricae (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
+quercicola R. C. Harris
+subcoerulescens (Nyl.) Höhnel
MYCOMICROTHELIA Keissler
+dothideaspora (Cook & Harkn.) D. Hawksw.
+inaequalis (Fabre) D. Hawksw.
#subfallens (Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw.
+wallrothii (Hepp) D.
Hawksw. Syns.: Microthelia wallrothii, M. oblongata
+apposita (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. (Seavey et al. 2017) = Bogoriella
apposita (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
#captiosa
(Kremp.) D. Hawksw. = Bogoriella captiosa (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
+decipiens (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (Seavey et al. 2017) =
Bogoriella decipiens(Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
#hemisphaerica
(Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw. = Bogoriella hemisphaerica (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
thelena (Ach.) D. Hawksw. = Bogoriella thelena, but not found in North America
#willeyana
(Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw. North American
reports based on Bogoriella socialis (Aptroot & Lücking 2016)
MYCOPORELLUM
Müll. Arg.
californicum Zahlbr. = Mycoporum
californicum (Harris 1995a)
difforme (Minks) Fink = Mycoporum lacteum (Harris 1995a)
hassei Zahlbr. = Mycoporum lacteum (Harris 1995a)
sparsellum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Mycoporum sparsellum (Harris 1995a)
MYCOPORUM Flotow ex Nyl.
acervatum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
antecellens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia antecellens
(Harris 1995a)
biseptatum Lendemer & R. C.
Harris Syn.: Arthonia biseptata
(Lendemer & Harris 2014c, Lendemer & Harris 2015a)
buckii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
californicum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syns.:
Tomasellia californica, Mycoporellum californicum
compositum (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Dermatina "pyrenocarpa",
Arthothelium lichenale
eschweileri (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Tomasellia eschweileri
+hippocastani (DC) Coppins (Aptroot 2002c)
lacteum (Ach.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syns.: Mycoporellum
difforme, M. hassei, Tomasellia lactaea
mycoporoides (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Arthopyrenia mycoporoides
pycnocarpoides Müll. Arg.
sparsellum Nyl. (Harris 1995a) Syns.: Tomasellia sparsella,
Mycoporellum sparsellum
uniloculatum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
ohiense Nyl. ex Fink = M. compositum
pycnocarpum Nyl. = M. compositum
MYELOCHROA (Asahina) Elix & Hale
aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina aurulenta,
Parmelia aurulenta, P. silvestris
galbina (Ach.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina galbina,
Parmelia galbina, P. subquercifolia, P. sulphurosa, P. tiliacea var. sulphurosa
metarevoluta (Asahina) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina
metarevoluta, Parmelia metarevoluta
obsessa (Ach.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina obsessa, Parmelia obsessa,
P. finkii
MYOCHROIDEA Printzen, T. Sprib.
& Tønsberg (Printzen et al. 2008)
leprosula (Arnold) Printzen, T.
Sprib. & Tønsberg
minutula Printzen, T. Sprib. &
Tønsberg
porphyrospoda (Anzi) Printzen, T.
Sprib. & Tønsberg Syns.: Biatora porphyrospoda, Lecidea porphyrospoda
rufofusca (Anzi) Printzen, T. Sprib.
& Tønsberg Syn. : Biatora
rufofusca, Lecidea rufofusca
MYRIOLECIS Clem.
agardhiana (Ach.) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
agardhiana (Zhao et al. 2016)
albescens (Hoffm.) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syns.: Lecanora
albescens, L. galactina (Zhao et al. 2016)
andrewii (B. de Lesd.) Śliwa,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
andrewii (Zhao et al. 2016)
carlottiana (Lewis & Śliwa)
Śliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch Syn.:
Lecanora carlottiana (Zhao et al. 2016)
contractula (Nyl.) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
contractula (Zhao et al. 2016)
crenulata (Hooker) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
crenulata (Zhao et al. 2016)
dispersa (Pers.) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
dispersa (Zhao et al. 2016)
flowersiana (H. Magn.) Śliwa,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
flowersiana (Zhao et al. 2016)
fugiens (Nyl.) Śliwa, Zhao Xin
& Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora fugiens
(Zhao et al. 2016)
hagenii (Ach.) Śliwa, Zhao Xin
& Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora hagenii
(Zhao et al. 2016)
invadens (H. Magn.) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
invadens (Zhao et al. 2016)
juniperina (Śliwa) Śliwa,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
juniperina (Zhao et al. 2016)
percrenata (H. Magn.) Śliwa,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
percrenata (Zhao et al. 2016)
perpruinosa (Fröberg) Śliwa,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
perpruinosa (Zhao et al. 2016)
persimilis (Th. Fr.) Śliwa,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
persimilis (Zhao et al. 2016)
salina (H. Magn.) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora salina
(Zhao et al. 2016)
sambuci (Pers.) Clem. Syns.: Lecanora hagenii var. sambuci, L.
sambuci (Zhao et al. 2016)
schofieldii (Brodo) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
schofieldii (Zhao et al. 2016)
semipallida (H. Magn.) Śliwa,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch Syns.: Lecanora
flotoviana, L. semipallida (Zhao et al. 2016)
straminea (Ach.) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
straminea (Zhao et al. 2016)
torrida (Vainio) Śliwa, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora torrida
(Zhao et al. 2016)
wetmorei (Śliwa) Śliwa,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
wetmorei (Zhao et al. 2016)
zosterae (Ach.) Śliwa, Zhao Xin
& Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora zosterae
(Zhao et al. 2016)
MYRIONORA R. C. Harris
albidula (Willey) R. C. Harris
Syns.: Biatora albidula, Biatorella albidula
ementiens (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr.
Syns.: Biatora ementiens, Lecidea ementiens (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
flavopunctata (Tønsberg )S. Y. Kondr.
Syns.: Biatora flavopunctata, Lecanora flavopunctata (Kondratyuk et al.
2019)
globulosa (Flörke) S. Y. Kondr.
Syns.: Bacidia globulosa, Biatora globulosa, Lecania globulosa, Lecidea
globulosa, L. sylvana (Printzen 2004, Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
hemipolia (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr.
Syns.: Bacidia hemipolia, Biatora hemipolia (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
ligni-mollis (T. Sprib. & Printzen) S. Y. Kondr. Syn.: Biatora ligni-mollis (Kondratyuk et al.
2019)
vacciniicola (Tønsberg) S. Y. Kondr.
Syns.: Biatora vacciniicola, Lecidea vacciniicola (Kontratyuk et al.
2019)
MYRIOSPORA Nägeli ex Uloth (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012)
dilatata (M. Westb. & Wedin)
Arcadia (Spribille et al. 2020)
hassei (Herre) K. Knudsen &
Arcadia Syns.: Acarospora hassei, A. particularis, Silobia hassei (Arcadia
& Knudsen 2012)
myochroa (M. Westb.) K. Knudsen &
Arcadia (Spribille et al. 2020 ; McCune et al. 2020)
rhagadiza (Nyl.) K. Knudsen &
Arcadia Syns.: Acarospora amphibola auct., Silobia rhagadiza (Arcadia &
Knudsen 2012)
scabrida (Hedl. ex Magn.) K. Knudsen
& Arcadia Syns.: Acarospora scabrida, Silobia scabrida (Arcadia &
Knudsen 2012)
smaragdula (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Nägeli
ex Uloth Syns.: Acarospora amphibola, A. smaragdula, A. smaragdula var.
lesdainii, Silobia smaragdula (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012)
tangerina (M. Westb. & Wedin) K.
Knudsen & Arcadia (Spribille et al. 2020)
heppii (Nägeli ex Körber) Hue =
Caeruleum heppii
immersa (Fink ex J. Hedrick) R. C. Harris = Caeruleum immersum
MYRIOTREMA Fée
clandestinum (Fée) Hale
Syn.: Ocellularia terebratula (Lücking et al. 2016)
glauculum (Nyl.) Hale
microporum (Mont.) Hale Syns.:
Ocellularia micropora, Thelotrema microporum
rugiferum (Harm.) Hale
bahianum
(Ach.) Hale North American reports are
Ocellularia obturascens (Lücking et al. 2011)
compunctum
(Ach.) Hale = Leucodecton occultum
erodens R. C. Harris =
Ocellularia erodens (Lücking et al. 2016)
glaucescens
(Nyl.) Hale = Leucodecton glaucescens
glaucophaenum (Kremp.) Hale = Glaucotrema glaucophaenum
granulosum (Leighton) Hale Erroneously reported
for North America
halei (Tuck.) Hale = Fibrillithecis halei
laeviusculum
(Nyl.) Hale = Ocellularia laeviusculum (Lücking et al. 2016)
peninsulae
R. C. Harris = Nadvornikia peninsulae (Lücking et al. 2016)
pycnoporellum (Nyl.) Hale (Lücking et al. 2011b) = Pycnotrema pycnoporellum
(Lücking et al. 2016)
reclusum
(Kremp.) Hale = Leucodecton compunctellum (Lücking et al. 2016)
subcompunctum
(Nyl.) Hale = Leucodecton subcompunctum
terebratulum
(Nyl.) Hale = Myriotrema clandestinum (Lücking et al. 2016)
wightii
(Taylor) Hale = Sanguinotrema wightii
MYXOBILIMBIA
Hafellner = BILIMBIA (Veldkamp 2004)
accedens
(Arnold) Hafellner = Bilimbia accedens
sabuletorum
(Schreber) Hafellner = Bilimbia sabuletorum
MYXOPHORA Döbbeler & Poelt
+leptogiophila (Minks ex G. Winter) Nik. Hoffm. & Hafellner
(Hoffmann & Hafellner 2000)
MYXOTRICHUM Kunze
*bicolor
(Ehrenb. ex Pers.) Fr.
poluninii Apinis = M. bicolor
Return To Introduction or go to: A
B C D
E F G
H I J
K L M
N O P
R S T
U V W
X Z References
Cited
NADVORNIKIA Tibell
hawaiiensis (Tuck.) Tibell
peninsulae (R. C. Harris) I.
Medeiros, Lücking & Lumbsch Syn.: Myriotrema
peninsulae (Lücking et al. 2016)
sorediata R. C. Harris
NAETROCYMBE Körber
#atomarioides (Müll.
Arg.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
#atractospora (Zahlbr.)
R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
#cedrina (Zahlbr.) R. C.
Harris (Harris 1995a)
#fraxini (Massal.) R. C.
Harris (Harris 1995a)
herrei K. Knudsen & Lendemer
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2009b)
#megalospora (Lönnr.) R.
C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
#punctiformis (Pers.) R.
C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
#quassiicola (Fée) R. C.
Harris (Harris 1995a)
rhyponta
(Ach.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia
rhyponta (Aptroot 2002a)
saxicola (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris
(Lendemer et al. 2010)
#massalongiana (Hepp) R. C. Harris
A European species, listed here erroneously(Harris 1995a)
NAEVIA Fr.
(Thiyagaraja et al. 2020)
+dispersa (Schrader) Thiyagaraja., Lücking & K. D.
Hyde Syn.: Arthonia dispersa
(Thiyagaraja et al. 2020)
+pinastri (Anzi) Thiyagaraja., Lücking & K. D. Hyde Syn.: Arthonia pinastri (Thiyagaraja et al.
2020)
+punctiformis (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Arthonia punctiformis (Thiyagaraja et
al. 2020)
NANOSTICTIS M. S. Christ.
*christiansenii Etayo (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*pseudocyphellariae Sherwood
NECTRIA (Fr.) Fr.
+zonata Seaver
*lecanodes Ces. (Esslinger & Egan 1995) = Nectriopsis lecanodes
*parmeliae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) D. Hawksw. = Ovicuculispora parmeliae
*rubefaciens Ellis & Everh. = Trichonectria
rubefaciens
NECTRIELLA Nitschke ex Fuckel
*anisospora Lowen = Trichonectria anisospora
NECTRIOPSIS Maire
*cladoniicola M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole &
Hawksworth 2001)
*lecanodes (Ces.) Diederich & Schroers Syn. Nectria lecanodes (Sérusiaux et al.
1999)
*parmeliae
(Berk. & M. A. Curtis) M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth
2001) = Ovicuculispora parmeliae
*rubefaciens
(Ellis & Everh.) M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) =
Trichonectria rubefaciens
NEOBARYA Lowen
*peltigerae Lowen, Boqueras &
Gomez-Bolea (Zhurbenko 2009c)
NEOCATAPYRENIUM Harada
disparatum Breuss (Breuss 2005)
NEOCOLEROA Petrak
*inundata (Vainio) Diederich (Harris
& Lendemer 2009) Reported as uncertain
NEOECHINODISCUS Molinari & R. Sierra
*lesdainii Molinari & R. Sierra
Syn.: Echinodiscus lesdainii (Sierra & Molinari-Novoa 2020)
NEOFUSCELIA
Essl. =
XANTHOPARMELIA (Blanco et al. 2004b; but, see McCune et al 2014b)
ahtii
(Essl.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia ahtii
atticoides
(Essl.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia atticoides
brunella
(Essl.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia brunella
chiricahuensis
(R. A. Anderson & W. A. Weber) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia chiricahuensis
infrapallida
(Essl.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia infrapallida
loxodes
(Nyl.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia loxodes
occidentalis
(Essl.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia occidentalis
pulla (Ach.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia
pulla, but not present in North America
pustulosa
(Essl.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia pustulosa
subhosseana
(Essl.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia subhosseana
verruculifera
(Nyl.) Essl. = Xanthoparmelia verruculifera
NEOLAMYA Theissen & Sydow
*peltigerae (Mont.) Theissen & Sydow (Alstrup & Cole
1998)
*xanthoparmeliae Kocourk.
(Kocourková 2009)
NEONORRLINIA Sydow
*trypetheliza (Nyl.) Sydow (Weber & Wittman 2000) = Cercidospora
trypetheliza
NEOPROTOPARMELIA Garima Singh,
Lumbsch & I. Schmitt (Singh et al. 2018)
amerisidiata Garima Singh &
Aptroot (Singh et al. 2018) Syn.: N.A. report of Protoparmelia isidiata belongs
here
capitata (Lendemer) Garima Singh, Lumbsch & I. Schmitt (Singh et al.
2018)
NEPHROMA Ach.
arcticum (L.) Torss.
bellum (Sprengel) Tuck.
expallidum (Nyl.) Nyl.
helveticum Ach. subsp. helveticum Syn.: Nephromium helveticum
helveticum subsp. sipeanum (Gyelnik) Goward
& Ahti
isidiosum (Nyl.) Gyelnik
laevigatum Ach.
occultum Wetmore
parile (Ach.) Ach.
resupinatum (L.) Ach.
Syn.: Sticta drummondii
aspera Tuck. = N. helveticum subsp. helveticum
canadense Räsanen = N. helveticum subsp. sipeanum
filarszkyanum Gyelnik = N. bellum
helveticum Ach. var. sipeanum (Gyelnik) Wetmore = N. helveticum subsp. sipeanum
laevigatum auct. non Ach. = N. Bellum
laevigatum Ach. var. parile (Ach.) Mudd
(Tuckerman 1882) = Nephroma parile
lusitanicum Schaerer = N. laevigatum Ach. non auct.
massachusettsianum Gyelnik = N. helveticum subsp. helveticum
plittii Gyelnik = N. helveticum subsp. helveticum
rameum (Schaerer) A. Massal. (Fink 1935)
= N. resupinatum (L.) Ach. (Wetmore 1960)
silvae-veteris Goward & Goffinet = Lobaria silvae-veteris
sipeanum Gyelnik = N. helveticum subsp. sipeanum
szatalae Gyelnik = N. laevigatum
subtomentellum (Nyl.) Gyelnik = N. bellum
tomentosum (Hoffm.) Flotow (Tuckerman 1882) = Nephroma resupinatum
washingtoniense Gyelnik = N. laevigatum
NEPHROMIUM Nyl. = NEPHROMA
helveticum (Ach.) Nyl. = Nephroma helveticum
tropicum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (Gyelnik 1932) = Nephroma helveticum subsp.
helveticum
NEPHROMOPSIS Müll. Arg.
californica Gyelnik = Tuckermannopsis orbata (Tucker 2013)
ciliaris (Ach.) Hue = Tuckermannopsis ciliaris
platyphylla (Tuck.) Herre = Tuckermannopsis platyphylla
NESOLECHIA
A. Massal. (Diederich et al. 2018)
*doerfeltii
(Alstrup & P. Scholz) Diederich
Syn.: Phacopsis doerfeltii
*oxyspora (Tul.) A. Massal.
Syns.: Abrothallus oxyspora, Biatora oxyspora, Lecidea oxyspora,
Phacopsis oxyspora
*oxyspora var. fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich Syns.: Phacopsis fusca, P. oxyspora var.
fusca
*thallicola (A. Massal.) A. Massal.
Syn.: Phacopsis thallicola
cladoniscum (Willey) Fink = apothecia of
Pycnothelia papillaria
*oxysporella (Nyl.) Arnold (Fink 1935)
Identity uncertain (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
papillariae (Willey) Fink (Fink 1935) = apothecia of Pycnothelia papillaria
(Rambold & Triebel 1992)
*vitellinaria (Nyl.) Rehm (Fink 1935) = Carbonea vitellinaria (Scholz 2000)
NEUROPOGON Nees & Flotow
= USNEA
lambii Imshaug = Usnea lambii
sulphureus (J. König) Hellbom North American
reports are Usnea sphacelata
sphacelatus (R. Br.) Alstrup & E. S. Hansen = Usnea sphacelata
NIEBLA Rundel & Bowler
cedrosensis J. E. Marsh & T. H. Nash
Syns.: Vermilacinia cedrosensis,
V. reptiloderma (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
cephalota (Tuck.) Rundel & Bowler
Syns.: Desmazieria cephalota,
Ramalina, cephalota, Vermilacinia cephalota
(Bowler & Marsh 2004)
ceruchis Rundel & Bowler
Syns.: Desmazieria ceruchis,
Ramalina, ceruchis, Vermilacinia
cerebra, V. corrugata, V. ceruchis, V. howei, V. leoni, V. leopardina,
V. nylanderi, V. vesiculosa, V. zebrina
(Bowler & Marsh 2004)
ceruchoides Rundel & Bowler
Syns.: Desmazieria ceruchoides,
Vermilacinia ceruchoides, V. acicularis, V. pumila (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
combeoides (Nyl.) Rundel & Bowler
Syns.: Desmazieria combeoides, Ramalina combeoides, Vermilacinia
combeoides (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
homalea (Ach.) Rundel & Bowler
Syns.: Desmazieria homalea, D. testudinaria, Ramalina homalea, R.
testudinaria
isidiascens Bowler, J. E. Marsh, T. H. Nash & Riefner
laevigata Bowler & Rundel
Syns.: Vermilacinia johncassadyi,
V. laevigata, V. ligulata, V. paleoderma, V. rigida, V. rosei, V. varicosa
(Bowler & Marsh 2004)
polymorpha Bowler, J. E. Marsh, T. H. Nash, & Riefner Syn.:
Vermilacinia polymorpha (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
procera Rundel & Bowler
Syn.: Vermilacinia procera
(Bowler & Marsh 2004)
ramosissima Spjut (Spjut 1996, Knudsen & Wheeler 2015)
robusta (R. Howe) Rundel Syns.: Ramalina combeoides var. robusta, Vermilacinia robusta (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
tuberculata Riefner, Bowler, J. E. Marsh & T. H. Nash Syn: Vermilacinia tuberculata (Bowler &
Marsh 2004)
caespitosa Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
cornea Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
dactylifera Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
disrupta (Nyl.) Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
dissecta Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
eburnea Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
fimbriata Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
flaccescens (Nyl.) Rundel & Bowler = a South American species, not in North
America
flagelliforma Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
halei Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
infundibula Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
laminaria Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
palmeri Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
siphonoloba Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
sorediata Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
sorocarpia Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
testudinaria (Nyl.) Spjut (Spjut 1996) =
N. homalea
undulata Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
NIESSLIA Auersw.
*cladoniicola D. Hawksw. & W. Gams (Hansen & Alstrup
1995)
*keissleri Zhurb. (Zhurbenko &
Pino-Bodas 2017)
*lobariae Etayo & Diederich
(Zhurbenko & Dillman 2010)
*peltigerae Pérez-Ort. (Spribille et al.
2020)
*peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) Etayo
(Zhurbenko 2010) Syns.: Raciborskiomyces peltigericola, Wentiomyces peltigericola
(Gams et al. 2019)
NIGROPUNCTA D. Hawksw.
*rugulosa D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
NIGROVOTHELIUM Lücking, M. P. Nelsen
& Aptroot
tropicum (Ach.) Lücking, M. P.
Nelsen & Aptroot Syns.: Pyrenula
tropica, Trypethelium tropicum (Aptroot et al. 2016)
NODOBRYORIA Common & Brodo
abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) Common & Brodo Syns.: Bryoria
abbreviata, Alectoria abbreviata
oregana (Tuck.) Common & Brodo Syns.: Bryoria oregana,
Alectoria oregana
subdivergens (E. Dahl) Common & Brodo Syns.: Bryoria
subdivergens, Alectoria subdivergens
NORMANDINA Nyl.
acroglypta (Norman) Aptroot (McCune et al. 2018, Spribille et al. 2020)
pulchella (Borrer) Nyl.
Syn.:
Lauderlindsaya borreri (Muggia et al. 2010)
Return To Introduction
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E F G
H I J
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U V W
X Z References
Cited
OBRYZUM Wallr.
*corniculatum Wallr. (Diederich 2007b)
OCELLULARIA G. Meyer
americana Hale
auberianoides (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
cavata (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
concolor Meyen & Flotow (Harris 1995a)
erodens (R. C. Harris) Kraichak,
Lücking & Lumbsch Syn.: Myriotrema
erodens (Lücking et al. 2016)
fissa (Nyl.) Hale
laeviuscula (Nyl.) Kraichak, Lücking
& Lumbsch Syns.: Leptotrema
laeviusculum, Myriotrema laeviuscula (Lücking et al. 2016)
obturascens (Nyl.) Hale (Lücking et
al. 2011b) Syn.: Thelotrema bahianum var. obturascens
postposita (Nyl.) A. Frisch (Frisch
2006)
praestans (Müll. Arg.) Hale Syn.: Thelotrema praestans
retispora R. C. Harris
sanfordiana (Zahlbr.) Hale Syn.: Thelotrema sanfordianum Possible synonym of Ocellularia interposita
(Frisch 2006)
alborosella (Nyl.) R. Sant. = Chapsa alborosella
auberiana
(Mont.) Hale = Stegobolus auberianus
bahiana (Ach.) A. Frisch North American
reports are O. obturascens (Lücking et al. 2011)
carnea (Eckfeldt) Zahlbr. = Mazosia ocellata
domingensis (Fée) Müll. Arg. = misidentification for North America
emersa (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
(Harris 1995a) = Rhabdodiscus emersus
floridensis Fink = Thelotrema porinoides
glaucophaena (Kremp.) Zahlbr. = Glaucotrema glaucophaenum
granulosa
(Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Rhabdodiscus granulosus
interposita (Nyl.) Hale = misidentification for North America
lathraea (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema lathraeum
leiostoma
(Tuck.) R. C. Harris = Redingeria leiostoma (Tuck.) A. Frisch, but not in North
America (Frisch & Kalb 2006)
meiosperma (Nyl.) Hale = Melanotrema meiospermum
micropora (Mont.) Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema microporum
stictidea
(Nyl.) Vězda = Trinathotrema stictideum
subtilis (Tuck.) Riddle = Thelotrema subtile
terebratula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema clandestinum
OCHROLECHIA A. Massal.
africana Vainio
alaskana (Verseghy) Kukwa (Kukwa
2009b)
androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold
antillarum Brodo
arborea (Kreyer) Almb.
bahusiensis H. Magn. (McCune et al. 2020)
brodoi Kukwa (Brodo & McCune 2017)
bryophaga (Erichsen) K. Schmitz & Lumbsch Syn.: Pertusaria bryophaga
cooperi
T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2020)
farinacea Howard
frigida (Sw.) Lynge
gowardii Brodo
grimmiae Lynge
gyalectina (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
inaequatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
isidiata (Malme) Verseghy (Lendemer
& Harris 2014b)
juvenalis Brodo
laevigata (Räsänen) Verseghy
mahluensis Räsänen (Brodo &
Lendemer 2012; Knudsen 2012)
mexicana Vainio
microstictoides Räsänen (Brodo &
Lendemer 2012)
minuta
(Degel.) T. Sprib. Syns.: Coccotrema
minutum, Perforaria minuta (Spribille et al. 2020)
montana Brodo
oregonensis H. Magn.
pseudopallescens Brodo
rhodoleuca (Th. Fr.) Brodo
Syn.: Pertusaria rhodoleuca
splendens Lumbsch & Messuti
(Roemer et al. 2004)
subathallina H. Magn.
subisidiata Brodo
subpallescens Verseghy
subplicans (Nyl.) Brodo subsp. subplicans
Syn.: Pertusaria subplicans
subplicans subsp. hultenii (Erichsen) Brodo
Syn.: Pertusaria hultenii
szatalaënsis Verseghy
tartarea (L.) A. Massal. Syn.: Lecanora tartarea
[Pertusaria trachydactyla Vainio]
trochophora (Vainio) Oshio var. trochophora Syn.: Lecanora pallescens var. rosella
trochophora var. pruinirosella Brodo
turneri (Sm.) Hasselrot (Brodo & Lendemer 2012)
upsaliensis (L.) A. Massal.
xanthostoma (Sommerf.) K. Schmitz & Lumbsch Syn.: Pertusaria xanthostoma
yasudae Vainio
alboflavescens (Wulfen) Zahlbr. = a European taxon, not in North America
apiculata Verseghy Mistakenly reported
for North America
californica Verseghy = O. oregonensis
elisabethae-kolae Verseghy = O. frigida
frigida f. alaskana Verseghy = O. alaskana
geminipara (Th. Fr.) Vainio = Toensbergia
geminipara
gonatodes (Ach.) Räsänen = O. frigida
groenlandica
Verseghy = O. frigida (Kukwa 2009a)
pacifica H. Magn. = Coccotrema pocillarium
pallescens (L.) A. Massal. Not in North America
parella (L.) A. Massal. Not in North America
pennsylvanica Verseghy = O. yasudae
pseudotartarea (Vainio) Verseghy = O. szatalaënsis (Brodo 1992, Messuti &
Lumbsch 2000)
pterulina (Nyl.) Howard = O. frigida
rhamni-purshianae E. Senft Identity
uncertain
rosella (Müll. Arg.) Verseghy = O. trochophora
sorediosa Howard = O. szatalaënsis
subviridis (Høeg) Erichsen Not in North
America
tuckermanii Verseghy = O. yasudae
ODONTOTREMA
Nyl. (Baloch et al. 2013b)
*bryoriae
Diederich & Etayo (Diederich et al. 2002) = Sphaeropezia intermedia
*intermedium Diederich, Zhurb. &
Etayo (Diederich et al. 2002) = Sphaeropezia intermedia
*lecanorae
Diederich & G. Marson (Diederich et al. 2002) = Sphaeropezia lecanorae
*melaneliae
Diederich & Zhurb. (Diederich et al. 2002) =Sphaeropezia melaneliae
*ochrolechiae
Diederich, Holien & Zhurb. (Diederich et al. 2002) = Sphaeropezia
ochrolechiae
*santessonii Zhurb., Etayo & Diederich (Zhurbenko 2012) = Sphaeropezia
santessonii
*sipei
(Grummann) Diederich (Diederich et al. 2002) = Sphaeropezia sipei
*thamnoliae
Zhurb., Diederich & Etayo (Zhurbenko 2012) =
Sphaeropezia thamnoliae
OMPHALARIA Girard & Dunal ex Nyl. = THYREA
girardii Durieu & Mont. = Thyrea girardii
kansana Tuck. = Peccania kansana
pulvinata (Schaerer) Nyl. (Claassen 1912) North American reports are Thyrea
confusa
symphorea (Ach.) Tuck. = Synalissa ramulosa
texana (Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) =
Peccania texana
phyllisca (Wahl.) Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
pyrenoides Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Paulia pyrenoides
umbella Tuck. = Lempholemma umbella
OMPHALINA Quélet
alpina (Britzelm.) Bresinsky & Stangl = Lichenomphalia alpina
ericetorum (Pers. : Fr.) M. T. Lange = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
hudsoniana (H. S. Jenn.) H. E. Bigelow = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
luteovitellina (Pilát & Nannf.) M. T. Lange = Lichenomphalia alpina
*peltigerina (Peck) P. Collin = Arrhenia peltigerina
umbellifera (L. : Fr.) Quélet = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
velutina (Quélet) Quélet = Lichenomphalia velutina
OMPHALODISCUS Schol. = UMBILICARIA
crustulosus (Ach.) Schol. = Umbilicaria crustulosa
decussatus (Vill.) Schol. = Umbilicaria decussata
krascheninnikovii (Savicz) Schol. = Umbilicaria krascheninnikovii, but N.A.
reports are U. polaris
virginis (Schaerer) Schol. = Umbilicaria virginis
OMPHALODIUM Meyen & Flotow
arizonicum (Tuck.) Tuck. = Omphalora arizonica
OMPHALORA T. H. Nash & Hafellner
arizonica (Tuck.) T. H. Nash & Hafellner Syns.: Lecanora arizonica, Omphalodium
arizonicum, Parmelia arizonica
OPEGRAPHA Ach.
*agelaea
Fée (Ertz 2009)
anguinella (Nyl.) Ertz &
Diederich (Ertz et al. 2009) Syns.:
Enterographa anguinella, Schismatomma pallidellum auct.
*anomea Nyl. (Ertz et al. 2004)
astraea Tuck. Syn.:
Melaspilea octomera
aurantiaca B. de Lesd. (Harris 1995a)
bonplandii Fée
*buelliae Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2013)
candida Müll. Arg.
*diffracticola R. C. Harris &
Ladd (Harris & Ladd 2005, 2007)
dolomitica (Arnold) Clauzade &
Cl. Roux ex
Torrente & Egea (Lendemer et al. 2009b)
erosa Egea & Ertz (Ertz &
Egea 2007))
*foreaui
(Moreau)
Hafellner & R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
fumosa Coppins & P. James (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
*geographicola (Arnold) Hafellner
(Dillman et al. 2012)
gyrophorica F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2014)
halophila Brodo & Tónsberg (Brodo
& Tónsberg 2020)
*hellespontica Vondrák &
Kocourk. (Kocourková & Knudsen 2009d)
*inconspicua
Ertz, S. R. Clayden & K. E. Driscoll (Ertz et al. 2021a)
keyensis F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey et al. 2014)
*lamyi (O. J. Rich. ex Nyl.) Triebel Syn.: Leciographa lamyi
leucoplaca Müll. Arg.
levidensis Willey (Fink 1935,
Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
lithyrga Ach.
*melanospila Müll. Arg. (Diederich 2003)
mesophlebia Nyl. Syn.: Melaspilea
mesophlebia (Perlmutter et al. 2015)
microcyclia Tuck.
moroziana Lendemer (Lendemer 2009)
niveoatra (Borrer) J. R. Laundon
*parmeliiperda Ertz, K. E.
Driscoll & S. R. Clayden (Ertz et al. 2021a)
*phaeophysciae R. Sant., Diederich, Ertz
& Christnach (Hafellner 2009)
prosodea Ach.
protocetrarica F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2014)
protuberans Zahlbr.
*pulvinata Rehm Syn.: Opegraphoidea pulvinata
ravenelii (Tuck.) Tehler Syns.: Lecanactis ravenelii,
Platygrapha ravenelii, Schismatomma ravenelii
*rupestris Pers. Syn.: Leciographa parasitica
sorediifera P. James
*sphaerophoricola Isbrand & Alstrup
*stereocaulicola Alstrup & D.
Hawksw. (Zhurbenko 2010)
*thelotrematis Coppins (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
umbellulariae Zahlbr.
vulgata Ach.
xerica Torrente & Egea (Ertz
& Egea 2007)
atra
Pers. = Arthonia atra (Ertz et al. 2009)
betulina Sm. = O. herbarum
bicolor R. C. Harris & Lendemer (Harris & Lendemer 2005) = Alyxoria
bicolor (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
brattiae Egea & Ertz (Ertz & Egea 2007) = Lecanographa brattiae (Ertz
& Tehler 2011)
calcarea
Turner ex Sm. & Sowerby = Arthonia
calcarea (Ertz et al. 2009)
cinerea Chevall. = O. vulgata
corticola Coppins & P. James (Tønsberg 2002) = Thelopsis
corticola (Ertz et al. 2021b)
cypressi R. C. Harris =
Vigneronia cypressi (Ertz et al. 2015b)
demissa Tuck = Melaspilea demissa
diaphora (Ach.) Ach. = Alyxoria varia
diaphoroides Nyl. = Paralecanographa grumulosa
filicina
Mont. = Fouragea filicina (Frisch et al. 2014)
*glaucomaria
(Nyl.) Källsten ex Hafellner = *Phacographa glaucomaria
gyrocarpa
Flotow = Gyrographa gyrocarpa (Ertz et al. 2015b)
hassei Zahlbr. = Lecanographa hypothallina
herbarum Mont. = Alyxoria culmigena (Spribille et al. 2020)
herpetica (Ach.) Ach. = O. rufescens
herpetica var. subocellata Ach. (Fink 1935) = O. rufescens (Santesson et al. 2004)
hypothallina (Zahlbr.) Tehler = Lecanographa hypothallina
lichenoides Pers. = Alyxoria varia
longissima Müll. Arg. =
Dimidiographa longissima (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
mesophlaebia Nyl. (Fink 1935)
Orthographic variant of O. mesophlebia Nyl. = Melaspilea mesophlebia
mougeotii A. Massal. (Harris & Ladd 2005) = Alyxoria mougeotii
myriocarpa Tuck. non Fée (Tuckerman 1888)
= O. microcyclia
ochrocheila Nyl.= Alyxoria
ochrocheila (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
oulocheila Tuck. = Dermiscellum oulocheila
*physciaria
(Nyl.) D. Hawksw. & Coppins (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) = Phacothecium
varium (Hafellner 2009)
prosiliens Stirton = O. protuberans
pulicaris auct. = Alyxoria varia
*quaternella
Nyl. = O. anomea (Ertz et al. 2004)
rimalis Pers. ex Ach. = Alyxoria varia
rufescens
Pers. = Pseudoschismatomma rufescens (Ertz et al. 2015b)
*saxicola Ach. = O. rupestris
scaphella var. gemella (Eschw.) Eckfeldt (Fink 1935) = Melaspilea gemella
*trassii S. Y. Kondr. & Coppins (Coppins & Kondratyuk 1998) = O.
foreaui
*tribulodes Tuck. (Mohr 1901) = Melanographa tribulodes
varia
Pers. = Alyxoria varia (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
viridis
(Pers. ex Ach.) Behlen & Desberger = Zwackhia viridis (Ertz & Tehler
2011)
*wetmorei
M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) = O. anomea (Ertz et
al. 2004)
zonata Körber (Sparrius 2004b) =
Enterographa zonata (Ertz et al. 2009)
OPEGRAPHOIDEA Fink
*staurothelicola Fink (fide D. Ertz)
*pulvinata (Rehm) Fink = Opegrapha pulvinata
*quaternella (Nyl.) Fink = Opegrapha anomea
OPHIOPARMA Norman
lapponica (Räsänen) Hafellner & R. W. Rogers
rubricosa (Müll. Arg.) S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia rubricosa, B.
herrei, Haematomma californicum
ventosa (L.) Norman (May 1997) Syn.: Lecanora ventosa
herrei (Zahlbr.) Kalb & Staiger (Staiger & Kalb 1995) = O. rubricosa
(Ekman 1996)
ORCULARIA (Malme) Kalb & Giralt
(Kalb & Giralt 2011)
insperata (Nyl.) Kalb &
Giralt Syn.: Amandinea insperata (Kalb
& Giralt 2011)
placodiomorpha (Vainio) Kalb &
Giralt Syns.: Amandinea placodiomorpha,
Buellia placodiomorpha (Kalb & Giralt 2011)
ORPHNIOSPORA Körber
moriopsis (A. Massal.) D.
Hawksw. Syns.: Buellia atrata, B. moriopsis, B. coracina
atrata (Sm.) Poelt = O. moriopsis
OVICUCULISPORA Etayo (Etayo 2010)
*parmeliae (Berk. & M. A.
Curtis) Etayo (Etayo 2010) Syns.:
Nectria parmeliae, Nectriopsis parmeliae
OXNERIA S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt (Kondratyuk & Kärnefelt 2003a, 2003b)
= XANTHOMENDOZA (Lindblom 2006)
weberi S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt = Xanthomendoza weberi (Lindblom 2006)
OXNERIARIA S. Y. Kondr. & Lőkös
mashiginensis (Zahlbr.) S. Y. Kondr. & Lőkös (Spribille et al.
2020)
permutata (Zahlbr.) S. Y. Kondr. & Lőkös (Spribille et al.
2020)
virginea (Hue) S. Y. Kondr. & Lőkös (Fryday et al. 2021)
Return To Introduction or go to: A
B C D
E F G
H I J
K L M
N O P
R S T
U V W
X Z References
Cited
PACHNOLEPIA A. Massal. (Frisch et
al. 2014)
pruinata (Pers.) Frisch & G.
Thor Syn.: Arthonia pruinata
PACHYOSPORA A. Massal.
mutabilis (Ach.) A. Massal. = Megaspora verrucosa
verrucosa (Ach.) A. Massal. = Megaspora verrucosa
PACHYPELTIS Søchting, Arup &
Frödén (Arup et al. 2013)
cladodes (Tuck.) Søchting, Frödén
& Arup Syns.: Caloplaca cladodes,
Placodium cladodes
#invadens (Lynge) Søchting, Frödén & Arup Syn.: Caloplaca invadens
PACHYPHIALE
Lönnr. = GYALECTA (Baloch et al. 2013a)
carneola
(Ach.) Arnold = Gyalecta carneola
fagicola
(Arnold) Zwackh = Gyalecta fagicola
gyalizella
(Nyl.) S. Ekman = Gyalecta gyalizella
PACHYPHYSIS R. C. Harris & Ladd
(Harris & Ladd 2005, 2007)
ozarkana R. C. Harris & Ladd
(Harris & Ladd 2005, 2007)
PALICELLA Rodr. Flakus &
Printzen (Rodriguez Flakus &
Printzen 2014)
filamentosa (Stirton) Rodr. Flakus
& Printzen Syns.: Lecanora
filamentosa, L. varia var. symmicta
schizochromatica (Pérez-Ortega, T. Sprib. & Printzen) Rodr. Flakus & Printzen Syn.: Lecanora schizochromatica
PANNARIA Delise
conoplea (Ach.) Bory
elatior Stirton (Jørgensen 2000c)
hookeri (Borrer ex Sm.) Nyl.
lurida (Mont.) Nyl. subsp. lurida Syn.: Physma luridum
lurida subsp. quercicola P. M. Jørg.
(Jørgensen 2000c)
lurida subsp. russellii (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg.
(Jørgensen 2000c)
rubiginella P. M. Jørg. & Sipman (Jørgensen 2005)
rubiginosa (Thunb.) Delise
subfusca P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
tavaresii P. M. Jørg.
ahlneri P. M. Jørg. = Fuscopannaria ahlneri
bolanderi Tuck. (Tuckerman 1872) = Peltula bolanderi
brunnea (Sw.) A. Massal. (Tuckerman 1882) = Protopannaria pezizoides
byssina (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Leptogium byssinum
carnosa (Dickson) Rabenh.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Massalongia carnosa
crossophylla Tuck. =
Rockefellera crossophylla
cyanolepra Tuck. = Fuscopannaria cyanolepra
flabellosa Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Placynthium flabellosum
granatina (Sommerf.) Th. Fr. = Euopsis granatina
halei Tuck. = Biatora halei
hypnorum (Vahl) Körber = Psoroma hypnorum
isidiata Degel. = Tingiopsidium isidiatum (Hafellner & Spribille 2016)
laceratula Hue = Steineropsis laceratula
(Spribille et al. 2020)
lanuginosa (Ach.) Körber (Tuckerman 1882) = Lepraria membranacea
lepidiota (Sommerf.) Th. Fr. = Fuscopannaria praetermissa
lepidiota var. corallophora Tuck. (“coralliphora”) (Tuckerman 1882) =
Fuscopannaria praetermissa
lepidiota var. cyanolepra
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Fuscopannaria cyanolepras
leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. Jørg. = Vahliella leucophaea
leucosticta Tuck. = Fuscopannaria leucosticta
leucostictoides Ohlsson = Fuscopannaria leucostictoides
malmei C. W. Dodge (Jørgensen 2000c) = misidentification of P. rubiginella
mariana
(Fr.) Müll. Arg. = Lepidocollema marianum (Jørgensen 2000c, Ekman et al. 2014)
maritima P. M. Jørg. = Fuscopannaria maritima
mediterranea Tav. = Fuscopannaria mediterranea
melamphylla Tuck. = Lichinella melamphylla
microphylla (Sw.) Delise = Vahliella leucophaea
microphylla var. californica Tuck. = Vahliella californica
molybdaea (Pers.) Tuck. var. cronia Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Coccocarpia
palmicola
molybdaea var. incisa (Pers.)
Tuck. (“incisa Nyl.”) (Tuckerman 1882) = Fuscopannaria
incisa
nigra (Hudson) Nyl. = Placynthium nigrum
nigra var. caesia (Schaer.) Malbr. (“var. caesia Nyl.”) (Tuckerman 1882)
Identity uncertain
nigrocincta (Mont.) Nyl.
(Mohr 1901) = Parmeliella nigrocincta, but a probable misidentification for
North America
pannosa Nyl. = Parmeliella pannosa
petersii (Nyl.) Tuck. = Placynthium petersii
pezizoides (Weber) Trevisan = Protopannaria pezizoides
pityrea auct. = P. conoplea
plumbea (Lightf.) Bory (Tuckerman 1882) =
Pectenia plumbea
praetermissa Nyl. = Fuscopannaria praetermissa
pulveracea P. M. Jørg. & Henssen = Fuscopannaria pulveracea
rubiginosa (Sw.) Delise var. conoplea
(Ach.) Körber (Tuckerman 1882) = Pannaria conoplea
rubiginosa var. lanuginosa (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. = P. lanuginosa, a misidentification
for N.A.
saubinetii (Mont.) Nyl. = Vahliella saubinetii
sonomensis Tuck. = Tingiopsidium sonomense (Hafellner & Spribille 2016)
stellata (Tuck.) Nyl. = Coccocarpia stellata
stenophylla Tuck. = Placynthium stenophyllum
stylophora Vainio = Lepidocollema stylophorum
(Ekman et al. 2014)
triptophylla (Ach.) A. Massal. = Parmeliella triptophylla
waghornei Eckfeldt = identity uncertain, possibly Santessoniella arctophila
PARABAGLIETTOA Gueidan & Cl. Roux
disjuncta (Arnold) Krzewicka (McCune
et al. 2014b)
PARALECANOGRAPHA Ertz & Tehler
*grumulosa (Dufour) Ertz & Tehler
Syns.: Lecanactis grumulosa, Lecanographa grumulosa, Opegrapha
diaphoroides but questionable for North America
PARALLOPSORA Kistenich, Timdal &
Bendiksby (Kistenich et al. 2018)
labriformis (Timdal) Kistenich, Timdal & Bendiksby Syn. :
Phyllopsora labriformis (Kistenich et al. 2018)
PARANECTRIA Sacc.
*alstrupii Zhurb. (Zhurbenko &
Dillman 2010)
*oropensis (Ces.) D. Hawks. & Piroz.
subsp. parviseptata M. S. Cole & D. Hawks. (Cole
& Hawksworth 2001) = P. oropensis (Diederich 2003)
PARAPARMELIA Elix & J. Johnston
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Elix & J. Johnston = Canoparmelia
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Elix (Elix 2001)
PARASCHISMATOMMA Ertz & Tehler
(Ertz & Tehler 2012)
ochroleucum (Zahlbr.) K. Knudsen,
Ertz & Tehler Syns.: Chiodecton
ochroleucum, Platygrapha plurilocularis, Schismatomma pluriloculare (Ertz &
Tehler 2011)
PARATHELIUM Nyl. = PYRENULA
cuyabense Malme = Pyrenula cuyabensis
emergens Nyl. ex Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula erumpens
martinicanum Vainio = Pyrenula adacta
microcarpum Riddle = Pyrenula microtheca
subferrugineum Malme = Pyrenula circumfiniens
PARMELIA Ach.
barrenoae Divakar, M. C. Molina
& A. Crespo (Hodkinson et al. 2010)
fertilis Müll. Arg.
fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl.
hygrophila Goward & Ahti
imbricaria Goward, Divakaar, M. C.
Molina & A. Crespo (Molina et al. 2016)
mayi Divakar, A. Crespo, M. C.
Molina (Molina et al. 2011)
neodiscordans Hale
omphalodes (L.) Ach.
pinnatifida Kurok. (Crespo et al. 2004)
pseudosulcata Gyelnik
saxatilis (L.) Ach.
skultii Hale
squarrosa Hale
sulcata Taylor
sulymae Goward, Divakar, M. C.
Molina & A. Crespo (Molina et al. 2016)
acanthifolia Pers. = Parmotrema cetratum
abstrusa Vainio = Relicina abstrusa
ahtii Essl. = Xanthoparmelia ahtii
aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Physcia aipolia
ajoensis T. H. Nash = Xanthoparmelia ajoensis
alabamensis Hale & McCull. = Canoparmelia alabamensis
albertana Ahti = Melanelixia albertana
aleurites (Ach.) Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Imshaugia aleurites
aleuritica Nyl. = Arctoparmelia centrifuga
almquistii Vainio = Allantoparmelia almquistii
alpicola Th. Fr. = Allantoparmelia alpicola
amazonica Nyl. = Parmelinella amazonica
ambigua Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Parmeliopsis ambigua
ambigua var. albescens
(Wahlenb.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Parmeliopsis aleurites
ambigua var. halei Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Parmeliopsis ambigua
andreana Müll. Arg. = Flavopunctelia flaventior
antillensis Nyl. = Parmotremopsis antillensis
appalachensis W. L. Culb. = Punctelia appalachensis
arizonica (Tuck.) Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Omphalora arizonica
arnoldii Du Rietz = Parmotrema arnoldii
arseneana Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia novomexicana
aspera A. Massal. = Melanohalea exasperata
aspidota (Ach.) Poetsch = Melanohalea exasperata
atrocapilla Tayl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Phaeophyscia hispidula
atrofusca (Schaerer) Crombie = Brodoa atrofusca
atticoides Essl. = Xanthoparmelia atticoides
aurulenta Tuck. = Myelochroa aurulenta
austerodes Nyl. = Hypogymnia austerodes
austrosinensis Zahlbr. = Parmotrema austrosinense
baltimorensis Gyelnik & Fóriss = Flavoparmelia baltimorensis
birulae Elenkin var. grumosa Llano = Arctoparmelia separata
bitteri Lynge = Hypogymnia bitteri
bolliana Müll. Arg. = Punctelia bolliana
borreri (Sm.) Turner = Punctelia borreri
borreri var. hypomela Kremp. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
borreri var. rudecta (Ach.)
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Punctelia rudecta
brunella Essl. = Xanthoparmelia brunella
californica Gyeln. = Flavopunctelia flaventior
(Tucker 2014)
camtschadalis (Ach.) Eschw. (Tuckerman 1882) = Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis
caperata (L.) Ach. = Flavoparmelia caperata
caperata var. incorrupta (J. P. Moore) E. C. Berry = Flavopunctelia praesignis
caroliniana Nyl. = Canoparmelia caroliniana
catawbiensis (Degel.) Hale & M. Wirth = Hypotrachyna catawbiensis
centrifuga (L.) Ach. = Arctoparmelia centrifuga
cetrarioides (Delise ex Duby) Nyl. = Cetrelia cetrarioides
cetrata Ach. = Parmotrema cetratum
cetrata var. hypotropoides Nyl. ex Willey = Parmotrema hypotropum
chiricahuensis R. A. Anderson & W. A. Weber = Xanthoparmelia chiricahuensis
chlorochroa Tuck. = Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa
chrysantha Tuck. = Parmotrema xanthinum (Lendemer 2016a)
cirrhata Fr. = Everniastrum
cirrhatum, a misidentification for North America.
cladonia (Tuck.) Du Rietz = Pseudevernia cladonia
claudelii (Harm.) Vainio = Parmotrema stuppeum
colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb. (Fink 1935) = Anzia colpodes
commensurata Hale = Parmotrema commensuratum
concreta Stizenb. Identity uncertain,
see note under Flavoparmelia
confoederata W. L. Culb. = Bulbothrix confoederata
congensis Stein = Xanthoparmelia congensis, but not found in North America
north of Mexico.
congruens auct. = Pseudoparmelia uleana
conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Ach. = Xanthoparmelia conspersa
conspersa var. subconspersa (Nyl.) Gyelnik = Flavoparmelia rutidota
conspurcata (Schaerer) Vainio = Melanelixia subargentifera
coralloidea (Meyen & Flotow) Vainio (Fink 1935) = Leptogium coralloideum,
but N. Am. reports were apparently an unknown species of Parmotrema (Esslinger
& Tucker 2009)
coronata Fée = Bulbothrix coronata
cribellata Taylor (Tuckerman 1882) = Hypogymnia lophyrea
crinita Ach. = Parmotrema crinitum
cristifera Taylor = Parmotrema cristiferum
cristulata Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Anzia colpodes
croceopustulata Kurok. = Hypotrachyna croceopustulata
crozalsiana B. de Lesd. ex Harm. = Crespoa crozalsiana
cryptochlorophaea Hale = Canoparmelia cryptochlorophaea
cubensis Nyl. = Pseudoparmelia cubensis
cumberlandia (Gyelnik) Hale = Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia
cylisphora (Ach.) Vainio = Flavoparmelia caperata
darrowi J. W. Thomson = Flavopunctelia darrowi
delavayi Hue = Hypogymnia delavayi (Hue) Rass., but a misidentification for
North America
denalii Krog = Montanelia disjuncta
densirhizinata Kurok. = Hypotrachyna densirhizinata
dentella Hale & Kurok. = Hypotrachyna dentella
dierythra Hale = Xanthoparmelia dierythra
diffractaica Essl. = Parmotrema diffractaicum
digitata Lynge = Hypotrachyna physcioides (Nyl.) Hale, but a misidentification
for North America (?)
dilatata Vainio = Parmotrema dilatatum
disjuncta Erichsen = Montanelia disjuncta
dissecta Nyl. = Hypotrachyna minarum
dissensa T. H. Nash = Xanthoparmelia dissensa
dominicana Vainio = Parmotrema dominicanum
dubia (Wulfen) Schaerer = Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog, but a
misidentification for North America
duplicata var. douglasicola Gyelnik = Hypogymnia physodes
elegantula (Zahlbr.) Szatala = Melanohalea elegantula
elongata J. Hillmann = Hypogymnia duplicata (Spribille et al. 2010)
encausta (Sm.) Nyl. = Brodoa intestiniformis, but this species is not found in
North America
encausta var. alpicola (Th. Fr.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Allantoparmelia
alpicola
endococcina Körber (Tuckerman 1882) = Phaeophyscia endococcina
endosulphurea (Hillm.) Hale =
Parmotrema endosulphureum
endoxantha G. Merr. = Pseudoparmelia uleana
ensifolia Kurok. = Hypotrachyna ensifolia
enteromorpha Ach. = Hypogymnia enteromorpha
epiclada Hale = Parmotrema submarginale
erecta E. C. Berry = Parmotrema perforatum
eurysaca Hue = Parmotrema eurysacum
exasperata De Not. = Melanohalea exasperata
exasperatula Nyl. = Melanohalea exasperatula
eximbricata (Gyelnik) Hale & Kurok. = Relicina eximbricata
finkii Zahlbr. = Myelochroa obsessa
flaventior Stirton = Flavopunctelia flaventior
flavicans (Tuck.) Tuck. = Flavoparmelia caperata
formosana Zahlbr. = Hypotrachyna osseoalba
frankliniana Taylor = Vulpicida pinastri
(Randlane et al. 2013)
frondifera G. Merr. = Punctelia bolliana
fuliginosa (Wibel) Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Melanelixia fuliginosa, but North American reports
are misidentifications ( Leavitt et al. 2012)
furfuracea (L.) Ach. = Pseudevernia intensa and P. consocians for North
American records
galbina Ach. = Myelochroa galbina
glaberrima Kremp. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
glabra (Schaerer) Nyl. North American
records are Melanelixia californica
glabratula (Lamy) Nyl. = Melanelixia glabratula
glabroides Essl. = Melanelixia glabroides
goebelii Zenker North American reports
are Bulbothrix scortella (Benatti & Elix 2012)
gondylophora Hale = Hypotrachyna gondylophora
graminicola B. de Lesd. = Punctelia graminicola
granulosa Lynge = Montanelia disjuncta
hababiana Gyelnik = Parmotrema hababianum
haitiensis Hale = Parmotrema haitiense
halei Ahti = Melanohalea halei
halseyana Tuck. (Fink 1935) = Arctoparmelia centrifuga (Hale & DePriest
1999, Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
herreana Zahlbr. = Flavoparmelia caperata
herrei Zahlbr. = Parmotrema herrei
horrescens Taylor = Hypotrachyma horrescens
huachucensis T. H. Nash = Xanthoparmelia huachucensis
hubrichtii E. C. Berry = Hypotrachyna minarum
hyperopta Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Parmeliopsis hyperopta
hypoleucina J. Steiner = Parmotrema hypoleucinum
hypoleucites Nyl. = Punctelia hypoleucites
hypomelaena Hale = Xanthoparmelia hypomelaena
hypopsila Müll. Arg. = Xanthoparmelia hypopsila, but North American records are
X. angustiphylla
hypotropa Nyl. = Parmotrema hypotropum
hypotropa var. sorediata Müll. Arg. (Fink 1935) =
Parmotrema hypotropum (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
hypotropoides Nyl. ex Willey = Parmotrema perforatum
hypotrypodes (Nyl.) Willey (Fink 1935)
Apparent orthographic error for P. hypotropoides (Esslinger & Tucker
2009)
imbricatula Zahlbr. = Hypotrachyna imbricatula
incorrupta J. P. Moore = Flavopunctelia praesignis
incurva (Pers.) Fr. = Arctoparmelia incurva
infrapallida Essl. = Xanthoparmelia infrapallida
infumata Nyl. = Melanohalea infumata
internexa Nyl. = Parmotrema internexum
intestiniformis (Vill.) Ach. = Brodoa
intestiniformis, but North American reports are B. oroarctica
ioanis-simae Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia taractica, but western North American
records are probably Xanthoparmelia coloradoensis
isidiata (Anzi) Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia conspersa
isidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Hale = misidentification for North America
isidiotyla Nyl. = Xanthoparmelia loxodes
joranadia T. H. Nash = Xanthoparmelia joranadia
kernstockii (Lynge) Zahlbr. = Flavopunctelia flaventior
kerguelensis A. Wilson = chemotype of Parmelia saxatilis
kerguelensis auct. N. Am. = Parmelia pseudosulcata
kurokawae Hale = Xanthoparmelia lavicola
laciniatula (Flagey) Zahlbr. (Eyerdam 1960) = misidentification for North
America
laevigata (Sm.) Ach. = Hypotrachyna laevigata
laevigata var. sinuosa (Sm.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Hypotrachyna sinuosa
laevigatula Nyl. = Bulbothrix laevigatula
lanata (L.) Wallr. = Pseudephebe pubescens
latissima Fée = Parmotrema latissimum, but reports are a misidentification for
North America
leana Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Phaeophyscia leana
lecanorica Hale = Xanthoparmelia lecanorica, but reports are a
misidentification for North America
leucochlora Tuck. = Pseudoparmelia cubensis
lineola E. C. Berry = Xanthoparmelia lineola
livida Taylor = Hypotrachyna livida
lobulifera Degel. = Hypotrachyna imbricatula
lobulifera var. insensitiva Degel. = Hypotrachyna ensifolia
lobulifera var. luteoreagens Degel. = Hypotrachyna imbricatula
lobulifera var. sanguineoreagens Degel. = Hypotrachyna prolongata
lophyrea Ach. (Fink 1935) = Hypogymnia lophyrea
louisianae Hale = Parmotrema louisianae
loxodes Nyl. = Xanthoparmelia loxodes
madagascariacea (Hue) Abbayes = Parmotrema xanthinum (Lendemer 2016a)
mandshurica Asahina = Flavopunctelia soredica
margaritata Hue = Parmotrema margaritatum
martinicana Nyl. = Canoparmelia martinicana
maxima Hue = Parmotrema stuppeum
mellissii C. W. Dodge = Parmotrema mellissii
mesogens Nyl. (Fink 1935) Apparent
typographic error for P. mesogenes Nyl = Parmotrema mesogenes, a
misidentification for North America (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
metarevoluta Asahina = Myelochroa metarevoluta
mexicana Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia mexicana
michauxiana Zahlbr. = Parmotrema submarginale
molliuscula Ach. = misidentification for North America
monticola J. P. Dey = Xanthoparmelia monticola
mordenii Hale = Parmotrema mordenii
mougeotii Schaerer = Xanthoparmelia mougeotii
multispora A. Schneider = Melanohalea multispora
negativa Gyelnik = Flavoparmelia caperata
neoconspersa Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia neoconspersa
nigropsoromifera T. H. Nash = Xanthoparmelia nigropsoromifera
njalensis C. W. Dodge = Bulbothrix scortella
novomexicana Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia novomexicana
obscura (Ehrh.) Fr. var. adglutinata (Flörke) Schaerer
(Tuckerman 1882) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata
obsessa Ach. = Myelochroa obsessa
occidentalis Essl. = Xanthoparmelia occidentalis
olivacea (L.) Ach. = Melanohalea olivacea
olivacea f. aspidota (Ach.) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) = Melanohalea exasperata
olivacea f. panniformis Nyl.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Montanelia panniformis
olivacea var. prolixa (Ach.)
Zahlbr. (Tuckerman 1882) = Xanthoparmelia pulla, a misidentification for N.A.
olivacea var. sorediata (Ach.)
Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Montanelia sorediata
olivaceoides Krog =
Melanohalea olivaceoides
olivaria (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Cetrelia olivetorum
olivetorum Nyl. = Cetrelia olivetorum
omphalodes subsp. glacialis Skult = P. skultii
omphalodes subsp. pinnatifida (Kurok.) Skult = P. pinnatifida
oncodes Tuck. (Fink 1935) Name not
located in any available source (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
oostingii J. P. Dey = Hypotrachyna oostingii
oregana Gyelnik = Hypogymnia physodes
panniformis (Nyl.) Vainio = Montanelia panniformis
perfoliata (Jacq.) Ach. (Mohr 1901) = misspelling of P. perforata
perforata (Jacq.) Ach. = Parmotrema perforatum
perforata var. hypotropa (Nyl.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Parmotrema hypotropum
perlata (Hudson) Ach. = Parmotrema perlatum
perlata var. flavicans Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Flavoparmelia caperata
perlata var. latissima Mont.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Parmotrema latissimum, a misidentification for N.A.
permaculata Hale = Parmotrema
eurysacum
perreticulata (Räsänen) Hale = Punctelia perreticulata
pertusa (Schrank) Schaerer = Menegazzia terebrata
phaea Tuck. (Fink 1935) = Physcia phaea
physodes (L.) Ach. = Hypogymnia physodes
physodes var. enteromorpha (Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Hypogymnia
enteromorpha
physodes var. obscurata Ach.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Hypogymnia physodes
physodes var. vittata Ach.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Hypogymnia vittata
piedmontensis Hale = Xanthoparmelia piedmontensis
plittii Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia plittii
praesignis Nyl. = Flavopunctelia praesignis
praesorediosa Nyl. = Parmotrema praesorediosum
preperforata W. L. Culb. = Parmotrema hypoleucinum
proboscidea Tayl. (Fink 1935) = Parmotrema crinitum (Hale & DePriest 1999)
producta (Hale) J. P. Dey = Hypotrachyna producta
prolixa (Ach.) Carroll = Neofuscelia
pulla, but a misidentification for North America.
prolongata Kurok. = Hypotrachyna prolongata
pseudoborreri Asahina = Punctelia borreri
psoromifera Kurok. = Xanthoparmelia psoromifera
pubescens (L.) Vainio = Pseudephebe pubescens
pulla Ach. = Xanthoparmelia pulla (Ach.) Crespo et al., but a misidentification
for North America
pulvinata Fée = Hypotrachyna pulvinata
pustulifera Hale = Hypotrachyna pustulifera
pustulosa Essl. = Xanthoparmelia pustulosa
quercina (Willd.) Vainio North American
reports are Parmelina coleae
rachista Hale = Hypotrachyna prolongata
rampoddensis Nyl. = Parmotrema rampoddense
recipienda Nyl. = Parmotrema subcaperatum (Kremp.) Hale., but a
misidentification for North America
reddenda Stirton = Punctelia reddenda
relicina Fr. = Relicina relicinula (Müll. Arg.) Hale, but a misidentification
for North America
reparata Stirton = Parmotrema cetratum
reticulata Taylor = Parmotrema reticulatum
revoluta Flörke = Hypotrachyna revoluta
rigida Lynge = Parmotrema subrigidum (N. Am. records only)
robusta Degel. = Parmotrema robustum, but North American records are Parmotrema
gardneri
rockii Zahlbr. = Hypotrachyna rockii
rudecta Ach. = Punctelia rudecta
rutidota Hooker f. & Taylor = Flavoparmelia rutidota
salacinifera Hale = Parmelinella salacinifera
santae-crucis Vainio = Parmotrema praesorediosum
saxatilis (L.) Ach. var. omphalodes (Tuckerman 1882) = Parmelia omphalodes
saxatilis var. panniformis
(Ach.) Schaerer, Syn. N.A. Lichens I: 59 = Parmelia saxatilis
saxatilis var. sulcata Nyl., Syn. N.A. Lichens I: 59 = Parmelia sulcata
saximontana R. A. Anderson & W. A. Weber = Montanelia saximontana
scortea (Ach.) Ach. (Fink 1935) = Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale, but an
apparent misidentification for North America
scortella Nyl. = Bulbothrix scortella
semansiana W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. = Punctelia graminicola
separata Th. Fr. = Arctoparmelia separata
septentrionalis (Lynge) Ahti = Melanohalea septentrionalis
sibirica Zahlbr. = Allantoparmelia sibirica
silvestris Degel. = Myelochroa aurulenta
simulans Hale = Parmotrema simulans
sinuosa (Sm.) Ach. = Hypotrachyna sinuosa
sipeana Gyelnik = Menegazzia terebrata
sorediata (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Montanelia sorediata
soredica Nyl. = Flavopunctelia soredica
sorediosa Almb. = Montanelia sorediata
sorocheila Vainio = Hypotrachyna sorocheila, but North American records
apparently refer to E. catawbiense
sphaerospora Nyl. (North American records) = Pseudoparmelia uleana
sphaerosporella Müll. Arg. = Ahtiana sphaerosporella
spumosa Asahina = Parmelinopsis spumosa
stenophylla (Ach.) Du Rietz = Xanthoparmelia stenophylla
stictica (Duby) Nyl. = Punctelia stictica
stuppea Taylor = Parmotrema stuppeum
stygia (L.) Ach. = Melanelia stygia
subargentifera Nyl. = Melanelixia subargentifera
subarnoldii Abbayes = Parmotrema subarnoldii, but a misidentification for North
America north of Mexico
subaurifera Nyl. = Melanelixia subaurifera
subcapitata Nyl. ex Hasse = Flavoparmelia subcapitata
subcentrifuga Oxner = Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga
subcrinita auct. = Parmotrema ultralucens
subcrinita Nyl. = Parmotrema subtinctorium
subdecipiens Vainio = Xanthoparmelia subdecipiens
subelegantula Essl. = Melanohalea subelegantula
subhosseana Essl. = Xanthoparmelia subhosseana
subinvoluta Hale = Parmotrema rampoddense
subisidiosa (Müll. Arg.) C. W. Dodge = Parmotrema subisidiosum
sublaevigata (Nyl.) Nyl. = Hypotrachyna sublaevigata, but a misidentification
for North America (Hale 1979)
submarginalis (Michaux) Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Parmotrema submarginale (Hale &
DePriest 1999)
subobscura Vainio = Hypogymnia subobscura
subolivacea Nyl. = Melanohalea subolivacea
subpraesignis Nyl. = Punctelia subpraesignis
subquercifolia Hue = Myelochroa galbina
subramigera Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia subramigera
subrudecta Nyl. = Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog, but a misidentification for
North America (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2010)
subrugata Kremp. = misidentification for North America
substygia Räsänen North American reports
are Montanelia saximontana or M. secwepemc
subsumpta Nyl. = Parmotrema subsumptum
subtinctoria Zahlbr. = Parmotrema subtinctorium
sulphurata Nees & Flotow = Parmotrema sulphuratum
sulphurosa (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Myelochroa galbina (Hale & DePriest
1999)
swinscowii Hale = Parmelinopsis swinscowii
taractica Kremp. = Xanthoparmelia taractica, but see note there
tasmanica Hooker f. & Taylor = Xanthoparmelia tasmanica
texana Tuck. = Canoparmelia texana
thysanota Kurok. = Hypotrachyna thysanota
tiliacea Flörke var. relicina (Fr.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Relicina relicinula,
a misidentification for N.A.
tiliacea var. sublaevigata
Nyl. ex Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Hypotrachyna sublaevigata, a misidentification
for N.A.
tiliacea var. sulphurosa
Tuck. (Tuckerman 18882) = Myelochroa galbina
tinctina Maheu & A. Gillet = Xanthoparmelia tinctina, but not found in
North America
tinctorum Delise ex Nyl. = Parmotrema tinctorum
trabeculata Ahti = Melanohalea trabeculata
trichotera Hue = Parmotrema perlatum
tuberculata Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia novomexicana
tubulosa (Schaerer) Bitter = Hypogymnia tubulosa
tucsonensis T. H. Nash = Xanthoparmelia tucsonensis
uleana Müll. Arg. = Pseudoparmelia uleana
ulophyllodes (Vainio) Savicz = Flavopunctelia soredica
ultralucens Krog = Parmotrema ultralucens
verruculifera Nyl. = Xanthoparmelia verruculifera
virginica Hale = Hypotrachyna virginica
vittata (Ach.) Röhl. = Hypogymnia vittata
weberi Hale = Xanthoparmelia weberi
wyomingica (Gyelnik) Hale = Xanthoparmelia wyomingica
xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vainio = Parmotrema xanthinum
xanthomela Nyl. (Fink 1935) Typographic
error for P. xanthomyela = Hypotrachyna endochlora (Leighton) Hale, a
misidentification for North America
zollingeri Hepp = Parmotrema zollingeri
PARMELIELLA Müll. Arg.
appalachensis P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
corallinoides (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.
pannosa (Sw.) Nyl.
Syn.: Pannaria pannosa
parvula P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
ruderatula (Nyl.) Hasse
triptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
Syn.: Pannaria triptophylla
arctophila (Th. Fr.) Malme = Santessoniella arctophila (Henssen 1997)
cheiroloba Müll. Arg. = Fuscopannaria cheiroloba
crossophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr. & Burnham = Rockefellera crossophylla
cyanolepra (Tuck.) Herre =
Fuscopannaria cyanolepra
mariana (Fr.) P. M. Jørg. & D. J. Galloway = Lepidocollema marianum (Ekman
et al. 2014)
lepidiota
(Sommerf.) Vainio = Fuscopannaria praetermissa
microphylla "(Sw.)" Müll. Arg. = Vahliella leucophaea
plumbea (Lightf.) Vainio = Pectenia plumbea (Ekman et al. 2014)
praetermissa (Nyl.) P. James = Fuscopannaria praetermissa
saubinetii (Mont.) Zahlbr. = Vahliella saubinetii
stellata (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Coccocarpia stellata
stylophora
(Vainio) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c) = Lepidocollema stylophorum (Ekman et
al. 2014)
PARMELINA Hale
coleae Argüello & A. Crespo
(Argüello et al. 2007a, 2007b)
yalungana (Zahlbr.) P. R. Nelson
& Kepler (Nelson et al. 2013)
antillensis (Nyl.) Hale = Parmotremopsis antillensis
aurulenta (Tuck.) Hale = Myelochroa aurulenta
dissecta (Nyl.) Hale = Hypotrachyna minarum
galbina (Ach.) Hale = Myelochroa galbina
horrescens (Taylor) Hale = Hypotrachyna horrescens
metarevoluta (Asahina) Hale = Myelochroa metarevoluta
minarum (Vainio) Skorepa = Hypotrachyna minarum
obsessa (Ach.) Hale = Myelochroa obsessa
quercina
(Willd.) Hale North American reports
are P. coleae
spumosa (Asahina) Hale = Hypotrachyna spumosa
swinscowii (Hale) Hale = Hypotrachyna swinscowii
tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale North American reports are
misidentifications
PARMELINELLA Elix & Hale (Rodrigues et al. 2021)
amazonica (Nyl.) A. S. Rodrigues, A. P.
Lorenz & Canêz Syns. :
Canoparmelia amazonica, Parmelia amazonica, Pseudoparmelia amazonica (Rodrigues
et al. 2021)
salacinifera (Hale) Marcelli & Benatti Syns. : Canoparmelia salacinifera, Parmelia
salacinifera (Rodrigues et al. 2021)
PARMELINOPSIS Elix & Hale =
HYPOTRACHYNA (Divakar et al. 2013)
cryptochlora
(Vainio) Elix & Hale = Hypotrachyna cryptochlora
horrescens
(Taylor) Elix & Hale = Hypotrachyna horrescens
minarum
(Vainio) Elix & Hale = Hypotrachyna minarum
spumosa
(Asahina) Elix & Hale = Hypotrachyna spumosa
swinscowii
(Hale) Elix & Hale = Hypotrachyna swinscowii
PARMELIOPSIS Nyl.
ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. Syns.: Foraminella ambigua, Parmelia
ambigua, P. ambigua var. halei
capitata R. C. Harris ex J. W. Hinds & P. L. Hinds (Hinds
& Hinds 1998)
esorediata (Degel.) Nordnes
(McCarthy et al. 2012)
hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold Syns.: Foraminella hyperopta, Parmelia
hyperopta
subambigua Gyelnik Syn.: Foraminella subambigua
aleurites (Ach.) Nyl. = Imshaugia aleurites
diffusa (Weber) Riddle = P. hyperopta
halei (Tuck.) Hale = P. subambigua
placorodia (Ach.) Nyl. = Imshaugia placorodia
PARMENTARIA Fée
= PYRENULA
astroidea Fée = Pyrenula astroidea
nana (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anthracothecium australiense
rappii Zahlbr. = Pyrenula leucostoma Ach.
ravenelii (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula ravenelii
PARMOTREMA A. Massal.
arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale
Syn.: Parmelia arnoldii
austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale
Syn.: Parmelia austrosinensis
cetratum (Ach.) Hale Syns.:
Parmelia cetrata, P. herrei, Rimelia cetrata (Blanco et al. 2005)
commensuratum (Hale) Hale Syns.:
Parmelia commensuratum, Rimelia commensuratum
conferendum Hale Syns.:
Canomaculina conferenda, Rimeliella conferenda
crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy
Syns.: Parmelia crinita, Parmelia proboscidea
cristiferum (Taylor) Hale
Syn.: Parmelia cristifera
despectum Kurok. (Kurokawa 2001)
diffractaicum (Essl.) Hale
Syns.: Parmelia diffractaica, Rimelia diffractaica
dilatatum (Vainio) Hale
Syn.: Parmelia dilatata
dominicanum (Vainio) Hale
Syn.: Parmelia dominicana
endosulphureum (Hillm.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia endosulphurea
eurysacum (Hue) Hale Syns.: Parmelia eurysaca, P. permaculata
gardneri (C. W. Dodge) Sérus.
Syn.: Parmelia robusta
hababianum (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia hababiana
haitiense (Hale) Hale Syns.: Parmelia haitiensis, Canomaculina haitiensis
herrei (Zahlbr.) Spielmann &
Marcelli (Marcelli et al. 2011)
hypoleucinum (J. Steiner) Hale Syn.: Parmelia hypoleucina
hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia hypotropa, Parmelia
hypotropa var. sorediata , P. cetrata var. hypotropoides, P. perforata var.
hypotropa
internexum (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia internexa
louisianae (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia louisianae
margaritatum (Hue) Hale Syn.: Parmelia margaritata
mellissii (C. W. Dodge) Hale Syn.: Parmelia mellissii
mordenii (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia mordenii
neotropicum Kurok. ex Hale Syns.:
Canomaculina neotropica, Rimeliella neotropica
overeemii (Zahlbr.) Elix (Lendemer
& Harris 2016)
perforatum (Jacq.) A. Massal. Syns.: Parmelia perforata, P.
erecta, P. hypotropoides
perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisy Syns.: Parmelia perlata, P. trichotera
praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia praesorediosa, P.
santae-crucis
rampoddense (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia rampoddensis, P.
subinvoluta
reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy
Syns.: Parmelia reticulata, Rimelia reticulata
rubifaciens (Hale) Hale
simulans (Hale) Hale Syns.:
Parmelia simulans, Rimelia simulans
stuppeum (Taylor) Hale Syns.: Parmelia stuppea, P. claudelii,
P. maxima
subisidiosum (Müll. Arg.) Hale
Syns.: Parmelia subisidiosa, Rimelia subisidiosa
submarginale (Michaux) DePriest & B. Hale Syns.: Lobaria
submarginale, Parmelia michauxiana, P. epiclada (DePriest & Hale 1998), P.
submarginalis
subrigidum Egan (Egan et al. 2005)
subsumptum (Nyl.) Hale Syns.:
Canomaculina subsumpta, Rimeliella subsumpta, Parmelia subsumpta
subtinctorium (Zahlbr.) Hale Syns.:
Canomaculina subtinctoria, Rimeliella subtinctoria, Parmelia subtinctoria
sulphuratum (Nees & Flotow) Hale Syn.: Parmelia sulphurata
tinctorum (Delise ex Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia tinctorum
ultralucens (Krog) Hale Syns.: Parmelia ultralucens, P. subcrinita
auct. non Nyl.
wrightii L. I. Ferraro & Elix
(Seavey & Seavey 2012)
xanthinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia xanthina, P.
chrysantha, P. madagascariacea
zollingeri (Hepp) Hale Syn.: Parmelia zollingeri Uncertain for North America (Lendemer &
Harris 2016)
chinense (“Osbeck”) Hale & Ahti = P. perlatum (Hawksworth 2004)
crozalsianum (B. de Lesd. ex Harm.) Hawksworth = Crespoa crozalsiana (Lendemer
& Hodkinson 2012)
madagascariaceum
(Hue) Hale = P. xanthinum (Lendemer 2016a)
michauxianum (Zahlbr.) Hale = P.
submarginale
ochrocrinitum Elix & J. Johnst.
Erroneously mapped for North America (Michlig & Ferraro 2010)
preperforatum
(W. L. Culb.) Hale = Parmotrema hypoleucinum (Widhelm et al. 2017)
rigidum (Lynge) Hale North American
records are P. subrigidum
robustum (Degel.) Hale North American
records are P. gardneri
PARMOTREMOPSIS Elix & Hale
antillensis (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina antillensis, Parmelia
antillensis
PARMULARIA
Nilson
brouardii B. de Lesd. = a Lecanora sp.
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = Identity uncertain
PARVOPLACA Arup, Søchting & Frödén (Arup et al. 2013)
nigroblastidiata Arup, Halici &
Vondrák (Arup et al. 2015)
tiroliensis (Zahlbr.) Arup, Søchting
& Frödén Syns.: Caloplaca
subolivacea, C. tiroliensis
PATELLARIA Hoffm.
eckfeldtii Müll. Arg. (Lendemer & Hewitt
2002) = Bacidia eckfeldtii
granulosa Michaux non (Hoffm.) DC. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia schweinitzii
PATRICIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
*valentinianus
D. Hawks. (Cole & D. Hawksworth 2001)
PAULIA Fée
pyrenoides (Nyl.) Henssen
Syns.: Omphalaria pyrenoides, Thyrea pyrenoides
PECCANIA A. Massal. ex Arnold
arizonica Tuck. ex Herre
cernohorskyi (Servít)
Scheiman-Cseika, Cseika & Guttová (Knudsen et al. 2017)
corallina Hazsl. (Knudsen et al.
2017)
coralloides (A. Massal.) A. Massal.
(McCune 2017)
kansana (Tuck.) Forssell Syn.: Omphalaria kansana
kansuensis (H. Magn.) M. Schultz
ined. (McCune et al. 2014b)
subnigra (B. de Lesd.) Wetmore Syns.: Placynthium subnigrum,
Synalissa subnigra
texana (Tuck.) Wetmore Syns.: Omphalaria texana, Synalissa
texana
tiruncula (Nyl.) Henssen (Tretiach &
Schultz 2007)
PECTENIA P. M. Jørg., L. Lindblom, Wedin & S. Ekman (Ekman et
al. 2014)
plumbea (Lightf.) P. M. Jørg., L.
Lindblom, Wedin & S. Ekman Syns.:
Degelia plumbea, Parmeliella plumbea
PELTIGERA Willd.
aphthosa (L.) Willd.
aquatica Miądl. & Lendemer (Miądlikowska et al.
2014b)
britannica (Gyelnik) Holt.-Hartw. & Tønsberg
canina (L.) Willd.
castanea Goward, Goffinet & Miądl. (Goffinet et al.
2003)
chionophila Goward & Goffinet (Goward & Goffinet 2000)
cinnamomea Goward
collina (Ach.) Schrader
degenii Gyelnik
didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon
elisabethae Gyelnik
evansiana Gyelnik
extenuata (Nyl. ex Vainio) Lojka (Goffinet et al. 2003)
fibrilloides (Gyelnik) Vitik.
(Vitikainen 2004)
frippii Holt.-Hartw. (Vitikainen
1994)
gowardii Lendemer & H. O’Brien
(Lendemer & O’Brien 2011)
horizontalis (Hudson) Baumg.
hydrothyria Miądl. & Lutzoni
Syn.: Hydrothyria venosa (Miądlikowska & Lutzoni 2000)
hymenina (Ach.) Delise
islandica Goward &
Manoharan-Basil (Manoharan-Basil et al 2016)
kristinssonii Vitik.
latiloba Holt.-Hartw.
(Holtan-Hartwig 2005)
lepidophora (Nyl. ex Vainio) Bitter
leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyelnik
lyngei Gyelnik (Dillman et al. 2012)
malacea (Ach.) Funck
membranacea (Ach.) Nyl.
monticola Vitik. (Vitikainen
2004)
neckeri Hepp ex Müll. Arg.
neopolydactyla (Gyelnik) Gyelnik
pacifica Vitik.
phyllidiosa Goffinet & Miądl. (Goffinet &
Miądlikowska 1999)
polydactylon (Necker) Hoffm.
polydactylon subsp. udeghe Magain, Miadl. & Sérus.
(Magain et al. 2016)
ponojensis Gyelnik
praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf
retifoveata Vitik.
rufescens (Weiss) Humb.
scabrosa Th. Fr.
scabrosella Holt.-Hartw.
seneca Magain, Miadl. & Sérus.
(Magain et al. 2016)
tartarea (Llano) Vitik. (Vitikainen 2006)
venosa (L.) Hoffm.
aphthosa f. complicata (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. = P. leucophlebia
aphthosa var. variolosa A. Massal. = P. leucophlebia
avenosa Gyeln
canina (L.) Willd. f. membranacea (Ach.) Duby (Tuckerman 1882) = Peltigera
membranacea
canina var. rufescens (Weiss) Mudd = P. rufescens
canina var. rufescens f. innovans (Körber) J. W. Thomson = P. praetextata
canina f. sorediata Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = P. didactyla
canina var. spongiosa Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) = P. canina
canina var. spuria (Ach.) Schaerer = P. didactyla
didactyla var. extenuata (Nyl. ex Vainio) Goffinet & Hastings (Goffinet
& Hastings 1995) = P. extenuata
dolichorrhiza (Nyl.) Nyl. = P. polydactylon
erumpens (Taylor) Elenkin = P. didactyla
hazslinszkyi Gyelnik = P. extenuata
horizontalis (Hudson) Baumg. f. zopfii (Gyelnik) J. W. Thomson This name has
often been used for P. elisabethae
lactucifolia (With.) J. R. Laundon = P. hymenina
occidentalis sensu Kristinsson = P. kristinssonii
occidentalis (E. Dahl) Kristinsson = P. neopolydactyla
polydactyla var. hymenina (Ach.) Flotow = P. hymenina
polydactyla var. neopolydactyla Gyelnik = P. neopolydactyla
praecanina Gyelnik (Gyelnik 1931) no
type designated, identity uncertain
pulverulenta (Taylor) Kremp. = P. scabrosa Th. Fr. for North American records
scutata (Dickson) Duby = P. collina
sorediata (Schaerer) Fink (Fink 1935) = P. didactyla (Vitikainen 1994)
spuria (Ach.) DC. = P. didactyla
variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyelnik = P. leucophlebia
zopfii Gyelnik (Fink 1935) = P. horizontalis (Vitikainen 1994)
PELTULA Nyl.
bolanderi (Tuck.) Wetmore
Syns.: Endocarpiscum bolanderi, Heppia bolanderi, Pannaria bolanderi
clavata (Kremp.) Wetmore
corticola Büdel & R. Sant.
(Büdel et al. 2007)
cylindrica Wetmore
euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Ozenda & Clauzade Syns.: Endocarpiscum guepinii, Heppia
euploca, H. guepinii, H. polyphylla
farinosa Büdel (Büdel & Nash
2002)
hassei
(Zahlbr.) Büdel, Kauff & Bachran (Kauff et al. 2018)
michoacanensis (B. de Lesd.) Wetmore
obscurans (Nyl.) Gyelnik var. obscurans
obscurans var. deserticola (Zahlbr.)
Wetmore Syn.: Heppia deserticola
omphaliza (Nyl.) Wetmore
patellata (Bagl.) Swinscow & Krog Syns.: Heppia leptopholis, H. polyspora, H.
terrena
placodizans (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Syn.: Heppia placodizans
psammophila (Nyl.) Egea (Büdel & Nash 2002)
radicata (Ach.) Nyl.
richardsii (Herre) Wetmore
Syn.: Heppia richardsii
sonorensis Büdel & T. H. Nash
tortuosa (Nees) Wetmore
Syn.: Heppia tortuosa
zahlbruckneri (Hasse) Wetmore
Syn.: Heppia zahlbruckneri
obscurans var. hassei (Zahlbr.) Wetmore = P.
hassei
polyspora (Tuck.) Wetmore = P. patellata
PENTAGENELLA Darb.
akompsa (Tuck.) Perlmutter, LaGreca, Ertz & Tehler Syn.: Biatora akompsa (Perlmutter et al.
2020)
PERFORARIA Müll. Arg. = COCCOTREMA
minuta Degel. = Ochrolechia minuta (Spribille
et al. 2020)
PERIDIOTHELIA D. Hawksw.
+fuliguncta (Norman) D. Hawksw. (Aptroot 2002d)
+grandiuscula (Anzi) D. Hawksw.
PERIGRAPHA Hafellner
*superveniens (Nyl.) Hafellner (Diederich 2003)
PERTUSARIA DC.
alaskensis Erichsen
alpina Hepp ex Ahles
appalachensis Lendemer, R. C. Harris
& Elix (Lendemer et al. 2008a)
atra Lynge
azulensis B. de Lesd. (Lumbsch & Nash 1999)
borealis Erichsen
brattiae Lumbsch & T. H. Nash (Lumbsch & Nash 1999)
bryontha (Ach.) Nyl.
californica Dibben
carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi
chiodectonoides Bagl. ex A. Massal.
coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. (Tønsberg 1999a)
consocians Dibben
copiosa Erichsen
coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
epixantha R. C. Harris
expolita R. C. Harris
flavicunda Tuck.
flavocorallina Coppins & Muhr
glaucomela (Tuck.) Nyl. Syn.: Lecanora glaucomela
globularis (Ach.) Tuck.
glomerata (Ach.) Schaerer
hakkodensis Yasuda ex Räsänen
hymenea (Ach.) Schaerer
iners R. C. Harris
islandica Bratt, Lumbsch & Schmitt
(Schmitt et al. 2006)
lecanina Tuck.
leioplaca DC.
macounii (I. M. Lamb) Dibben
Syn.: Melanaria macounii
mariae B. de Lesd. (Lumbsch & Nash 1999)
mccroryae Björk, Goward & T.
Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2010)
moreliensis B. de Lesd. (Nash
et al. 1998)
neolecania Lumbsch & T. H. Nash
(Lendemer et al. 2013)
neoscotica I. M. Lamb
obruta R. C. Harris
occidentalis Bratt, Lumbsch &
Schmitt (Schmitt et al. 2006)
octomela (Norman) Erichsen
oculata (Dickson) Th. Fr. Syn.: Lecanora oculata
ostiolata Dibben
papillata (Ach.) Tuck.
paratuberculifera Dibben
plittiana Erichsen
propinqua Müll. Arg.
pruinifera Erichsen
pseudocorallina (Lilj.) Arnold
pupillaris (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
pustulata (Ach.) Duby
rhexostoma Nyl.
rigida Müll. Arg. (Seavey et al.
2017)
rubefacta Erichsen
saximontana Wetmore
sinusmexicani Dibben
sommerfeltii (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Fr.
stenhammarii Hellbom
subambigens Dibben
subobducens Nyl.
suboculata Brodo & Dibben
subpertusa Brodo
subrigida Müll. Arg. (Seavey et al.
2017)
sulcata Dibben
superiana
Lendemer & E. Tripp (Tripp & Lendemer 2019)
tejocotensis B. de Lesd. (Lumbsch et al. 1999)
tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl.
texana Müll. Arg.
trochiscea Norman
valliculata Dibben
virensica R. C. Harris
wulfenioides B. de Lesd.
xanthodes Müll. Arg.
zeorina Erichsen
albescens
(Hudson) M. Choisy & Werner = Lepra albescens
aleutensis Erichsen = P. alaskensis
amara
(Ach.) Nyl. = Lepra amara
amara var. flotowiana (Flörke) Vainio = Lepra amara, at least for Europe
ambigens (Nyl.) Tuck. = P. subambigens, for North American records
andersonii Lendemer (Lendemer 2009c) = Lepra andersoniae
arizonica Dibben = P. tejocotensis
bryophaga Erichsen = Ochrolechia bryophaga
canadensis Stirton = P. pustulata
ceuthocarpa (Sm.) Turner & Borrer = P. excludens
ceuthocarpoides Zahlbr. = P. excludens
communis DC. (Mohr 1901) = P. pertusa, a misidentification for North America
commutata
Müll. Arg. (Lücking et al. 2011b) = Lepra
commutata
concentrica Erichsen Type not found. May be Lepra multipunctoides
coriacea var. obducens (Nyl.) Vainio = P. coriacea
dactylina
(Ach.) Nyl. = Lepra dactylina
diffusilis Erichsen = P. glomerata
diluta Björk, G. Thor & T. B. Wheeler (Spribille et al. 2009) = Gyalectaria
diluta
discoidea (Pers.) Malme = P. albescens
disticha
Erichsen = P. texana (Dibben 1980)
excludens
Nyl. = Lepra excludens
finkii Zahlbr. ex Fink = P. rhexostoma
flavida (DC.) J. R. Laundon = a European taxon, not in North America
floridana
Dibben = Lepra floridana
freyi Erichsen = Megaspora verrucosa
geminipara (Th. Fr.) C. Knight ex Brodo = Toensbergia geminipara
globulifera (Turner) A. Massal. (Fink 1935) = Lepra albescens
granulata (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = P. wulfenioides for North American records
hemisphaerica (Flörke) Erichsen = a European taxon, not in North America
hultenii Erichsen = Ochrolechia subplicans subsp. hultenii
hypothamnolica Dibben = Lepra
hypothamnolica
laevigata (Nyl.) Arnold non (Th. Fr.)
Anzi = Variolaria trachythallina
lecanina subsp. nigra Fink ex Hedrick = Lepra ophthalmiza
leioterella Erichsen = P. macounii for North American reports
leucostoma (Ach.) A. Massal. = P. leioplaca
lutescens (Hoffm.) Lamy = P. flavida, but not in North America
marginata Nyl. = P. propinqua
microsticta (Sm. & Sow.) Erichsen = P. excludens
monogona Nyl. = P. excludens for North American records
multipuncta (Turner) Nyl. = misidentification for North America
multipunctoides
Dibben = Lepra multipunctoides
nolens Nyl. = P. chiodectonoides
ocellata (Wallr.) Körber = misidentification for North America
ophthalmiza
(Nyl.) Nyl. = Lepra ophthalmiza
panyrga
(Ach.) A. Massal. = Lepra panyrga
pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. = misidentification for North America
pocillum Cumm. (Eyerdam 1960) = apparent nomen nudum of uncertain identity
protuberans (Sommerf. ex Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. = P. carneopallida
pulchella Malme = Varicellaria velata (Archer & Messuti 1997)
raesaenenii Erichsen = misidentification for North America
rhodocarpa Körber (Tuckerman 1882) = Varicellaria rhodocarpa
rhodoleuca Th. Fr. = Ochrolechia rhodoleuca
rubescens Erichsen = P. propinqua
santamonicae Dibben = Varicellaria velata (Archer & Messuti 1997)
scutellaris (Schaerer) Hue (Fink 1935) = Lepra albescens
shenandoensis
Hale & Dibben = P. plittiana (Lendemer & Harris 2012)
subamplicata
Nyl. Erroneous name created by
typographic error, first appearing in Egan (1987)
subdactylina
Nyl. = Lepra subdactylina
subplicans Nyl. = Ochrolechia subplicans
subpupillaris Vězda = P. glaucomela
subvelata G. K. Merr. = Lepra subvelata (Spribille et al. 2020)
tabuliformis Erichsen = P. leioplaca
taeniata Erichsen = P. zeorina
torquata Müll. Arg. = P. propinqua
trachydactyla Vainio = identity uncertain, possibly an Ochrolechia sp.
trachythallina
Erichsen = Lepra trachythallina
tuberculifera Nyl. = misidentification for North America; most specimens are P.
paratuberculifera
tuckermanii Erichsen = P. subobducens
ventosa
Malme = Lepra ventosa
velata
(Turner) Nyl. = Varicellaria velata (Schmitt et al. 2012)
waghornei
Hulting = Lepra waghornei
wulfenii DC. = P. hymenea
xanthostoma (Sommerf.) Fr. = Ochrolechia xanthostoma
PETRACTIS Fr.
clausa (Hoffm.) Kremp. (Dillman et
al. 2012)
farlowii (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Vězda Syn.: Gyalecta farlowii
PEZIZELLA Fuckel
*epithallina (W. Phillips & Plowr.) Sacc. (Diederich 2003)
PHACOGRAPHA Hafellner (Hafellner
2009)
*glaucomaria (Nyl.) Hafellner Syns.: Buellia glaucomaria, Leciographa
glaucomaria, Opegrapha glaucomaria
PHACOPSIS Tul.
*cephalodioides (Nyl.) Triebel & Rambold (Diederich 2003)
*vulpicidae
Zhurb. & Diederich (Zhurbenko et al. 2019)
*vulpina Tul.
*doerfeltii
Alstrup & P. Scholz (Scholz 1998) = Nesolechia doerfeltii
*fusca (Triebel & Rambold)
Diederich (Diederich 2003) = Nesolechia
oxyspora var. fusca (Diederich et al. 2019)
*huuskonenii
Räsänen = Raesaenenia huuskonenii(Divakar et al. 2015)
*oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold = Nesolechia oxyspora
*oxyspora var. defecta Triebel & Rambold = Nesolechia
oxyspora
*oxsypora var. fusca Triebel & Rambold = Nesolechia
oxyspora var. fusca
*thallicola
(A. Massal.) Triebel & Rambold = Nesolechia thallicola
PHACOTHECIUM Trevisan
*varium (Tul.) Trevisan Syn.:
Opegrapha physciaria (Hafellner 2009)
PHAEOCALICIUM A.F.W. Schmidt
+betulinum (Nyl.) Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+boreale (Nyl.)
Tibell (McCune et al. 2014b)
+compressulum (Nyl. ex Vainio) A.F.W. Schmidt Syn.: Mycocalicium compressulum
+curtisii (Tuck.) Tibell Syn.: Calicium curtisii
+flabelliforme Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+interruptum (Nyl.)
Tibell (Hardman et al. 2016)
+matthewsianum Selva & Tibell (Selva &
Tibell 1999)
+minutissimum (G. Merr.) Selva Syns.: Calicium
minutissimum, Stenocybe minutissima (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell
+populneum (Brond. ex Duby) A.F.W. Schmidt Syn.: Calicium populneum
+praecedens (Nyl.) A.F.W. Schmidt
+tremulicola (Norrlin ex Nyl.) Tibell Syn. Stenocybe tremulicola (Tibell 1996;
Selva & Tibell 1999)
PHAEOGRAPHINA Müll. Arg.
asteroides
Fink = Phaeographis asteroides
caesiopruinosa (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Platygramme caesiopruinosa
columbina (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Fissurina columbina
explicans
Fink = Leiorreuma explicans
plurifera (Nyl.) Fink = Platygramme caesioipruinosa
quassiicola (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Thecaria quassiicola
scalpturata (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Phaeographis scalpturata
PHAEOGRAPHIS Müll. Arg.
arthonioides (Vainio) Zahlbr.
asteroides (Fink) Lendemer Syn.: Phaeographina asteroides (Lendemer
& Knudsen 2008b)
atromaculata (A. W. Archer) A. W.
Archer (Lendemer & Knudsen 2008b)
brasiliensis (A. Massal.) Kalb & Matthes-Leicht (Archer 2006)
delicatula Common & Lücking
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
dendritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
Syn.: Graphis dendritica
dendriticella Müll. Arg.
dividens (Nyl.) Kr. P. Singh &
Swarnalatha (Seavey et al. 2017)
erumpens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
flavescens Dal Forno & Eliasaro
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
haematites (Fée) Müll. Arg.
inconspicua (Fée) Müll. Arg.
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
intricans (Nyl.) Staiger Syn.: Sarcographa intricans (Staiger
2002)
inusta (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
leiogrammodes (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
lobata (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
major (Kremp.) Lücking (Lücking et
al. 2011b)
multicolor R. C. Harris
nylanderi (Vainio) Zahlbr. (Lücking
et al. 2011b)
oricola Lendemer & R. C. Harris
(Lendemer & Harris 2014a)
pseudostromatica F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
punctiformis (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
quadrifera (Nyl.) Staiger (Seavey et
al. 2017)
radiata F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey et al. 2017)
scalpturata (Ach.) Staiger (Lücking
et al. 2011b)
schizoloma (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg. (Lücking et
al. 2011b)
smithii (Leighton) B. de Lesd. (Tønsberg 1999a)
subfulgurata (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
tortuosa (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
exaltata (Mont. & Bosch) Müll. Arg. = Leiorreuma exaltatum
eulectra (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Graphis eulectra
lyellii (Sm.) Zahlbr. = misidentification
for North America
patellula (Fée) Müll. Arg. (Fink 1935) =
Leiorreuma patellulum
sericea (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. = Leiorreuma sericea
sexloculata Fink = P. arthonioides
subtigrina
(Vainio) Zahlbr. = P. brasiliensis
PHAEOPHYSCIA Moberg
adiastola (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Physcia adiastola
ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg Syns.: Physcia ciliata, P. obscura auct.
constipata (Norrlin & Nyl.) Moberg Syn.: Physcia
constipata
decolor (Kashiw.) Essl.
endococcina (Körber) Moberg Syns.: Parmelia endococcina,
Physcia endococcina, P. lithotodes, (?) P. columbiana
endococcinodes (Poelt) Essl. Syn.: Physcia endococcinodes
erythrocardia (Tuck.) Essl. Syn.: Physcia obscura var.
erythrocardia
hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl. Syn.: Physcia hirsuta
hirtella Essl.
hispidula (Ach.) Essl. Syns.: Physcia hispidula, P. setosa
insignis (Mereschk.) Moberg
kairamoi (Vainio) Moberg Syn.: Physcia kairamoi
leana (Tuck.) Essl. Syns.: Parmelia leana, Physcia leana
nigricans (Flörke) Moberg Syn.: Physcia nigricans
orbicularis (Necker) Moberg Syns.: Physcia orbicularis, P.
virella
pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. Syn.: Physcia pusilloides
rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl. Syns.: Physcia orbicularis f. rubropulchra,
P. endochrysea, P. rubropulchra
sciastra (Ach.) Moberg
Syns.: Physcia sciastra, P. lithotea
squarrosa Kashiw. (Moberg 1995) Syn: Physcia lacinulata, for
North American records
cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl. = P. hirsuta (Esslinger
2004b)
chloantha (Ach.) Moberg = Physciella chloantha
imbricata sensu Esslinger (1978) = P. squarrosa
imbricata (Vainio) Essl. = P. hispidula
melanchra (Hue) Hale = Physciella melanchra
nepalensis (Poelt) D. D. Awasthi = Physciella nepalensis
PHAEOPYXIS Rambold & Triebel (Rambold & Triebel 1990) = BACHMANNIOMYCES (Diederich et al. 2018)
*punctum (A. Massal.)
Rambold, Triebel & Coppins (Rambold & Triebel 1990) = Bachmanniomyces punctum (Diederich et al. 2018)
PHAEORRHIZA H. Mayrhofer & Poelt
nimbosa (Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Syns.: Rinodina
nimbosa, R. phaeocarpa
sareptana (Tomin) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt
PHAEOSPORA Hepp ex Stein
*arctica Horáková & Alstrup
*catolechiae Zopf (Zhurbenko 2014)
*parasitica (Lönnr.) Arnold
*rimosicola (Leighton ex Mudd) Hepp ex Stein Syn.: Pyrenulella
endococcoidea
*peltigericola D. Hawksw. (Alstrup
& Ahti 2007) = Leptosphaeria arnoldii
PHAEOSPOROBOLUS D. Hawksw. & Hafellner
*alpinus
R. Sant., Alstrup & D. Hawksw.= Lichenostigma alpinum (Ertz et al. 2014)
*fellhanerae R. C. Harris & Lendemer
(Harris & Lendemer 2009) = Lichenostigma fellhanerae (Ertz et al. 2014)
*usneae
D. Hawksw. & Hafellner = Lichenostegma maureri (Ertz et al. 2014)
PHAEOTREMA Müll. Arg.
californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema californicum
meiospermum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Melanotrema meiospermum
PHARCIDIA Körber = STIGMIDIUM
*dispersa (J. Lahm ex Körber) Winter ex Rabenh. = Zwackhiomyces dispersus
*ephebes Henssen = Stigmidium ephebes
*epicymatia (Wallr.) Winter = a Stigmidium spp.
*parva Henssen = Stigmidium parvum
PHLOEOPECCANIA J. Steiner (Schultz & Büdel 2005)
major Henssen ined. (Schultz
& Büdel 2005)
pulvinulina J. Steiner (Schultz
& Büdel 2005)
PHLYCTELLA Kremp.
andensis Nyl.
PHLYCTIDIA Müll. Arg.
ludoviciensis
Müll. Arg. = Phlyctis boliviensis
PHLYCTIS Wallr.
agelaea (Ach.) Flotow
argena (Ach.) Flotow
boliviensis Nyl. Syn.: Phlyctidia
ludoviciensis (Lendemer & R. C.
Harris 2014d)
petraea R. C. Harris, Muscavitch,
Ladd & Lendemer (Muscavitch et al. 2017a)
speirea G. Merr.
ludoviciensis (Müll. Arg.) Lendemer (Lendemer 2005a) = P. boliviensis
willeyi
Tuck. = Leucodecton willeyi
PHOEBUS R. C. Harris & Ladd
(Harris & Ladd 2005, 2007)
hydrophobius R. C. Harris & Ladd
(Harris & Ladd 2005, 2007)
PHOMA Fr.
*fuliginosa M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw.
(Hawksworth & Cole 2004)
*peltigerae
(P. Karsten) D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)
*caloplacae D. Hawksw. (Lawrey
et al. 2012) = Didymocyrtis consimilis (Diederich et al.
2018)
*cladoniicola Diederich, Kocourk. & Etayo (Diederich et al. 2007) =
Didymocyrtis cladoniicola (Ertz et al. 2015a)
*cytospora (Vouaux) D. Hawks. (Cole
& D. Hawksworth 2001) = Briancoppinsia cytospora (Diederich et al. 2012;
Kocourkova et al. 2012)
*grumantiana
Zhurb. &
Diederich (Diederich et al. 2007) = Didymocyrtis grumantiana
(Diederich
et al. 2018)
*lobariae Diederich & Etayo
(Hafellner et al. 2002) = Abrothallus lobariae (Diederich et al.
2018)
*lobariicola Alstrup (Spribillle et al.
2010) = Catillaria lobariicola (Diederich et
al. 2018)
*physciicola
Keissler (Alstrup & Cole 1998) = Didymocyrtis epiphyscia (Ertz et al.
2015a)
*puncteliae Diederich &
Lawrey (Lawrey et al. 2012) = Xenophoma puncteliae (Diederich et al.
2018)
*xanthomendozae
Diederich & Freebury (Lawrey et al. 2012) =
Didymocyrtis xanthomendozae (Ertz et al. 2015a)
PHRAGMONAEVIA
Rehm
*fuckelii Rehm = Corticifraga fuckelii
PHYLLISCUM Nyl.
#demangeonii
(Moug. & Mont.) Nyl. Syn.: Thyrea demangeonii
tenue Henssen
PHYLLOBLASTIA Vainio
fortuita Llop & Gómez-Bolea (Carlberg 2016)
PHYLLOPSORA Müll. Arg.
breviuscula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
(Timdal 2011) Syn.: Lecidea breviuscula
buettneri (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
(Timdal 2011)
confusa Swinscow & Krog
corallina (Eschw.) Müll.
Arg. var. corallina
furfuracea (Pers.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Lecidea furfuracea
glabella (Nyl.) Gotth. Schneider
glaucella (Vainio) Timdal (Timdal 2008)
glaucescens (Nyl.) Gotth. Schneider
(Seavey et al. 2017) Correct placement
uncertain (Kistenich et al. 2019)
gossypina (Sw.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby &
S. Ekman Syn.: Crocynia gossypina
(Kistenich et al. 2018)
isidiosa Kistenich & Timdal (Kistenich et al. 2019)
isidiotyla (Vainio) Riddle (Brako 1991)
neotinica
Kistenich & Timdal (Kistenich et al. 2019)
parvifolia (Pers.) Müll Arg. var. parvifolia Syns.:
Biatora fendleri, B. parvifolia, B. parvifolia var. corallina, B. parvifolia
var. subgranulosa, Lecidea parvifolia
parvifoliella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Lecidea parvifoliella
porphyromelaena (Vainio) Zahlbr.
(Timdal 2011)
pyxinoides (Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syn.: Crocynia pyxinoides (Kistenich et al.
2018)
rappiana (Brako) Elix (Timdal 2011)
santensis (Tuck.) Swinscow &
Krog (Timdal 2008) Syns.: Bacidia
microphyllina auct., Lecidea santensis
buettneri (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. var. glauca (B.
de Lesd.) Brako (Harris 1995a) = P. porphyromelaena
buettneri
var. munda
(Malme) Brako (Brako 1991) = P. buettneri
canoumbrina (Vainio) Brako Not known from North America; see note under Bacidia
subgranulosa
corallina
var. glaucella
(Vainio) Brako (Brako 1991) = P. glaucella
corallina
var. ochroxantha
(Nyl.) Brako (Brako 1991) = Wolseleyidea ochroxantha
corallina var. rappiana
Brako (Brako 1991) = P. rappiana
corallina
var. santensis
(Tuck.) Brako = P. santensis
halei (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Biatora halei
kalbii Brako (Brako
1991) = Biatora kalbii
labriformis Timdal (Seavey & Seavey 2014a) = Parallopsora
labriformis (Kistenich et al. 2018)
lacerata Timdal (Lücking et
al. 2011b) = Bacidina lacerata (Kistenich et al. 2018)
ochroxantha (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
(Timdal 2008) = Wolseleyidea ochroxantha (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
parvifolia var. breviuscula
(Nyl.) Brako (Brako 1991) = P. breviuscula
subcorallina Zahlbr. = Catinaria subcorallina
subfilamentosa Zahlbr. = Lecidea subfilamentosa
PHYSALOSPORA Niessl
*xanthoriae (Wedd.) Sacc. = misidentification for North America
PHYSCIA (Schreber) Michaux
adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier
aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. var. aipolia
Syn.: Parmelia aipolia
albinea (Ach.) Nyl.
alnophila (Vainio) Loht., Moberg,
Myllys & Tehler (Lohtander et al. 2009)
americana G. Merr.
atrostriata Moberg
biziana (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe ex Fürnr.
clementei (Sm.) Lynge
convexa Müll. Arg.
crispa Nyl. Many old
records using this name are actually P. atrostriata
dakotensis Essl. (Esslinger 2004a)
dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl.
dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau
duplicorticata W. A. Weber & J. W. Thomson
erumpens Moberg (Moberg 1997)
halei J. W. Thomson
leptalea (Ach.) DC.
magnussonii Frey
mexicana B. de Lesd.
millegrana Degel.
montana B. de Lesd.
nashii Moberg (Moberg 1997)
neglecta Moberg (Tucker 2014)
neogaea R. C. Harris
occidentalis Essl. & McCune (Esslinger et al. 2020)
phaea (Tuck.) J. W. Thomson
Syn.: Parmelia phaea
poncinsii Hue (Harris 1995a)
pseudospeciosa J. W. Thomson
pumilior R. C. Harris
rhizinata
Essl. & McCune (Esslinger et al. 2020)
solistella Essl. & Egan (Esslinger & Egan 1996)
sorediosa (Vainio) Lynge
stellaris (L.) Nyl.
subalbinea Nyl. (Lohtander et al.
2009)
subtilis Degel.
tenella (Scop.) DC. Syn.: Borrera tenella
tenella subsp. marina (A. Nyl.) D. Hawksw.
tenellula Moberg (Moberg 1997)
thomsoniana Essl. (Esslinger 2017)
tribacia (Ach.) Nyl.
undulata Moberg (Harris 1995a)
villosula Moberg (Tucker 2014)
adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl. = Hyperphyscia adglutinata
adglutinata f. pyrithrocardia Müll. Arg. (Tuckerman 1882) = Hyperphyscia
pyrithrocardia
adiastola Essl. = Phaeophyscia adiastola
aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) B. J. Moore = Dirinaria aegialita
aipolia
var. alnophila
(Vainio) Lynge = P. alnophila
alba (Fée) Müll. Arg. = misidentification for North America
alba var. obsessa (Mont.) J. W. Thomson = P. integrata Nyl., but a
misidentification for North America
albicans sensu J. W. Thomson = P. atrostriata for North American reports
albicans (Pers.) J. W. Thomson = Heterodermia albicans
aquila (Ach.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Anaptychia runcinata, a misidentification
for N.A.
aquila var. detonsa (Fr.) Tuck. (Claassen 1912) = Anaptychia palmulata
aspera H. Magn. = Dirinaria aegialita
astroidea (Clem.) Nyl. = P. clementei
astroidea f. hypomela Tuck
(Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
cainii Räsänen = P. aipolia
callosa sensu Thomson (1963) = P. tribacia (Moberg 1997)
callosa
Nyl. = P. phaea
cascadensis
H. Magn. = P. phaea (Moberg 1997)
cernohorskyi Nádv. = Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi
chloantha (Ach.) Vainio = Physciella chloantha
ciliaris (L.) DC. (Tuckerman 1882) = Anaptychia ciliaris, a misidentification
for N.A.
ciliaris var. crinalis
Schaerer (Tuckerman 1882) = Anaptychia crinalis
ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz = Phaeophyscia ciliata
cocoes (Sw.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Pyxine cocoes
columbiana B. de Lesd. = (?) Phaeophyscia endococcina, but the type not seen
comosa (Eschw.) Nyl. = Heterodermia comosa
constipata Norrlin & Nyl. = Phaeophyscia constipata
convexella Moberg (Moberg 1997, in map) Erroneous report for the United States
(Moberg 2002)
crispa (Pers.) Nyl. f. hypomela Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
culbersonii J. W. Thomson (nomen nudum) = Phaeophyscia squarrosa
detersa (Nyl.) Nyl. = Physconia detersa
detonsa (Fr.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Anaptychia palmulata
elaeina (Sm.) A. L. Sm. = Hyperphyscia adglutinata
erinacea (Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Heterodermia erinacea
erosa Borrer, Syn. N.A. Lichens I: 75 = Physcia tribacia
endochrysea (Hampe) Nyl. = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra
endococcina (Körber) Th. Fr. = Phaeophyscia endococcina
endococcinodes Poelt = Phaeophyscia endococcinodes
fragilescens Zahlbr. = P. sorediosa
frostii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Dirinaria frostii
granulifera (Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Heterodermia granulifera
grisea (Lam.) Zahlbr. = Physconia grisea, but a misidentification for North
America
hirsuta Mereschk. = Phaeophyscia hirsuta
hispida auct. = P. tenella
hispidula (Ach.) Frey = Phaeophyscia hispidula
hypoleuca (Ach.) Tuck. = Heterodermia hypoleuca
intermedia Vainio = P. dubia
imbricata Vainio = Phaeophyscia hispidula
isidiigera (Zahlbr.) Fink = Physconia isidiigera
kairamoi Vainio = Phaeophyscia kairamoi
lacinulata Müll. Arg. = Phaeophyscia squarrosa, for North American records
leana (Tuck.) Tuck. = Phaeophyscia leana
leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Lettau = Physconia leucoleiptes
leucomela (L.) Michaux (Tuckerman 1882) = Heterodermia leucomela
lithotea "(Ach.) Nyl." = Phaeophyscia sciastra
lithotodes Nyl. = Phaeophyscia endococcina
luganensis Mereschk. = Physciella chloantha
meissneri Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Pyxine berteriana
melanchra Hue = Physciella melanchra
melops Dufour = P. phaea
minor (Fée) Vainio = Hyperphyscia minor
muscigena (Ach.) Nyl. = Physconia muscigena
nepalensis Poelt = Physciella nepalensis
nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb. = Phaeophyscia nigricans
obscura auct. = Phaeophyscia ciliata
obscura var. endochrysea (Hampe) Nyl. (Claassen 1912) North American reports are Phaeophyscia
rubropulchra
obscura var. erythrocardia Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Phaeophyscia erythrocardia
obsessa (Mont.) Nyl. = P. integrata, but a misidentification for North America
orbicularis (Necker) Poetsch = Phaeophyscia orbicularis
orbicularis f. rubropulchra Degel. = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra
picta (Sw.) Nyl. = Dirinaria picta
pulverulenta auct. non (Schreber) Fürnr. = Physconia distorta, but a
misidentification for North America
pulverulenta (Schreber) Nyl. var. leucoleiptes Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) =
Physconia leucoleiptes
pusilloides Zahlbr. = Phaeophyscia pusilloides
purpurascens Vainio = Dirinaria purpurascens
ravenelii Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Heterodermia albicans
rubropulchra (Degel.) Moberg = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra
sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz = Phaeophyscia sciastra
semipinnata (J. F. Gmelin) Moberg = P. leptalea
setosa (Ach.) Nyl. = Phaeophyscia hispidula
sorediata Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) = Pyxine sorediata
speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl. =
Heterodermia speciosa
stellaris (L.) Nyl. var. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) =
Physcia aipolia
stellaris var. hispida
(Schreber) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Physcia tenella
stellaris var. tribacia
(Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Physcia tribacia
subobscura Nyl. = P. tenella subsp. marina
syncolla Tuck. ex Nyl. = Hyperphyscia syncolla
teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge = P. dubia
tribacoides auct. non Nyl. = P. americana
venusta (Ach.) Nyl. = Physconia venusta, but a misidentification for North
America
virella (Ach.) Flagey (Fink 1935) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis
wainioi
Räsänen = P. subalbinea
wrightii Tuck. = North American report is Heterodermia diademata (Esslinger
& Tucker 2009)
PHYSCIELLA Essl.
chloantha (Ach.) Essl. Syns.: Physcia chloantha, P.
luganensis, Phaeophyscia chloantha
melanchra (Hue) Essl. Syns.: Physcia melanchra, Phaeophyscia
melanchra
nepalensis (Poelt) Essl. Syns.: Physcia nepalensis,
Phaeophyscia nepalensis
PHYSCIOPSIS M. Choisy = HYPERPHYSCIA
adglutinata (Flörke) M. Choisy = Hyperphyscia adglutinata
elaeina (Sm.) Poelt = Hyperphyscia adglutinata
minor (Fée) B. J. Moore = Hyperphyscia minor
syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Poelt = Hyperphyscia syncolla
PHYSCONIA Poelt
americana Essl. (Esslinger 1994)
californica Essl. (Esslinger 2000b)
detersa (Nyl.) Poelt Syn.: Physcia detersa
elegantula Essl.
enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt
fallax Essl. (Esslinger 2000b)
grumosa Kashiw. & Poelt
(Esslinger & Dillman 2010)
isidiigera (Zahlbr.) Essl.
isidiomuscigena Essl. (Esslinger 2000b)
labrata Essl., McCune &
Haughland (Esslinger et al. 2017)
leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Essl.
Syns.: Physcia leucoleiptes, Physcia pulverulenta var. leucoleiptes
muscigena (Ach.) Poelt Syn.: Physcia muscigena
perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg
subpallida Essl.
distorta (With.) J. R. Laundon = misidentification for North America
farrea sensu Poelt = P. perisidiosa [Parmelia farrea Ach. = Physconia grisea]
grisea (Lam.) Poelt = misidentification for North America
kurokawae
Kashiw. = P. leucoleiptes (Esslinger 2002d)
pulverulacea Moberg = P. distorta, but a misidentification for North America
pulverulenta auct. non (Schreber) Poelt = P. distorta, but a misidentification
for North America
thomsonii Essl.= Anaptychia elbursiana
PHYSMA A. Massal.
byrsaeum (Afzel. ex Ach.) Tuck. ("byrsinum")
cataractaecola B. de Lesd.
luridum (Mont.) Tuck. = Pannaria lurida
PHYTOCONIS Bory
ericetorum (Pers. : Fr.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
luteovitellina (Pilát & Nannf.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia
alpina
velutina (Quélet) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia velutina
viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
PICCOLIA A. Massal. (Hafellner 1995)
conspersa (Fée) Vainio Syns.: Biatorella conspersa,
Heterothecium conspersum (Hafellner 1995)
nannaria (Tuck.) Lendemer &
Beeching Syns.: Biatorella nannaria, Heterothecium nannarium
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2007)
ochrophora (Nyl.) Hafellner
Syns.: Biatorella ochrophora, Lecidea ochrophora, Strangospora
ochrophora (Hafellner 2004d)
PILOPHORUS Th. Fr.
acicularis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr. in Hellbom
clavatus Th. Fr. Syn.: P. hallii
dovrensis (Nyl.) Timdal, Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
pallida
fibula (Tuck.) Th. Fr.
nigricaulis M. Satô
robustus Th. Fr.
vegae Krog
cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr. var. acicularis (Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) =
Pilophorus acicularis
cereolus var. fibula (Tuck.)
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Pilophorus fibula
cereolus var. hallii (Tuck.)
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Pilophorus clavatus
cereolus var. robustus (Th.
Fr.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Pilophorus robustus
hallii (Tuck.) Vainio = P. clavatus
pallidus (Th. Fr.) Timdal = P. dovrensis
PLACIDIOPSIS Beltr.
cinerascens (Nyl.) Breuss
minor R. C. Harris
pseudocinerea Breuss
cervinula (Nyl.) Vainio = misidentification for North America
PLACIDIUM A. Massal. (Breuss 1996)
acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) Breuss (Breuss & Bratt 2000)
Syns.: Catapyrenium acarosporoides, Dermatocarpon acarosporoides, D.
novomexicanum,Endopyrenium bajadanae, E. novomexicanum, Heteroplacidium
acarosporoides
andicola (Breuss) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium andicolum
arboreum (Schwein. ex E. Michener) Lendemer Syns.:
Catapyrenium tuckermanii, Dermatocarpon tuckermanii, Dermatocarpon
arboretum, Endocarpon arboretum, E. tuckermanii, Endopyrenium tuckermanii
(Lendemer & Yahr 2004)
californicum Breuss (Breuss & Bratt 2000)
chilense (Räsänen) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium chilense
fingens (Breuss) Breuss (Breuss 2002d)
imbecillum (Breuss) Breuss (McCune
& Rosentreter 2007)
lachneum (Ach.) B. de Lesd. Syn.: Catapyrenium lachneum
michelii A. Massal. Syns.: Catapyrenium michelii,
Dermatocarpon michelii
norvegicum (Breuss) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium norvegicum
pilosellum (Breuss) Breuss (Nash et al. 1998)
podolepis (Breuss) M. Prieto (Prieto
et al. 2012) Syns.: Catapyrenium podolepis, Heteroplacidium podolepis
rufescens (Ach.) A. Massal. Syns.: Catapyrenium rufescens,
Dermatocarpon rufescens
squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss Syns.: Catapyrenium squamulosum,
Dermatocarpon hepaticum auct. non (Ach.) Th. Fr.
yoshimurae (H. Harada) Breuss
(McCune 2017)
lacinulatum
(Ach.) Breuss = Clavascidium lacinulatum
lacinulatum var. atrans Breuss (Lendemer
2004c) = Clavascidium lacinulatum var. atrans
lacinulatum
var. erythrostratum
Breuss (Breuss 2000) = Clavascidium lacinulatum var. erythrostratum
tuckermanii
(Ravenel ex Mont.) Breuss = P. arboreum
umbrinum (Breuss) Prieto & Breuss (Gueidan et al. 2009) = Clavascidium
umbrinum
PLACOCARPUS Trevisan
#americanus K. Knudsen,
Breuss, & Kocourk. (Knudsen et al. 2009)
schaereri (Fr.) Breuss = misidentification for North America (McCune et al.
2014b)
PLACODIUM F. H. Wigg.
aurantiacum (Lightf.) Hepp (Claassen 1912) = Gyalolechia flavorubescens
bolacinum Tuck. = Polycauliona bolacina
camptidium (Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Caloplaca camptidia
cerinum (Hedwig) Nägeli ex Hepp (Claassen 1912) = Caloplaca cerina
cerinum var. sideritis Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Caloplaca sideritis
cinnabarinum (Ach.) Nyl. = Caloplaca cinnabarina
cirrochroum (Ach.) Rabenh. (Tuckerman 1882) = Leproplaca cirrochroa
citrinum (Hoffm.) Hepp (Tuckerman 1882) = Flavoplaca citrina
cladodes Tuck. = Pachypeltis cladodes
coralloides Tuck. = Polycauliona coralloides
crenulatum (Wahlenb.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Candelariella arctica
diphasium (Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Caloplaca diphasia
elegans (Link) DC = Rusavskia elegans
elegans var. trachyphyllum Tuck. = Xanthomendoza trachyphylla
eugyrum Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Caloplaca eugyra
ferrugineum (Hudson) Hepp = Blastenia ferruginea
ferrugineum f. bolanderi Tuck. = Polycauliona luteominia var. bolanderi
ferrugineum var. discolor Willey (Tuckerman 1882) = Gyalolechia
xanthostigmoidea
ferrugineum var. pollinii (A. Massl.) Hepp (Tuckerman 1882) = Caloplaca
pollinii
ferrugineum var. wrightii
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Caloplaca wrightii
fulgens (Sw.) DC. = Gyalolechia fulgens
fulgens var. bracteatum (Hoffm.) Mull. Arg. (Tuckerman 1882) = Gyalolechia
bracteata
galactophyllum Tuck. = Squamulea galactophylla
jungermanniae (Vahl) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Bryoplaca jungermanniae
luteominium Tuck. (Tuckerman
1882) = Polycauliona luteominia
microphyllinum Tuck. = Caloplaca microphyllina
murorum (Hoffm.) DC. (Tuckerman 1882) = Calogaya saxicola
nivale (Körber) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Caloplaca nivalis
peliophyllum Tuck. = Caloplaca peliophylla
pyraceum (Ach.) Fink (Claassen 1917) = Athallia pyracea
sinapispermum (DC.) Hepp (Tuckerman 1882) = Bryoplaca sinapisperma
spraguei Tuck. (Tuckerman
1882) = Candelariella spraguei
variabile (Pers.) Hepp (Tuckerman 1882) = Pyrenodesmia variabilis
variabile var. atroalbum Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
vitellinum (Hoffm.) Hepp (Claassen 1912) = Candelariella vitellina
vitellinum var. aurellum Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Candelariella aurella
PLACOMARONEA Räsänen
mendozae (Räsänen) M. Westberg
(Westberg 2004a)
PLACOPSIS (Nyl.) Lindsay
cribellans (Nyl.) Räsänen
fusciduloides D. J. Galloway (Galloway 2005)
gelida (L.) Lindsay Syn.: Lecanora gelida
lambii Hertel & V. Wirth (Moberg
& Carlin 1996; Brodo et al. 2001)
roseonigra Brodo
effusa I. M. Lamb = misidentification for North America
PLACOPYRENIUM Breuss
bucekii (Nádv. & Servít) Breuss
(Breuss 2009)
caeruleopulvinum (J.W. Thomson) Breuss (Breuss 2002e) Syn.:
Catapyrenium caeruleopulvinum
canellum (Nyl.) Gueidan & Cl.
Roux Syn.: Verrucaria canella
(Navarro-Rosínes et al. 2007)
coloradoense Breuss Syn.:
Catapyrenium schaereri sensu Thomson (Breuss 2009)
conforme Breuss (Breuss 2009)
fuscellum (Turner) Gueidan & Cl. Roux Syn.:
Verrucaria fuscella (Navarro-Rosínes et al. 2007)
heppioides (Zahlbr.) Breuss Syns.: Catapyrenium
heppioides, Dermatocarpon heppioides (Breuss 2002e)
lecideoides (A. Massal.) Gueidan
& Cl. roux Syns.: Dermatocarpon
lecideoides, Verrucaria lecideoides (Navarro-Rosínes et al. 2007)
#noxium Breuss (Breuss 1998)
stanfordii (Herre) K. Knudsen Syns.:
Catapyrenium zahlbruckneri, Dermatocarpon zahlbruckneri, Verrucaria stanfordii
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2006)
zahlbruckneri
(Hasse) Breuss (Breuss 2002e) = P. stanfordii
PLACYNTHIELLA Elenkin
dasaea (Stirton) Tønsberg (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Coppins & P. James Syn.: Saccomorpha
hyporhoda
icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James Syn.: Saccomorpha
icmalea
knudsenii Lendemer (Lendemer 2004d)
oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James Syns.:
Saccomorpha oligotropha, Lecidea oligotropha
uliginosa (Schrader) Coppins & P. James Syns.: Biatora
uliginosa, Lecidea uliginosa, L. humosa, Saccomorpha uliginosa
PLACYNTHIUM (Ach.) Gray
asperellum (Ach.) Trevisan
flabellosum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Pannaria flabellosa
garovaglioi (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
(Fryday 2017)
glaciale
Fryday & T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2020)
nigrum (Hudson) Gray
Syn.: Pannaria nigra
pannariellum (Nyl.) H. Magn.
(Spribillle et al. 2010)
petersii (Nyl.) Burnham
Syn.: Pannaria petersii,
Pterygium petersii
stenophyllum (Tuck.) Fink var stenophyllum Syn.: Pannaria
stenophylla
stenophyllum var. isidiatum Henssen
subradiatum (Nyl.) Arnold
tantaleum (Hepp) Hue
aspratile (Ach.) Henssen = P. asperellum
dubium Herre = Massalongia microphylliza
microphyllizum (Nyl. ex Hasse) Hasse = Massalongia microphylliza
pannariellum (Nyl.) H. Magn. Reported from Greenland and Iceland but not the U.
S. or Canada as yet
rosulans (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. Reported from Greenland but not the U. S. or Canada
as yet
subnigrum B. de Lesd = Peccania subnigra
PLAGIOCARPA R. C. Harris = LITHOTHELIUM
hyalospora (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Lithothelium hyalosporum
illota (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Lithothelium illotum
langloisii R. C. Harris = Lithothelium illotum
macrospora R. C. Harris = Lithothelium macrosporum
phaeospora R. C. Harris = Lithothelium phaeosporum
septemseptata R. C. Harris = Lithothelium septemseptatum
PLATISMATIA W. L. Culb. & C. F.
Culb.
glauca (L.) W. L. Culb. &
C. F. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria glauca
herrei (Imshaug) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Syns.: Cetraria herrei,
C. tuckermanii Herre non Oakes
lacunosa (Ach.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
lacunosa
norvegica (Lynge) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
norvegica
stenophylla (Tuck.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Syn.:
Cetraria stenophylla
tuckermanii (Oakes) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Syns.:
Cetraria atlantica, C. lacunosa var. atlantica, C. tuckermanii Oakes non Herre
wheeleri Goward, Altermann &
Björk (Lumbsch et al. 2011)
PLATYGRAMME Fée
caesiopruinosa (Fée) Fée Syn.: Phaeographina caesiopruinosa,
P. plurifera (Staiger 2002)
coccinea F. Seavey
& J. Seavey (Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
elegantula F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey et al. 2017)
pachnodes (Fée) E. Tripp &
Lendemer (Tripp & Lendemer 2010, Lücking et al. 2011b)
praestans (Müll. Arg.) Staiger
(Tripp & Lendemer 2010, Lücking et al. 2011b)
PLATYGRAPHA Nyl.
californica (Tuck.) Nyl. = Sigridea californica
hypothallina Zahlbr. = Lecanographa hypothallina
interrupta (Fée) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Platygraphopsis interrupta
ocellata Nyl. = Mazosia ocellata
periclea (Ach.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) = Schismatomma pericleum
phlyctella Nyl. (Tuckerman 1888) Identity uncertain
plurilocularis Zahlbr. = Paraschismatomma ochroleucum (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
ravenelii Tuck. = Opegrapha ravenelii
subattingens Nyl. = Lecanactis epileuca
vernans Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Schismatomma vernans
PLATYGRAPHOPSIS Müll. Arg.
interrupta (Fée) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Platygrapha interrupta
PLATYSMA Hill
septentrionale Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Asahinea chrysantha
PLATYTHECIUM Staiger
colliculosum (Mont.) Hale Syn.:
Graphina colliculusa (Tripp et al. 2010)
floridanum (Tuck.) Lendemer Syns.:
Graphis floridana, Graphina floridana (Lendemer & Knudsen 2008)
grammitis (Fée) Staiger (Staiger 2002)
PLECTOCARPON Fée
*cladoniae R. Sant. (Ertz et al. 2005)
*lambinonii Diederich & Etayo (Ertz et al. 2005)
*lichenum (Sommerf.) D. Hawksw.
*linitae (R. Sant.) Wedin &
Hafellner Syn.: Arthonia linitae
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*nephromeum (Norman) Sant. (Goward et al. 1996)
*peltigerae Zhurb., Ertz, Diederich & Miądl. (Ertz et al. 2003)
*scrobiculatae Diederich &
Etayo (Ertz et al. 2005)
*triebeliae Diederich & Ertz (Ertz et al. 2005)
*nashii Hafellner (Hafellner et al. 2002) =
Mixtoconidium nashii (Diederich et al. 2018)
PLEOPSIDIUM Körber
chlorophanum (Wahlenb.) Zopf
Syns.: Acarospora chlorophana, A. erythrophora, A. texana, A. weldensis
flavum (Bellardi) Körber Syns.: Acarospora flava, A. oxytona
oxytonum (Ach.) Rabenh. = P. flavum
stenosporum (Stizenb. ex Hasse) K.
Knudsen (Knudsen 2011c) = P. flavum (Knudsen & Kocourková 2013)
PLEUROTHELIOPSIS Zahlbr. = PYRENULA
australiensis (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Anthracothecium australiense
nana Zahlbr. = Anthracothecium australiense
PLEUROTREMA Müll. Arg. = LITHOTHELIUM
anacardii (Vainio) R. C. Harris nom. inval. =
Anisomeridium terminatum
inspersum Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium americanum, not present in North America?
(Harris 1995)
solivagum Degel. = Lithothelium hyalospora
POELTINULA Hafellner
cerebrina (DC.) Hafellner
POLYBLASTIA A. Massal.
albida Arnold (Thomson 1997)
amota Arnold (McCune et al. 2014b)
bryophila Lönnr.
cucurbitula J. W. Thomson & B. M. Murray
cupularis A. Massal.
Syn.: Verrucaria intercedens
efflorescens Coppins (Spribille et al. 2020)
epigaea A. Massal.
exalbida (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Dillman et al. 2012)
fulva
Zahlbr. (Spribille et al. 2020)
gothica Th. Fr.
hyperborea Th. Fr.
hyperborea var. macrospora Lynge
obsoleta Arnold
quartzina Lynge (Spribille et al.
2010)
sendtneri Kremp.
septentrionalis Lynge
cruenta (Körber) P. James &
Swinscow = Sporodictyon cruentum
gelatinosa (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Agonimia gelatinosa
henscheliana (Körber) Lönnr. (Fink 1935) =
Sporodictyon cruentum (Vitikainen et al. 1997)
integrascens (Nyl.) Vainio = P. hyperborea
intercedens (Nyl.) Lönnr. = P. cupularis
melaspora
(Taylor) Zahlbr. = Henrica melaspora
(Savić & Tibell 2008)
sommerfeltii Lynge = Sporodictyon terrestre
terrestris Th. Fr. =
Sporodictyon terrestre
theleodes
(Sommerf.) Th. Fr. = Henrica theleodes (Savić & Tibell 2008)
tristicula (Nyl.) Arnold = Agonimia tristicula
POLYBLASTIOPSIS Zahlbr. = JULELLA
dealbens Fink = Dictyomeridium amylosporum
+dispora (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Julella dispora
+fallaciosa (Stizenb. ex Arnold) Zahlbr. = Julella fallaciosa
fallax (Nyl.) Fink = Arthopyrenia analepta
floridana Fink = Porina nuculastrum
inductula (Nyl.) Fink = Thelenella inductula
intrusa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = a Laurera sp., not in North America
+lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. = Julella lactea
+quercicola Brodo = Julella fallaciosa
+rappii Zahlbr. = Julella geminella
+sublactea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Julella sublactaea
POLYCAULIONA Hue (Arup et al. 2013)
ascendens (S. Y. Kondr.) Frödén,
Arup, & Søchting Syn.: Xanthoria
ascendens
bolacina (Tuck.) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syns.: Caloplaca bolacina,
Placodium bolacinum
brattiae (W. A.Weber) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca brattiae
candelaria (L.) Frödén, Arup, & Søchting Syns.: Teloschistes candelarius, Teloschistes
lychneus var. pygmaeus, Xanthoria candelaria
coralloides (Tuck.) Hue Syn.: Caloplaca coralloides, Placodium
coralloides
flavogranulosa (Arup) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca
flavogranulosa
ignea (Arup) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca ignea
impolita (Arup) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca impolita
inconspecta (Arup) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca
inconspecta
ludificans (Arup) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca ludificans
luteominia (Tuck.) Arup, Frödén
& Søchting var. luteominia Syns.: Blastenia luteominia, Caloplaca laeta,
C. luteominia, Placodium luteominium
luteominia var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting Syns.: Caloplaca bolanderi,
Placodium ferrugineum f. bolanderi
nashii (Nav.-Ros., Gaya &
Hladún) Arup, Frödén & Søchting
Syn.: Caloplaca nashii
phlogina (Ach.) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca phlogina
pollinarioides (L. Lindblom &
D.M. Wright) Frödén, Arup, &
Søchting Syn.: Xanthoria pollinarioides
polycarpa (Hoffm.) Frödén, Arup,
& Søchting Syns.: Teloschistes
polycarpus T. ramulosus, Xanthoria polycarpa, X. ramulosa
rosei (Hasse) Arup, Frödén &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca rosei
stellata (Wetmore & Kärnefelt)
Arup, Frödén & Søchting Syn.:
Caloplaca stellata
tenax (L. Lindblom) Frödén, Arup, & Søchting Syn.:
Xanthoria tenax
tenuiloba (L. Lindblom) Frödén, Arup,
& Søchting Syn.: Xanthoria tenuiloba
verruculifera (Vainio) Arup, Frödén & Søchting Syns.: Caloplaca gloriae sensu Aproot, C.
verruculifera
POLYCHIDIUM (Ach.) Gray
muscicola (Sw.) Gray Syn.: Leptogium muscicola
albociliatum (Desm.) Zahlbr. = Leptochidium albociliatum
contortum Henssen =
Leptogidium contortum (Muggia et al. 2011)
dendriscum
(Nyl.) Henssen
= Leptogidium dendriscum (Muggia et al. 2011)
intricatulum (Nyl.) Henssen = Dendriscocaulon intricatulum
rivale (Tuck.) Fink = Scytinium rivale
umhausense (Auersw.) Henssen = Dendriscocaulon umhausense
POLYCOCCUM Sauter ex Körber
*clauzadei Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux (Hafellner et al. 2002)
*deformans
R. Sant. & Brackel (Spribille et al. 2020)
*hymeniicola (Berk. & Broome)
Zhurb. (Spribille et al. 2010, Zhurbenko & Dillman 2010)
*kerneri J. Steiner (Hafellner et
al. 2002)
*laursenii Zhurb. (Zhurbenko & Alstrup 2004)
*microcarpum Diederich & Etayo
(Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas 2017)
*microsticticum (Leighton ex Mudd) Arnold
*minutulum Kocourková & F. Berger (Diederich 2003)
*opulentum (Th. Fr. & Almq.) Arnold
(Hafellner et al. 2002)
*peltigerae (Fuckel) Vězda (Alstrup 2004)
*pulvinatum (Eitner) R. Sant.
*sporastatiae (Anzi)
Arnold
*squamarioides (Mudd) Arnold
*trypethelioides (Th. Fr.) R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
*vermicularium (Lindsay) D. Hawksw. (Esslinger & Egan
1995)
*bryonthae (Arnold) Vězda (Zhurbenko 2009a) =
Didymocyrtis bryonthae (Ertz et al. 2015a)
*epicrassum (H. Olivier) R. Sant. = Clypeococcum epicrassum, but see note there
*galligenum Vězda = P. pulvinatum
*gelidarium (Mudd) D. Hawksw. = Roselliniopsis gelidaria
POLYDESMIA Boud.
*lichenis Huhtinen & R.
Sant. (Spribille et al. 2010)
POLYMERIDIUM (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris
albidum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris
albocinereum (Kremp.) R. C. Harris
catapastum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
contendens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
quinqueseptatum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
quinqueseptata, Pyrenula quinqueseptata
subcinereum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Porina subcinerea
pleiomerellum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = P. albocinereum
proponens
(Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns. = Dictyomeridium proponens
POLYPYRENULA D. Hawksw.
sexlocularis (Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Polythelis sexlocularis. The implied
occurrence of this species in Florida is questionable. No material seen from
North America
POLYSPORINA Vězda (Knudsen et al. 2021a, Westberg et al. 2015)
arenacea (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen & Kocourk. = Acarospora arenacea
(Knudsen & Kocourková 2008a, 2020b)
arenacea auct. p.p. = Sarcogyne paradoxa (Knudsen & Kocourková 2020b)
cyclocarpa (Anzi) Vězda
(Knudsen et al. 2011b) = Sarcogyne cyclocarpa (Knudsen et al. 2016)
gyrocarpa (H. Magn.) N. S. Golubk. = Acarospora gyrocarpa (Knudsen et
al. 2017)
*pusilla (Anzi) M. Steiner ex Kantvilas
(Knudsen & Kocourková 2008a) = Sarcogyne pusilla
lapponica
(Ach. ex Schaerer) Degel. (Spribille et al. 2020) = Sarcogyne lapponica
(Knudsen & Kocourková 2008a) Name
sometimes misapplied to lichenicolous fungus, Acarospora subfuscescens (Knudsen
et al. 2021b)
oligospora (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen (Knudsen & Lendemer 2005a) =
Acarospora gyrocarpa
simplex (Taylor)
Vězda = Acarospora privigna (Knudsen et al. 2021b)
*subfuscescens (Nyl.) K. Knudsen
& Kocourk. = Acarospora subfuscescens (Knudsen et al. 2021b)
urceolata (Anzi) Brodo =
Sarcogyne urceolata
POLYTHELIS Clem. = POLYPYRENULA
sexlocularis (Müll. Arg.) Clem. = Polypyrenula sexlocularis (q.v.)
PORINA Müll. Arg.
amygdalina Müll. Arg.
chlorotica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. (Spribille et al. 2020)
heterospora (Fink ex J. Hedrick) R. C. Harris
leptalea
(Durieu & Mont.) A. L. Sm. (Spribille et al. 2020)
linearis (Leighton) Zahlbr. (Nash
2002) Syns.: Pseudosagedia linearis,
Trichothelium lineare
norrlinii Vainio (Fryday 2010)
nucula Ach.
nuculastrum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Clathroporina nuculastrum, C.
confinis, Polyblastiopsis floridana (Harris 1995a)
pacifica Brodo (Brodo 2004)
peregrina Tretiach & P. M. McCarthy (Aptroot 2002e)
radicicola P. M. McCarthy & Tønsberg (McCarthy &
Tønsberg 1998)
salicina Müll. Arg.
scabrida R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr. = Pseudosagedia aeneum
carpinea (Pers. ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = Pseudosagedia aeneum
cestrensis
(Tuck. ex E. Michener) Müll. Arg. = Pseudosagedia cestrensis
chlorotica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Pseudosagedia chlorotica
cinerea "(Pers.) Zahlbr." = nom. illeg. = Strigula stigmatella
faginea (Schaerer) Arnold = Strigula stigmatella
guentheri (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Pseudosagedia guentheri
hibernica P. James & Swinscow = misidentification for North America (Harris
1995a)
lectissima
(Fr.) Zahlbr. = Segestria lectissima
leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) A. L. Sm. = Segestria leptalea
linearis (Leighton) Zahlbr. = Pseudosagedia linearis
mammillosa (Th. Fr.) Vainio = Segestria mammillosa
mastoidea (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = misidentification for North America (Harris
1995a)
nitidula Müll. Arg. = Pseudosagedia nitidulum
nucula var. heterospora Fink = Porina heterospora
olivacea (Pers.) A. L. Sm. = misidentification for North America
plumbaria (Stizenb.) Hasse = Arthopyrenia plumbaria
pulla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = an Arthopyrenia sp., not in North America
rhaphidosperma
Müll. Arg. = Pseudosagedia rhaphidosperma
subcinerea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Polymeridium subcinereum
thaxteri R. Sant. = Pseudosagedia thaxteri
viridiseda (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Strigula viridiseda
POROCYPHUS Körber
coccodes (Flotow) Körber Syn.: P. furfurellus
kenmorensis (Holl ex Nyl.) Henssen
dispersus E. Dahl = Thelignya lignyota
furfurellus (Nyl.) Forssell = P. coccodes
PORPIDIA Körber
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph Syns.: Huilia albocaerulescens,
Lecidea albocaerulescens, L. hebescens
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel
& Knoph var. polycarpiza (Vainio)
Rambold & Hertel (Rambold 1989)
calcarea Gowan
carlottiana Gowan
cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph Syns.: Huilia
cinereoatra, Lecidea cinereoatra
contraponenda (Arnold) Knoph & Hertel
crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph Syns.: Huilia crustulata,
Lecidea crustulata
degelii (H. Magn.) Lendemer Syn.: Lecidea degelii (Lendemer & Harris
2014c)
flavicunda (Ach.) Gowan Syns.: Huilia flavocaerulescens, Lecidea
albocaerulescens var. flavocaerulescens, L. flavocaerulescens (Fryday 2005)
flavocruenta Fryday & Buschbom (Fryday 2005)
grisea Gowan
irrigua Orange (Spribille et al. 2020)
lowiana Gowan
macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab Syns.: Huilia
macrocarpa, H. nigrocruenta, Lecidea steriza, L. macrocarpa, L.platycarpa,
L.phylliscina, L. contigua, L. soredifera
melinodes (Körber) Gowan & Ahti Syns.: Aspicilia
melinodes, Huilia melinodes, Lecidea melinodes
nigrocruenta (Anzi) Diederich & Sérus
(Spribille et al. 2020)
ochrolemma (Vainio) Brodo & R. Sant. Syn.: Hymenelia
ochrolemma
platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel Syn.: Huilia platycarpoides
rugosa (Taylor) Coppins &
Fryday Syns.: Huilia glaucophaea,
Lecidea glaucophaea (Fryday 2005)
seakensis Fryday (Spribille et al. 2020)
soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) J. R. Laundon Syns.: Lecidea
soredizodes, Huilia soredizodes (Fryday et al. 2007)
speirea (Ach.) Kremp. Syn.: Lecidea speirea
striata Fryday (Spribille et al. 2020)
subsimplex (H. Magn.) Fryday
(Coppins & Fryday 2006b)
superba (Körber) Hertel & Knoph Syn.: Huilia superba
thomsonii Gowan
tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph Syns.: Huilia
tuberculosa, Lecidea sorediza, L. tumida
zeoroides (Anzi) Knoph & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea macrocarpa
var. trullisata
diversa
(Lowe) Gowan = P. contraponenda (Fryday 2005)
flavocaerulescens
(Hornem.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab = P. flavicunda (Fryday 2005)
glaucophaea (Körber) Hertel & Knoph
= P. rugosa (Fryday 2005)
herteliana
Gowan = P. cinereoatra (Fryday 2005)
pseudomelinodes A. J. Schwab = Porpidia ochrolemma
tahawasiana Gowan = P. subsimplex
PRONECTRIA Clem.
*dillmaniae Zhurb. (Zhurbenko et al. 2005)
*erythrinella (Nyl.) Lowen
Syn.: Nectriella erythrinella
*oligospora Lowen & Rogerson
*robergei (Mont. & Desm.) Lowen (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*tibellii Zhurb. (« tibellae ») (Zhurbenko & Alstrup
2004)
*walkerorum Zhurb. (Zhurbenko et al. 2005)
*anisospora (Lowen)
Lowen = Trichonectria anisospora
*fissuriprodiens Etayo
(Spribille et al. 2010) = Xenonectriella fissuriprodiens
PROTOBLASTENIA (Zahlbr.) J. Steiner
calva (Dickson) Zahlbr.
cyclospora (Hepp ex Körber) Poelt
(Dillman et al. 2012)
incrustans (DC.) J. Steiner
lilacina Poelt & Vězda
(Fryday 2017)
rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner
siebenhaariana (Körber) J. Steiner (Spribille
et al. 2020)
terricola (Anzi) Lynge
cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Räsänen = Ramboldia cinnabarina
monticola (Ach.) J. Steiner = Clauzadea monticola
quernea (Dickson) Clauzade = Pyrrhospora quernea
rupestris var. calva (Dickson) J. Steiner = P. calva
russula (Ach.) Räsänen = Ramboldia russula
testacea (Hoffm.) Clauzade & Rondon = Psora
testacea, but not included in the North American flora.
PROTOMICAREA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
alpestris (Sommerf.) McCune Syn. Lecidea alpestris (McCune et al. 2018)
limosa (Ach.) Hafellner
Syn.: Lecidea limosa
PROTOPANNARIA (Gyelnik) P. M. Jørg.
& S. Ekman
pezizoides (Weber) P. M. Jørg. & S. Ekman (Jørgensen
2000c) Syns: Pannaria brunnea, P. pezizoides
PROTOPARMELIA M. Choisy
#atriseda
(Fr.) R. Sant. & V. Wirth Syn.: Lecanora atriseda
badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecanora badia, L. grandis
#cupreobadia
(Nyl.) Poelt
hypotremella Herk, Spier & V.
Wirth (Brodo & Aptroot 2005)
#leproloma (R. Sant.) Rambold & Poelt
(Singh et al. 2015, McCune 2017)
memnonia Hafellner & Türk (McCune 2017)
nephaea (Sommerf.) R. Sant. ex Poelt & Obermayer Syn.: Lecanora nephaea
ochrococca (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg., Rambold & Hertel Syns.: Lecidea ochrococca, Lecanora
ochrococca, L. phaeobola
capitata Lendemer (Lendemer & Lumbsch 2008) = Neoprotoparmelia capitata
(Singh et al. 2018)
isidiata Diederich, Aptroot & Sérus. (Lendemer & Lumbsch 2008) =
Neoprotoparmelia amerisidiata, for N.A. report
#ryaniana van den Boom, Sipman & Elix (van den Boom et al. 2007)
= Miriquidica verrucariicola (Knudsen et al. 2015)
PROTOPARMELIOPSIS M. Choisy
bipruinosa (Fink) S. Y. Kondr.
(Kondratyuk et al. 2012) Syn.: Lecanora
bipruinosa
crustacea (Savicz) S. Y. Kondr.
(Kondratyuk et al. 2012) Syn.: Lecanora crustacea
dispersoareolata (Körber) S. Y.
Kondr. (Kondratyuk et al. 2012) Syn.:
Lecanora dispersoareolata
garovaglii (Körber) Arup, Zhao Xin
& Lumbsch (Zhao et al. 2016) Syns.: Lecanora cascadensis, L. garovaglii,
L. nevadensis, L. muralis var. garovaglii
geiserae (B. D. Ryan) S. Y. Kondr.
(Kondratyuk et al. 2012) Syn.: Lecanora
geiserae
gyrophorica (Lendemer) S. Y. Kondr.
(Kondratyuk et al. 2013) Syn.: Lecanora
gyrophorica
kofae (B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash)
(Kondratyuk et al. 2012) Syn.: Lecanora
kofae
laatokkaensis (Räsänen) Moberg &
R. Sant. Syn.: Lecanora laatokkaensis
mazatzalensis (B. D. Ryan & T.
H. Nash) S. Y. Kondr. (Kondratyuk et al. 2013)
Syn.: Lecanora mazatzalensis
muralis (Schreber) M. Choisy (Zhao et al. 2016) Syns.: Lecanora diffracta, L. muralis, L.
muralis var. diffracta, L. muralis var. saxicola, L. saxicola, L. versicolor
peltata (Ramond) Arup, Zhao Xin
& Lumbsch (Zhao et al. 2016) Syns.:
Rhizoplaca peltata, Lecanora peltata
pinguis (Tuck.) S. Y. Kondr.
(Kondratyuk et al. 2013) Syn.: Lecanora
pinguis
PROTOTHELENELLA Räsänen
corrosa (Körber) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Syns.: Microglaena corrosa, Thelenella
humilis
*crocea (Bagl. & Carestia)
Haffelner & H. Mayrhofer (Spribille et al. 2010)
leucothelia (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt (Goward et al.
1996)
pluriseptata Fryday (Fryday 2004a)
Syn.: Gongylia muscorum
*santessonii
H. Mayrhofer
sphinctrinoidella (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt (Mayrhofer
1987)
sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Syns.: Microglaena sphinctrinoides,
Verrucaria pernigrata
PROTOUNGUICULARIA Raitv. & R. Galán
*fasciculata (Etayo) Etayo Syn.: Unguiculariopsis fasciculata (Diederich
et al. 2018)
*nephromatis (Zhurb. & Zavarzin)
Huhtinen, D. Hawksw. & Ihlen (Huhtinen et al. 2008) Syn.: Unguiculariopsis nephromatis
*transiens (Höhn.) Huhtinen
(Huhtinen et al. 2008)
PSEUDEPHEBE M.
Choisy
minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria minuscula
pubescens (L.) M. Choisy
Syns.: Alectoria pubescens, Ephebe pubescens, Parmelia lanata (According
to a molecular study by Boluda et al. (2016), P. pubescens has not been
confirmed for North America)
PSEUDEVERNIA Zopf
cladonia (Tuck.) Hale & W. L. Culb. Syns.: Evernia furfuracea var. cladonia, Parmelia
cladonia
consocians (Vainio) Hale & W. L. Culb.
intensa (Nyl.) Hale & W. L. Culb.
furfuracea (L.) Zopf = misidentification
for North America; records are either P. consocians or P. intensa
PSEUDOCYPHELLARIA Vainio
citrina (Gyeln.) Lücking, Moncada
& S. Stenroos (Lücking et al. 2017a)
deyi Lücking (Lücking et al. 2017a)
epiflavoides (Gyeln.) Lücking,
Farkas & Lőkös (Lücking et al. 2017a)
hawaiiensis H. Magn. (Moncada et al. 2014)
holarctica McCune, Lücking &
Moncada (Lücking et al. 2017a)
mallota (Tuck.) H. Magn. (Tønsberg 1999b) Syn.: Sticta crocata
var. mallota
punctata Lücking & Moncada (Lücking et al. 2017a)
rainierensis Imshaug
anomala Brodo & Ahti = Lobaria anomala (McCune et al.
2014b)
anthraspis
(Ach.) H. Magn. = Lobaria anthraspis (McCune et al. 2014b)
aurata
(Ach.) Vainio
= Crocodia aurata (Galloway & Elix 2013)
crocata
(L.) Vainio Misidentifications for North
America (Lücking et al. 2017a)
mougeotiana (Delise) Vainio = P. crocata, but misidentifications for North
America
perpetua
McCune & Miądl. (Miądlikowska et al. 2002) = P. hawaiiensis
(Moncada et al. 2014)
PSEUDOPARMELIA Lynge (Elix & Nash
1997)
cubensis (Nyl.) Elix & T. H. Nash (Elix & Nash
1997) Syn.: Parmelia leucochlora Tuck.
non (Mont.) Mont.
floridense Elix & T. H. Nash (Elix & Nash 1997)
uleana (Müll. Arg.) Elix & T. H. Nash (Elix & Nash
1997) Syns.: Parmelia uleana, Parmelia
endoxantha, Parmelia congrugens auct., Parmelia sphaerospora auct.
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Hale = Canoparmelia alabamensis
amazonica (Nyl.) Hale = Parmelinella amazonica
baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Fóriss) Hale = Flavoparmelia baltimorensis
caperata (L.) Hale = Flavoparmelia caperata
caroliniana (Nyl.) Hale = Canoparmelia caroliniana
crozalsiana (B. de Lesd.) Hale = Canoparmelia crozalsiana
cryptochlorophaea (Hale) Hale = Canoparmelia cryptochlorophaea
martinicana (Nyl.) Hale = Canoparmelia martinicana
rutidota (Hooker f. & Taylor) Hale = Flavoparmelia rutidota
salacinifera (Hale) Hale = Canoparmelia salacinifera
sphaerospora (Nyl.) Hale (North American records) = Pseudoparmelia uleana
texana (Tuck.) Hale = Canoparmelia texana
PSEUDOPYRENIDIUM Nav.-Ros., Zhurb.
& Cl. Roux
*tartaricola (Lindsay) Nav.-Ros.,
Zhurb. & Cl. Roux (Zhurbenko 2013)
PSEUDOPYRENULA Müll. Arg.
diluta (Fée) Müll Arg. var. degenerans Vainio
(Harris 1998)
staphyleae (Petr.) Aptroot Syn.: Massarina staphyleae (Aptroot et al.
2016)
subgregaria Müll. Arg. (Lücking et
al. 2011b)
subnudata Müll. Arg. (Lücking et al.
2011b)
pupula (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Trypethelium floridanum for North American records
PSEUDOSAGEDIA (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy (Harris 2005)
aenea (Wallr.) Hafellner & Kalb Syns.: Trichothelium aeneum, Porina aenea,
P. carpinea
cestrensis (Tuck. ex E. Michener) R. C. Harris
Syns.: Porina cestrensis, Trichothelium cestrense, Verrucaria cestrensis
chlorotica (Ach.) Hafellner & Kalb Syns.: Porina chlorotica, Trichothelium
chloroticum
crocynoides (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Trichothelium crocynoides
guentheri (Flotow) Hafellner & Kalb Syns.: Porina guentheri, Trichothelium
guentheri
isidiata (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Trichothelium isidiatum
nitidula (Müll. Arg.) Hafellner & Kalb Syns.: Porina nitidula, Trichothelium
nitidulum
rhaphidosperma (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Porina rhaphidosperma, Trichothelium
rhaphidospermum
thaxteri (R. Sant.) Hafellner & Kalb Syns.: Porina thaxteri, Trichothelium
thaxteri
linearis (Leighton) Hafellner & Kalb = Porina linearis
PSEUDOSCHISMATOMMA
Ertz & Tehler (Ertz et al. 2015b)
rufescens (Pers.) Ertz &
Tehler Syn.: Opegrapha rufescens
PSEUDOTHELOMMA
M. Prieto & Wedin (Prieto & Wedin 2017)
ocellatum (Körber) M. Prieto &
Wedin Syns.: Acolium ocellatum, Thelomma
ocellatum
occidentale (Herre) M. Prieto &
Wedin Syn.: Cyphelium occidentale, North American records of Cyphelium caliciforme
probably belong here.
PSILOLECHIA A. Massal.
clavulifera (Nyl.) Coppins
Syn.: Lecidea adirondackii
lucida (Ach.) M. Choisy
Syns.: Biatora lucida, Lecidea lucida
PSORA Hoffm.
brunneocarpa Timdal (Timdal 2002a)
californica Timdal
cerebriformis W. A. Weber
crenata (Taylor) Reinke
Syns.: Biatora crenata, Lecanora chonion, Lecidea crenata, L.
coroniformis
decipiens (Hedwig) Hoffm.
Syns.: Biatora decipiens, Lecidea decipiens
elenkinii Rass. (Zhurbenko 2009a)
globifera (Ach.) A. Massal.
Syns.: Biatora globifera, Lecidea globifera
himalayana (Church. Bab.) Timdal
hyporubescens Timdal (Timdal 2002a)
icterica (Mont.) Müll. Arg.
Syns.: Biatora icterica, Lecidea icterica
luridella (Tuck.) Fink
Syns.: Biatora luridella, Lecidea luridella
montana Timdal
nipponica (Zahlbr.) Gotth. Schneider Syn.: Lecidea novomexicana
pacifica Timdal
peninsularis Timdal (Timdal 2002a)
pruinosa Timdal (Timdal 2002a)
pseudorussellii Timdal
rubiformis (Ach.) Hooker
Syns.: Biatora globifera var. rubiformis, Lecidea rubiformis
russellii (Tuck.) A. Schneider
Syns.: Lecidea russellii, Biatora russellii
tenuifolia Timdal
tuckermanii R. A. Anderson ex Timdal
vallesiaca (Schaerer) Timdal
anthracophila (Nyl.) Arnold = Carbonicola anthracophila
demissa (Rutstr.) Hepp = Lecidoma demissum
friesii (Ach.) Hellbom = Xylopsora friesii
lurida (Ach.) DC. = Romjularia lurida
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = P. nipponica
ostreata Hoffm. = Hypocenomyce scalaris
petri (Tuck.) Fink = Romjularia lurida
pulcherrima (Vainio) Elenkin = Anamylopsora pulcherrima
rufonigra (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Psorula rufonigra
scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) Hooker = Hypocenomyce scalaris
scholanderi (Lynge) R. A. Anderson = Kiliasia
tristis
scotopholis (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Miriquidica scotopholis
testacea (Hoffm.) Ach. = Psora testacea, but not included in the North American
flora.
texana W. A. Weber = Xanthopsorella texana
PSORINIA Gotth. Schneider
conglomerata (Ach.) Gotth. Schneider Syn.: Toninia
conglomerata
PSOROGLAENA Müll. Arg.
biatorella (Arnold) Lücking &
Sérus. Syn.: Leucocarpia biatorella
(Lücking 2008)
costaricensis Henssen (Lücking et
al. 2011b)
cubensis Müll. Arg. var. cubensis
cubensis var. teretiloba O. Eriksson
dictyospora (Orange) H. Harada
(Harada 2003) Syns.: Leucocarpia
dictyospora, Macentina dictyospora
stigonemoides (Orange) Henssen
(Björk et al. 2009)
PSOROMA Michaux
cinnamomeum Malme (Jørgensen 2000c)
hypnorum (Vahl) Gray
Syn.: Pannaria hypnorum
nivale
Fryday, Elvebakk, F. L. Anderson & J. Gagnon (Fryday et al. 2019)
paleaceum (Fr.) Timdal &
Tønsberg
spinuliferum Elvebakk & Tønsberg
(Elvebakk & Tønsberg 2018)
tenue Henssen var. boreale Henssen
hirsutulum Nyl. (Jørgensen 2005)
= P. paleaceum (Timdal & Tønsberg 2006)
palmulata Michaux (Tuckerman 1882) = Anaptychia palmulata
PSOROTICHIA A. Massal.
hassei Fink ex J. Hedrick
minuta H. Magn.
montinii (A. Massal.) Forssell
(Schultz 2007c)
murorum A. Massal. (Schultz 2007c)
nigra H. Magn.
schaereri (A. Massal.) Arnold
Syn.: Pyrenopsis schaereri
taurica (Nyl.) Vainio (Schultz 2007c)
vermiculata (Nyl.) Forssell (Knudsen
et al. 2017)
numidella (Nyl.) Forssell var. flageyana J. Steiner Erroneously listed here; reported only from
Mexico (Schulz 2007c)
segregata
(Nyl. ex Hasse) Hasse = Lempholemma chalazanum
squamulosa
Zahlbr. = Gloeoheppia squamulosa
PSORULA Gotth. Schneider
#rufonigra
(Tuck.) Gotth. Schneider Syns.: Biatora
rufonigra, Lecidea rufonigra, L. brouardii, Psora rufonigra
scotopholis (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneider = Miriquidica scotopholis
PTERYGIOPSIS Vainio
atra Vainio
canariensis Henssen (Schultz 2006)
cava M. Schultz (Schultz 2006)
neglecta (Erichsen) M. Schultz &
Thüs ined. Syn.: Forsellia neglecta
(Lewis 2014)
PTERYGIUM Nyl.
petersii Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Placynthium petersii
PTYCHOGRAPHA Nyl. (McCune 1997b)
xylographoides Nyl. (McCune 1997b)
PULVINORA
Davydov, Yakovczenko & Printzen ( Davydov et al. 2021)
pringlei (Tuck.) Davydov, Yakovczenko, Hollinger, Bungartz &
Printzen (Davydov et al. 2021) Syns.:
Lecanora pringlei, Lecidea pringlei
PUNCTELIA Krog
appalachensis (W. L. Culb.) Krog Syn.: Parmelia appalachensis
bolliana (Müll. Arg.) Krog
Syns.: Parmelia bolliana, P. frondifera
borreri (Sm.) Krog
Syns.: Parmelia borreri, P. pseudoborreri
caseana Lendemer & Hodkinson (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2010)
eganii Hodkinson & Lendemer (Hodkinson & Lendemer 2011)
graminicola (B. de Lesd.) Egan Syns.: Parmelia graminicola, P. semansiana
(Egan 2003)
hypoleucites (Nyl.) Krog Syn.:
Parmelia hypoleucites
jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb (Lendemer & Hodkinson 2010)
missouriensis G. Wilh. &
Ladd (Adler 1997, van Herk & Aptroot 2000, Aptroot 2003)
nashii Marcelli & Canêz
(Marcelli et al. 2011)
perreticulata (Räsänen) G. Wilh. & Ladd Syn.: Parmelia perreticulata
punctilla (Hale) Krog
reddenda (Stirton) Krog
Syn.: Parmelia reddenda
rudecta (Ach.) Krog
Syn.: Parmelia rudecta, P. borreri var. rudecta
stictica (Duby) Krog
Syn.: Parmelia stictica
subpraesignis (Nyl.) Krog
Syn.: Parmelia subpraesignis
darrowi (J. W. Thomson) Krog = Flavopunctelia darrowi
flaventior (Stirton) Krog = Flavopunctelia flaventior
praesignis (Nyl.) Krog = Flavopunctelia praesignis
semansiana (W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.) Krog = P. graminicola
soredica (Nyl.) Krog = Flavopunctelia soredica
subrudecta
(Nyl.) Krog = misidentification for North America (Lendemer & Hodkinson
2010)
ulophylla (Ach.) van Herk & Aptroot (Tucker et al. 2006) = P. jeckeri
(Lendemer & Hodkinson 2010)
PUTTEA S. Stenroos & Huhtinen
caesia (Fr.) M. Svensson & T.
Sprib. (Dillman et al. 2012) Syn.:
Lecidea symmictella
exsequens (Nyl.) Printzen &
Davydov (Buck & Lendemer 2012)
margaritella (Hulting) S. Stenroos
& Huhtinen (Spribille et al. 2010)
PYCNORA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
praestabilis (Nyl.) Hafellner
Syn.: Hypocenomyce praestabilis
sorophora (Vainio) Hafellner
Syn.: Hypocenomyce sorophora
xanthococca (Sommerf.) Hafellner Syns.: Hypocenomyce xanthococca, Lecidea
xanthococca
leucococca (R. Sant.) R. Sant.
(Santesson et al. 2004) = Toensbergia leucococca
PYCNOTHELIA Dufour
papillaria Dufour Syns.: Cladonia heteromorpha, C. papillaria
cladinoides Nyl. = Cladonia caroliniana (Ahti & Brodo 1981)
PYCNOTREMA Rivas Plata & Lucking
pycnoporellum (Nyl.) Rivas Plata & Lücking Syn.: Myriotrema pycnoporellum (Lücking et
al. 2016)
PYRENASTRUM
Eschw. = PYRENULA
astroideum (Fée) Eschw. = Pyrenula astroideum
cubanum Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula cubana
fuscum Mont. = Pyrenula septicollaris
pyrenastraeum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula septicollaris
ravenelii Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Pyrenula ravenelii
PYRENIDIUM Nyl.
*actinellum Nyl.
*aggregatum K. Knudsen &
Kocourk. (Knudsen & Kocourková 2010g)
*hyalosporum Alstrup, D. Hawksw.
& R. Sant. = Zwackhiomacromyces hyalosporus (Diederich et al. 2018)
*octosporum
Looman = Thelenella muscorum var. octospora
PYRENOCARPON Trevisan
thelostomum (Ach. ex J. Harriman)
Coppins & Aptroot (Dillman et al. 2012)
PYRENOCOLLEMA Reinke
atlanticum (Vainio) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
caesium (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
prospersellum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia prospersella
tichothecioides (Arnold) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia tichothecioides
elegans R. Sant. = Collemopsidium elegans
halodytes (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Collemopsidium halodytes
strontianense (Swinscow) R. C. Harris = Collemopsidium angermannicum
sublitorale (Leighton) R. C. Harris ex Fletcher = Collemopsidium sublitorale
PYRENODESMIA A. Massal. (Arup et al. 2013)
variabilis (Pers.) A. Massal. Syn.: Caloplaca variabilis, Placodium
variabile
albovariegata B. de Lesd. = Caloplaca albovariegata
elaeodes E. D. Rudolph = Caloplaca pellodella
montana B. de Lesd. = a Caloplaca sp.
PYRENOPSIDIUM (Nyl.) Forssell = CRYPTOTHELE
granuliforme (Nyl.) Forssell = Cryptothele granuliformis
homoeopsis (Nyl.) Forssell = Pyrenopsis furfurea
iivarensis (Vainio) Forssell (Thomson 1997) = Pyrenopsis furfurea (Henssen
& Jørgensen 1990; Santesson 1993)
PYRENOPSIS (Nyl.) Nyl.
compacta Willey
furfurea (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
Syns.: Pyrenopsidium homoeopsis, P. iivarensis
fuscoatra Fink
grumulifera Nyl.
haemaleella (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell
haematina P. M. Jörg. & Henssen
(Spribille et al. 2010)
lecideella Fink ex J. Hedrick
phaeococca Tuck.
polycocca (Nyl.) Tuck.
portoricensis Zahlbr. (fide
Perlmutter, see appendix)
reducta Th. Fr. (Hutten et al. 2013)
sanguinea Anzi
subareolata Nyl. (Schultz 2009)
subfuliginea Nyl.
tasmanica Nyl.
triptococca Nyl. (Schultz 2007d)
viridirufa Tuck.
corallina Willey in Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
granatina (Sommerf.) Nyl. = Euopsis granatina
granuliformis (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Cryptothele granuliforme
homoeopsis Nyl. = P. furfurea
melambola (Tuck.) Tuck. = Metamelanea melambola
"multispora E. Dahl" Report probably refers to P. myriospora E. Dahl
= P. grumulifera
myriospora E. Dahl = P. grumulifera
phylliscina (Tuck.) Tuck. = Cryptothele permiscens
pulvinata (Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Euopsis pulvinata
schaereri A. Massal. = Psorotichia schaereri
PYRENOTHAMNIA Tuck. = ENDOCARPON
brandegei (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Staurothele
pulvinata
spraguei Tuck. = Staurothele pulvinata
PYRENOTHRIX Riddle
nigra Riddle Syn.:
Lichenothrix riddlei
PYRENOTRICHUM Mont.
splitgerberi Mont. = campylidia of lichens
PYRENULA A. Massal.
acutalis R. C. Harris
acutispora Kalb & Hafellner (Aptroot 1996)
adacta Fée (Aptroot 2012)
anomala (Ach.) Vainio
Syns.: Melanotheca anomala, M. achariana
aspistea (Ach.) Ach.
astroidea (Fée) R. C. Harris
Syn.: Parmentaria astroidea
atrolaminata R. C. Harris (Aptroot 1996)
bahiana Malme (Aptroot 2012)
balia (Kremp.) R. C. Harris (Aptroot
2012)
breutelii (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot
(Aptroot 2012) Syn.:
Anthracothecium maculare
brunnea Fée (Lücking et al. 2011b)
caryae R. C. Harris (Aptroot 1996)
cerina Eschw.
chlorospila (Nyl.) Arnold (Aptroot
2012)
circumfiniens Vainio (Aptroot
2012) Syn.: Parathelium subferrugineum
clavatispora Common & Aptroot
(Aptroot & Common 2017)
cocoes Müll. Arg.
confinis (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
confoederata R. C. Harris
cruenta (Mont.) Vainio
Syns.: Melanotheca cruenta, M. subincruenta, Trypethelium cruentum
cruentata (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Bottaria cruentata
cubana (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Pyrenastrum cubanum
cuyabensis (Malme) R. C. Harris Syn.: Parathelium cuyabense
dermatodes (Borrer) Schaerer
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
dissimulans (Müll. Arg.) R. C.
Harris (Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
duplicans (Nyl.) Aptroot (Lücking et
al. 2011b)
erumpens R. C. Harris Syn.: Parathelium emergens
fetivica (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
(Aptroot 2012)
globifera (Eschw.) Aptroot (Lücking
et al. 2011b)
laetior Müll. Arg. (Harris 1995a)
laevigata (Pers.) Arnold
leucostoma Ach. Syns.:
Anthracothecium leucostomum, Parmentaria rappii
macounii R. C. Harris
mamillana (Ach.) Trevisan (fide R. Harris)
micheneri R. C. Harris
microcarpa Müll. Arg.
microtheca R. C. Harris
Syn.: Parathelium microcarpum
minor Fée (Seavey & Seavey
2014a)
nitidula (Bres.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
novemseptata Vainio (Aptroot
2012) Syn.: Anthracothecium varians
occidentalis (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris
ochraceoflava (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Anthracothecium ochraceoflavum
ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Anthracothecium ochraceoflavens
oleosa R. C. Harris
parvinuclea (Meyen & Flotow)
Aptroot (Seavey & Seavey 2014a)
papillifera (Nyl.) Aptroot (Aptroot
2012)
pleiomera (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Seavey
& Seavey 2014a)
pseudobufonia (Rehm) R. C. Harris
punctella (Nyl.) Trevisan
pyrenuloides (Mont.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Anthracothecium pyrenuloides
quassiicola Fée
ravenelii (Tuck.) R. C. Harris
Syns.: Parmentaria ravenelii, Pyrenastrum ravenelii
rubrostoma R. C. Harris
schiffneri (Zahlbr.) Aptroot (Aptoot 2012)
Syn. Anthracothecium falsarium
septicollaris (Eschw.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Pyrenastrum fuscum, P. pyrenastraeum
sexlocularis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
subelliptica (Tuck.) R. C. Harris
subgregantula Müll. Arg. (Aptroot
2012)
tenuisepta R. C. Harris
thelomorpha Tuck. Syn.:
Anthracothecium thelomorphum
wetmorei R. C. Harris
wheeleri R. C. Harris
aggregata (Fée) Fée (Mohr 1901) = misidentification for North America
aquila
R. C. Harris = P. aspistea (Aptroot 2012)
caraibica
Aptroot & Etayo (Etayo & Aptroot 2003) = Pyrenula adacta (Aptroot 2012)
cerasi (Schrader) Hepp = Arthopyrenula cerasi
cinchonae (Ach.) Tuck. (Mohr 1901) = Constrictolumina cinchonae
cinerea Zahlbr. = P. microcarpa
cinerella (Nyl.) Branth & Rostrup (Claassen 1912) = Microthelia micula
citriformis
R. C. Harris = P. fetivica (Aptroot 2012)
claudestina Ach. (Fink 1935) Typographic
error for Pyrenula clandestina Ach. = Ocellularia clandestine (Ach.) Müll. Arg., an apparent misidentification for N. America
concatervans
(Nyl.) R. C. Harris = P. sexlocularis (Aptroot 2012)
corticata
(Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = P. confinis (Aptroot 2012)
falsaria
(Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = P. schiffneri (Aptroot 2012)
farrea auct. = Eopyrenula leucoplaca, but a misidentification for North America
fulvella R. C. Harris = P. subgregantula
glabrata (Ach.) A. Massal. = P. laevigata
herrei Fink = Arthopyrenia plumbaria
imperfecta (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = P. subelliptica
leucoplaca (Wallr.) Körber = Eopyrenula leucoplaca, but a misidentification for
North America
leucoplaca var. pluriloculata Fink = Eopyrenula intermedia
lucifera
R. C. Harris = Pyrenula dermatodes (Aptroot 2012)
macularis
(Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = P. breutelii (Aptroot 2012)
maculata
(R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris = P. chlorospila (Aptroot 2012)
mamillana (Ach.) Trevisan = misidentification for North America
marginata Hooker = P. mamillana
martinicana (Vainio) R. C. Harris = P. adacta
megalospora Fink = Acrocordia megalospora
mucosa
(Vainio) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) = P. papillifera (Aptroot 2012)
neglecta R. C. Harris = P. pseudobufonia
nitida (Weigel) Ach. = misidentification for North America
nitidella (Flörke ex Schaerer) Müll. Arg. var. maculata R. C. Harris = P.
chlorospila (Aptroot 2012)
pachycheila Tuck. (Tuckerman 1872) = Anthracothecium pachycheilum
personata
(Malme) R. C. Harris = P. subgregantula (Aptroot 2012)
pinguis (Sprengel) Fée = misidentification for North America
plittii
R. C. Harris = P. nitidula (Aptroot 2012)
pulicina Nyl. (Fink 1935) Not located in
any available source (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1872) = Polymeridium quinqueseptatum
reebiae Aptroot & Gueidan (Gueidan et al. 2016) = P. leucostoma (Lendemer
& Harris 2016)
santensis
(Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = P. balia (Aptroot 2012)
subaggregata Müll. Arg. Not in North
America
subferruginea
(Malme) R. C. Harris = P. circumfiniens (Aptroot 2012)
subprostans (Nyl.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1872) = Anisomeridium subprostans
texana Tuck. ex R. C. Harris = P. microcarpa
tropica (Ach.) Trevisan = Nigrovothelium tropicum
xyloides (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. = P. mamillana
PYRENULELLA Fink = PHAEOSPORA
*endococcoidea (Nyl.) Fink = Phaeospora rimosicola
PYRGILLUS Nyl.
javanicus (Mont. & Bosch) Nyl.
americanus Nyl. = P. javanicus
PYRRHOSPORA Körber
quernea (Dickson) Körber
Syns.: Biatora quernea, Lecidea quernea, Protoblastenia quernea
cinnabarina
(Sommerf.) M. Choisy = Ramboldia cinnabarina
elabens
(Fr.) Hafellner = Ramboldia elabens
gowardiana
T. Sprib. & Hauck (Spribille & Hauck 2003) = Ramboldia gowardiana
russula
(Ach.) Hafellner = Ramboldia russula
subcinnabarina
(Tønsberg) Hafellner = Ramboldia subcinnabarina
varians
(Ach.) R. C. Harris = Lecidea varians
PYXINE Fr.
albovirens (G. Meyer) Aptroot
berteriana (Fée) Imshaug
Syn.: Physcia meissneri
caesiopruinosa (Nyl.) Imshaug (Amtoft 2002)
cocoes (Sw.) Nyl. Syn.:
Physcia cocoes
coralligera Malme
eschweileri (Tuck.) Vainio
meissneriana Nyl. (Nash et al. 1998)
petricola Nyl.
retirugella Nyl.
sorediata (Ach.) Mont.
Syn.: Physcia sorediata
subcinerea Stirton (Amtoft
2002)
chrysanthoides Vainio = P. subcinerea
cocoes (Sw.) Nyl. var. meissneri (Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Pyxine
berteriana
cocoes var. sorediata Ach.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Pyxine sorediata
daedalea Krog & R. Sant. = misidentification for North America
frostii Tuck. = Dirinaria frostii
meissneri Tuck. = P. berteriana
picta (Sw.) Tuck. = Dirinaria picta
picta var. erythrocardia Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Dirinaria picta
pringlei Imshaug = P. petricola
sorediata f. eschweileri Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = P. eschweileri
Return
To Introduction or go to: A B
C D E
F G H
I J K
L M N
O P R
S T U
V W X
Z References Cited
RACIBORSKIOMYCES Siemaszko (Diederich 2003)
*peltigericola
(D. Hawksw.) M. E. Barr = Niesslia peltigericola (Gams et al. 2019)
RACODIUM Pers. : Fr.
rupestre Pers. Syn.:
Coenogonium rupestris
RAESAENENIA D. Hawksw., Boluda & H. Lindgr.
*huuskonenii (Räsänen) D. Hawksw.,
Boluda & H. Lindgr. Syn.: Phacopsis
huuskonenii (Divakar et al. 2015)
RAMALINA Ach.
ahtii Kashiw. & T. H. Nash
almquistii Vainio Syn.:
Fistulariella almquistii
americana Hale Earlier
North American reports of R. fastigiata belong here.
baltica Lettau
bistorta Nyl.
calicaris (L.) Fr.
canariensis J. Steiner
celastri (Sprengel) Krog & Swinscow
complanata (Sw.) Ach.
culbersoniorum LaGreca (LaGreca 1999)
dasypoga Tuck.
dendriscoides Nyl.
denticulata Nyl.
dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. Syn.:
Fistulariella minuscula
farinacea (L.) Ach.
fastigiata (Pers.) Ach.
Earlier reports of this species from North America refer to R. americana
fraxinea (L.) Ach.
geniculata Hooker f. & Taylor Syn.: Fistulariella
geniculata
inflata (Hooker f. & Taylor) Hooker f. & Taylor subsp.
inflata Syn.:
Fistulariella inflata
intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl.
labiosorediata Gasparyan, Sipman
& Lücking (Gasparyan et al. 2017)
lacera (With.) J. R. Laundon
leptocarpha Tuck.
leptosperma Nyl. (Seavey & Seavey
2014a)
linearis (Sw.) Ach.
menziesii Taylor
montagnei De Not.
obtusata (Arnold) Bitter
paludosa B. J. Moore
peruviana Ach. Syn.: Desmazieria peruviana
petrina Bowler & Rundel
polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach.
puberulenta Riefner & Bowler
ramificans F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey et al. 2017)
rigida Pers. ex Ach.
roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaerer) Hue Syn.: Fistulariella roesleri
sarahae K. Knudsen, Lendemer &
Kocourk. (Knudsen et al. 2018b)
scoparia Vainio Syn.:
Fistulariella scoparia
sinensis Jatta
sonorensis Kashiw. & T. H. Nash (Kashiwadani & Nash 2004)
sorediantha Nyl.
stenospora Müll. Arg.
subleptocarpha Rundel & Bowler
subpellucida Müll. Arg.
tenuis (Tuck.) G. Merr.
thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. Syn.: Alectoria thrausta
unifolia J. W. Thomson
usnea (L.) R. Howe
willeyi R. Howe
canaliculata (Fr.) Herre (Fink 1935) = Ramalina calicaris (Nimis &
Martellos 2003)
cephalota Tuck. = Niebla cephalota
ceruchis (Ach.) De Not. = Niebla ceruchis
cochlearis Zahlbr. = misidentification
for North America
combeoides Nyl. = Niebla combeoides
crinita Tuck. = Trichoramalina crinita
cuspidata (Ach.) Nyl. (Fink 1935) = misidentification for North America
duriaei (De Not.) Bagl. = R. lacera
ecklonii auct. = R. celastri
ecklonii (Sprengel) G. Meyer & Flotow
Not known from North America.
evernioides Nyl. = R. lacera
flaccescens Nyl. = Niebla flaccescens
homalea Ach. = Niebla homalea
hypoprotocetrarica W. L. Culb. = R. farinacea laevigata Fr. = R. celastri
menziesii Tuck. non Taylor = R. leptocarpha
minuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. = R. dilacerata
pollinaria
(Westr.) Ach. North American records
apparently R. labiosorediata
pollinariella Nyl. = R. roesleri
populina (Hoffm.) Vainio = R. fastigiata
pusilla Le Prévost var. geniculata (Hook.
f. & Taylor) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Ramalina inflata subsp. inflata
reagens (B. de Lesd.) W. L. Culb. = R. farinacea
reticulata (Nöhden) Kremp. = R. menziesii
scopulorum (Retz.) Ach. (Fink 1935) =
misidentification for North America
subampliata (Nyl.) Fink = misidentification for North America
subfraxinea Nyl. (Fink 1935) = misidentification for North America
testudinaria Nyl. = Niebla homalea
usneoides (Ach.) Fr. (Fink 1935) = misidentification for North America
yemensis (Ach.) Nyl. = R. celastri
RAMBOLDIA Kantvilas & Elix
blochiana Lendemer & R. C.
Harris (Lendemer & Harris 2011)
cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Kalb, Lumbsch
& Elix Syns.: Biatora cinnabarina,
Lecidea cinnabarina, Protoblastenia cinnabarina (Kalb et al. 2008)
elabens (Fr.) Kantvilas & Elix
(Kantvilas & Elix 2007) Syns.:
Lecidea elabens, L. melancheima, Pyrrhospora elabens
gowardiana (T. Sprib. & Hauck)
Kalb, Lumbsch & Elix Syn.:
Pyrrhospora gowardiana (Kalb et al. 2008)
russula (Ach.) Kalb, Lumbsch &
Elix Syns.: Biatora russula, Lecidea
russula, Protoblastenia russula, Pyrrhospora russula (Kalb et al. 2008)
subcinnabarina (Tønsberg) Kalb,
Lumbsch & Elix Syns.: Lecidea
subcinnabarina, Pyrrhospora subcinnabarina (Kalb et al. 2008)
RAMONIA Stizenb.
ablephora (Nyl. ex Hasse) R. C. Harris Syns.: Lecidea ablephora
absconsa (Tuck.) Vězda
extensa Lendemer, K. Knudsen &
Coppins (Lendemer et al. 2009a)
gyalectiformis (Zahlbr.) Vězda
malmei Vězda
melathelia (Nyl.) Ertz (Ertz et al.
2021b)
microspora Vězda
Syn.: Biatorella rappii
rappii Vězda
valenzueliana (Mont.) Stizenb. Syns.: Gyalecta valenzueliana,
Maronea porinoidea
vermispora Lendemer & K. Knudsen
(Lendemer & Knudsen 2008a)
REBENTISCHIA P. Karsten
+massalongoi (Mont.)
Sacc. (Perlmutter et al. 2017)
RECHINGERIA
Servít = LICHINELLA
cribellifera (Nyl.) Servít = Lichinella cribellifera
RECONDITELLA Matzer & Hafellner
*physconiarum Matzer & Hafellner
(Lendemer et al. 2009b)
REDONOGRAPHA Lücking, Tehler & Lumbsch
(Lücking et al. 2013a)
saxorum (Egea & Torrente) Lücking & Tehler Syn. : Graphis saxorum (Lücking et al.
2013a)
REFRACTOHILUM D. Hawksw.
*galligenum D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*peltigerae (Keissler) D. Hawksw.
REICHLINGIA Diederich & Scheid. (Morse
& Ladd 2021)
americana C. A. Morse & Ladd
REIMNITZIA Kalb
santensis (Tuck.) Kalb
Syns.: Leptotrema santense, Thelotrema santense (Kalb 2001)
REINKELLA Darb. (Tehler et al. 1997)
californica Räsänen = Hubbsia californica
parishii Hasse = Schizopelte parishii (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
subcrustacea Räsänen = Schizopelte parishii (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
RELICINA (Hale & Kurok.) Hale
abstrusa (Vainio) Hale
Syn.: Parmelia abstrusa
eximbricata (Gyelnik) Hale
Syn.: Parmelia eximbricata
REQUIENELLA Fabre
subcollapsa (Ellis & Everhart) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
#seminuda
(Pers. : Fr.) Boise (Aptroot 1991)
European, according to Harris (1995a)
RHABDODISCUS Vainio (Rivas Plata et al. 2012)
emersus (Kremp.) Rivas Plata,
Lücking & Lumbsch Syns.: Ocellularia
emersa, Stegobolus emersus
granulosus (Tuck.) Rivas Plata,
Lücking & Lumbsch Syns.: Ocellularia
granulosa, Stegobolous granulosus, Thelotrema granulosum
RHABDOSPORA
(Durieu & Mont.) Mont.
lecanorae B. de Lesd. = pycnidia of
Lecanora thalli (Hawksworth 1981, Kalb et al. 1995)
RHAGADOSTOMA Körber
*lichenicola (De Not.) Keissler (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
RHEXOPHIALE Th. Fr.
rhexoblephara (Nyl.) Almq. (Tuckerman 1882) Syn.: Gyalecta rhexoblephara
RHIZOCARPON Ramond ex DC.
alaxense J. W. Thomson
alpicola (Anzi) Rabenh.
Syn.: Buellia alpicola
amphibium (Fr.) Th. Fr. (Hinds et al. 2002)
anaperum (Vainio) Vainio
anseris Lynge
arctogenum Gelting (Nash et al. 1998)
atroflavescens Lynge
#atrovirellum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (McCune et al. 2014b)
badioatrum (Flörke ex Sprengel) Th. Fr. Syn.: Buellia badioatra
bolanderi (Tuck.) Herre
Syn.: Buellia bolanderi
caesium Fryday (Fryday 2002)
chioneum (Norman) Th. Fr.
cinereonigrum Vainio
cinereovirens (Müll. Arg.) Vainio
concentricum (Davies) Beltr.
cookeanum H. Magn.
copelandii (Körber) Th. Fr.
#dimelaenae
Timdal (Feuerer & Timdal 2004)
#diploschistidina McCune
(Lumbsch et al. 2011)
disporum (Nägeli ex Hepp) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Buellia petraea var. montagnei
distinctum Th. Fr.
#effiguratum
(Anzi) Th. Fr.
eupetraeoides (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell
eupetraeum (Nyl.) Arnold
expallescens Th. Fr.
ferax H. Magn.
frigidum Räsänen
geminatum Körber
geographicum (L.) DC.
Syn.: Buellia geographica
grande (Flörke ex Flotow) Arnold Syn.: Buellia petraea var grandis
haidense
Brodo & Fryday (Spribille et al. 2020)
hensseniae Brodo
hochstetteri (Körber) Vainio S yns.: Buellia atroalba auct.,
B. colludens, Lecidea colludens, Rhizocarpon colludens
inarense (Vainio) Vainio
infernulum (Nyl.) Lynge (Fryday 2002)
intermediellum Räsänen
intersitum Arnold
jemtlandicum (Malme) Malme
lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl.
lecanorinum Anders
Syn.: Buellia geographica var. Lecanorina
leptolepis Anzi (McCune et al. 2018)
lindsayanum Räsänen
Possibly a subspecies of R. geographicum
macrosporum Räsänen
microsporum Lynge
norvegicum Räsänen
oederi (Weber) Körber
Syn.: Buellia oederi
#parvum
Runemark May
not be distinct from R. norvegicum
petraeum (Wulfen) A. Massal.
Syn.: Buellia petraea
polycarpoides Degel.
polycarpum (Hepp) Th. Fr.
postumum (Nyl.) Arnold
praebadium (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
#pusillum Runemark
quinonum McCune, Timdal & Bendiksby
(McCune et al. 2016)
reductum Th. Fr. (Fryday 2000)
#renneri
Poelt
ridescens
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Brinker 2020)
riparium Räsänen
Possibly a subspecies of R. geographicum
rittokense (Hellbom) Th. Fr.
Syn.: Buellia rittokensis
rubescens Th. Fr. (Fryday 2000)
saanaënse Räsänen Syn.:
R. sublucidum
#santessonii Timdal
saurinum (W. A. Weber) Bungartz Syn.:
Buellia saurina (Bungartz & Fryday 2004)
simillimum (Anzi) Lettau
sinense
Zahlbr. (McCune et al. 2018)
subgeminatum Eitner
sublavatum Fryday (McCune 2017)
submodestum (Vainio) Vainio
subpostumum (Nyl.) Arnold (McCune
2017)
sulphurosum (Tuck. ex Willey)
Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2010) Syn.:
Buellia bolanderi var. sulphurosa
suomiense Räsänen (MacDonald et al.
2011)
#superficiale
(Schaerer) Vainio
superficiale subsp. boreale Runemark
tetramerum (Vainio) Vainio
timdalii Ihlen & Fryday (Ihlen & Fryday 2002)
umbilicatum (Ramond) Flagey
vernicomoideum Fink
#viridiatrum
(Wulfen) Körber
albineum (Tuck.) Fink = R. obscuratum
alboatrum (Hoffm.) Anzi = Diplotomma alboatrum
applanatum (Fr.) Th. Fr. (Hambleton 1910)
Probable misidentification of R. hochstetteri
athalloides (Nyl.) Hasse =
Diploschistella athalloides
ambiguum (Schaerer) Zahlbr. = R. distinctum
atroalbescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = R. eupetraeoides
chionophilum Th. Fr. = R. alpicola
chlorophaeum Hepp ex Leighton = Diplotomma chlorophaeum
colludens (Nyl.) Fryday (Mohr 1901) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri
concentricum auct. = R. petraeum
concretum (Ach.) Elenkin = R. geminatum
crystalligenum Lynge = R. superficiale subsp. boreale
cumulatum J. W. Thomson = Diplotomma venusta (as Buellia, Feuerer 1991)
disporum auct. = R. geminatum
infernulum f. sylvaticum Fryday (Fryday 2002) = R. infernulum
intermedium Degel. = R. eupetraeum
interponens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = R. obscuratum
malenconianum
(Llimona & Werner) Hafellner & Mayrhofer (McCune & Ponzetti 2005)
Erroneous report for N.A. (Lumbsch et al. 2011)
montagnei Körber = R. disporum
obscuratum
(Ach.) A. Massal. = misidentification for North America (Fryday 2000);
mostly R. lavatum/R. reductum
occidentale Lynge = R. superficiale
oidaleum (Nyl.) Fink = Buellia oidalea
oreites (Vainio) Zahlbr. = R. alpicola
penichrum (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Diplotomma penichrum
permodestum Arnold = R. obscuratum
plicatile auct. North American = R. rubescens Th. Fr.?
plicatile (Leighton) A. L. Sm. = Stereocaulon plicatile (Leighton) Fryday &
Coppins (Fryday & Coppins 1996) Not known from North America
polare Räsänen = R. superficiale
sphaerosporum Räsänen = R. macrosporum Räsänen
subconcentricum (Körber) Körber (Mohr 1901) = R. petraeum
sublucidum Räsänen = R. saanaënse Räsänen.
subtile Runemark = R. viridiatrum
RHIZOPLACA Zopf
chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf
Syns.: Lecanora chrysoleuca, L. rubina
glaucophana (Nyl. ex Hasse) W. A. Weber Syn.: Lecanora
glaucophana, Harpidium glaucophanum
haydenii (Tuck.) W. A. Weber Syn.: Lecanora haydenii
haydenii subsp. arbuscula Rosentreter (McCune & Rosentreter 2007)
idahoensis Rosentreter & McCune
(McCune & Rosentreter 2007)
marginalis (Hasse) W. A. Weber Syn.: Lecanora marginalis
melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt Syn.: Lecanora
melanophthalma
melanophthalma subsp. cerebriformis Rosentreter & B. D.
Ryan (McCune & Rosentreter 2007)
melanophthalma subsp. crispa Rosentreter & B. D. Ryan
(McCune & Rosentreter 2007)
nigromarginata (H. Magn.) Leavitt,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch (Zhao et al. 2016)
Syn.: Lecanora nigromarginata
novomexicana (H. Magn.) Leavitt,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch (Zhao et al. 2016)
Syns.: Lecanora novomexicana, L. thomsonii
opiniconensis (Brodo) Leavitt, Zhao
Xin & Lumbsch (Zhao et al. 2016)
Syn.: Lecanora opiniconensis
phaedrophthalma (Poelt) Leavitt,
Zhao Xin & Lumbsch (Zhao et al. 2016)
Syn.: Lecanora phaedrophthalma
subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant.
weberi (Ryan) Leavitt, Zhao Xin
& Lumbsch (Zhao et al. 2016) Syn.:
Lecanora weberi
peltata
(Ramond) Leuckert & Poelt = Protoparmeliopsis peltata
RHYMBOCARPUS Zopf
*boomii Etayo
& Diederich (Diederich & Etayo
2004a)
*cruciatus (Sherwood, D. Hawksw. & Coppins) Etayo &
Diederich (Diederich 2003)
*neglectus (Vainio) Diederich & Etayo Syn.:
Llimoniella neglecta (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*stereocaulorum (Alstrup & D.
Hawksw.) Etayo & Diederich (Zhurbenko 2010)
RICASOLIA De Not. (Moncada et al.
2013, Cornejo et al. 2017)
amplissima (Scop.) De Not. (Moncada
et al. 2013, Cornejo et al. 2017) Syns.: Leptogium bolacinum, Lobaria
amplissima, Sticta amplissima, S. glomulifera
amplissima subsp. sheiyi Derr & Dillman (Cornejo et
al. 2017)
quercizans (Michaux) Stitzenb. Syn.:
Lobaria quercizans (Cornejo et al. 2017)
crenulata Nyl. var. stenospora Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
intermedia Nyl. (Tuckerman
1882) = Lobaria intermedia, a misidentification for N.A.
RIMELIA Hale &
Fletcher = PARMOTREMA (Blanco et al.
2005)
cetrata
(Ach.) Hale
& Fletcher = Parmotrema cetratum
commensurata
(Hale) Hale & Fletcher = Parmotrema commensuratum
diffractaica
(Essl.) Hale & Fletcher = Parmotrema diffractaicum
reticulata
(Taylor) Hale & Fletcher = Parmotrema reticulatum
simulans
(Hale) Hale & Fletcher = Parmotrema simulans
subisidiosa
(Müll. Arg.) Hale & Fletcher = Parmotrema subisidiosum
RIMELIELLA Kurok. = PARMOTREMA (Blanco et al. 2005)
conferenda (Hale) Kurok. = Parmotrema conferendum
neotropica (Kurok.) Kurok. = Parmotrema neotropicum
subsumpta (Nyl.) Kurok. = Parmotrema subsumptum
subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Kurok. =
Parmotrema subtinctorium
RIMULARIA Nyl.
actinostoma Coppins & Fryday
(Coppins & Fryday 2006a)
badioatra (Kremp.) Hertel & Rambold
gibbosa (Ach.) Coppins, Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Mosigia gibbosa, Lecanora bockii
limborina Nyl. Syns.: Lecidea limborina, L. trochodes
paradoxa Timdal & W. A. Weber
(Timdal 2002b)
caeca
(J. Lowe) Rambold & Printzen = Lambiella caeca (Resl et al. 2015)
furvella
(Nyl. ex Mudd) Hertel & Rambold = Lambiella furvella (Resl et al. 2015)
gyrizans
(Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold = Lambiella gyrizans (Resl et al. 2015)
impavida
(Th. Fr.) Hertel & Rambold = Lambiella impavida (Resl et al. 2015)
#insularis
(Nyl.) Rambold & Hertel = Lambiella insularis (Spribille et al. 2014a)
sphacelata
(Th. Fr.) Hertel & Rambold = Lambiella sphacelata (Resl et al. 2015)
RINODINA (Ach.) Gray
albertana Sheard (Sheard 2010)
archaea (Ach.) Arnold
ascociscana (Tuck.) Tuck.
aspersa (Borrer) J. R. Laundon (Glew 1999)
athallina H. Magn.
austroborealis Sheard (Sheard 2010)
badiexcipula Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
bischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal.
bolanderi H. Magn.
boulderensis Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
brauniana Lendemer & Sheard
(Lendemer et al. 2019b)
brodoana Sheard, Lendemer & E.
Tripp (Lendemer et al. 2014)
brouardii B. de Lesd.
buckii Sheard (Sheard et al. 2012)
bullata Sheard & Lendemer
(Sheard et al. 2012)
calcigena (Th. Fr.) Lynge
californiensis Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
campestris Sheard & C. A. Morse
(Sheard et al. 2011)
cana (Arnold) Arnold (Wilhelm 1998)
capensis Hampe
castanomela (Nyl.) Arnold
castanomelodes H. Mayrhofer & Poelt
chrysidiata Sheard (Lendemer et al.
2012)
chrysomelaena (Ach.) Tuck. (Lendemer & Sheard 2006)
cinereovirens (Vainio) Vainio
(Sheard et al. 2017)
cinnamomea (Th. Fr.) Räsänen Syn.: Rinodina mniaraea var. cinnamomea
(Spribille et al. 2010; Resl et al. 2016)
colobina (Ach.) Th. Fr.
colobinoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
coloradiana H. Magn.
confragosa (Ach.) Körber
confragosula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
(Sheard 2010)
conradii Körber
disjuncta Sheard & Tønsberg
dolichospora Malme (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
efflorescens Malme
endophragmia I. M. Lamb
endospora Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
excrescens Vainio
exigua (Ach.) Gray
ficta (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. (Sheard
2018)
fimbriata Körber (Sheard 2010)
flavosoralifera Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2002)
freyi H. Magn. (Sheard 2010)
gennarii Bagl.
grandilocularis Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
granuligera H. Magn.
griseosoralifera Coppins (Tønsberg 1993a)
guzzinii Jatta (Sheard 2004)
hallii Tuck. Syn.
Lecanora exigua f. pruinosa
herrei H. Magn.
imshaugii Sheard (Sheard 2010)
incurva Sheard & J. Walton
(Sheard 2018)
innata Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
intermedia Bagl. (Mayrhofer et al. 2001)
intrusa (Nyl.) Malme (Sheard 2010)
juniperina Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
laevigata (Ach.) Malme
lecideina H. Mayrhofer & Poelt
(McCune 2017)
lecideopsis Sheard & C. A. Morse (Morse & Sheard 2020)
lepida (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
lobulata H. Mayrhofer & Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer
2002)
luridata (Körber) H. Mayrhofer, Scheid. & Sheard
macrospora Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
maculans Müll. Arg. (Sheard 2010)
marysvillensis H. Magn.
megistospora Sheard & H.
Mayrhofer (Sheard et al. 2011)
metaboliza Vainio
milvina (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr.
mniaroea (Ach.) Körber
mniaroeiza (Nyl.) Arnold (Resl et al. 2016)
moziana (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Lecidea destituta (Sheard 2018)
notabilis (Lynge) Sheard Syn.: Buellia notabilis (Sheard 2010)
#obnascens (Nyl.) H. Olivier (Sheard 2010)
ochracea Lynge (Sheard et al. 2012)
oleae Bagl. (Sheard 2010)
olivaceobrunnea C. W. Dodge & Baker
orculata Poelt & M. Steiner
(Mayrhofer & Sheard 2007)
oregana H. Magn.
oxydata (A. Massal.) A. Massal.
pachysperma H. Magn.
pacifica Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
pallidescens Sheard & Tønsberg
(Sheard et al. 2014)
papillata H. Magn.
#parasitica H. Mayrhofer & Poelt
perreagens Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
pityrea Ropin & H. Mayrhofer
(Sheard 2011)
poeltiana Giralt & Obermayer
(Sheard 2004)
polyspora Th. Fr.
populicola H. Magn.
pycnocarpa H. Magn. (Sheard 2010)
pyrina (Ach.) Arnold
rinodinoides (Anzi) H. Mayrhofer & Scheid. (Sheard 2004)
riparia Sheard (Sheard 1998)
roscida (Sommerf.) Arnold
santae-monicae H. Magn.
septentrionalis Malme
sheardii Tønsberg
sibirica H. Magn. (Sheard 2010)
siouxiana Sheard (Sheard 2010)
stictica Sheard & Tønsberg
straussii J. Steiner (Sheard 2010)
subminuta H. Magn.
subpariata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Resl. et
al. 2016)
tenuis Müll. Arg. (Sheard 2018)
tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre
terrestris Tomin (Zhurbenko et al.
2006)
terricola Sheard & K. Knudsen
(Sheard et al. 2011)
trevisanii (Hepp) Körber (Sheard
2004)
turfacea (Wahlenb.) Körber
venostana Buschardt & H.
Mayrhofer (Freebury 2014)
verruciformis Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
wetmorei Sheard (Sheard 2010)
willeyi Sheard & Giralt (Sheard 1995)
zwackhiana (Kremp.) Körber
adirondackii
H. Magn. = R. tenuis (Sheard 2018)
americana B. de Lesd. Identity not established (Sheard 2010)
angelica Stizenb. = Mobergia angelica
annulata H. Magn. = R. subminuta
(Sheard 2010)
applanata H. Magn. = R. maculans
(Sheard 2010)
archaeoides H. Magn. = R. olivaceobrunnea
arctica
H. Magn. = R. olivaceobrunnea (Sheard 2010)
aterrima Kremp. ex Anzi = Lichenothelia scopularia
atrocinerea (Hooker) Körber = misidentification for North America
aurantiaca
Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002) = R. capensis (Sheard 2018)
biatorina Körber = R. oxydata
biatorina sensu Fink = R. destituta (Sheard 2010)
boleana Giralt & H. Mayrhofer (Sheard et al. 2011) = R. ficta (Sheard 2018)
bolodes Tuck. ex Fink = Mobergia angelica
cacuminum (Th. Fr.) Malme = Amandinea cacuminum
calculiformis W. A. Weber = Mobergia calculiformis
californica H. Magn. = Dimelaena californica
cinereovirens (Vainio) Vainio = R. turfacea (Sheard 2010)
constans (Nyl.) Tuck. = Maronea constans
constrictula
H. Magn. = R. straussii (Sheard 2010)
corticola (Arnold) Arnold = R. capensis
dakotensis H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
darrowii E. D. Rudolph ("darrovii") = R. intermedia
degeliana
Coppins = R. subpariata (Resl. et al. 2016)
destituta
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = R. moziana (Sheard 2018)
dirinoides Zahlbr. = Mobergia angelica
diskoensis Sheard ined. (Thomson 1997) = R. endophragmia (Sheard 2010)
dissa (Stirton) H. Mayrhofer = Hafellia dissa, but not in North America
exigua var. glauca H. Magn. = R. oleae (Sheard 2010)
euryspora Zahlbr. = R. luridata
farinosa Sheard ined. (Brodo 1988) = R. efflorescens (Sheard 2010)
finkii H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
flavonigella Tuck. = R. lepida (Sheard 2010)
glauca Ropin = R. freyi (Sheard
2010)
granulans Vainio sensu Thomson
(1997) = R. sibirica (Sheard 2010)
halei H. Magn. = R. subminuta
(Sheard 2010)
hueana Vainio = Dimelaena oreina
hyperborea
H. Magn. = R. septentrionalis (Sheard 2010)
inaequalis H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
*insularis (Arnold)
Hafellner (Sheard 2004) = Endohyalina
insularis
interpolata (Stirton) Sheard
(Thomson 1997) = misidentification for N.A. (Sheard 2010)
iowensis Zahlbr. = R. cana (Sheard 2010)
kentuckyensis Fink = R. tephraspis
lecanoides B. de Lesd. Identity
not established (Sheard 2010)
lecanorina (A. Massal.) A. Massal. = misidentification for N.A. (Sheard 2010)
lecideoides
(Nyl.) Kernst. = R. archaea (Mayrhofer & Sheard 2007)
lignaria H. Magn. = R.
trevisanii
lignicola
Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002) = R. archaea (Mayrhofer & Sheard 2007)
lycopodiicola B. de Lesd. Identity not established (Sheard 2010)
lyngei Sheard ined. (Thomson 1997) = R. endophragmia (Sheard 2010)
magnussonii Sheard ined. (Brodo 1988) = R. freyi (Sheard 2010)
mamillana (Tuck.) W. A. Weber = Buellia mamillana
marysvillensis var. thujae H. Magn. = R. excrescens (Sheard 2010)
microbola Tuck. ex Fink = Buellia microbola
minutissima B. de Lesd. Identity
not established (Sheard 2010)
milliaria Tuck. = Amandinea milliaria
mniaraea var. cinnamomea = R. cinnamomea (Resl et al. 2016)
mucronatula
H.Magn. = R. terrestris
nigra Fink = Buellia nigra
nimbosa (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = Dimelaena oreina
occidentalis Lynge = R. calcigena
ocellata (Hoffm.) Arnold = R. lecanorina, but a misidentification for N.A.
(Sheard 2010)
ochrocea Willey ex Hedrick = R.
destituta (Sheard 2010)
orbata (Ach.) Vainio = R. turfacea
oreina (Ach.) A. Massal. = Dimelaena oreina
palustris Willey nom. inval. = R. populicola (Sheard 2010)
penardiana Müll. Arg. = a Buellia sp. (Sheard 2010)
pennsylvanica H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
phaeocarpa (Sommerf.) Vainio = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa
platyloba Willey = nom. nudum = Mobergia calculiformis
pyriniformis H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
radiata Tuck. = Dimelaena radiata
radiata var. fimbriata Tuck. (Tuckerman
1882) = Dimelaena radiata
roboris (Dufour ex Nyl.) Arnold Known only from Mexico
sabulosa Tuck. = R. intermedia
salina Degel. = R. gennarii
sexigua Ach. (Claassen 1912) Apparent
Freudian typographical error for R. exigua
silicicola B. de Lesd. Identity not established (Sheard 2010)
sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal. = misidentification for North America
sophodes var. atrocinerea (Fr.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882)
= Rinodina atrocinerea, a misidentification for N.A.
sophodes var. confragosa
(Ach.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Rinodina confragosa
sophodes var. exigua (Ach.)
Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Rinodina exigua
sophodes var. tephraspis
(Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Rinodina tephraspis
suboreina B. de Lesd. = Dimelaena oreina
subsophodes (Nyl. ex Lindsay)
Zahlbr. = R. ascociscana (Sheard 2010)
succedens Nyl. (Fink 1935) = apparent misidentification for North America
(Tucker & Ryan 2006)
subplumbea H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
thomae Tuck. (Fink 1935) = Buellia mamillana (Bungartz et al. 2004)
thomsonii Sheard (Sheard 1995) =
R. santae-monicae (Sheard 2010)
thujae (H. Magn.) Sheard = R. excrescens
thysanota Tuck. = Dimelaena thysanota
turfacea (Wahlenb.) Körber var. mniaroea
(Ach.) Arnold (Tuckerman 1882) = Rinodina mniaroea
turfacea var. roscida
(Sommerf.) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) = Rinodina roscida
vegasii B. de Lesd. Identity
not established (Sheard 2010)
verrucosa G. K. Merr. ex Sheard ined.
Identity uncertain (Sheard 2010)
vezdae H. Mayrhofer (Harris & Ladd 2005, Lendemer & Macklin 2006) = R.
moziana (Sheard 2018)
violascens H. Magn. = R. zwackhiana
ROBERGEA Desm.
pupula (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Belonia americana Excluded as a non-lichen
ROCCELLA DC.
decipiens Darb.
gracilis Bory (Tehler 2006)
babingtonii Mont. = R. decipiens
babingtonii
sensu auct. North American = R. gracilis (Tehler 2006)
difficilis
Darb. = R. gracilis (Tehler 2002b, 2006)
fimbriata
Darb. = R. decipiens (Tehler 2002b; Tehler et al. 2004)
fuciformis
(L.) DC. = misidentification for North
America (Tehler et al. 2004)
fucoides (Dickson) Vainio = R. phycopsis (Tehler 2002a, 2003)
leucophaea Tuck. = Dendrographa leucophaea
montagnei
Bél. = misidentification for North
America (Tehler et al. 2004)
peruensis
Kremp. = R. gracilis (Tehler 2006)
phycopsis (Ach.) Ach. =
misidentification for North America (Tehler et al. 2004)
tinctoria
DC. = misidentification for North
America (Tehler et al. 2004)
ROCCELLINA
Darb.
conformis
Tehler = Dendrographa conformis (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
franciscana
(Zahlbr. ex Herre) Follmann = Dendrographa franciscana (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
ROCKEFELLERA Lendemer & E. Tripp
crossophylla (Tuck.) Lendemer &
E. Tripp (Lendemer et al. 2017) Syns.: Parmeliella crossophylla, Pannaria
crossophylla, Santessoniella crossophylla (Jørgensen 2000c, 2005)
ROMJULARIA Timdal
lurida (Ach.) Timdal Syns.: Mycobilimbia lurida, Lecidea lurida,
L. petri, Biatora lurida, B. petri, Psora lurida (Timdal 2007)
ROPALOSPORA A. Massal.
chlorantha (Tuck.) S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia chlorantha, Biatora
chlorantha
hibernica (P. James & Poelt) Tønsberg
lugubris (Sommerf.) Poelt Syns.: Bacidia lugubris, Bilimbia
caudata, Lecidea lugubris, L. caudata
viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg
ROSELLINIELLA Vainio (Goward et al. 1996)
*atlantica Matzer & Hafellner (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
*cladoniae (Anzi) Matzer & Hafellner (Diederich 2003)
*microthelia (Wallr.) Nik. Hoffm.
& Hafellner (Kocourková 2007)
*nephromatis (Crouan) Matzer & Hafellner (Goward et al.
1996)
*peltigericola D. Hawksw. & Miądl. (Zhurbenko &
Laursen 2003)
*stereocaulorum Zhurb., Kukwa, &
Oset (Zhurbenko et al. 2009)
ROSELLINIOPSIS Matzer & Hafellner
*gelidaria (Mudd) Matzer Syn.: Polycoccum gelidarium
*tartaricola (Nyl.) Matzer (Hafellner
2004e)
*tropica Matzer & Hafellner
(Lendemer & Harris 2014b)
*ventosa
(Rostrup) Alstrup (Spribille et al. 2020)
ROSELLINULA R. Sant. (Kalb et al. 1995)
*haplospora (Nyl.) R. Sant.
(Lendemer & Harris 2012)
*kalbii (Hafellner) Hafellner & R. W. Rogers (Kalb et al.
1995)
ROSTANIA Trevisan (Otálora et al. 2014)
callibotrys (Tuck.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Collema
callibotrys
ceranisca (Nyl.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Collema
arcticum, C. ceraniscum
occultata (Bagl.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Collema
occultatum
occultata var. populina (Th. Fr.)
Perlmutter & Rivas Plata (Perlmutter & Rivas Plata 2018)
quadrifida (D. F. Stone & McCune)
McCune (McCune et al. 2014b) = Scytinium
quadrifida (Koŝuthová et al. 2019)
RUFOPLACA Arup, Søchting & Frödén (Arup et al. 2013)
arenaria (Pers.) Arup, Søchting
& Frödén Syn.: Caloplaca arenaria
oxfordensis (Fink) Arup, Søchting
& Frödén Syn.: Caloplaca oxfordensis
RUSAVSKIA S.Y. Kondr. &
Kärnefelt (Arup et al. 2013)
elegans (Link) S. Y. Kondr. &
Kärnefelt Syns.: Caloplaca elegans, C.
splendens, Placodium elegans, Xanthoria elegans
papillifera (Vainio) S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt Syn.: Xanthoria papillifera
sorediata (Vainio) S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt Syns.:
Caloplaca sorediata, Xanthoria sorediata
Return To Introduction or go to: A
B C D
E F G
H I J
K L M
N O P
R S T
U V W
X Z References
Cited
SACCOMORPHA Elenkin = PLACYNTHIELLA
hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Placynthiella hyporhoda
icmalea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Placynthiella icmalea
oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Placynthiella oligotropha
uliginosa (Schrader) Hafellner = Placynthiella uliginosa
SAGEDIA Ach. (Nordin et al. 2010)
mastrucata (Wahlenb.) A. Nordin,
Savić & Tibell Syns.: Aspicilia
mastrucata, Lecanora mastrucata
simoënsis (Räsänen) A. Nordin,
Savić & Tibell Syn: A.
simoënsis
cestrensis (Tuck.) Tuck. (Mohr 1901) = Pseudosagedia cestrensis
SAGEDIOPSIS (Sacc.) Vainio
*aquatica (Stein) Triebel (Brodo
1995)
*barbara (Th. Fr.) R. Sant. & Triebel Syn.: Gongylia
nadvornikii
*campsteriana (Lindsay) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. Syn.: Metasphaeria tartarina
*lomnitzensis (Stein) Orange
(Spribille et al. 2010)
SAGIOLECHIA A. Massal.
bairdensis Fryday (Fryday & Dillman 2021)
phaeospora Fryday & T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2020)
protuberans (Ach.) A. Massal.
rhexoblephara (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
SANGUINOTREMA Lücking
wightii (Taylor) Lücking Syn.: Leptotrema wightii, Myriotrema wightii,
Thelotrema ravenelii, T. wightii (Lücking et al. 2015)
SANTESSONIELLA Henssen (Henssen 1997)
arctophila (Th. Fr.) Henssen var. arctophila
Syn.: Parmeliella arctophila (Henssen 1997)
grisea (Hue) Henssen (Tønsberg & Henssen 1999)
crossophylla
(Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. = Rockefellera crossophylla
saximontana T. Sprib., P. M. Jørg. & M. Schultz (Spribille et al. 2007) =
Leciophysma saximontana (Ekman et al. 2014)
SARCOGRAPHA Fée
labyrinthica (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
medusulina (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
tricosa (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
intricans (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Phaeographis intricans
SARCOGYNE Flotow
albothallina K. Knudsen, T. B.
Wheeler, Kocourk. & M. Westb. (Knudsen et al. 2016)
alcesensis K.
Knudsen, J. N. Adams, Kocourk. & Y. Wang (Knudsen et al. 2020)
arenosa (Herre) Knudsen & S. M.
Standley (Knudsen 2005b) Syn.: Acarospora arenosa
bernardinensis K. Knudsen, J. N. Adams,
Kocourk. & Y. Wang (Knudsen et al. 2020)
canadensis (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen, J. N. Adams, Kocourk. & Y. Wang
(Knudsen et al. 2020) Syn.: Acarospora
canadensis
clavus (DC.) Kremp.
Syn.: Biatorella clavus
convexa K. Knudsen, J. N. Adams,
Kocourk. & Y. Wang (Knudsen et al. 2020)
crustacea K. Knudsen & Kocourk.
(Knudsen & Kocourková 2010a) Syn.: Biatorella terrena
dakotensis H. Magn.
desolata (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen &
Standley Syn.: Acarospora desolata
(Knudsen & Standley 2007)
hypophaea (Nyl.) Arnold Syn.: Biatorella hypophaea (Knudsen et al.
2013b)
hypophaeoides Vainio ex H. Magn. (Knudsen
& Kocourková 2020a)
integra B. de Lesd. ex H. Magn. (Knudsen et al. 2018a)
lapponica (Ach. Ex Schaerer) K. Knudsen
& Kocourk. (Spribille et al. 2020)
Syns.: Acarospora lapponica, Polysporina lapponica
magnussonii B. de Lesd.
mitziae K. Knudsen, Kocourk. &
McCune (Knudsen et al. 2013a)
novomexicana H. Magn.
*/#paradoxa
Kocourk. & K. Knudsen (Knudsen & Kocourková 2020b)
plicata H. Magn. (Knudsen &
Kocourková 2009a, 2011) Syn.: Biatorella plicata
*pusilla
Anzi Syn. : Polysporina pusilla (
regularis Körber Syns.:
Biatorella pruinosa
similis H. Magn.
squamosa K. Knudsen & McCune
(Knudsen & McCune 2013)
urceolata Anzi Syn. : Polysporina urceolata
wheeleri K. Knudsen, J. N. Adams, Kocourk. &
Y. Wang (Knudsen et al. 2020)
athroocarpa H. Magn. = Acarospora
badiofusca (Knudsen & Kocourková 2013)
*bicolor
H. Magn. = Acarospora
subfuscescens (Knudsen & Kocourková 2008a, Knudsen et al. 2021b)
bolleana
H. Magn. = Acarospora
bolleana (Knudsen et al. 2020)
californica H. Magn. = S. similis (Knudsen & Lendemer 2005a)
gyrocarpa H. Magn.
= Acarospora gyrocarpa (Knudsen et al. 2017)
oligospora H. Magn. = Acarospora gyrocarpa
privigna (Ach.) A. Massal. = Acarospora privigna
pruinosa auct. = S. regularis
reebiae K.
Knudsen (Knudsen & Standley 2007) = S. similis (Knudsen & Kocourková 2020c)
simplex (Davies) Nyl. = Polysporina simplex
*sphaerospora J. Steiner (Lendemer et
al. 2009b) = Acarospora lendemeri (Knudsen & Kocourková 2020c)
SARCOPYRENIA Nyl. (Harris 1995b)
*bacillosa (Nyl. ex Hasse) Nav.-Ros. & Hladun Syns.:
Hassea bacillosa, Verrucaria bacillosa (Navarro-Rosinés & Hladun
2004)
*calcarea Lendemer & R. C.
Harris (Lendemer et al. 2013)
*cylindrospora (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) M. B. Aguirre
(Harris 1995b)
SARCOSAGIUM A. Massal.
campestre (Fr.) Poetsch & Schied. Syns.: Biatora
campestris ,Biatorella campestris
SAREA Fr.
+difformis (Fr. ) Fr. Syn.: Biatora difformis
+resinae (Fr.) Kuntze Syns.: Biatora resinae,
Biatorella resinae
SAXOMYCES Sellbmann & Isola (Ametrano et al. 2019)
#americanus Ametrano, K.
Knudsen, Kocourk. & Muggia
#penninicus Zucconi &
Onofri
SCHADONIA Körber
alpina Körber Syns.: Lopadium alpinum, L. gemellum
fecunda (Th. Fr.) Vězda & Poelt Syn.: Lopadium
fecundum
SCHAERERIA Körber
brunnea Björk, T. Sprib. & T. B.
Wheeler (Spribille et al. 2009)
cinereorufa (Schaerer) Th. Fr. Syns.: Lecidea cinereorufa, L.
rugosa
corticola Muhr & Tønsberg
dolodes (Nyl.) Schmull & T.
Sprib. (Schmull & Spribille 2005)
endocyanea (Stirton) Hertel & Gotth. Schneider Syn.: Lecidea epiiodiza
fuscocinerea (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.: Aspicilia
quartzitica, Lecidea fuscocinerea, L. tenebrosa
#parasemella
(Nyl.) Lumbsch Syns.: Hafellnera
parasemella, Lecidea parasemella (Lumbsch 1997)
tenebrosa (Flotow) Hertel & Poelt = S. fuscocinerea
SCHISMATOMMA Flotow & Körber ex
A. Massal.
glaucescens (Nyl. ex Willey) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthonia
glaucescens
graphidioides (Leighton) Zahlbr.
(Lendemer & Harris 2016)
pericleum (Ach.) Branth & Rostrup Syn.: Platygrapha
periclea
rappii (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Haematomma rappii
rediunta (Hasse) Tehler Syn.: Dirina rediunta
vernans (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
Syn.: Platygrapha vernans
abietinum (Humb.) A. Massal. = S. pericleum
californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Sigridia californica
cupressum Herre = Dendrographa franciscana
decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex
Sm.) Clauz. & Vězda = Dendrographa decolorans (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
hypothallinum (Zahlbr.) Hasse = Lecanographa hypothallina
ocellatum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Mazosia ocellata
palidellum auct. = Opegrapha anguinella
pluriloculare (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr.
(Tehler 2002c) = Paraschismatomma pluriloculare (Ertz & Tehler 2011)
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Opegrapha ravenelii
subattingens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lecanactis epileuca
SCHIZOPELTE Th. Fr.
californica Th. Fr. Syn.: Combea californica
crustosa Ertz & Tehler (Ertz
& Tehler 2011) Syns.: Chiodecton californicum, Llimonaea californica,
Sclerophyton californicum
parishii (Hasse) Ertz & Tehler
(Ertz & Tehler 2011)
lumbricoides (W. A. Weber) Ertz & Tehler (Ertz & Tehler 2011) Previously regarded as a synonym of Hubbsia
californica, but when recognized as separate, it is known only from Mexico
SCLEROCOCCUM Fr.
*aeruginosum
(Holien & Ihlen) Ertz & Diederich
Syn.: Dactylospora aeruginosa (Diederich et al. 2018)
*ahtii
(Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas) Ertz & Diederich
Syn.: Dactylospora ahtii (Diederich et al. 2018)
*amygdalariae (Triebel) Ertz &
Diederich Syn.: Dactylospora
amygdalariae (Diederich et al. 2018)
*athallinum (Müll. Arg.) Ertz & Diederich Syns.: Karschia athallina, Dactylospora
athallina (Diederich et al. 2018)
*attendendum (Nyl.) Ertz &
Diederich Syn.: Dactylospora attendenda
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*boreale (Holien & Ihlen) Ertz
& Diederich (Ihlen et al. 2004a)
Syn.: Dactylospora borealis (Diederich et al. 2018)
*crassitunicatum Zhurb., Diederich
& U. Braun (Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas 2017)
*deminutum (Th. Fr.) Ertz
& Diederich Syn.: Dactylospora
deminuta (Diederich et al. 2018)
*fissurinae Pérez-Ort. (Spribille et al. 2020)
*frigidum
(Hafellner) Ertz & Diederich (Dillman et al. 2012) Syn.: Dactylospora frigida (Diederich et al.
2018)
*gelidarium Etayo & F. Berger (Spribille et al. 2020)
*glaucomarioides (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich Syns.: Buellia glaucomarioides, Leciographa
“glaucomarioidea”, Dactylospora glaucomarioides (Diederich et al. 2018)
*griseisporodochium Etayo (Brinker 2020)
*inquilinum (Tuck.) Ertz &
Diederich Syns.: Buellia inquilina, Buelliella
inquilina, Dactylospora inquilina (Diederich et al. 2018)
*lobariellum (Nyl.) Ertz &
Diederich Syns.: Buelliella nuttallii,
Dactylospora lobariella (Diederich et al. 2018)
*luridum
(Hafellner) Ertz & Diederich (Harris & Lendemer 2005) Syn.: Dactylospora lurida
*montagnei Hafellner (Diederich 2004a)
*parasiticum (Flörke ex
Sprengel) Ertz & Diederich Syns.:
Buellia parasitica, Leciographa inspersa, Sclerophyton occidentale (Diederich
et al. 2018)
*parellarium (Nyl.) Ertz &
Diederich Syn.: Dactylospora parellaria
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich Syns.: Buellia pertusariicola, Dactylospora
pertusariicola, Leciographa pertusariicola (Diederich et al. 2018)
*pleiospermum (Triebel)
Ertz & Diederich (Hafellner et al.
2002) Syn.: Dactylospora pleiosperma
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*porphyreum (Hafellner &
Kalb) Ertz & Diederich (Etayo & Breuss 1998) Syn.: Dactylospora porphyrea (Diederich et
al. 2018)
*purpurascens (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich Syn.: Dactylospora purpurascens (Diederich et
al. 2018)
*rhyparizae
(Arnold) Ertz & Diederich (Zhurbenko 2013)
Syn.: Dactylospora rhyparizae (Diederich et al. 2018)
*saxatile (Schaerer) Ertz
& Diederich Syns.: Buellia
saxatilis, Buelliella saxatilis, Dactylospora saxatilis (Diederich et al 2018)
*simplex D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*suburceolatum
(Coppins & Fryday) Ertz & Diederich (McMullin et al. 2017) Syn.: Dactylospora suburceolata (Diederich et
al. 2018)
*toensbergii Diedereich (Diederich
& van den Boom 2017)
*urceolatum (Th. Fr.) Ertz
& Diederich Syns.: Buellia
urceolata, Dactylospora urceolata, Leciographa urceolata (Diederich et al.
2018)
*parmeliae Etayo & Diederich
(Kocourková & Knudsen 2009d) = Cladophialophora parmeliae
SCLEROPHORA Chevall.
amabilis (Tibell) Tibell (Goward et al. 1996)
coniophaea (Norman) Mattsson & Middelb. (Goward et al.
1996)
farinacea (Chevall.) Chevall.
nivea (Hoffm.) Tibell Syns.: Coniocybe nivea (Hoffm.) Arnold
non Tuck. & Mont., C. pallida
peronella (Ach.) Tibell (Goward et al. 1996)
SCLEROPHYTON Eschw.
elegans Eschw. Syns.: Chiodecton inscriptum, Enterographa
elegans (Sparrius 2004b)
seriale (Ach.) Sparrius (Seavey
& Seavey 2014a)
californicum
(Tuck.) Hasse = Schizopelte crustosa
cerebriforme
Egea & Torrente = Sparria cerebriformis
inscriptum
(Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = S. elegans
occidentale
Herre = Sclerococcum parasiticum (Sparrius 2004b, Diederich et al. 2018)
SCOLICIOSPORUM A. Massal.
abietinum T. Sprib. (Spribille et
al. 2009)
chlorococcum (Stenh.) Vězda Syn.: Bacidia chlorococca
gallurae Vězda (McCune 2017)
intrusum (Th. Fr.) Hafellner
Syn.: Carbonea intrusa (Hafellner 2004c)
pensylvanicum R. C. Harris (Harris
2009)
pruinosum (P. James) Vězda (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
sarothamni (Vainio) Vězda
umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold Syns.: Bacidia umbrina, Biatora umbrina
umbrinum var. compacta (Körber) Vězda
SCULPTOLUMINA Marbach
japonica (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia japonica (Giralt et al. 2009)
SCUTULA Tul.
circumspecta (Vainio) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia circumspecta (Kistenich et al.
2018)
*cladoniicola Alstrup & D. Hawksw. (Hansen & Alstrup
1995)
#dedicata Triebel, Wedin & Rambold (Triebel et
al. 1997)
*epiblastematica (Wallr.) Rehm (Triebel et al. 1997)
#heeri (Hepp.) Trevisan
(Spribille et al. 2010) Syn.: Biatora
heeri
*miliaris (Wallr.) Trevisan
*stereocaulorum (Anzi) Körber
*tuberculosa (Th. Fr.) Rehm (Wedin
et al. 2007)
SCYTINIUM (Ach.) Gray (Otálora et al. 2014)
apalachense (Tuck.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Collema
apalachense, Leptogium apalachense
aquale (Arnold) Otálora, P. M. Jørg.
& Wedin Syn.: Leptogium aquale
aragonii (Otálora) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Leptogium
aragonii
californicum (Tuck.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Leptogium
californicum
callopismum (A. Massal.) Otálora, P.
M. Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Collema
callopismum, C. callopismum var. rhyparodes
cellulosum (P. M. Jørg. &
Tønsberg) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin
Syn.: Leptogium cellulosum
contortum (Sierk) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Leptogium
contortum
dactylinum (Tuck.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Leptogium
dactylinum
erectum (Sierk) Otálora, P. M. Jørg.
& Wedin Syn.: Leptogium erectum
fragrans (Sm.) Ach. Syns.: Collema fragrans, C. microphyllum
gelatinosum (With.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Leptogium
gelatinosum, L. scotinum, L. sinuatum
imbricatum (P. M. Jørg.) Otálora, P.
M. Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Leptogium
imbricatum
intermedium (Arnold) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Leptogium
intermedium
juniperinum (Tuck.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Leptogium
juniperinum
kauaiense (H. Magn.) Otálora, P. M.
Jorg. & Wedin Syn.: Collema
kauaiense
lichenoides (L.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Leptogium
lacerum, L. lichenoides
palmatum (Hudson) Gray Syns.: Leptogium corniculatum, L. palmatum
parculum (Nyl.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg.
& Wedin Syn.: Leptogium parculum
platynum (Tuck.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Leptogium
platynum
plicatile (Ach.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg.
& Wedin Syns.: Collema plicatile,
Leptogium microdium, L. plicatile
polycarpum (P. M. Jørg. &
Goward) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin
Syn.: Leptogium polycarpum
pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin (McCune et al. 2014b)
quadrifidum (D. F. Stone
& McCune) Koŝuth. & Wedin Syns.: Collema quadrifidum, Rostania
quadrifida (Koŝuthová et al. 2019)
rivale
(Tuck.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin
Syns.: Leptogium rivale, Polychidium rivale
schraderi (Bernh.) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syn.: Leptogium
schraderi
singulare T. Carlberg & P. M.
Jørg. (Carlberg et al. 2016)
siskiyouensis (D. F. Stone &
Ruchty) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin
Syn.: Leptogium siskiyouensis
subaridum (P. M. Jørg. & Goward)
Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin Syn.:
Leptogium subaridum
subtile (Schrader) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Leptogium
minutissium, L. perminutum, L. subtile
tacomae (P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg)
McCune (McCune et al. 2014b) Syn.: Leptogium tacomae
tenuissimum (Dickson) Otálora, P. M.
Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Leptogium
lividofuscum, L. tenuissimum
teretiusculum (Wallr.) Otálora, P.
M. Jørg. & Wedin Syns.: Leptogium
intricatulum, L. teretiusculum
turgidum (Ach.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg.
& Wedin Syn.: Leptogium turgidum
SECOLIGA Norman = GYALECTA
arceutina (Ach.) Stizenb. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia arceutina
atrosanguinea (Hepp) Stizenb. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia incompta, a
misidentification for N.A.
beckhausii (Körber) Stizenb.
(Tuckerman 1888) = Bacidia beckhausii
carneoluteola (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. (Fink 1935) =
Cryptolechia carneoluteola (Tuck.) Kalb
Probable misidentification for North America (Esslinger & Tucker
2009)
geoica (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Körber = Gyalecta geoica
SEGESTRIA Fr. (Harris 1995a)
lectissima Fr. Syn.: Porina lectissima (Harris 1995a)
leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Porina leptalea (Harris 1995a)
mammillosa Th. Fr.
Syn.: Porina mammillosa (Harris 1995a)
octomera (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
rubentior (Stirton) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
nucula Fr. (Mohr 1901) = Porina nucula
SEIROPHORA Poelt (Frödén &
Lassen 2004)
aurantiaca (R. Br.) Frödén Syn.: Teloschistes arcticus (Frödén &
Lassen 2004)
californica (Sipman) Frödén
Syn.: Teloschistes californicus
contortuplicata (Ach.) Frödén
Syn.: Teloschistes
contortuplicatus
SIGRIDEA Tehler
californica (Tuck.) Tehler Syns.: Dirina californica, D.
hassei, Platygrapha californica, Schismatomma californicum
SILOBIA M. Westb. & Wedin (Westberg et al. 2011a) = MYRIOSPORA Nägeli
ex Uloth (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012)
hassei (Herre) K. Knudsen (Knudsen 2011b) = Myriospora hassei (Arcadia
& Knudsen 2012)
rhagadiza (Nyl.) M. Westb. (Westberg et al. 2011a) = Myriospora rhagadiza (Arcadia
& Knudsen 2012)
scabrida (H. Magn.) M. Westb. (Westberg et al. 2011a) = Myriospora scabrida (Arcadia
& Knudsen 2012)
smaragdula (Wahlenb.) M. Westb. & Wedin (Westberg et al. 2011a) =
Myriospora smaragdula (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012)
SINUICELLA D. F. Stone, McCune & Miadl. (Stone et al. 2021)
denisonii D. F. Stone, McCune & Miadl.
SIPHULA Fr.
ceratites (Wahlenb.) Fr.
dactyliza Nyl. Placement
uncertain, possibly a Stereocaulon sp. (Kantvilas 2002)
simplex (Taylor) Nyl. = S. ceratites
SKYTTEA Sherwood, D. Hawksw. & Coppins
*caesii Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*cismonicae Hafellner (Hafellner 2000)
*dacampiae Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2013)
*elachistophora (Nyl.) Sherwood & D. Hawksw.
*graphidicola Diederich, Common &
Suija (Diederich et al. 2019)
*gregaria Sherwood, D. Hawks. & Coppins (Diederich &
Etayo 2000)
*insignis Driscoll, S. R. Clayden
& R. C. Harris (Driscoll et al. 2016)
*lecanorae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*mayrhoferi Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*nitschkei (Körber) Sherwood, D. Hawks. & Coppins
(Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*pertusariicola Diederich & Etay
(Diederich & Etayo 2004b)
*radiatilis (Tuck.) R. Sant., Etayo & Diederich (Diederich
& Etayo 2000)
*richardsonii Iturr. & D.
Hawksw. (Iturriaga & Hawksworth 2004)
*tavaresae R. Sant., Etayo & Diederich (Diederich &
Etayo 2000)
*tephromelarum Kalb & Hafellner (Diederich & Etayo 2004b)
SKYTTELLA D. Hawksw. & R.
Sant.
*mulleri (Willey) D.
Hawksw. & R. Sant.
SOLENOPSORA A. Massal.
candicans (Dickson) J. Steiner
cladonioides B. D. Ryan & Timdal (Ryan & Timdal 2002,
2011)
crenata (Herre) Zahlbr.
cyathiformis (Szatala) van den
Boom Syn.: Lecania cyathiformis (van den
Boom & Ryan 2004b)
holophaea (Mont.) Samp. Syns.: Lecanora holophaea,
Candelariella holophaea
hassei (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. = Lecania hassei (Zahlbr.) W. Noble
SOLITARIA Arup, Søchting & Frödén (Arup
et al. 2013)
chrysophthalma (Degel.) Arup,
Søchting & Frödén Syn.: Caloplaca
chrysophthalma
SOLORINA Ach.
bispora Nyl.
bispora var. subspongiosa (Zschacke) Frey (Zhurbenko et al. 2006)
crocea (L.) Ach.
monospora Gyelnik (McCune et al.
2014b)
octospora (Arnold) Arnold
saccata (L.) Ach.
spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi
saccata (L.) Ach. var. spongiosa (Ach.) Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Solorina
spongiosa
SOLORINARIA (Vainio) Gyelnik
despreauxii (Mont.) Fink = Heppia despreauxii
SOLORINELLA Anzi =
GYALIDEA (Aptroot & Lücking 2003)
asteriscus
Anzi = Gyalidea asteriscus (Aptroot & Lücking 2003)
SPARRIA Ertz & Tehler (Ertz
& Tehler 2011)
cerebriformis (Egea & Torrente)
Ertz & Tehler Syn.: Llimonaea
cerebriformis, Sclerophyton cerebriforme
SPEERSCHNEIDERA Trevisan
euploca (Tuck.) Trevisan Syn.: Teloschistes euplocus
SPHAERELLOTHECIUM Zopf
*abditum Triebel
*araneosum (Rehm ex Arnold) Zopf
*atryneae (Arnold) Cl. Roux & Triebel (Hafellner et al. 2002)
*breussii K. Knudsen, Kocourk. &
Etayo (Knudsen, Kocourková & Etayo 2009)
*cladoniae (Alstrup & Zhurb.)
Hafellner (Knudsen & Kocourková 2010b)
*cladoniicola E. S. Hansen & Alstrup (Hansen & Alstrup
1995)
*coniodes (Nyl.) Cl. Roux &
Diederich (Hodkinson et al. 2009)
*contextum Triebel
#gowardii Alstrup & M. S. Cole (Alstrup &
Cole 1998)
*minutum Hafellners
*parmeliae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich 2003)
*propinquellum (Nyl.) Cl. Roux & Triebel Syn.: Stigmidium congestum (for North
America)
*pumilum (Lettau) Nav.-Ros., Cl. Roux
& Hafellner Syn.: Stigmidium pumilum
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*reticulatum (Zopf) Etayo Syn.:
Echinothecium reticulatum (Kocourková et al. 2008)
*siphulae Zhurb. (Motiejunate et al.
2019)
*stereocaulorum Zhurb. & Triebel
(Zhurbenko 2010)
*thamnoliae Zhurb. (Zhurbenko 2012)
*araneosum var. cladoniae Alstrup & Zhurb. (Zhurbenko & Alstrup 2004) =
S. cladoniae
SPHAERIA Haller = HYPOXYLON
bignoniae Schwein. = Granulopyrenis hymnothora
SPHAEROPEZIA Sacc. (Baloch et al.
2013b)
*bryoriae (Diederich & Etayo) Baloch & Wedin Syn.: Odontotrema intermedia
*cucularis (Norman)
Baloch & Wedin Syn.: Lethariicola
cuculuris
*intermedia (Diederich, Zhurb. & Etayo) Baloch &
Wedin Syn.: Odontotrema intermedium
*lecanorae (Diederich & G. Marson) Baloch & Wedin Syn.: Odontotrema lecanorae
*melaneliae (Diederich & Zhurb.) Baloch, Gilenstam &
Wedin Syn.: Odontotrema melaneliae
*mycoblasti Diederich, Baloch &
Wedin (Baloch et al. 2013b)
*ochrolechiae (Diederich, Holien & Zhurb.) Baloch &
Wedin Syn.: Odontotrema ochrolechiae
*santessonii (Zhurb., Etayo &
Diederich) Baloch & Wedin Syn.:
Odontotrema santessonii
*sipei (Grummann) Baloch &
Wedin Syn.: Lethariicola sipei,
Odontotrema sipei
*thamnoliae (Zhurb., Diederich &
Etayo) Baloch & Wedin Syn.: Odontotrema thamnoliae
SPHAEROPHORUS Pers.
fragilis (L.) Pers.
globosus (Hudson) Vainio
tuckermanii Räsänen (Wedin et al. 2009)
venerabilis Wedin, Högnabba &
Goward (Wedin et al. 2009)
globiferus (L.) D.C. var. gracilis Müll. Arg. = S. tuckermanii (Wedin et al.
2009)
globosus
var. gracilis auct. = S. tuckermanii
melanocarpus (Sw.) DC. = Bunodophoron melanocarpus
SPHAERULINA Sacc.
*dolichotera (Nyl.) Vouax
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
SPHINCTRINA Fr.
*anglica Nyl. Syns.: Mycocalicium microcephalum, Calicium
microcephalum
*benmargana Selva (Selva 2004)
*leucopoda Nyl.
*pallidella (Willey) Selva (Selva 2004)
*tubaeformis A. Massal.
*turbinata (Pers. : Fr.) De Not. Syn.: Calicium turbinatum
*gelasinata (With.) Zahlbr. (Fink 1935) = S. turbinata (Santesson et al. 2004)
*microcephala (Sm.) Körber = S. anglica
*microcephala Nyl. = S. tubaeformis
SPHINCTRINELLA Nádv. = MYCOCALICIUM
calicioides Nádv. = Mycocalicium calicioides
SPILONEMA Bornet
americanum (Henssen & Tønsberg)
T. Sprib., Muggia & Tønsberg Syn.:
Spilonemella americana (Spribille et al. 2014b)
maritimum T. Sprib. & Fryday
(Spribille et al. 2020)
paradoxum Bornet
revertens Nyl.
dendroides
Henssen = Erinacellus dendroides (Henssen) T. Sprib., Muggia &
Tønsberg (Spribille et al. 2014b)
SPILONEMELLA Henssen & Tønsberg
(Henssen & Tønsberg 2000)
americana
Henssen & Tønsberg = Spilonema americanum (Spribille et al. 2014b)
SPIROGRAPHA Zahlbr.
*fusisporella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*pyramidalis
(Etayo) Flakus, Etayo & Miadlikowska
Syns. : Asteroglobulus pyramidalis, Cornutispora pyramidalis
(Flakus et al. 2019)
SPORASTATIA A. Massal.
polyspora (Nyl.) Grummann
testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal. Syns.: Biatorella kulshanensis, B.
testudinea
cinerea (Schaerer) Körber = S. polyspora
SPORODICTYON A. Massal.
cruentum (Körber) Körber Syn.: Polyblastia cruenta (Fryday 2006,
Savić & Tibell 2009, Spribille et al. 2010)
minutum Savić & Tibell (McCune et al. 2014b)
schaererianum A. Massal. (Hafellner
2010)
terrestre (Th. Fr.) Savić &
Tibell Syn.: Polyblastia terrestris
(Savić & Tibell 2009), Verrucaria obtenta (Dillman et al. 2012)
SPORODOPHORON Frisch, Y. Ohmura, Ertz & G. Thor (Frisch et al.
2015)
americanum (Lendemer, E. Tripp &
R. C. Harris) Ertz & Frisch (Frisch et al. 2015)
SPOROPODIUM Mont.
marginatum Lücking & Lumbsch
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
phyllocharis (Mont.) A. Massal. Syn.: Heterothecium
phyllocharis
SPOROSTIGMA Grube
melasporum (Tuck.) Grube
Syn. Arthonia melaspora (Grube 2001)
SQUAMARINA Poelt
cartilaginea (With.) P. James
lentigera (Weber) Poelt Syn.: Lecanora lentigera
crassa (Hudson) Poelt = S. cartilaginea
degelii Poelt = Lecanora neodegelii
SQUAMULEA Arup, Søchting &
Frödén (Arup et al. 2013)
galactophylla (Tuck.) Arup, Søchting
& Frödén Syns.: Caloplaca
galactophylla, Placodium galactophylla
parviloba (Wetmore) Arup, Søchting
& Frödén Syn.: Caloplaca parviloba
squamosa (B. de Lesd.) Arup,
Søchting & Frödén Syn.: Caloplaca
squamosa
subsoluta (Nyl.) Arup, Søchting
& Frödén Syns.: Caloplaca
irrubescens, C. modesta, C. subsoluta
STAUROLEMMA Körber
carolinianum P. M. Jørg.
(Jørgensen 2004)
STAUROTHELE Norman
arctica Lynge
areolata (Ach.) Lettau
bacilligera (Arnold) Arnold
(Lendemer 2008)
clopimoides (Bagl. & Carestia) J. Steiner
discedens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
drummondii (Tuck.) Tuck.
Syns: Endocarpon drummondii, E. wilmsoides
effigurata J. W. Thomson
elenkinii Oxner
fissa (Taylor) Zwackh
frustulenta Vainio (McCune et al.
2014b)
guestphalica (Lahm ex Körber) Arnold
(Lendemer 2008)
lecideoides B. de Lesd.
monicae (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Syn.: Endocarpon monicae
nemorum C. A. Morse & Ladd (Morse
& Ladd 2019)
orispruinosa J. W. Thomson
polygonia B. de Lesd.
pulvinata
(Th Fr.) Heiðmarsson (Heiðmarsson et al. 2017) Syns.: Endocarpon pulvinatum, E.
tortuosum, Pyrenothamnia brandegei, P. spraguei, Staurothele brandegei
rufa (A. Massal.) Zschacke (McCune
2017)
rugosa J. W. Thomson
rupifraga (A. Massal.) Arnold
Syn. : Verrucaria terebrata
septentrionalis Lynge (Spribille et al. 2020)
succedens (Rehm) Arnold (Spribille et
al. 2020)
verruculosa J. W. Thomson
ambrosiana (A. Massal.) Zschacke = S.
drummondii for North American records
brandegei Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888) = Staurothele pulvinata
circinata Tuck. = S. fissa
catalepta auct. N. Am. = mostly S. monicae
clopima (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. [epithet to be proposed for rejection under I.C.B.N.
Art.69 (Thomson 1991)] = S. drummondii
diffractella
(Nyl.) Tuck. = Willeya diffractella
fuscocuprea (Nyl.) Zschacke = S. drummondii
glacialis Herre = S. fissa
hazslinskyi (Körber) J. Steiner = S. fissa
hymenogonia (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = S. discedens for North American records
perradiata Lynge = S. drummondii
sessilis H. Magn. = S. elenkinii
succedens (Rehm) Arnold = S. drummondii for North American record
tenuissima Degel. = Endocarpon
tenuissimum
umbrina (Wahlenb.) Hellb. = S. fissa
STEGOBOLUS Mont.
auberianus (Mont.) A. Frisch &
Kalb Syns.: Leptotrema auberianum,
Ocellularia auberiana (Frisch & Kalb 2006), Thelotrema auberianum
emersus (Kremp.) Frisch & Kalb = Rhabdodiscus emersus (Rivas Plata et al.
2012)
granulosus (Tuck.) A. Frisch = Rhabdodiscus granulosus (Rivas Plata et al.
2012)
STEINEROPSIS T. Sprib. & Muggia
(Spribille et al. 2010)
alaskana T. Sprib. & Muggia
(Spribille et al. 2010)
laceratula (Hue) T. Sprib. & S. Ekman
Syns.: Fuscopannaria laceratula, Pannaria laceratula (Spribille et al.
2020)
STEINIA Körber
geophana (Nyl.) Stein
Syns.: Lecidea geophana, Biatora geophana, Biatorella geophana
STENOCYBE (Nyl.) Körber
+clavata Tibell
+flexuosa Selva &
Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+fragmenta E. B. Peterson & Rikkinen (Peterson
& Rikkinen 1998)
+major Nyl. ex Körber
+pullatula (Ach.) Stein
+byssacea (Fr.) Körber = S. pullatula
+euspora (Nyl.) Anzi = (?) S. major
+minutissima (G. Merr.) Zahlbr. = Phaeocalicium minutissimum
+tremulicola Norrlin ex Nyl. = Phaeocalicium tremulicola
STEREOCAULON Hoffm.
alpestre (Flotow) Dombr. (Oset 2014)
alpinum Laurer ex Funck
apocalypticum Nyl
arcticum Lynge
arenarium (Savicz) I. M. Lamb
areolatum McCune, E. DiMeglio & Tønsberg
(McCune et al. 2019)
botryosum Ach.
capitellatum H. Magn.
cephalocrustatum McCune, E. DiMeglio & Tønsberg (McCune et al. 2019)
condensatum Hoffm.
coniophyllum I. M. Lamb
dactylophyllum Flörke
dactylophyllum var. occidentale (H. Magn.) I.
M. Lamb
depreaultii Delise ex Nyl.
depressum (Frey) I. M. Lamb
(Zhurbenko et al 2006)
fecundum McCune, E. DiMeglio & Tønsberg (McCune et al. 2019)
glareosum (Savicz) H. Magn.
glaucescens Tuck.
glaucescens var. caespitosulum (Nyl.) I. M. Lamb
grande (H. Magn.) H. Magn.
groenlandicum (E. Dahl) I. M. Lamb
hypothallinum McCune, E. DiMeglio & Tønsberg (McCune et al. 2019)
incrustatum Flörke
intermedium (Savicz) H. Magn.
klondikense T. Sprib. (Spribille et
al. 2010)
leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) P. James &
Purvis (Fryday 2010)
leprocephalum Vainio
microcarpum Müll. Arg.
myriocarpum Th. Fr.
nanodes Tuck.
nivale (Follmann) Fryday Syn.: Bacidia nivalis (Fryday &
Glew 2003)
octomerum Müll. Arg.
oregonense McCune, E. DiMeglio & Tønsberg (McCune et al. 2019)
paschale (L.) Hoffm.
pileatum Ach.
plicatile (Leighton) Fryday &
Coppins (Fryday 2006)
procrastinata E. B. Peterson (Peterson 2021)
rivulorum H. Magn.
sasakii Zahlbr. var. simplex (Riddle) I. M.
Lamb
sasakii var. tomentosoides I. M. Lamb
saviczii Du Rietz
saxatile H. Magn.
spathuliferum Vainio
sterile (Savicz) I. M. Lamb ex Krog
subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl.
subdenudatum Hav. (Spribille et al.
2010)
symphycheilum I. M. Lamb
taeniarum (H. Magn.) Kivistö
(Kivistö 1998)
tennesseense H. Magn. ex Degel.
tennesseense H. Magn. ex Degel. var. nigrofastigiatum
I. M. Lamb
tomentosum Fr.
tornense (H. Magn.) P. James &
Purvis (McCune 2017)
vesuvianum Pers.
albicans Th. Fr. = Lepraria albicans
arbuscula Nyl. = Lepraria arbuscula
coralloides Fr. = S. dactylophyllum
denudatum Flörke = S. vesuvianum
evolutoides (H. Magn.) Frey = S. saxatile
microscopicum (Vill.) Frey = Leprocaulon quisquiliare, but N.A. records are L.
americanum
pseudoarbuscula Asahina = Lepraria subalbicans for North American records
quisquiliare (Leers) Hoffm. = Leprocaulon quisquiliare, but N.A. records are L.
americanum
ramulosum Raeuschel = not in North America north of Mexico
subalbicans I. M. Lamb = Lepraria subalbicans
tomentosum Fr. var alpestre Flotow = S. alpestre (Oset 2014)
tomentosum var. alpinum (Laurer) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) = Stereocaulon
alpinum
wrightii Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) Described from Siberia, not known from N.A
(Lamb 1977)
uliginosum I. M. Lamb Known from
Greenland but not from the United States or Canada.
wrightii Tuck. = not in North America
STICTA (Schreber) Ach.
arctica Degel.
beauvoisii Delise
canariensis (Bory) Bory ex Delise
carolinensis T. McDonald (McDonald et al. 2003)
deyana Lendemer & Goffinet
(Lendemer & Goffinet 2015)
fragilinata T. McDonald (McDonald et al. 2003)
fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach.
leucoblephara (Müll. Arg.) D. J. Galloway (Galloway & Thomas 2004)
limbata (Sm.) Ach.
rhizinata
Moncada & Lücking (Spribille et. al. 2020)
sylvatica (Hudson) Ach.
torii Simon & Goward (Simon et
al. 2018)
xanthotropa (Kremp.) D. J. Galloway
(Galloway & Thomas 2004)
amplissima (Scop.) Rabenh. (Fink 1935) = Ricasolia amplissima
anthraspis Ach. = Lobaria anthraspis
aurata Ach. = Crocodia aurata
crocata (L.) Ach. = Pseudocyphellaria crocata, but misidentifications for North
America
crocata var. mallota Tuck (Tuckerman 1882) = Pseudocyphellaria mallota
drummondii Taylor = Nephroma resupinatum
erosa (Eschw.) Tuck. = Emmanuelia erosa (Simon
et al. 2020)
glomerulifera (Hoffm.) Delise (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
glomulifera (Lightf.) Delise = Ricasolia amplissima
hallii Tuck. = Lobaria hallii
herbacea (Hudson) Ach. = misidentification for North America
laciniata Ach. = misidentification for North America
linita Ach. = Lobaria linita
oregana Tuck. = Lobaria oregano
oroborealis
Goward & Tønsberg (Tønsberg & Goward 2001) = Dendriscosticta
oroborealis (Moncada et al. 2013)
pulmonaria (L.) Biroli = Lobaria pulmonaria
pulmonaria var. hypomela (Delise) Duby (Tuckerman 1882) = Lobaria pulmonaria
pulmonaria var. linita Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lobaria linita
quercizans (Michaux) Ach. (Fink 1935) = Ricasolia quercizans
ravenelii Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = Emmanuelia
ravenelii (Simon et al. 2020)
scrobiculata (Scop.) Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = Lobaria scrobiculata
verrucosa (Hudson) Fink = Lobaria scrobiculata
weigelii (Ach.) Vainio = misidentification for North America
wrightii
Tuck. = Dendriscosticta wrightii (Moncada et al. 2013)
STICTIS Pers.: Fr.
urceolatum (Ach.) Gilenstam Syn.:
Conotrema urceolatum (Wedin et al. 2005)
STIGMATOCHROMA Marbach
gerontoides (Stirton) Marbach
(Seavey et al. 2017)
STIGMIDIUM Trevisan
*beringicum Zhurb. & Triebel
(Zhurbenko 2010)
*californicum K. Knudsen & Kocourk.
(Knudsen & Kocourková 2010f)
*cerinae Cl. Roux & Triebel (Cole & D. Hawksworth
2001)
*congestum (Körber) Triebel
(Driscoll et al. 2016) An earlier N.A. report was based on Sphaerellothecium
propinquellum (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*conspurcans (Th. Fr.) Triebel &
R. Sant. (Spribille et al. 2010)
*croceae (Arnold) Cl. Roux & Triebel (Zhurbenko &
Daniëls 2003)
*ephebes (Henssen) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Pharcidia ephebes
(Henssen) D. Hawksw.
*epistigmellum (Nyl. ex Vouaux)
Kocourk. & K. Knudsen (Kocourková & Knudsen 2009c)
*epixanthum Hafellner (Hafellner et al. 2002)
*frigidum (Sacc.) Alstrup & D. Hawksw.
*fuscatae (Arnold) R. Sant.
*glebarum (Arnold) Hafellner (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
*gyrophorarum (Arnold) D. Hawksw. (Hafellner et al. 2002)
*hesperium Kocourk., K. Knudsen,
& Diederich (Kocourková & Knudsen 2009b)
*lendemeri Kocourk. & K. Knudsen
(Kocourková et al. 2012, Kocourková & Knudsen 2012)
*leprariae Zhurb. (Haldeman 2020)
*marinum (Deakin) Swinscow
*microcarpum Alstrup & J. C.
David (Zhurbenko 2009b)
*mitchelii Cl. Roux & Bricaud
(Zhurbenko 2013)
*mycobilimbiae Cl. Roux, Triebel & Etayo (Diederich 2003)
*parvum (Henssen) Diederich
(Diederich et al. 2018)
*peltideae (Vainio) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*pseudopeltideae Cl. Roux & Triebel (Diederich 2003; Zhurbenko & Laursen
2003)
*psorae (Anzi) Hafellner
*ramalinae (Müll. Arg.) Etayo & Diederich (Kocourková et al.
2010)
*rouxianum Calat. & Triebel
(Kocourková & Knudsen 2018)
*schaereri (A. Massal.) Trevisan (Reinstated for N.Am. by
Henssen 1995)
*solorinarium (Vainio) D. Hawksw.
(Zhurbenko 2009a)
*squamariae (B. de Lesd.) Cl. Roux & Triebel
*stygnospilum (Minks ) R. Sant.
(McCune et al. 2014b)
*tabacinae (Arnold) Triebel
*xanthoparmeliarum Hafellner
(Kocourková & Knudsen 2008)
*atryneae (Arnold) Hafellner = Sphaerellothecium atryneae, but North American
specimens are Stigmidium squamariae
*pumilum
(Lettau) Matzer & Hafellner (Cole & D. Hawksworth 2001) =
Sphaerellothecium pumilum
*schaereri (A. Massal.) Trevisan = misidentification for North America
STIRTONIA A. L. Sm.
alba Groenh. ex Makhija & Patw.
(Seavey et al. 2017)
byssoidea F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2015)
coei F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2015)
divaricatica F. Seavey & J.
Seavey (Seavey et al. 2017)
dubia A. L. Smith (Lücking et al.
2011b)
latispora F. Seavey & J. Seavey
(Seavey & Seavey 2015)
macrocarpa Makhija & Patw.
(Lücking et al. 2011b)
punctiformis Aptroot & Sipman
(Perlmutter et al. 2018)
STRANGOSPORA Körber
cyphalea (Tuck.) C. A. Morse &
Lendemer (Morse & Lendemer 2019) Syns.: Biatora cyphalea, Biatorella
cyphalea
deplanata (Almq.) Clauz. & Cl.
Roux (Knudsen 2007c)
microhaema (Norman) R. A. Anderson Syn.: Biatorella microhaema
moriformis (Ach.) Stein Syns.: Biatora moriformis, Biatorella
moriformis
pinicola (A. Massal.) Körber
ochrophora (Nyl.) R. A. Anderson = Piccolia ochrophora
STRIGULA Fr.
americana R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia tenuis
bermudana (Nyl.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
connivens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
*graphidicola Diederich & Common
(Diederich et al. 2019)
griseonitens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
hypothallina R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
jamesii (Swinscow) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia affinis auct.
laceribracae R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
nitidula Mont.
orbicularis Fr. (Lücking et al.
2011b)
*perparvula Diederich & Common
(Diederich et al. 2019)
phaea (Ach.) R. C. Harris
schizospora R. Sant. (Lücking et al.
2011b)
smaragdula Fr. : Fr. (Harris 1995a)
stigmatella (Ach.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia faginea,
Porina cinerea, P. faginea
subelegans Vainio (Harris 1995a)
submuriformis (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia
submuriformis
viridiseda (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Porina viridiseda
wilsonii (Riddle) R. C. Harris
affinis (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris = S. jamesii for North American records
complanata
(Fée) Mont. = S. orbicularis (Lücking 2008)
elegans (Fée) Müll. Arg. = S. smaragdula (Harris 1995a)
sychnogonioides (Nitschke)
R. C. Harris = Geisleria sychnogonioides
STROMATELLA Henssen
bermudana (Riddle) Henssen (Schultz 2002e)
SULCARIA Bystrek
badia Brodo & D. Hawksw.
isidiifera Brodo
spiralifera (Brodo & D. Hawksw.) Myllys, Velmala & Goward (Myllys et al. 2014) Syns.: Bryoria pseudocapillaris, B. spiralifera
SULCOPYRENULA H. Harada
canellae-albae (Fée) H. Harada
Syn.: Anthracothecium canellae-albae (Harada 1999)
staurospora (Tuck.) H. Harada
Syn.: Anthracothecium staurosporum (Harada 1999)
subglobosa (Riddle) Aptroot (Aptroot
2012)
SYNALISSA Fr.
matogrossensis (Malme) Henssen (Schultz 2002f)
ramulosa (Hoffm.) Fr. Syn.:
Omphalaria symphorea (McCune et al. 2014b)
melambola Tuck. = Metamelanea melambola
symphorea
(Ach.) Nyl. = S. ramulosa (McCune et al. 2014b)
subnigra (B. de Lesd.) Henssen = Peccania subnigra
texana Tuck. = Peccania texana
SYNARTHONIA Müll. Arg. (Van den
Broeck et al. 2018)
*hodgesii (Lendemer & R. C.
Harris) Van den Broeck & Ertz Syn.: Arthonia hodgesii
SYNCESIA Taylor (Tehler 1996)
byssina (Vainio) Tehler
depressa (Fée) Tehler
graphica (Fr.) Tehler Syn.: Chiodecton perplexum
psaroleuca (Nyl.) Tehler
SYNECHOBLASTUS Trevisan = COLLEMA
aggregatus ("Ach.") Th. Fr. = Gabura fasciculare
coccophorus (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Enchylium coccophorum
cyrtaspis (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Enchylium conglomeratum (var. crassiusculum, Degelius 1974)
fascicularis (L.) A. L. Smith (Fink 1935) = Gabura fasciculare
laciniatus (Nyl.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Collema texanum (Degelius 1974)
leptaleus (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) = Collema leptaleum
leucocarpus (Hooker f. & Taylor) Müll. Arg. (Fink 1935) =
Collema leucocarpum Hooker f. & Taylor, misidentification for North America
(Degelius 1974)
microptychius (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) =
Collema leptaleum (Degelius 1974)
nigrescens (Hudson) Trevisan (Fink 1935) = Collema nigrescens
ohioensis Fink (Fink 1935) = Enchylium conglomeratum (Degelius 1974)
ryssoleus (Tuck.) Fink (Fink 1935) =
Collema ryssoleum
polycarpus (Hoffm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = Enchylium polycarpon
pycnocarpus Nyl. = Enchylium conglomeratum
(var. crassiusculum, Degelius 1974)
rupestris (Sw.) Trevisan = Collema flaccidum
texanus (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. = Collema texanum
wyomingensis Fink = Enchylium polycarpon
SYZYGOSPORA G. W. Martin (Diederich 1996)
*bachmannii Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 1996) =
Heterocephalacria bachmannii (Diederich et al. 2018)
*physciacearum
Diederich (Diederich 1996) = Heterocephalacria physciacearum (Diederich et al.
2018)
SZCZAWINSKIA A. Funk
leucopoda Holien & Tønsberg (Holien & Tønsberg 2002)
tsugae A. Funk Syn.: Micarea clavopycnidiata (Aptroot et al.
1997)
Return
To Introduction or go to: A B
C D E
F G H
I J K
L M N
O P R
S T U
V W X
Z References Cited
TAENIOLELLA S. Hughes
*caespitosa M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth
2001)
*christiansenii Alstrup & D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko &
Daniëls 2003)
*cladinicola Alstrup (Seaward et al.
2017)
*delicata M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)
*friesii (Hepp) Hafellner (Heuchert
et al. 2018)
*hawksworthiana Heuchert, Ertz &
Common (Heuckert et al. 2018)
*pertusariicola D. Hawksw. & H.
Mayrhofer (McMullin et al. 2017)
*phaeophysciae D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)
*rolfii Diederich & Zhurb. (Diederich & Zhurbenko
2001)
*serusiauxii Diederich (Diederich 2003)
*toruloides Heuchert & Diederich
(Haldeman 2020)
*beschiana Diederich (Zhurbenko
& Alstrup 2004) = Talpapellis beschiana
*laevistipitata
M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) = Corynespora
laevistipitata
TALPAPELLIS Alstrup & M. S. Cole
*beschiana (Diederich) Zhurb., U.
Braun, Diederich & Heuchert (Heuchert et al. 2018)
*graphidis Heuchert, Common, U. Braun
& Diederich (Diederich et al. 2019)
*peltigerae Alstrup & M. S. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
TAPELLARIA Müll. Arg.
albomarginata Lücking (Lücking et
al. 2011b)
epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. Syn.: Lopadium phyllocharis
floridensis Common & Lücking (Lücking et al. 2011b)
granulosa Lücking & Rivas Plata (Lücking et al. 2011b)
malmei R. Sant. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
nana (Fée) R. Sant.
bilimbioides R. Sant. Report based on T. albomarginata (Lücking et
al. 2011b)
TELOSCHISTES Norman
chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr.
exilis (Michaux) Vainio
flavicans (Sw.) Norman
arcticus
Zahlbr. = Seirophora aurantiaca
californicus
Sipman = Seirophora californica
candelarius (L.) Fink = Polycauliona candelaria
concolor (Dickson) Tuck. = Candelaria concolor
concolor var. effusa Tuck. (Tuckerman
1882) = Candelaria concolor
contortuplicatus
(Ach.) Clauzade & Rondon = Seirophora contortuplicata
euplocus (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Speerschneidera euploca
lychneus (Ach.) Tuck. = Polycauliona candelaria
lychneus var. pygmaeus Tuck. (Tuckerman
1882) = Polycauliona candelaria
parietinus (L.) Norman = Xanthoria parietina
polycarpus (Hoffm.) Tuck. = Polycauliona polycarpa
ramulosus Tuck. = Xanthoria ramulosa
villosus auct. non (Ach.) Norman = T.
californicus for North American records
TEPHROMELA M. Choisy
atra (Hudson) Hafellner Syn.: Lecanora atra
*cerasina (Müll. Arg.) Rambold & Triebel (Nash et al. 2004b)
eviolacea
Haldeman & McCune (Haldeman & McCune 2021)
nashii Kalb (Nash et
al. 2004b)
pacifica Björk & Muggia (Cestaro
et al. 2016)
aglaea (Sommerf.) Hertel & Rambold = Calvitimela aglaea
“aglaeida” Nyl. = Calvitimela aglaea
armeniaca (DC.) Hertel & Rambold = Calvitimela armeniaca
testaceoatra (Vainio) Hertel & Rambold = Calvitimela testaceoatra
TETRAMELAS Norman
chloroleucus (Körber) A. Nordin
Syn.: Buellia chloroleuca (Nordin 2004)
insignis (Nägeli ex Hepp) Kalb
Syn.: Buellia insignis (Nordin 2004)
papillatus (Sommerf.) Kalb Syn.:
Buellia papillata (Kalb 2004)
*pulverulentus (Anzi) A. Nordin
& Tibell Syns.: Buellia pulverulenta, Diplotomma pulverulentum (Nordin
& Tibell 2005)
terricolus (A. Nordin) Kalb (Kalb
2004)
triphragmioides (Anzi) A. Nordin &
Tibell Syn.: Buellia triphragmioides
(Nordin & Tibell 2005)
geophilus (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Norman North American records reported to be T.
terricolus (Nordin 1999, McCune et al. 2014b)
TEUVOA Sohrabi & S. Leavitt
(Sohrabi et al. 2013a)
junipericola Sohrabi & S.
Leavitt (Sohrabi et al. 2013a)
TEXOSPORIUM Nádv. ex Tibell & Hofsten
sancti-jacobi (Tuck.) Nádv. Syns.: Acolium sancti-jacobi,
Cyphelium sancti-jacobi
THALLOIDIMA A. Massal.
arcticum (Timdal) Timdal Syn.:
Toninia arctica (Kistenich et al. 2018)
ioen
(Herre) S. Ekman & Timdal Syns.:
Bacidia ioessa, Toninia submexicana (Kistenich et al. 2018)
massatum (Tuck.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syns.: Lecidea, massata, Toninia massata
(Kistenich et al. 2018)
opuntioides (Vill.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syn.: Toninia opuntioides (Kistenich et al.
2018)
physaroides (Opiz) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syn.: Toninia physaroides (Kistenich et al.
2018)
sedifolium (Scop.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syn.: Toninia sedifolia (Kistenich et al.
2018)
subdiffractum (Timdal) Timdal
Syn.: Toninia subdiffracta (Kistenich et al. 2018)
THALLOLOMA Trevisan
anguiniforme (Vainio) Staiger
(Lendemer et al. 2009b)
anguinum (Mont.) Trevisan Syn.: Graphina anguina (Staiger 2002, Tripp
et al. 2010), Graphis inustula
cinnabarinum (Fée) Staiger
(Kocourková et al. 2010)
hypoleptum (Nyl.) Staiger (Lendemer
& Knudsen 2008b)
THAMNOGALLA D. Hawksw.
* crombiei (Mudd) D. Hawksw.
THAMNOLIA Ach. ex Schaerer
subuliformis (Ehrh.) W. L. Culb.
tundrae Brännström & Tibell (Onut-Bränström et al. 2018)
subvermicularis Asahina = T. subuliformis
vermicularis
(Sw.) Ach. ex Schaerer Apparent
misidentification for North America (Onut-Bränström et al. 2018)
THECARIA Fée
quassiicola Fée Syn.:
Phaeographina quassiicola (Staiger 2002)
THELENELLA Nyl.
brasiliensis (Müll. Arg.) Vainio (Harris 1995a)
calcicola C. A. Morse (Morse 2016)
harrisii H. Mayrhofer
hassei (Zahlbr.) H. Mayrhofer Syns.: Microglaena hassei, M.
sychnogonoides
inductula (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer Syns.: Microglaena inductula,
Polyblastiopsis inductula
modesta (Nyl.) Nyl. Syn.: Microglaena subcorallina
nubifera C. A. Morse (Morse 2016)
pertusariella (Nyl.) Vainio (Harris 1995a)
rappii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
sastreana R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
sordidula (Th. Fr.) H. Mayrhofer Syn.: Microglaena sordidula
sychnogonioides (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
weberi H. Mayrhofer
americana (Knudsen & Lendemer) Aptroot (Aptroot & Schumm 2012) =
Trimmatothelopsis americana (Knudsen & Lendemer 2016)
cinerascens
(Vainio) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) = Aspidothelium cinerascens (Nelsen et al. 2017)
fugiens
(Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) = Aspidothelium fugiens (Nelsen et al. 2017)
geminipara
(Malme) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) = Aspidothelium geminiparum (Nelsen et al.
2017)
humilis
R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) = Protothelenella corrosa (Lendemer et al. 2019a)
luridella
(Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer (Harris 1995a) North
American records are T. nubifera (Morse 2016)
muscorum (Fr.) Vainio var. muscorum (Lendemer & Harris 2004) =
Chromatochlamys muscorum (Nelsen et al. 2017)
muscorum var. octospora (Nyl.) Coppins & Fryday (Fryday & Coppins 2004)
= Chromatochlamys muscorum var. octospora (Nelsen et al. 2017)
THELIDIELLA Fink ex J. Hedrick
blastenicola Fink = a non-lichenized fungus
THELIDIUM A. Massal.
absconditum (Hepp) Rabenh.
aeneovinosum (Anzi) Arnold
areolatum J. W. Thomson
decipiens (Nyl.) Kremp.
fontigenum A. Massal. Syns.: Thelidium microbolum, Verrucaria
microbola
incavatum Nyl. ex Mudd
microsporum Lynge
minimum (A. Massal. ex Körber) Arnold
minutulum Körber
olivaceum (Fr.) Körber
papulare (Fr.) Arnold
Syn.: Verrucaria sprucei
parvulum Arnold
pyrenophorum (Ach.) Mudd
transsylvanicum Zschacke
velutinum (Bernh.) Körber
zwackhii (Hepp) A. Massal. (Harris
& Lendemer 2005)
acrotellum Arnold = T. minutulum
circumspersellum
(Nyl.) Zschacke North American record is
Porina linearis (Nash 2002)
mesotropum (Nyl.) A. L. Sm. = T. minutulum
microbolum (Tuck.) Hasse = T. fontigenum (Orange 2009)
viride (Deakin) Zahlbr. (Fink 1935) = T. pyrenophorum (Santesson et al. 2004)
THELIGNYA A. Massal.
groenlandica (E. Dahl) Henssen (Spribille et al. 2020)
lignyota (Wahlenb.) P. M. Jørg. & Henssen Syn.: Porocyphus
dispersus
THELOCARPON Nyl. ex Hue
depressellum Vainio (Spribille et al. 2020)
*epibolum Nyl.
*epibolum var. epithallinum (Leighton ex
Nyl.) G. Salisb.
hassei B. de Lesd.
immersum Fryday (Spribille et al. 2020)
impressellum Nyl. (Dillman et al.
2012)
intermediellum Nyl.
laureri (Flotow) Nyl.
*lichenicola (Fuckel)
Poelt & Hafellner (Hafellner et al. 2002)
sphaerosporum H. Magn. Syn.: Ahlesia sphaerospora
superellum Nyl.
albomarginatum Herre = Acarospora elevata
epilithellum Nyl. = T. laureri
fimicola Fink = T. intermediellum
majusculum Nyl. = T. laureri
prasinellum Nyl. = T. laureri
THELOMMA A. Massal.
brunneum (W. A. Weber) M. Prieto
& Wedin Syn.: Cyphelium brunneum (Prieto & Wedin 2017)
californicum (Tuck.) Tibell Syns.: Cyphelium californicum, C.
farlowii, C. andersonii
mammosum (Hepp) A. Massal. Syns.: Cypheliopsis bolanderi,
Acolium bolanderi
santessonii Tibell
carolinianum
(Tuck.) Tibell = Calicium carolinianum
occidentale
(Herre) Tibell = Pseudothelomma occidentale
ocellatum
(Körber) Tibell = Pseudothelomma ocellatum
THELOPSIS Nyl.
corticola (Coppins & P. James) Sanderson & Ertz (Tønsberg
2002, Ertz et al. 2021b) Syn.: Opegrapha
corticola
flaveola Arnold
inordinata Nyl.
isiaca Stizenb.
rubella Nyl.
melathelia Nyl. =
Ramonia melathelia (Ertz et al. 2021b)
subporinella Nyl. = T. isiaca
THELOTREMA Ach.
adjectum Nyl.
californicum Tuck. Syn.: Phaeotrema californicum
circumscriptum C. Knight (fide T. Lumbsch, see appendix)
defectum Hale
dilatatum (Müll. Arg.) Hale
eximium R. C. Harris
floridense R. C. Harris
lacteum Kremp.
lathraeum Tuck. Syn.: Ocellularia lathraea
lepadinum (Ach.) Ach.
monospermum R. C. Harris
Syns.: Leptotrema lepadodes, L. monosporum auct.
pachysporum Nyl. (Lücking et al. 2011b)
petractoides P. M. Jørg. & Brodo (Purvis et al. 1995)
porinoides Mont. & Bosch Syn.: Ocellularia floridensis
subtile Tuck. Syn.: Ocellularia subtilis
suecicum (H. Magn.) P. James
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
alborosellum
(Nyl.) Tuck. = Chapsa alborosella
auberianum Mont. (Tuckerman 1882) =
Stegobolus auberianus
bahianum Ach. var. obturascens Nyl. = Ocellularia obturascens
carneum Eckfeldt = Mazosia ocellata
clandestinum Fée = Myriotrema clandestinum , but a misidentification for N.
America
domingense (Fée ex Nyl.) Tuck. = Ocellularia domingensis, but a
misidentification for N. America
domingense var. rhodostroma (Mont.) Tuck.
(Tuckerman 1882) = Ocellularia rhodostroma, but apparently a misidentification
for N.A.
glaucescens Nyl. = Leucodecton glaucescens
granulosum Tuck. = Rhabdodiscus granulosus
halei
(Tuck. & Mont.) Zahlbr. = Fibrillithecis halei (Lücking et al. 2016)
heterosporum C. Knight ex F. M. Bailey = Reimnitzia santensis
interpositum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Ocellularia
interposita, but a misidentification for North America
leiostomum Tuck. = Redingeria leiostoma (Tuck.) A. Frisch, but a
misidentification for North America (Frisch & Kalb 2006)
leprocarpum
(Nyl.) Tuck. = Chapsa leprocarpa
microporum Mont. (Tuckerman 1882) = Myriotrema microporum
monosporum auct. = T. monospermum for North American records
platycarpoides
Tuck. (Harris 1995a) = Chapsa platycarpoides
platycarpum
Tuck. = Chapsa platycarpoides
postpositum Nyl. = Ocellularia postposita
praestans Müll. Arg. = Ocellularia praestans
ravenelii Tuck. = Sanguinotrema wightii
sanfordianum Zahlbr. = Ocellularia sanfordiana
santense Tuck. = Reimnitzia santensis
texanum Willey ex Nyl. = Trinathotrema stictideum
wightii (Taylor) Nyl. = Sanguinotrema wightii
THERMUTIS Fr.
velutina (Ach.) Flotow
THOLURNA Norman
dissimilis (Norman) Norman
THROMBIUM Wallr.
aoristum (Nyl.) Arnold (Breuss 2002f)
discordans (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
epigaeum (Pers.) Wallr.
mongolicum
H. Magn. = misidentification for North America (Morse & Ladd 2015)
THYREA A. Massal.
confusa Henssen (Henssen & Jørgensen 1990)
girardii (Durieu & Mont.) Bagl. & Carestia Syn.: Omphalaria girardii
demangeonii (Moug. & Mont.) Fink = Phylliscum demangeonii
nigritella Lettau = Lichinella nigritella
pulvinata auct. North American = T.
confusa
pulvinata (Schaerer) A. Massal. = Gonohymenia iodopulchra (Croz.) Henssen, but
not in North America
pyrenoides (Nyl.) Fink = Paulia pyrenoides
TICHOTHECIUM Flotow = VERRUCARIA
*pygmaeum Körber = Muellerella pygmaea
*zahlbrucknerella Henssen = Endococcus zahlbrucknerellae
TINGIOPSIDIUM Werner (Hafellner & Spribille 2016)
elaeinum (Wahlenb. ex Ach.)
Hafellner & T. Sprib. Syn.:
Vestergrenopsis elaeina
isidiatum (Degel.) Hafellner &
T. Sprib. Syns.: Pannaria isidiata,
Vestergrenopsis isidiata
sonomense (Tuck.) Hafellner & T.
Sprib. Syns.: Koerberia sonomensis,
Pannaria sonomensis, Vestergrenopsis sonomensis
TOENSBERGIA Bendiksby & Timdal (Bendiksby & Timdal 2013)
blastidiata T. Sprib. & Tønsberg (Spribille et al. 2020)
geminipara (Th. Fr.) T. Sprib. & Resl Syns: Ochrolechia geminipara, Pertusaria
geminipara (Spribille et al. 2020)
leucococca (R. Sant.) Bendiksby
& Timdal Syn.: Pycnora leucocca
TOMASELLIA A. Massal.
americana (Minks ex Willey) R. C. Harris
[Mycoporellum difforme (Minks) Fink]
macularis (Minks ex willey) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Cyrtidula macularis
californica (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Mycoporum californicum
eschweileri (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Mycoporum eschweileri
esenbeckiana (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Melanotheca esenbeckiana, but a
misidentification for N. America
lactea (Ach.) R. C. Harris = Mycoporum lactaeum
sparsella (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Mycoporum sparsellum
TONINIA A. Massal.
alutacea (Anzi) Jatta
candida (Weber) Th. Fr. Syn.: Lecidea candida
cinereovirens (Schaerer) A. Massal.
*nashii
Timdal (Timdal 2002c, Knudsen & Kocourková 2018a.)
populorum
(A. Massal.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syns.: Arthrosporum accline, A. populorum,
Bacidia acclinis, Bilimbia acclinis, Lecidea acclinis (Kistenich et al. 2018)
squalescens (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (Coppins & Fryday 2006b) But misplaced
here?
squalida (Ach.) A. Massal. Syns.: Lecidea squalida, L.
squalida var. caulescens
*subdispersa (Nyl. ex Hasse) K.
Knudsen Syn.: Lecania subdispersa
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2007)
subnitida (Hellbom) Hafellner & Türk (Hafellner & Türk
2001) Syns.: Catillaria tristis, C.
subnitida, Kiliasia tristis
*subtalparum van den Boom (van
den Boom 2004)
taurica (Szatala) Oxner (McCune et
al. 2014b)
tecta C. A. Morse & Ladd (Ladd
& Morse 2018)
weberi Timdal
arctica Timdal = Thalloidima arcticum
aromatica (Turner) A. Massal. = Toniniopsis aromatica
athallina (Hepp)
Timdal = Kiliasia athallina
bullata (Meyen & Flotow) Zahlbr. = Bibbya bullata
caulescens
Anzi = T. squalida
coeruleonigricans auct. = Thalloidima sedifolia
coeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = Pannaria praetermissa, nom. rej. prop.
conglomerata (Ach.) Boistel = Psorinia
conglomerata
cumulata (Sommerf.) Th. Fr. Excluded
from Toninia; a misidentification for North America
kolax Poelt = Toniniopsis verrucarioides
lobulata (Sommerf.) Lynge = Bilimbia lobulata
lutosa (Ach.) Timdal = Bibbya lutosa
massata (Tuck.) Herre = Thalloidima massatum
opuntioides (Vill.)
Timdal = Thalloidima opuntioides
pennina (Schaerer) Gyelnik = Kiliasia pennina
philippea (Mont.)
Timdal = Kiliasia philippea
physaroides (Opiz)
Zahlbr. = Thalloidima physaroides
ruginosa (Tuck.) Herre
subsp. ruginosa =
Bibbya ruginosa
ruginosa subsp. pacifica Timdal = Bibbya ruginosa
subsp. pacifica
sculpturata (H. Magn.) Timdal = Kiliasia sculpturata
sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal = Thalloidima sedifolium
subdiffracta Timdal = Thalloidima subdiffractum
superioris Timdal =
Kiliasia superioris
squarrosa (Ach.) Th. Fr. = T. squalida
submexicana B. de Lesd. = Thalloidima ioen
syncomista (Flörke) Th. Fr. (Tuckerman 1888) = Bilimbia lobulata
tabacina auct. = T. tristis
talparum
Timdal = T. subdispersa
tristis (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. subsp. tristis = Kiliasia tristis
tristis subsp. arizonica Timdal = Kiliasia tristis
tristis subsp. asiae-centralis (H. Magn.) Timdal =
Kiliasia tristis
tristis subsp. canadensis Timdal = Kiliasia tristis
tristis subsp. scholanderi (Lynge) Timdal =
Kiliasia tristis
*verrucarioides
(Nyl.) Timdal = Toniniopsis verrucarioides
TONINIOPSIS Frey (Kistinich et al. 2018)
aromatica (Sm.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syn. : Tonina aromatica
subincompta (Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman
(Spribille et al. 2020)
*verrucarioides (Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman Syn. : Toninia verrucarioides
TOPELIA P. M. Jørg. &
Vězda
aperiens P. M. Jørg. & Vězda
californica P. M. Jørg. & Vězda
gyalectodes (Nyl.) B. D. Ryan &
H. T. Lumbsch Syn.: Lecanora
gyalectodes (Ryan & Lumbsch 2007,
Knudsen et al. 2008b)
TOPELIOPSIS Kantvilas &
Vězda
toensbergii
Vězda & Kantvilas (Kantvilas & Vězda 2000) = Melanotopelia
toensbergii
TORNABEA Østh.
scutellifera
(With.) J. R. Laundon (Nimis & Tretiach 1997) North American report was based on specimens
of Seirophora californica (Knudsen & Kocourková 2016)
TRAPELIA M. Choisy
coarctata (Turner) M. Choisy Syns.: Biatora coarctata, Lecidea
coarctata
corticola Coppins & P. James
glebulosa (Sm.) J. R. Laundon
Syns.: Lecidea gregaria, L. ornata (Laundon 2005)
obtegens (Th. Fr.) Hertel
Syn.: Lecidea obtegens
placodioides Coppins & P. James
stipitata Brodo & Lendemer
(Brodo & Lendemer 2015)
brujeriana (Schaerer) M. Choisy = Ainoa mooreana, but a misidentification for
North America
involuta (Taylor) Hertel = T. glebulosa
mooreana (Carroll) P. James = Ainoa mooreana, but a misidentification for North
America (Brodo & Lendemer 2015)
torellii (Anzi) Hertel = Ainoa mooreana, but a misidentification for North
America
TRAPELIOPSIS Hertel & Gotth.
Schneider
aeneofusca (Flotow) Coppins & P. James (Aptroot 1996)
bisorediata McCune & Camacho (McCune et al. 2002)
flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James Syns.: Biatora granulosa
var. flexuosa, Lecidea aeruginosa, L. flexuosa
gelatinosa (Flörke) Coppins & P. James Syns.: Lecidea
gelatinosa, Micarea gelatinosa
glaucolepidea (Nyl.) Gotth. Schneider
(Spribille et al. 2020)
glaucopholis (Nyl. ex Hasse)
Printzen & McCune Syns.: Lecidea
glaucopholis, L. admiscens, L. granulosa var. phyllizans (Printzen & McCune
2004)
granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch Syns.: Biatora decolorans, B.
granulosa, Lecidea granulosa, L. quadricolor
pseudogranulosa Coppins & P. James
steppica McCune & Camacho (McCune et al. 2002)
viridescens (Schrader) Coppins & P. James Syns.: Biatora
viridescens, Lecidea viridescens, Micarea viridescens
californica
McCune & Camacho (McCune et al. 2002)
= T. glaucopholis
wallrothii
(Flörke ex Sprengel) Hertel & Gotth. Schneider North American reports are T. californica
(McCune et al. 2002)
TREMATOSPHAERIOPSIS
Elenkin
*parmeliana (Jacz.) Elenkin (Hafellner 2001)
TREMELLA Pers.
*caloplacae (Zahlbr.) Diederich (Diederich
2003)
*candelariellae Diederich &
Etayo (Harris 2006a)
*cetrariicola Diederich & Coppins (Diederich 1996)
*christiansenii Diederich (Freebury
2014)
*cladoniae Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 1996)
*coppinsii Diederich & G. Marson
(Seaward et al. 2017)
*dendrographae Diederich & Tehler (Diederich 1996)
*diploschistina Millanes, M. Westb.,
Wedin & Diederich (Millanes et al. 2012)
*dirinariae Diederich, Millanes
& Wedin (Ariyawansa et al. 2015)
*everniae Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*graphidis Diederich, Millanes,
Wedin & Common (Ariyawansa et al. 2015)
*haematommatis Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*harrisii Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*hypogymniae Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 1996)
*imshaugiae
Diederich, Coppins, R. C. Harris, Millanes & Wedin (Diederich et al. 2020)
*lethariae
Diederich (Diederich 2003)
*lichenicola Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*mayrhoferi J. C. Zamora, Millanes,
Etayo & Wedin (Zamora et al. 2018)
*nashii Diederich (Diederich 2007a)
*nephromatis Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*nieblae Diederich & van den
Boom (Diederich 2007a)
*papuana Diederich (Diederich 2003)
*parmeliarum Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*pertusariae Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*phaeographinae Diederich & Aptroot (Diederich 1996)
*phaeophysciae Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 2003)
*pyrenulae Diederich, Millanes,
Wedin & Common (Ariyawansa et al. 2015)
*ramalinae Diederich (Diederich 2003)
*tuckerae Diederich (Diederich
2007a)
*wedinii
Diederich, Common & Millanes (Diederich et al. 2019)
*leptogii
Diederich (Diederich 2003) According to
Diederich (2004b), in N.A. known only from Mexico.
TREMOLECIA M. Choisy
atrata (Ach.) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea atrata, L. dicksonii auct.
jurana (Schaerer) Hertel = Farnoldia jurana
micropsis (A. Massal.) Hertel = Farnoldia micropsis
nivalis (Anzi) Hertel = Farnoldia micropsis
TRICHARIA Fée
cretacea Vězda
cuneata L. I. Ferraro & Vězda
(Lücking et al. 2007)
duotela W. B. Sanders & Lücking
(Sanders & Lücking 2015)
floridensis Lücking & W. R. Buck
(Lücking et al. 2007)
santessonii D. Hawksw.
subumbrosa Lücking & W. R. Buck
(Lücking et al. 2007)
tuckerae Lücking & W. R. Buck
(Lücking et al. 2007)
vainioi R. Sant. (Lücking et al.
2007)
melanothrix Fée = T. santessonii and T. vezdae for North American records
vezdae
W. R. Buck = Gyalideopsis buckii
TRICHONECTRIA
Kirschst.
*anisospora (Lowen) van den Boom & Diederich Syns.: Nectriella anisospora, Pronectria
anisospora (Diederich et al. 2018)
*rubefaciens (Ellis & Everh.) Diederich & Schroers (Sèrusiaux et
al. 1999) Syns.: Nectria rubefaciens,
Nectriopsis rubefaciens (Diederich et al. 2018)
TRICHORAMALINA Rundel & Bowler
crinita (Tuck.) Rundel & Bowler Syn.: Ramalina crinita
TRICHOSPHAERELLA E.
Bommer, M. Rousseau & Sacc.
*buckii R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Lendemer et al. 2016c)
TRICHOSPHAERIA
Fuckel
*lichenum P. Karsten & Har.
(Zhurbenko 2009b)
TRICHOTHELIUM Müll. Arg. (Harris
2005)
americanum Lendemer (Lendemer 2016b)
epiphyllum Müll. Arg.
aeneum (Wallr.) R. C. Harris = Pseudosagedia aenea
angustisporum Cáceres &
Lücking (Lücking & Cáceres 2001)
North American reports are T. americanum (Lendemer 2016b)
cestrense (E. Michener) R. C. Harris = Pseudosagedia cestrensis
chloroticum (Ach.) R. C. Harris = Pseudosagedia chlorotica
crocynioides R. C. Harris = Pseudosagedia crocynioides
guentheri (Flotow) R. C. Harris = Pseudosagedia guentheri
horridulum (Müll. Arg.) R.
Sant. North American reports are T.
americanum (Lendemer 2016b)
isidiatum R. C. Harris = Pseudosagedia isidiata
lineare (Leighton) R. C. Harris = Porina linearis
nitidulum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Pseudosagedia nitidula
rhaphidospermum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Pseudosagedia rhaphidosperma
thaxteri (R. Sant.) R. C. Harris = Pseudosagedia thaxteri
TRIMMATOSTROMA Corda
*commonii Diederich, Zhurb. & van
den Boom (Diederich et al. 2020)
*dendrographae Diederich, Ertz, U.
Braun & Heuchert (Kocourková et al. 2012)
TRIMMATOTHELE Norman ex Zahlbr.
perquisita (Norman) Norman ex
Zahlbr. (Fryday 2017)
umbellulariae
Herre = Anisomeridium biforme (Lendemer & Knudsen 2007)
TRIMMATOTHELOPSIS Zschacke (Knudsen
& Lendemer 2016)
americana (K. Knudsen &
Lendemer) K. Knudsen & Lendemer Syns.: Melanophloea americana, Thelenella
americana (Knudsen & Lendemer 2016)
dispersa (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen &
Lendemer Syn.: Acarospora dispersa
(Knudsen & Lendemer 2016)
oreophila
(K. Knudsen) K. Knudsen, Kocourk., Hodková & Wang Syn.: Acarospora oreophila (Knudsen et al.
2021c)
sphaerosperma (K. Knudsen & R. C. Harris) K. Knudsen &
Kocourk. Syn.: Acarospora sphaerosperma
(Knudsen et al. 2021c)
terricola (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen
& Lendemer Syn.: Acarospora
terricola (Knudsen & Lendemer 2016)
TRINATHOTREMA Lücking, Rivas Plata
& Mangold
stictideum (Nyl.) Lücking, R.
Miranda & Kalb Syns.: Conotrema albonigrum, Ocellularia stictidea,
Thelotrema texanum (Lücking et al. 2011)
TRYPETHELIUM Sprengel
eluteriae Sprengel
subeluteriae Makhija & Patwardhan (Harris 1995a)
aeneum
(Eschw.) Zahlbr. = Astrothelium aeneum
annulare (Fée) Mont. = Astrothelium floridanum for North American records
carolinianum Tuck. = Bathelium carolinianum
catervarium (Fée) Tuck. = Astrothelium variolosum
cruentum Mont. = Pyrenula cruenta
exocanthum Tuck. = Viridothelium virens
favulosum Ach. (Fink 1935) Questionable
for North America (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
floridanum (Zahlbr. ex M.
Choisy) R. C. Harris = Astrothelium floridanum
marcidum (Fée) Aptroot (Lücking et al. 2011b) = Astrothelium marcidum
mastoideum (Ach.) Ach. = misidentification for North America (Harris 1995a)
nitidiusculum
(Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Astrothelium nitidiusculum
ochroleucum
(Eschw.) Nyl. = Astrothelium phlyctaena
pallescens Fée = Astrothelium phlyctaena
porosum (Eschw.) Ach. (Fink 1935) =
Astrothelium porosum
scoria Fée (Mohr 1901) = Astrothelium scoria
scorites Tuck. = Viridothelium virens
tropicum
(Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Nigrovothelium tropicum
variatum Nyl. (Fink 1935) = Astrothelium variatum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking,
but questionable for North America (Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
variolosum
Ach. (Harris 1995a) = Astrothelium variolosum
virens
Tuck. ex E. Michener = Viridothelium virens
TUCKERMANELLA Essl
arizonica Essl. (Esslinger 2003)
coralligera (W. A. Weber) Essl. Syns.: Cetraria coralligera,
Tuckermannopsis coralligera (Esslinger 2003)
fendleri (Nyl.) Essl. Syns.: Cetraria fendleri,
Tuckermannopsis fendleri (Esslinger 2003)
weberi (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Cetraria weberi (Esslinger 2003)
pseudoweberi
Essl. Erroneously listed here; reported
only from Mexico (Esslinger 2003)
TUCKERMANNOPSIS Gyelnik
americana (Sprengel) Hale Syns.: Cetraria halei, C. ciliaris
var. halei
chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale Syns.: Cetraria chlorophylla, C. scutata auct. non
(Wulfen) Poetsch
ciliaris (Ach.) Gyelnik Syn.: Cetraria ciliaris
orbata (Nyl.) M. J. Lai Syn.: Cetraria orbata
platyphylla (Tuck.) Hale Syn.: Cetraria platyphylla Placement uncertain (Thell et al. 2009)
sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale Syn.: Cetraria sepincola, C. scutata
(Wulfen) Poetsch non auct. Placement
uncertain (Thell et al. 2009)
subalpina (Imshaug) Kärnefelt Syns: Cetraria subalpina, C.
arborialis Placement uncertain (Thell et
al. 2009)
aurescens (Tuck.) Hale = Ahtiana aurescens
"californica" = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis (Räsänen) Hale = Vulpicida canadensis
coralligera (W. A. Weber) W. A. Weber = Tuckermanella coralligera
fendleri (Nyl.) Hale = Tuckermanella
fendleri
halei (W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.) M. J. Lai = T. americana
inermis (Nyl.) Kärnefelt = Masonhalea inermis
juniperina (L.) Hale = Old North American records are Vulpicida canadensis or
V. viridis
juniperina (L.) Hale = Vulpicida juniperina
merrillii (Du Rietz) Hale = Kaernefeltia merrillii
oakesiana (Tuck.) Hale = Usnocetraria oakesiana
pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Hale = Ahtiana pallidula
pinastri (Scop.) Hale = Vulpicida pinastri
viridis (Schwein.) Hale = Vulpicida viridis
[Cetraria weberi Essl.] = Tuckermanella weberi
TURGIDOSCULUM
Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.
complicatulum (Nyl.) Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. = Mastodia tessellata
TYLOPHORON Nyl. ex Stizenb.
hibernicum (D. Hawksw., Coppins
& P. James) Ertz, Diederich, Bungartz & Tibell (Lendemer et al. 2013)
moderatum Nyl.
americanum Lendemer, E. Tripp & R. C. Harris (Lendemer et al. 2013) =
Sporodophoron americanum (Frisch et al. 2015)
protrudens
Nyl. North American reports were
misidentifications of T. hibernicum (Lendemer et al. 2013)
TYLOTHALLIA P. James & H. Kilias
biformigera (Leighton) P. James & H. Kilias Syns.:
Catillaria biformigera, C. bahusiensis
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C D E
F G H
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V W X
Z References Cited
UMBILICARIA Hoffm.
americana Poelt & T. H. Nash
angulata Tuck. Syn.: Gyrophora angulata
aprina Nyl.
arctica (Ach.) Nyl. Syn.: Gyrophora arctica
cinereorufescens (Schaerer) Frey
crustulosa (Ach.) Frey Syn.: Omphalodiscus crustulosus
cylindrica (L.) Delise ex Duby Syn.: Gyrophora cylindrica
decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. Syns.: Omphalodiscus decussatus,
Gyrophora decussata
deusta (L.) Baumg. Syns.: Gyrophora deusta, G. flocculosa
dura McCune (McCune 2018)
havaasii Llano
hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Ach.
hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var. hyperborea
Syn.: Gyrophora hyperborea
hyperborea var. radicicula (J. E. Zetterst.)
Hasselrot
lambii Imshaug
leiocarpa DC. Syn.: Agyrophora leiocarpa
lyngei Schol. Syn.: Agyrophora lyngei
mammulata (Ach.) Tuck. Syn.: Gyrophora dillenii
muhlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. Syns.: Actinogyra muhlenbergii,
Gyrophora muhlenbergii
multistrata McCune (McCune 2018)
nodulospora McCune, Di Meglio &
M. J. Curtis (McCune et al. 2014a)
nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) H. Magn.
phaea Tuck. Syn.: Gyrophora phaea
polaris (Schol.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Omphalodiscus krascheninnikovii auct.
polyphylla (L.) Baumg.
Syn.: Gyrophora polyphylla
polyrhiza (L.) Fr.
Syns.: Actinogyra polyrhiza, Gyrophora polyrhiza
proboscidea (L.) Schrader
Syn.: Gyrophora proboscidea
rigida (Du Rietz) Frey
Syns.: U. coriacea, Agyrophora rigida, Gyrophora anthracina
scholanderi (Llano) Krog
Syn.: Agyrophora scholanderi
semitensis Tuck. (Fink 1935; McCune
& Curtis 2012)
subglabra (Nyl.) Harm. (Nash et al. 1998)
torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader Syn.: Gyrophora erosa, G.
torrefacta
vellea (L.) Ach. Syn.: Gyrophora vellea
virginis Schaerer
Syns.: Omphalodiscus virginis, Gyrophora rugifera
aenea (Schaerer) Schaerer (Tuckerman 1882) = U. polyphylla
angulata Tuck. var. semitensis (Tuck.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = U. semitensis
anthracina (Wulfen) Hoffm. (Tuckerman 1882) = U. polyphylla
anthracina var. reticulata
(Schaerer) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = U. decussata
arctica var. diomedensis G. Merr. ex Llano = U. arctica
atropruinosa Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) Identity uncertain
caroliniana Tuck. = Lasallia
caroliniana
coriacea Imshaug = U. rigida
dillenii Tuck. = U. mammulata
erosa (Weber) Ach. (Tuckerman 1882) = U. torrefacta
flocculosa (Wulfen) Hoffm.
(Tuckerman 1882) = U. deusta
grisea Hoffm. = misidentification for North America
(Esslinger & Tucker 2009)
hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Ach. var. grisea Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = U. grisea, a
misidentification for North America
intermedia Frey = U. hyperborea
krascheninnikovii
(Savicz) Zahlbr. North American reports
are U. polaris (Davydov et al. 2011)
muhlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. var. alpina Tuck. (Tuckerman 1882) = U. muhlenbergii
Umbilicaria murina (Ach.) DC.
(Tuckerman 1882) = U. grisea, a misidentification for North America
papulosa (Ach.) Nyl. = Lasallia papulosa
pensylvanica Hoffm. = Lasallia pensylvanica
proboscidea (L.) Schrader var. arctica (Ach.) Fr. (Tuckerman 1882) = U. arctica
pustulata (L.) Hoffm. = Lasallia pustulata
pustulata var. papulosa (Ach.) Tuck. = Lasallia papulosa
rugifera Nyl. (Tuckerman 1882) = U. virginis
tylorrhiza (Nyl.) Nyl.
(Tuckerman 1882) = U. vellea
UNGUICULARIOPSIS Rehm
*lettaui (Grummann) Coppins (Diederich 2003)
*refractiva (Coppins) Coppins
(Zhurbenko 2009a)
*thallophila (P. Karsten) W. Y. Zhuang (Diederich 2003)
*fasciculata Etayo (Etayo &
Triebel 2010) = Protounguicularia fasciculata (Diederich et al. 2018)
*nephromatis Zhurb. & Zavarzin (Zhurbenko 2007b) = Protounguicularia
nephromatis
URCEOLARIA Hooker = ASPICILIA
actinostoma Ach. = Diploschistes actinostomus
albissima (Ach.) Fink = Diploschistes diacapsis
scruposa (Schreber) Ach. = Diploschistes scruposus
USNEA Dill. ex Adanson
aculeata Motyka (apparent nomen nudum, identity uncertain)
affinis Motyka (apparent nomen nudum, identity uncertain)
alpina Motyka
amabilis Motyka
amblyoclada (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (Clerc & Herrera-Campos
1997)
angulata Ach.
australis Fr.
baileyi (Stirton) Zahlbr.
brasiliensis (Zahlbr.) Motyka
(Pérez-Vargas et al. 2010)
brattiae P. Clerc (Clerc 2007)
californica Herre
capillaris Motyka
catenulata Motyka (Identification uncertain)
cavernosa Tuck.
ceratina Ach.
chaetophora Stirton (Halonen et al. 1998)
cirrosa Motyka
condensata Motyka
cornuta Körber subsp. cornuta
cristatula Motyka (Knudsen & Lendemer 2006)
cylindrica P. Clerc (Dillman et al.
2012)
dasaea Stirton (Clerc & Herrera-Campos 1997)
dasopoga (Ach.) Nyl. (Arcadia 2013)
deformis Motyka
dimorpha (Müll. Arg.) Motyka
diplotypus Vainio (Halonen et al. 1998)
endochrysea Stirton
entoviolata Motyka (Clerc 2004,
Lendemer & Tripp 2008)
erinacea Vainio (Tavares & Sanders 1998; Clerc 2011)
esperantiana Clerc (Halonen et al. 1998)
evansii Motyka
fibrillosa Motyka
flammea Stirton (Clerc & May
2007)
flavocardia Räsänen (Clerc 2004)
florida (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. (questionable for North
America, Tavares & Sanders 1998)
fragilescens Hav. ex Lynge
fragilescens var. mollis (Vainio) Clerc
freyi Motyka
fulvoreagens (Räsänen) Räsänen
furfurosula (Zahlbr.) Motyka
glabrata (Ach.) Vainio
glabrescens (Nyl. ex Vainio) Vainio
graciosa Motyka (Identification uncertain)
halei P. Clerc (Clerc & Herrera-Campos 1997)
hirta (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg.
intermedia (A. Massal.) Jatta (Clerc 2007)
lambii (Imshaug) Wirtz &
Lumbsch Syn.: Neuropogon lambii (Wirtz
et al. 2008; Lumbsch & Wirtz 2011)
leucosticta Vainio
macaronesica P. Clerc (Clerc 2011)
meridionalis Zahlbr. Syn.: U. michauxii (Gerlach et al. 2017)
merrillii Motyka
mexicana Vainio (Truong et al. 2013)
mirabilis Motyka
monstruosa Vainio
mutabilis Stirton
myrmaiacaina P. Clerc (Clerc 2007)
nidulans Motyka (Halonen et al. 1998)
occidentalis Motyka
pacificana P. Halonen (Halonen 2000)
parafloridana K. Mark, Will-Wolf
& Randlane (Mark et al. 2016)
parvula Motyka (Clerc 2007)
perhispidella J. Steiner (Clerc
2016)
perplexans Stirton (Clerc 2016)
poliotrix Kremp. (Clerc 2016)
praetervisa (Asahina) P. Clerc (Clerc 2004)
quasirigida Lendemer & Tavares (Lendemer & Tavares
2003)
ramillosa Motyka
roseola Vainio
rubicunda Stirton
scabrata Nyl.
scholanderi Llano
silesiaca Motyka (Tavares 1997; Gams 2004)
silvatica Motyka
sphacelata R. Br. Syns.: Neuropogon sphacelatus, N. sulphureus from N.A.
strigosa (Ach.) Eaton subsp. strigosa
strigosa subsp. major (Michaux) I. Tav.
strigosa subsp. rubiginea (Michaux) I. Tav.
Syn.: U. rubiginea
subcornuta Stirton (Brodo et al. 2001)
subdasaea Truong & P. Clerc (Clerc 2016)
subfloridana Stirton
subfusca Stirton
subgracilis Vainio (Tavares 1997; Clerc 2004; Truong et al.
2013)
subrubicunda P. Clerc (Clerc 2011)
subscabrosa Nyl. ex Motyka
transitoria Motyka (Truong et al.
2013)
trichodea Ach.
tristis Motyka
vainioi Motyka
variegata Stirton
wasmuthii Räsänen
xanthopoga Nyl.
ammannii
P. Clerc & Herrera-Campos In North
America, only known in Mexico (Clerc & Herrera-Campos 1997)
antillarum (Vainio) Zahlbr. = U. baileyi
arizonica
Motyka = U. intermedia (Clerc 2007)
articulata (L.) Hoffm. = misidentification for North America
barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg. = misidentification for North America?
barbata var. xanthopoga Müll. Arg. = U. xanthopoga
betulina Motyka = (?) U. glabrescens
cornuta subsp. brasiliensis (Zahlbr.) P. Clerc (Clerc 2007) = U. brasiliensis
caucasica Vainio = (?) U. dasopoga
ciliifera Motyka (apparent nomen nudum) = U. cirrosa (fide J. Lendemer)
comosa auct. = U. subfloridana
compacta (Räsänen) Motyka = U. glabrescens
confusa
Asahina = U. cornuta
diffracta Vainio (Lendemer et al. 2008c) = Dolichousnea diffracta (Articus
2004)
diplotypus Vainio = saxicolous specimens were misidentification for North
America (Clerc & Herrera-Campos 1997)
distincta Motyka = U. glabrescens
duriuscula Motyka = U.
mexicana (Truong et al. 2013) However,
the two names represent different chemotypes
esthonica Räsänen = U. dasopoga
filipendula Stirton = U.
dasopoga (Arcadia 2013)
finkii
Zahlbr. = U. transitoria (Truong et al. 2013)
flagellata Motyka = U. dasopoga
globularis Motyka = U. amblyoclada
herrei Hale = nom. nud.
hesperina
Motyka = U. subgracilis
implicita (Stirton) Zahlbr. = U. baileyi
inflata Delise ex Duby nom. nudum = U. cornuta
kujalae Räsänen = U. glabrata
lapponica
Vainio = U. perplexans (Clerc 2016)
laricina
Vainio ex Räsänen = (?) U. lapponica
longissima
Ach. = Dolichousnea longissima (Articus 2004)
madeirensis
Motyka = U. silesiaca
michauxii
I. Tav. = U. meridionalis (Gerlach et al. 2017)
mollis Stirton = U. fragilescens var. mollis
montana Motyka = misidentification for North America
nashii
P. Clerc & Herrera-Campos In North
America, only known in Mexico (Clerc & Herrera-Campos 1997)
pachyclada
Motyka = U. ceratina (Clerc 2007)
pensylvanica
Motyka = U. rubicunda (Clerc 2007)
perplectata
Motyka = U. baileyi (Clerc 2007)
perplexans Stirton (Clerc 1987) = an Asian taxon, not present in North America
plicata (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. = misidentification for North America
prostrata Vainio ex Räsänen = U. barbata, misidentification for North America?
retifera
Motyka = U. intermedia (Clerc 2007)
rigida (Ach.) Motyka (Halonen et al. 1998) = U. quasirigida
rubiginea (Michaux) A. Massal. = U. strigosa subsp. rubiginea
rugulosa Vainio = U. scabrata
scabiosa
Motyka = U. scabrata (Clerc 2007)
scabrata subsp. nylanderiana Motyka = chemotype of U. scabrata
schadenbergiana Göpp. & Stein (Clerc 2007)
N.A. reports are U. subgracilis (Truong et al. 2013)
shimadai Asahina In North America, only
known in Mexico (Clerc 2004)
similis Motyka ex Räsänen = U. subfloridana
sorediifera (Arnold) Lynge = U. glabrata
sorediifera sensu Motyka = U. substerilis (Clerc 2007)
spinulifera (Vainio) Motyka = U.
dasaea (Clerc 2007)
stuppea
(Räsänen) Motyka = U. substerilis (Clerc 2007)
subcavata Motyka = U. perplectata
subhirta (Vainio) Motyka = U.
cornuta subsp. cornuta (Clerc 2007)
sublaxa Vainio = U. dasopoga
substerilis
Motyka = U. lapponica (Mark et al. 2016)
sulphurea Th. Fr. (Tuckerman
1882) Reports from Arctic America = Usnea sphacelata
variolosa Motyka = U. hirta (Clerc 1997)
wirthii Clerc = U. flavocardia
USNOCETRARIA M. J. Lai & C. J.
Wei
oakesiana (Tuck.) M. J. Lai & C.
J. Wei Syns.: Allocetraria oakesiana, Cetraria oakesiana,
Tuckermannopsis oakesiana (Thell et al. 2009)
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Z References Cited
VAHLIELLA P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen
2008)
californica (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen
2008) Syns. Fuscopannaria californica, Pannaria
microphylla var. californica
globigera (Fryday & P. M. Jørg.)
P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2008) Syn.:
Fuscopannaria globigera
hookerioides (P. M. Jørg.) P. M.
Jørg. (Jørgensen 2008) Syn.: Fuscopannaria
hookerioides
labrata (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg.
(Jørgensen 2008) Syn.: Fuscopannaria
labrata
leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2008) Syns.: Fuscopannaria leucophaea, Pannaria
leucophaea, Parmeliella microphylla
saubinetii (Mont.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen
2008) Syns.: Fuscopannaria saubinetii,
Parmeliella saubinetii
VAINIONORA Kalb
americana Kalb, Tønsberg &
Elix (Kalb 2004b)
VARICELLARIA Nyl.
lactea (L.) Schmitt & Lumbsch
(McMullin et al. 2017, Tønsberg 2018)
rhodocarpa (Körber) Th. Fr. Syn.: Pertusaria rhodocarpa
velata (Turner) Schmitt &
Lumbsch (Schmitt et al. 2012) Syn.: Pertusaria velata
kemensis Räsänen = V. rhodocarpa
VARIOLARIA Pers. (Lendemer et al. 2013,
Lendemer & Harris 2017)
amara Ach. = Lepra amara
multipunctoides (Dibben) Lendemer, Hodkinson & R. C. Harris = Lepra
multipunctoides
ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Darb. = Lepra ophthalmiza
pustulata (Brodo & W. L. Culb.) Lendemer, Hodkinson & R. C. Harris = Lepra pustulata
trachythallina (Erichsen) Lendemer, Hodkinson & R. C. Harris = Lepra trachythallina
waghornei (Hulting) Darb. = Lepra waghornei
VARIOSPORA Arup, Søchting &
Frödén (Arup et al. 2013)
aurantia (Pers.) Arup, Søchting
& Frödén Syns.: Caloplaca aurantia,
C. callopisma
#velana (A. Massal.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén Syn.: Caloplaca velana
VERMILACINIA Spjut & Hale
(Spjut 1996) = NIEBLA (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
acicularis Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla ceruchoides
cephalota (Tuck.) Spjut & Hale
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla cephalota
cerebra Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
ceruchoides (Rundel & Bowler) Spjut
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla ceruchoides
combeoides (Nyl.) Spjut & Hale
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla combeoides
corrugata Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
howei Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
laevigata (Rundel & Bowler) Spjut
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla laevigata
leopardina Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
nylanderi Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
paleoderma Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
laevigata
polymorpha (Bowler, Marsh, T. H. Nash & Riefner) Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla polymorpha
procera (Bowler & Rundel) Spjut
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla procera
pumila Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchoides
reptiloderma Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla cedrosensis
robusta (Howe) Spjut & Hale (Spjut
1996) = Niebla robusta
tigrina (Follmann) Spjut & Hale
(Spjut 1996) = misidentification for North America
tuberculata (Riefner, Bowler, J. E. Marsh & T. H. Nash) Spjut (Spjut 1996)
= Niebla tuberculata
zebrina Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
VERRUCARIA Schrader
acrotella Ach.
adelminienii Zschacke (Breuss 2007b)
aethiobola Wahlenb.
alutacea Wallr. (Breuss 2007b)
americana (B. de Lesd.) Breuss Syn.: Endopyrenium americanum (Breuss 2007b)
amylacea Hepp
anziana
Garov. (Spribille et al. 2020)
applanata Hepp
aquatilis
Mudd (Spribille et al. 2020)
arctica Lynge
aspecta Breuss (Breuss 2007b)
asperula Servít (Breuss 2007b)
beltraminiana (A. Massal.) Trevisan (Breuss 2007b)
bernaicensis Malbr. (Breuss 2007b)
#bernardinensis Breuss (Breuss 2007b)
boccana Servít (Knudsen & Kocourková 2012b)
breussii Diederich & van den Boom (McCune et al. 2014b)
bryoctona (Th. Fr.) A. Orange (Breuss 2002b)
caerulea DC.
calkinsiana Servít
carbonusta Breuss (Hutten et al.
2013)
cataleptoides (Nyl.) Nyl.
#cetera
Breuss (Breuss 1998)
ceuthocarpa Wahlenb.
confluens A. Massal. (Breuss 2007b, McCune et al. 2014b)
dacryodes Nyl.
degelii R. Sant.
denudata Zschacke (McMullin et al.
2017)
deversa Vainio
ditmarsica Erichsen
divergens Nyl.
dolomitica (A. Massal.) Kremp.
(McCune et al. 2014b)
dolosa Hepp
elaeina Borrer (Breuss 2007b,
Knudsen 2007c)
elaeomelaena (A. Massal.) Arnold
endocarpoides Servít (Breuss 2007b)
epimaura Brodo (Brodo &
Santesson 1997)
erichsenii Zschacke
#falcata Breuss (Breuss 2007b)
fayettensis Servít
finkiana Servít
fischeri Müll. Arg. (McCune et al.
2014b)
floerkeana Dalla Torre & Sarnth
(Breuss 2007b)
fraudulosa Nyl. (Breuss 2007b)
funckii (Sprengel) Zahlbr.
furfuracea (B. de Lesd.) Breuss
(Breuss 2007b, Knudsen 2007c)
fusca Pers. (Tucker et al. 2006)
fuscoatroides Servít (Knudsen
& La Doux 2006)
fusconigrescens Nyl.
glaucovirens Grummann
halizoa Leighton
hochstetteri Fr. (McCune et al.
2014b)
hydrela Ach.
illinoisensis Servít
incrassata Breuss (Breuss 2007b)
#inficiens
Breuss Syns.: Catapyrenium plumbeum,
Dermatocarpon plumbeum, Endopyrenium plumbeum
(Breuss 1998)
inornata Servít (Breuss 2007b)
integra (Nyl.) Nyl.
internigrescens (Nyl.) Erichsen
iovensis Servít
kondaensis Vainio (McCune et al.
2014b)
kootenaica Breuss & T. Sprib. (Breuss & Spribille
2001)
latebrosa Körber (Spribille et al.
2010)
lobata J. W. Thomson
macrostoma Dufour ex DC.
maculicarpa Breuss (Breuss 2007b)
margacea (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb.
memnonia (Flotow) Arnold (Tucker et
al. 2006, Breuss 2007b)
mimicrans Servít (Breuss 2007b, Knudsen 2007c)
minor
Breuss (Breuss 2007b) Syn.:
Verruculopsis minutum (Krzewicka 2012)
muralis Ach.
murorum (Arnold) Lindau (Breuss
2007b)
nigrescens Pers.
nigrescentoidea Fink
nigrofusca Servít (Bruess 2007b)
novomexicana B. de Lesd.
obductilis (Nyl.) Zschacke (Nash et al. 1998)
obnigrescens Nyl.
obsoleta Lynge
olivascens Servít (Breuss 2021)
onegensis Vainio (Breuss 2007b)
ossiseda Lynge
othmarii K. Knudsen & Arcadia
(Knudsen & Kocourková 2012a)
phaeothelena Th. Fr.
phloeophila Breuss (Breuss 2002b)
pinguicula A. Massal.
poeltii (Servít) Breuss (McCune et
al. 2014b)
praetermissa (Trevisan) Anzi
prominula Nyl.
prosoplectenchymatica Servít (Breuss
2007b)
pseudonigrescens Servít
putnae Servít (McCune et al. 2014b)
quercina Breuss (Breuss 2007b)
riddleana R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
ruderella Nyl.
rufofuscella Servít (Breuss 2007b,
Knudsen 2007c)
rupestris Schrader
sandstedei B. de Lesd.
schindleri Servít (Breuss 2007b)
schofieldii Brodo (Brodo &
Santesson 1997)
silicicola Fink
sorbicola Servít
sordida Fink
sphaerospora Anzi (Goward et al. 1996)
sphinctrina Ach.
subdivisa Breuss (Breuss 2007b)
subglaucina B. de Lesd.
submersella Servít
submuralis Nyl.
subvirens Servít (McCune et al.
2014b)
tectorum (A. Massal.) Körber
thujae Lendemer & Breuss
(Lendemer & Breuss 2009)
trabicola Arnold ex Servít (Nash et al. 1998, Breuss 2007b)
turgida Servít (Breuss 2007b,
Knudsen 2007c)
umbrinula Nyl.
viridigrana Breuss (Breuss 2002b)
viridula (Schrader) Ach.
xyloxena Norman (Breuss 2002b)
amphibia
Clemente = Hydropunctaria amphibia (Orange 2012)
aquilella
Nyl. = V. aethiobola
bacillosa Nyl. = Sarcopyrenia bacillosa
baldensis A. Massal. (Halda 2003) = Bagliettoa baldensis (Breuss
2007b)
calciseda
DC. = Bagliettoa calciseda
canella
Nyl. = Placopyrenium canellum
cestrensis Tuck. ex E. Michener = Pseudosagedia cestrensis
circumspersella Nyl. = Thelidium circumspersellum, but apparent
misidentification for North America (Nash 2002)
#compacta (A. Massal.) Jatta
(Knudsen & La Doux 2005) = Heteroplacidium compactum
consequella Nyl. (Nylander 1891) = Arthopyrenia
consequella (Identity uncertain)
devergescens Nyl. = V. margacea
diffractella Nyl. = Willeya diffractella
disjuncta Arnold = Parabagliettoa disjuncta
exalbida Nyl. = Polyblastia exalbida
fulva
Cumm. Identity uncertain, illegitimate
homonym of V. fulva Hoffm. (Dillman et al. 2012)
fuscella
(Turner) Winch = Placopyrenium fuscellum
fuscella var. glaucina (Ach.) Schaerer = V. caerulea
glaucina Ach. = V. caerulea
hymnothora Ach. = Granulopyrenis hymnothora
iowensis Servít = V. fayettensis
intercedens Nyl. = Polyblastia cupularis
kernstockii Zschacke = Hydropunctaria rheitrophila
laevata Ach. = V. aethiobola
lecideoides
(A. Massal.) Trevisan = Placopyrenium lecideoides
marmorea
(Scop.) Arnold = Bagliettoa marmorea (Yuzon et al. 2014)
maura
Wahlenb. = Hydropunctaria maura
melas
Herre = Wahlenbergiella striatula (Knudsen 2012)
microbola Tuck. = Thelidium fontigenum
microspora auct. = V. halizoa
microspora Nyl. = V. striatula
mucosa
Wahlenb. = Wahlenbergiella mucosa
mutabilis Borrer ex Leighton = nom. illegit.
obtenta Nyl. = Sporodictyon terrestre (Dillman et al. 2012)
papillosa
Ach. (Breuss 2007b, Knudsen et al. 2008b) = V. viridula (Orange 2004)
papillosa Flörke non Ach. = V. floerkeana (Breuss 2007b)
pernigrata Nyl. = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides (Dillman et al. 2012)
perpusilla Russell (Fink 1935) = Thelidium perpusillum (A. W. Russell)
Zahlbr. Uncertain for North America
rheitrophila
Zschacke = Hydropunctaria rheitrophila
rubrocincta
Breuss (Breuss 2000) = Bagliettoa rubrocincta (Yuzon et al. 2014)
rupicola (B. de Lesd.) Breuss non (L.) Humb. = V. othmarii (Knudsen &
Kocourková 2012a)
sprucei (Lönnr.) Bab (Fink 1935) = Thelidium papulare (Nimis
& Martellos 2003)
stanfordii
Herre = Placopyrenium stanfordii
striatula
Wahlenb. = Wahlenbergiella striatula
submersa Schaerer = V. submersella
subsuperficialis Fink = V. striatula
tavaresiae
R. Moe (Moe 1997) = Wahlenbergiella tavaresiae
terebrata (Mudd) Leighton (Fink 1935) = Staurothele rupifraga (Smith 1926)
virens Nyl. = V. glaucovirens
zamenhofiana
Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Heteroplacidium zamenhofianum (Kocourková et al.
2012)
VERRUCOCCUM V. Atienza, D. Hawksw. & Pérez-Ort. (Atienza et al.
2021)
*spribillei V. Atienza, D. Hawksw. & Pérez-Ort.
VERRUCULOPSIS Gueidan, Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux
minutum (Hepp) Krzewicka = Verrucaria minor
VESTERGRENOPSIS Gyelnik =
TINGIOPSIDIUM (Hafellner & Spribille 2016)
elaeina
(Wahlenb.) Gyelnik = Tingiopsidium elaeinum
isidiata
(Degel.) E. Dahl = Tingiopsidium isidiatum
sonomensis (Tuck.) T. Sprib. & Muggia (Spribille & Muggia 2012) =
Tingiopsidium sonomense
VEZDAEA Tschermak-Woess & Poelt
acicularis Coppins (Brodo 2001;
Lendemer & Yahr 2004)
#aestivalis (Ohlert) Tscherm.-Woess & Poelt (Spribille et al. 2020)
cobria Giralt, Poelt & Suanjak (Spribille et al. 2020)
leprosa (P. James) Vězda (Buck et al. 1999)
retigera Poelt & Döbbeler
(Lendemer & Yahr 2004)
rheocarpa Poelt & Döbbeler (Westberg 2004b)
schuyleriana Lendemer (Lendemer
2011c)
stipitata Poelt & Döbbeler
VIGNERONIA
Ertz (Ertz et al. 2015b)
cypressi (R. C. Harris) Ertz &
Tehler
VIOLELLA T.
Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2011a)
fucata (Stirton) T. Sprib. Syn.: Mycoblastus fucatus
VIRIDOTHELIUM Lücking, M. P. Nelsen
& Aptroot
virens (Tuck. ex Michener) Lücking,
M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot Syn.:
Trypethelium virens (Aptroot et al. 2016)
VOUAUXIELLA Petrak & Sydow
*lichenicola (Lindsay) Petrak & Sydow (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*verrucosa (Vouaux) Petrak & Sydow (Diederich 2003)
VOUAUXIOMYCES Dyko & D. Hawksw.
*truncatus (B. de Lesd.) Dyko & D. Hawksw. (= anamorph of
Abrothallus microspermus)
VULPICIDA J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai
canadensis (Räsänen) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai Syns.:
Cetraria canadensis, Tuckermannopsis canadensis
juniperina (L.) J.-E. Mattsson &
M. J. Lai (Saag et al. 2014)
pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai Syns.:
Cetraria pinastri, Tuckermannopsis pinastri
viridis (Schwein.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai Syns.: Cetraria viridis,
Tuckermannopsis viridis
tilesii
(Ach.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai = Vulpicida juniperina (Saag et al. 2014)
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WAHLENBERGIELLA Gueidan & Thüs
(Gueidan et al. 2009)
mucosa (Wahlenb.) Gueidan &
Thüs Syn.: Verrucaria mucosa
striatula (Wahlenb.) Gueidan &
Thüs Syns.: Verrucaria melas, V.
striatula
tavaresiae (R. L. Moe) Gueidan,
Thüs, & Pérez-Ortega Syn.:
Verrucaria tavaresiae (Gueidan et al. 2011)
WAYNEA Moberg
californica Moberg
Erroneously listed here as a synonym of W. stoechadiana
stoechadiana (Abbassi Maaf & Cl. Roux) Cl. Roux & Clerc = Not in North
America
WEDDELLOMYCES D. Hawksw.
*xanthoparmeliae Calat. &
Nav.-Ros. (Kocourková & Knudsen 2008)
WENTIOMYCES Koord.
*peltigericola D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole
1998) = Niesslia peltigericola (Gams et al. 2019)
WETMOREANA Arup, Søchting &
Frödén (Arup et al. 2013)
texana (Wetmore & Kärnefelt)
Arup, Frödén & Søchting Syn.:
Caloplaca texana
WILLEYA Müll. Arg. (Gueidan & Lendemer 2015)
diffractella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. Syns.: Endocarpon tenuissimum, E.
diffractellum, Staurothele diffractella, Verrucaria diffractella
WOLSELEYIDEA S. Y. Kondr., E. Farkas & L. Lőkös (Kondratyuk et
al. 2019)
ochroxantha (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr., E. Farkas & L. Lőkös Syns.: Lecidea ochroxantha, Phyllopsora
ochroxantha, P. corallina var. ochroxantha (Kondratyuk et al. 2019)
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Z References Cited
XANTHOCARPIA A. Massal. & De Not. (Arup et al. 2013)
crenulatella (Nyl.) Frödén, Arup &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca crenulatella
erichansenii (S. Y. Kondr., A. Thell,
Kärnefelt & Elix) Frödén, Arup & Søchting. Syn.: Caloplaca erichansenii
feracissima (H. Magn.) Frödén, Arup
& Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca
feracissima
lactea (A. Massal.) A. Massal. Syn.: Caloplaca lactea
marmorata (Bagl.) Frödén, Arup &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca marmorata
tominii (Savicz) Frödén, Arup &
Søchting Syn.: Caloplaca tominii
XANTHOMENDOZA S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt
borealis (R. Sant. & Poelt) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S.
Y. Kondr. Syn.: Xanthoria borealis
(Søchting et al. 2002)
concinna (J. W. Thomson & T. H. Nash) Søchting, Kärnefelt
& S. Y. Kondr. Syn.: Xanthoria
concinna (Søchting et al. 2002)
fallax (Hepp ex Arnold) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y.
Kondr. Syn.: Xanthoria fallax (Søchting
et al. 2002)
fulva (Hoffm.) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y. Kondr. Syn.: Xanthoria fulva (Søchting et al. 2002)
galericulata L. Lindblom (Lindblom 2006)
hasseana (Räsänen) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Xanthoria hasseana (Søchting et al. 2002)
mendozae (Räsänen) S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt Syn.: Xanthoria mendozae (Lindblom 2004a)
montana (L. Lindblom) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Xanthoria montana (Søchting et al. 2002)
oregana (Gyelnik) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y. Kondr. Syn.:
Xanthoria oregana (Søchting et al. 2002)
subramulosa (Räsänen) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y.
Kondr. Syn.: Xanthoria subramulosa
(Søchting et al. 2002) According to
Lindblom (1997), this is a synonym of X. fulva
trachyphylla (Tuck.) Frödén, Arup
& Søchting Syns.: Caloplaca
trachyphylla, Placodium elegans var. trachyphyllum
ulophyllodes (Räsänen) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y. Kondr.
Syn.: Xanthoria ulophyllodes (Søchting et al. 2002)
weberi (S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) L. Lindblom (Lindblom 2006) Syns.: Oxneria weberi, Xanthoria wetmorei
alfredii (S. Y. Kondr. & Poelt) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y. Kondr. =
North American report is X. montana
rosemarieae S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt (Lumbsch et al. 2011) = X. weberi
(Knudsen et al. 2011b)
XANTHOPARMELIA (Vainio) Hale
ahtii (Essl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco
et al. 2004b) Syns.: Neofuscelia ahtii, Parmelia ahtii
ajoensis (T. H. Nash) Egan Syn.: Parmelia ajoensis
amableana (Gyelnik) Hale (Nash
& Elix 2004)
angustiphylla (Gyelnik) Hale
arida Egan & Derstine
atticoides (Essl.) O. Blanco, A.
Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004b) Syns.: Neofuscelia
atticoides, Parmelia atticoides
australasica D. J. Galloway
barbatica (Elix) Egan
brunella (Essl.) O. Blanco, A.
Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004b) Syns.: Neofuscelia
brunella, Parmelia brunella
californica Hale
camtschadalis (Ach.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia camtschadalis
chiricahuensis (R. A. Anderson &
W. A. Weber) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al.
2004b) Syns.: Neofuscelia chiricahuensis, Parmelia chiricahuensis
chlorochroa (Tuck.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia chlorochroa
coloradoënsis (Gyelnik) Hale
commonii Elix & T. H. Nash (Elix & Nash 1999)
consociata (Elix) Elix & Johnston (Nash et al. 1998)
conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia conspersa, P.
isidiata
cumberlandia (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia cumberlandia
dierythra (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia dierythra
digitiformis (Elix & P. M. Armstr.) Filson (Nash & Elix 2004)
dissensa (T. H. Nash) Hale Syn.: Parmelia dissensa
eganii Elix & T. H. Nash (Elix & Nash 1999)
huachucensis (T. H. Nash) Egan Syn.: Parmelia huachucensis
hypofusca (Gyelnik) Hodkinson &
Lendemer (Hodkinson & Lendemer 2011)
hypomelaena (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia hypomelaena
idahoensis Hale
incerta (Kurok. & Filson) Elix & J. Johnst. (Nash & Elix 2004)
infrapallida (Essl.) O. Blanco, A.
Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004) Syns.: Neofuscelia
infrapallida, Parmelia infrapallida
isidiascens Hale
isidiigera (Müll. Arg.) Elix & J. Johnst. (Nash & Elix 2004)
isidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Elix & Johnston (Nash et al. 1998)
joranadia (T. H. Nash) Hale Syn.: Parmelia joranadia
knudsenii Elix, A. Thell &
Søchting (Thell et al. 2009)
lavicola (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia kurokawae
lineola (E. C. Berry) Hale Syn.: Parmelia lineola
lipochlorochroa Hale & Elix
lobulatella T. H. Nash & Elix
(Nash & Elix 2004)
loxodes (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo,
Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004b) Syns.: Neofuscelia
loxodes, Parmelia isidiotyla, P. loxodes
maricopensis T. H. Nash & Elix
mexicana (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia mexicana
moctezumensis T. H. Nash
montanensis Hale
monticola (J. P. Dey) Hale Syn.: Parmelia monticola
mougeotii (Schaerer) Hale Syn.: Parmelia mougeotii
neochlorochroa Hale
neocongensis (Hale) Hale (Nash et al. 1998)
neoconspersa (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia neoconspersa
neorimalis (Elix & P. M. Armstr.) Elix & T. H. Nash (Nash & Elix 2004)
neotaractica Hale
neowyomingica Hale
nigrolavicola T. H. Nash & Elix
(Nash & Elix 2004)
nigropsoromifera (T. H. Nash) Egan Syn.: Parmelia
nigropsoromifera
nigroweberi T. H. Nash & Elix
(Nash & Elix 2004)
norchlorochroa Hale
norhypopsila Hale
novomexicana (Gyelnik) Hale Syns.: Parmelia novomexicana, P.
tuberculata, P. arseneana
occidentalis (Essl.) O. Blanco, A.
Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004b) Syns.: Neofuscelia
occidentalis, Parmelia occidentalis
oleosa (Elix & P. M. Armstrong) Elix & T. H. Nash
piedmontensis (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia piedmontensis
planilobata (Gyelnik) Hale
plittii (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia plittii
pseudocongensis Hale (Nash &
Elix 2004)
psoromifera (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia psoromifera
pustulosa (Essl.) O. Blanco, A.
Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004b) Syns.: Neofuscelia
pustulosa, Parmelia pustulosa
schmidtii Hale
standaertii (Gyelnik) Hale (Nash
& Elix 2004)
stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti & D. Hawksw.
Syn.: Parmelia stenophylla (Ahti & Hawksworth 2005)
stenophylloides (Müll. Arg.) Hale
subcumberlandia Elix & T. H. Nash
(Nash & Elix 2004)
subdecipiens (Vainio) Hale Syn.: Parmelia subdecipiens
subhosseana (Essl.) O. Blanco, A.
Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004b) Syns.: Neofuscelia
subhosseana, Parmelia subhosseana
subplittii Hale (Nash & Elix
2004)
subramigera (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia subramigera
substenophylloides Hale
subtasmanica Elix & T. H. Nash
(Nash & Elix 2004)
tegeta Elix & Johnston (Nash et al. 1998)
tinctina (Maheu & Gillet) Hale
(Nash & Elix 2004)
tuberculata (Gyelnik) T. H. Nash & Elix (Nash & Elix 2004)
tuckeriana Elix & T. H. Nash
(Nash & Elix 2004)
tucsonensis (T. H. Nash) Egan Syn.: Parmelia tucsonensis
vagans (Nyl.) Hale
verruculifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A.
Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004b) Syns.: Neofuscelia
verruculifera, Parmelia verruculifera
viriduloumbrina (Gyelnik) Lendemer (Lendemer 2005b)
weberi (Hale) Hale
Syn.: Parmelia weberi
wyomingica (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia wyomingica
arseneana (Gyelnik) Hale = X. novomexicana
centrifuga (L.) Hale = Arctoparmelia
centrifuga
congensis (Stein) Hale Syn.: Parmelia congensis, but only known as far north as
Mexico
hypopsila (Müll. Arg.) Hale = misidentification for North America; most
specimens are X. angustiphylla
incurva (Pers.) Hale = Arctoparmelia incurva
ioanis-simae (Gyelnik) Hale = X. taractica, but see note below
kurokawae (Hale) Hale = X. lavicola
lecanorica (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia lecanorica Not in North America
separata (Th. Fr.) Hale = Arctoparmelia separata
somloënsis (Gyelnik) Hale = Xanthoparmelia stenophylla
subcentrifuga (Oxner) Hale = Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga
subconspersa (Nyl.) Hale = Flavoparmelia rutidota
taractica (Kremp.) Hale = known from Mexico, but misidentification for our
area; western N.A. specimens are mostly X. coloradoensis and eastern N.A.
specimens are mostly X. viriduloumbrina
tasmanica (Hooker f. & Taylor)
Hale North American reports are X.
hypofusca
tinctina (Maheu & A. Gillet) Hale Not in North America
XANTHOPSORA Gotth. Schneider & W. A.
Weber = XANTHOPSORELLA
texana (W. A. Weber) Gotth. Schneider & W. A. Weber = Xanthopsorella texana
XANTHOPSORELLA Kalb & Hafellner
texana (W. A. Weber) Kalb & Hafellner Syns.: Xanthopsora
texana, Psora texana, Lecidea texana
XANTHORIA (Fr.) Th. Fr.
parietina (L.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Teloschistes parietinus
tibellii S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt (Kondratyuk & Kärnefelt 2003a)
alaskana
J. W. Thomson = Polycauliona polycarpa (Lindblom 1997)
alfredii S. Y. Kondr. & Poelt (Kondratyuk & Poelt 1997) = North
American report is Xanthomendoza montana (Lindblom 1997)
ascendens S. Y. Kondr. (Lindblom
2004b) = Polycauliona ascendens
borealis R. Sant. & Poelt = Xanthomendoza borealis
candelaria
(L.) Th. Fr. = Polycauliona candelaria
candelaria
var. finmarkica
(Ach.) Hillmann = Polycauliona candelaria
concinna J. W. Thomson & T. H. Nash = Xanthomendoza concinna
elegans
(Link) Th. Fr. = Rusavskia elegans
elegans
var. splendens
(Darb.) M. S. Christ. ex Poelt =
Rusavskia elegans
fallax (Hepp ex Arnold) Arnold = Xanthomendoza fallax
fulva (Hoffm.) Poelt & Petut. (Esslinger & Egan 1995) = Xanthomendoza
fulva
hasseana Räsänen = Xanthomendoza hasseana
lobulata (Flörke) B. de Lesd. = Calogaya lobulata
mendozae Räsänen = Xanthomendoza mendozae
montana L. Lindblom (Lindblom 1997) = Xanthomendoza montana
oregana Gyelnik (Lindblom 1997) = Xanthomendoza oregana
papillifera (Vainio) Poelt = Rusavskia papillifera
pollinarioides L. Lindblom & D. M. Wright (Lindblom 2004b) = Polycauliona
pollinarioides
polycarpa
(Hoffm.) Th. Fr. ex Rieber = Polycauliona polycarpa
ramulosa
(Tuck.) Herre = Polycauliona polycarpa (Lindblom 1997)
sorediata
(Vainio) Poelt = Rusavskia sorediata
subramulosa Räsänen = Xanthomendoza subramulosa
tenax
L. Lindblom (1997) = Polycauliona tenax
tenuiloba L. Lindblom (Lindblom 2004b) = Polycauliona tenuiloba
ulophyllodes Räsänen = Xanthomendoza ulophyllodes
weberi S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt = Xanthomendoza weberi
wetmorei S. Y. Kondr. &
Kärnefelt (Kondratyuk & Kärnefelt 2003a) = Xanthomendoza weberi (Knudsen et
al. 2011b)
XENONECTRIELLA Weese
*fissuriprodiens (Etayo) Etayo
(Spribille et al. 2010) Syn.: Pronectria
fissuriprodiens (Diederich et al. 2018)
*lutescens (Arnold ex Rehm) Weese
(Zhurbenko 2009a)
*nephromatis Pérez-Ort. (Spribille et
al. 2020)
XENOPHOMA Crous & Trakun.
puncteliae Crous & Trakun. Syn.: Phoma puncteliae (Diederich et al. 2018)
XEROTREMA Sherwood & Coppins
+megalospora Sherwood & Coppins
XYLEBORUS R. C. Harris & Ladd
(Harris & Ladd 2007)
nigricans R. C. Harris &
Lendemer (Lendemer & Harris 2015b)
sporodochifer R. C. Harris &
Ladd (Harris & Ladd 2007)
XYLOGRAPHA (Fr.) Fr.
bjoerkii T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2014a)
carneopallida (Räsänen) T.
Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2014a)
crassithallia B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan 2004b) Possibly a synonym of X.
difformis (Spribille et al. 2014a)
difformis (Vainio) Vainio (Spribille et al. 2014a)
disseminata Willey
erratica T. Sprib. (Spribille et al.
2014a)
hians Tuck.
opegraphella Nyl.
pallens (Nyl.) Malmgren (Spribille et al. 2014a)
parallela (Ach.) Fr.
rubescens Räsänen (Spribille et al.
2014a)
schofieldii T. Sprib. (Spribille et
al. 2014a)
septentrionalis T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2014a)
soralifera Holien & Tønsberg
(Holien & Tønsberg 2008)
stenospora T. Sprib. & Resl (Spribille et al. 2014a)
trunciseda (Th. Fr.) Minks ex Redinger
vermicularis T. Sprib. (Spribille et al. 2014a)
vitiligo (Ach.) J. R. Laundon
abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr. = X. parallela
micrographa G. Merr. = X. hians
pruinodisca B. D. Ryan & T.
H. Nash (Ryan 2004b) = X. difformis
(Spribille et al. 2014a)
spilomatica (Anzi) Th. Fr. = X. vitiligo
XYLOPSORA Bendiksby & Timdal (Bendiksby & Timdal 2013)
canopeorum Timdal, Reese Naesborg
& Bendiksby (Bendiksby et al. 2018)
friesii (Ach.) Bendiksby &
Timdal Syns.: Hypocenomyce friesii,
Lecidea friesii, L. myrmecina, Psora friesii
XYLOSCHISTES Vainio ex Zahlbr
platytropa (Nyl.) Vainio (Spribille
& Björk 2008)
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ZAHLBRUCKNERELLA Herre
calcarea (Herre) Herre
californica Henssen
fabispora Henssen
ZAMENHOFIA Clauzade & Cl. Roux = PORINA
hibernica (P. James & Swinscow) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Porina hibernica
ZWACKHIA Körber
viridis (Pers. ex Ach.) Poetsch
& Schied. (Ertz & Tehler 2011) Syn.: Opegrapha viridis
ZWACKHIOMACROMYCES Etayo & van den Boom
*hyalosporus (Alstrup, D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.) Etayo & R.
Sant. Syn.: Pyrenidium hyalosporum
(Diederich et al. 2018)
ZWACKHIOMYCES Grube & Hafellner
*arenicola R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
*berengerianus (Arnold) Grube & Triebel
*cladoniae (C. W. Dodge) Diederich (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*coepulonus (Norman) Grube & R. Sant. (Goward et al. 1996)
*diederichii D. Hawksw. & Iturr.
(Zhurbenko & Pino-Bodas 2017)
*dispersus (J. Lahm ex Körber) Triebel & Grube Syn.: Pharcidia
dispersa
*euplocinus Hafellner, Grube & Egan
*macrosporus Alstrup & Olech
(Zhurbenko 2013)
Appendix: Specimen Citations
Bryophagus gloeocapsa Nitschke ex Arnold - Michigan. Cheboygan
Co.: just N of Cheboygan Levering Rd. W of its intersection with Interstate 75;
45deg. 38' N, 84deg. 39' W; on terricolous bryophytes, J. Hafellner 7998 (GZU).
Pyrenopsis portoricensis Zahlbr. –
North Carolina. Anson Co.: Perlmutter
1827 (NCU); Wake Co.: Perlmutter 1899
(NCU); Georgia. Columbia Co.: Perlmutter
1644 (NCU). New to North America (communicated G. Perlmutter; specimens
identified by Matthias Schultz).
Thelotrema circumscriptum C. Knight
– Oregon. Lincoln Co.: Ona Beach State Park, 8 mi. S of Newport,
Sitka spruce & pines at shore, 20.8.1975, C. M. Wetmore 24624 (MIN).
New to Northern Hemisphere (communicated T. Lumbsch).
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References Cited
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Knudsen, K. 2009. Caloplaca obamae, a new species from
Santa Rosa Island, California. Opuscula
Philolichenum 6: 37-40.
Knudsen, K. 2010. Acarospora
orcuttii (Acarosporaceae), a rare terricolous lichen from southern
California. The Bryologist 113: 713-716.
Knudsen, K. 2011a. Acarospora nashii,
a lichenicolous lichen from western North America. Bibliotheca Lichenologica
106: 169-172.
Knudsen, K. 2011b. A new member of the genus Silobia (Acarosporaceae)
from North America. Opuscula
Philolichenum 9: 27-30.
Knudsen, K. 2011c. A preliminary study of Pleopsidium stenosporum (Stizenb. ex Hasse) K. Knudsen. Opuscula Philolichenum 9: 77-83.
Knudsen, K. 2012. Notes on the California lichen flora #4. Bulletin of the California Lichen Society
19(1): 4-7.
Knudsen, K, J. N. Adams, J.
Kocourková, Y. Wang, J. Ortañez & J. E. Stajich. 2020.
The monophyletic Sarcogyne canadensis-wheeleri clade, a newly
recognized group sister to the European Acarospora glaucocarpa
group. The Bryologist 123(1): 11-30.
Knudsen, K., L. Arcadia & J. Kocourková.
2019. Acarospora squamulosa,
the correct name for A. peliocypha.
Mycotaxon 134: 281-287.
Knudsen, K., L. Arcadia & V. Wirth. 2021a.
Proposal to conserve the name Sarcogyne (Acarosporaceae,
lichenised Ascomycota) with a conserved type.
Taxon 70(5): 1129-1131.
Knudsen, K., O. Breuss &
J. Kocourková. 2014a. A new lichenicolous Heteroplacidium (Verrucariaceae) from the deserts of southern
California. Opuscula Philolichenum 13:
26-33.
Knudsen, K. & J. A.
Elix. 2007a. Lepraria,
pp. 384-388. In T. H. Nash III, C.
Gries & F. Bungartz (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert
Region. Volume 3. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe.
Knudsen, K. & J. A. Elix.
2007b. A new Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) from the Santa Monica Mountains in
southern California. The Bryologist 110:
115-118.
Knudsen, K., J. A. Elix &
J. C. Lendemer. 2007. Lepraria
adhaerens: a new species from North
America. Opuscula Philolichenum 4: 5-10.
Knudsen, K., J. A. Elix &
V. Reeb. 2008a. A preliminary study of the genera Acarospora and Pleopsidium in South America.
Opuscula Philolichenum 5: 1-22.
Knudsen, K. & A.
Flakus. 2016. The identity of Acarospora xanthophana (Fungi: Ascomycota) and a description of A. congregate sp. nov. to accommodate a
widely distributed saxicolous species occurring in the higher elevations of
South America. Taxon 65(1): 146-151.
Knudsen, K & J. Kocourková. 2008a.
A study of lichenicolous species of Polysporina
(Acarosporaceae). Mycotaxon 105: 149-164.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2008b. New records of lichen and lichenicolous fungi
from California. Crossosoma 34: 37-39.
Knudsen, K. & J. Kocourková.
2009a. Lichens and lichenicolous
fungi of the northwestern Santa Ana Mountains.
Crossosoma 35: 66-81.
Knudsen, K. & J. Kocourková.
2009b. Lichens, lichenicolous and
allied fungi of the Santa Monica Mountains, Part 4: additions and corrections to
the annotated list. Opuscula Philolichenum 7: 29-48.
Knudsen, K. & J. Kocourková.
2009c. A taxonomic study of Polysporina gyrocarpa and P. cyclocarpa (Acarosporaceae) and a new
record from Asia of P. arenacea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 100: 199-206.
Knudsen, K. & J. Kocourková.
2010a. Lichenological notes 1. Acarosporaceae. Mycotaxon 112: 361-366.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2010b. Lichens, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of
the Santa Monica Mountains, Part 5: Additions and Corrections to the Annotated
Checklist. Opuscula Philolichenum
8: 83-100.
Knudsen, K. & J. Kocourková.
2010c. Lichens and lichenicolous
fungi of West Anacapa Island Chanel Islands National Park. Crossosoma 36(2): 32-49.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2010d. A new Lichenostigma
species (Genus incertae sedis) from Southern California. Bryologist 113: 229-234.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2010e. New records of lichens and lichenicolous
fungi for California II. Crossosoma
36(2): 57-61
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2010f. A new species of Stigmidium from corticolous Caloplaca in southern California (USA)
and Baja California (Mexico).
Bibliotheca Lichenologica 105: 25-31.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2010g. Pyrenidium
aggregatum, a new species from North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 8: 71-74.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2011. Lichenological notes 3: Sarcogyne plicata in
California. Mycotaxon 118: 423-431.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2012a. The annotated checklist of lichens,
lichenicolous and allied fungi of Channel Islands National Park. Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 145-302.
Knudsen, K. & J. Kocourková.
2012b. Erratum: Placidium
boccanum does not occur in North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 303.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2013. Lichenological notes 6: nomenclatural
acts. Mycotaxon 124: 353-356.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2014a. A new species of Lecidea (Lecideaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes) from the mountains of
California. Opuscula Philolichenum 13:
80-83.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2014b. Notes on the California lichen flora 6: new
records. Opuscula Philolichenum 13: 4-7.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2015. A new species of Acarospora (Acarosporaceae) from eastern Canada with melanized
epihymenial accretions, with additional notes on A. anatolica and Polysporina
terricola. Opuscula Philolichenum
14: 144-147.
Knudsen,
K. & J. Kocourková. 2016. A
name misapplied: Tornabea scutellifera
does not occur in North America.
Bulletin of the California Lichen Society 23(2): 14-17.
Knudsen,
K. & J. Kocourková. 2017. Acarospora toensbergii (Acarosporaceae), a new species from Alaska,
U.S.A. Opuscula Philolichenum 16:
317-321.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2018a. Toninia
nashii is a lichenicolous fungus.
Bulletin of the California Lichen Society 25(1): 16-17.
Knudsen,
K. & J. Kocourková. 2018b. Two new
calciphytes from Western North America, Acarospora
brucei and Acarospora erratica
(Acarosporaceae). Opuscula Philolichenum
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Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2020a. Acarosporaceae of Belarus. Herzogia 33(2): 394-406.
Knudsen, K. & J. Kocourková. 2020b.
Acarospora scottii and Sarcogyne paradoxa spp. nov. from
North America. Mycotaxon 135: 453-463.
Knudsen, K. & J.
Kocourková. 2020c. Lichenological notes 7: on taxa of Acarospora
and Sargocyne. Opuscula
Philolichenum 19: 158-162.
Knudsen, K. &
J. Kocourková. 2020d. The real Acarospora socialis. Bulletin of the California Lichen Society
27(2): 41-45.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková, P. Cannon, B. Coppins, A. Fletcher & J.
Simkin. 2021b. Acarosporales: Acarosporaceae, including the
genera Acarospora, Caeruleum, Myriospora, Pleopsidium,
Sarcogyne and Trimmatothelopsis.
Revisions of British and Irish Lichens 12: 1-25.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková, E. Hodková, J. N. Adams
& Y. Wang. 2021c. Three species of Trimmatothelopsis
(Acarosporaceae) from Europe and North America.
The Bryologist 124(2): 271-280.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková, E. Hodková, J. Malíček & Y. Wang. 2021d.
Acarosporaceae of the Chihuahuan Desert: four Magnusson species saved
from synonymy and a new yellow species.
The Bryologist 124(4): 533-551.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková
& J. Etayo. 2009. A new species of Sphaerellothecium (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Placidium lacinulatum.
Opuscula Philolichenum 6: 41-49.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková & J. C.
Lendemer. 2020 (2019). Calicium brachysporum, a rare
California endemic. Bulletin of the
California Lichen Society 26(2): 51-53.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková & B. McCune.
2013a. Sarcogyne mitziae (Acarosporaceae), a new species from biotic soil
crusts in western North America. The
Bryologist 116(2): 122-126.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková
& A. Nordin. 2014b. Conspicuous similarity hides diversity in the
Acarospora badiofusca group
(Acarosporaceae). The Bryologist 117(4):
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Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková
& M. Westberg. 2013b. The identity of Sarcogyne hypophaea (Nyl.) Arnold.
Opuscula Philolichenum 12: 23-26.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková,
M. Westberg & T. Wheeler. 2016. Two new species of Acarosporaceae from North
America with carbonized epihymenial accretions.
Lichenologist 48(5): 347-354.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková
& T. Wheeler. 2015. Protoparmelia
ryaniana is a synonym of Lecanora
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Philolichenum 14: 139-143.
Knudsen, K., J. Kocourková
& T. Wheeler. 2018a. Neotypification of Sarcogyne integra (Acarosporaceae).
Opuscula Philolichenum 17: 330-334.
Knudsen, K. & T. La
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Desert: Key's Ranch, Joshua Tree National Park, San Bernardino County,
California,USA. Evansia 22: 103-109.
Knudsen, K. & T. La
Doux. 2006. Lichen flora of the southwestern Mojave
Desert: Eureka Peak, Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside and San Bernardino
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Knudsen, K. & J. C. Lendemer. 2005a.
Changes and additions to the checklist of North American lichens - III. Mycotaxon 93: 277-281.
Knudsen, K. & J. C.
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lichen flora - IV. Mycotaxon 93:
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Knudsen, K. & J. C.
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lichen mycota - V. Mycotaxon 95: 309-313.
Knudsen, K. & J. C. Lendemer. 2007. Studies
in lichens and lichenicolous fungi: notes on some North American taxa. Mycotaxon 101: 81-87.
Knudsen, K. & J. C.
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Knudsen, K. & J. C. Lendemer.
2009b. Naetrocymbe herrei (Pleosporales: Ascomycetes), a new lichenized
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Knudsen, K. & J. C. Lendemer.
2009c. Two new species of Lecanora with gyrophoric acid from North
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Lecanora annularis (Lecanoraceae,
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Knudsen, K., J. C. Lendemer & J. Kocourková. 2018b.
Ramalina sarahae
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Knudsen, K., J. Lendemer & R. E. Riefner Jr. 2005. Flavoparmelia
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Opuscula Philolichenum 16: 15-138.
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Esslinger, P. K. Divakar, A. Crespo & H. T. Lumbsch. 2016.
Hidden diversity before our eyes: delimiting and describing cryptic
lichen-forming fungal species in camouflage lichens (Parmeliaceae,
Ascomycota). Fungal Biology 120:
1374-1391.
Leavitt, S. D., T. L.
Esslinger, P. K. Divakar & H. T. Lumbsch.
2012. Miocene divergence,
phenotypically cryptic lineages, and contrasting distribution patterns in
common lichen-forming fungi (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
107: 920-937.
Leavitt, S. D., C. C.
Newberry, J. Hollinger, B. Wright & L L. St. Clair. 2018.
An integrative perspective into diversity in Acarospora (Acarosporaceae, Ascomycota), including a new species
from the Great Basin, U.S.A. The
Bryologist 121: 275-285.
Lendemer, J. C. 2003. Dermiscellum oulocheila, forgotten priority
and nomenclatural confusion in the Physciaceae (lichenized Ascomycetes). The Bryologist 106: 311-313.
Lendemer, J. C. 2004a.
Changes and additions to the checklist of North American lichens.
I. Mycotaxon 89: 255-257.
Lendemer, J. C. 2004b. Lichens of Eastern North America Exsiccati.
Fascicle II, nos. 51-100. Opuscula
Philolichenum 1: 25-39.
Lendemer, J. C. 2004c.
Lichens of Eastern North America Exsiccati. Fascicle III, nos.
101-150. Opuscula Philolichenum 1:
41-54.
Lendemer, J. C. 2004d.
Placynthiella knudsenii sp.
nov., a new lichen from western North America.
Opuscula Philolichenum 1: 75-77.
Lendemer, J. C. 2004e.
Recent records of lichens in the local area (MD, NJ, PA). Opuscula Philolichenum 1: 9-20.
Lendemer, J. C. 2005a.
Lichens of Eastern North America Exsiccati. Fascicle IV, nos.
151-200. Opuscula Philolichenum 2:
37-52.
Lendemer, J. C. 2005b.
Xanthoparmelia viriduloumbrina,
a neglected species from eastern North America.
Mycotaxon 92: 441-442.
Lendemer, J. C. 2006.
Contributions to the lichen flora of New Jersey: a preliminary checklist
of the lichens of Wharton State Forest. Opuscula Philolichenum 3: 21-40.
Lendemer, J. C. 2007a.
Lichens of Eastern North America Exsiccati, Fascicle V, Nos.
201-250. Opuscula Philolichenum 4:
69-80.
Lendemer, J. C. 2007b.
Megalaria beechingii (lichenized ascomycota), a new species from Eastern
North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 4:
39-44.
Lendemer, J. C. 2008.
Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi: notes on some taxa from
eastern North America. Mycotaxon 104:
325-329.
Lendemer, J. C. 2009a.
A synopsis of the lichen genus Heterodermia
(Physciaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in eastern North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 6: 1-35.
Lendemer, J. C. 2009b.
Opegrapha
moroziana (Roccellaceae, lichenized ascomycetes), a new sorediate
saxicolous species from eastern North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 6: 51-54.
Lendemer, J.C. 2009c. Pertusaria andersoniae (Pertusariaceae, lichenized
ascomycetes), a new species from high elevations of the southern Appalachian
Mountains in eastern North America. Opuscula
Philolichenum 6:55–58.
Lendemer, J. C. 2010a.
Notes on Lepraria s. l.
(Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) in North America: new species, new reports, and
preliminary keys. Brittonia 62: 267-292.
Lendemer, J. C. 2010b. Notes on
the genus Graphis (Graphidaceae:
Lichenized Ascomycetes) in the coastal plain of southeastern North
America. Journal of the Torrey Botanical
Society 137: 312-317.
Lendemer, J. C. 2011a. Gyalideopsis mexicana, a new report for
North America and a remarkable disjunction from Central America. North American
Fungi 6(15): 1-5.
Lendemer, J. C. 2011b. A taxonomic revision of the North American
species of Lepraria s.l. that produce
divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana. Mycologia 103(6): 1216-1229.
Lendemer, J. C. 2011c.
Vezdaea schuyleriana (Vezdaeaceae,
Lichenized Ascomycetes), a new species from eastern North America. Notulae Naturae 484: 1-4.
Lendemer, J. C. 2012a. Perspectives on chemotaxonomy: molecular data
confirm the existence of two morphologically distinct species within a
chemically defined Lepraria caesiella
(Stereocaulaceae). Castanea 77(1):
89-105.
Lendemer, J. C. 2012b. A tale of two species: molecular data reveal
the chemotypes of Lepraria normandinoides
(Stereocaulaceae) to be two sympatric species.
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 139(2): 118-130.
Lendemer, J. C. 2013a. Molecular phylogenetic evidence corroborates
morphology but not chemistry in the Lepraria
neglecta group (Stereocaulaceae).
Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 108: 127-153.
Lendemer, J. C. 2013b.
A monograph of the crustose members of the genus Lepraria Ach. s. str. (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes) in
North America north of Mexico. Opuscula
Philolichenum 11: 27-141.
Lendemer, J. C. 2013c.
Two new sterile species of Loxospora
(Sarrameanaceae: lichenized Ascomycetes) from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of
Science 129(3): 71-81.
Lendemer, J. C. 2015. Lecanora layana (Lecanoraceae), a new
sorediate species widespread in temperate eastern North America. The Bryologist 118(2): 145-153.
Lendemer, J. C. 2016a.
A new look at Parmotrema
madagascariaceum and P. xanthinum
in North America. Journal of the Torrey
Botanical Society 143(3): 285-297.
Lendemer, J. C. 2016b.
Trichothelium americanum, a
new species widespread in the coastal plain of southeastern North America. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society
143(2): 199-206.
Lendemer, J. C. 2016c.
Herteliana schuyleriana
(Squamarinaceae), a new crustose lichen widespread in the Appalachian Mountains
of eastern North America. Bartonia 69: 62-76.
Lendemer, J. C. 2017a.
Lichens and allied fungi of the Indiana forest alliance ecoblitz area,
Brown and Monroe counties, Indiana incorporated into a revised checklist for
trhe state of Indiana. Proceedings of
the Indiana Academy of Science 126(2): 129-152.
Lendemer, J. C. 2017b.
Revision of Gyalideopsis
ozarkensis and G. subaequatoriana
(Gomphillaceae; lichenized Ascomycetes), leads to the description of an
overlooked new species. The Bryologist
120(3): 274-286.
Lendemer, J. C. 2018. Bacidia gullahgeechee (Bacidiaceae,
Lecanoromycetes) an unusual new species potentially endemic to the globally
unique Ashepoo-Combahee-Edisto River Basin of southeaster North America. The Bryologist 121(4): 536-546.
Lendemer, J. C. 2020a.
Bacidia thiersiana (Ramalinaceae), a new species with lobaric
acid widespread in southeastern North America.
The Bryologist 123(1): 39-47.
Lendemer, J. C. 2020b.
Leprocaulon beechingii (Leprocaulaceae), a new species from the
southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. The Bryologist 123(1): 1-10.
Lendemer, J. C. & J. L.
Allen. 2019. Hypotrachyna
oprah (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new foliose lichen with
lichexanthone from southeastern North America.
Castanea 84(1): 24-32.
Lendemer, J. C. & J. L. Allen. 2020.
A revision of Hypotrachyna subgenus Parmelinopsis
(Parmeliaceae) in eastern North America.
The Bryologist 123(2): 265-332.
Lendemer, J. C. & O.
Breuss. 2009. Verrucaria
thujae (Verrucariaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes), a new corticolous species
from the Great Lakes Region of North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 7: 13-16.
Lendemer, J. C. & I. M.
Brodo. 2018. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi –
No. 21: Notes on Lambiella caeca and L. fuscosora. Opuscula Philolichenum 17: 269-274.
Lendemer, J. C., W. R. Buck
& R. C. Harris. 2016a. Two new host-specific hepaticolous species of
Catinaria (Ramalinaceae). Lichenologist 48(5): 441-449.
Lendemer, J. C. & J. A. Elix. 2010.
Two new species of Chrysothrix
from eastern North America. Opuscula
Philolichenum 8: 51-58.
Lendemer, J. C. & B.
Goffinet. 2015. Sticta
deyana: a new endemic photomorphic lichen from the imperiled Mid-Atlantic
Coastal Plain of eastern North America. Systematic Botany 40(4): 933-941.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2004. A checklist of the lichens collected on the
28th A. Leroy Andrews Foray. Evansia 21:
88-100.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2007. Lepraria
normandinoides, a new widespread species
from Eastern North America. Opuscula
Philolichenum 4: 45-50.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2011. Ramboldia blochiana, a new sorediate species in the Ramboldia russula group. Opuscula Philolichenum 9: 1-4.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C. Harris. 2012. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi –
no. 16. Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 323-321.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2013a. Buellia
sharpiana (Physciaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes), another new species from
the Great Smoky Mountains of eastern North America. Castanea 78(2): 148-153.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2013b. Cladonia
appalachensis, belated description of a southern Appalachian lichen endemic
from the Great Smoky Mountains. Opuscula
Philolichenum 12: 17-22. 2013.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2014a. Seven new species of Graphidaceae (Lichenized
Ascomycetes) from the coastal plain of southeastern North America. Phytotaxa 189(1): 153-175.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2014b. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi
no. 17 – Notes on lichens from the coastal plain of Southeastern North
America. Opuscula Philolichenum 13:
8-19.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2014c. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi –
no. 18: Resolution of three names introduced by Degelius and Magnusson based on
material from the Great Smoky Mountains.
Castanea 79(2): 106-117.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C. Harris.
2014d. Studies in lichens and
lichenicolous fungi – no. 19: Further notes on species from the coastal plain
of southeastern North America. Opuscula
Philolichenum 13: 155-176.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2015a. A nomenclatural note on Mycoporum biseptatum (basionym Arthonia
biseptata). Opuscula Philolichenum
14: 116-117.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2015b. Xyleborus
nigricans, a second species for the previously monospecific genus newly
found in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America. The Bryologist 118(3): 284-292.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2016. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi –
No. 20: Further notes on species from the eastern North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 15: 105-131.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. C.
Harris. 2017. Nomenclatural changes for North American
members of the Variolaria-group
necessitated by the recognition of Lepra
(Pertusariales). The Bryologist 120(2):
182-189.
Lendemer, J. C., R. C. Harris
& J. A. Elix. 2008a. Pertusaria
appalachensis, a new species from
Eastern North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 5: 77-82.
Lendemer, J. C., R. C. Harris
& D. Ladd. 2016b. The faces of Bacidia schweinitzii: molecular and morphological data reveal three
new species including a widespread sorediate morph. The Bryologist 119(2): 143-171.
Lendemer, J. C., R. C. Harris
& A. M. Ruiz. 2016c. A review of the lichens of the Dare Regional
Biodiversity Hotspot in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of North Carolina,
Eastern North America. Castanea 81(1):
1-77.
Lendemer, J. C., R. C. Harris
& E. Tripp. 2007. Heterodermia
neglecta (Physciaceae), a new lichen species from eastern North America. The Bryolologist 110: 490-493.
Lendemer, J. C., R. C. Harris
& E. A. Tripp. 2013. The Lichens and Allied Fungi of Great Smoky
Mountains National Park. Memoirs of the
New York Botanical Garden, vol. 104. New
York Botanical Garden Press.
Lendemer, J. C. & D. A.
Hewitt. 2002. A catalogue of the type specimens of lichens
in the herbarium of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 152: 173-204.
Lendemer, J. C. & B. P.
Hodkinson. 2009. The wisdom of fools: new molecular and
morphological insights into the North American apodetiate species of Cladonia. Opuscula Philolichenum 7:
79-100.
Lendemer, J. C. & B. P. Hodkinson.
2010. A new perspective on Punctelia subrudecta (Parmeliaceae) in
North America: previously rejected morphological characters corroborate
molecular phylogenetic evidence and provide insight into an old problem. Lichenologist 42: 405-421.
Lendemer, J. C. & B. P. Hodkinson.
2012. Recognition of the Parmelia crozalsiana group as the genus Crespoa.
North American Fungi 7(2): 1-5.
Lendemer, J. C. & B. P.
Hodkinson. 2013. A radical shift in the taxonomy of Lepraria s.l.: molecular and
morphological studies shed new light on the evolution of asexuality and lichen growth
form diversification. Mycologia 105(4):
994-1018.
Lendemer, J. C., J. R.
Hoffman & J. W. Sheard. 2019b. Rinodina
brauniana (Physciaceae, Teloschistales), a new species with pseudoisidia
from the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. The Bryologist 122(1): 111-121.
Lendemer, J. C. & K. G.
Keepers. 2021. Bacidia depriestiana (Ramalinaceae), a
new species from the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North
America. The Bryologist 124(3): 362-375.
Lendemer, J. C. & K.
Knudsen. 2007. Changes and additions to the North American
lichen Mycota – VI. Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 156: 55-57.
Lendemer, J. C. & K. Knudsen.
2008a. Ramonia vermispora, a new species from the Sonoran Desert region of
southwestern North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 5: 83-88.
Lendemer, J. C. & K.
Knudsen. 2008b. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi:
further notes on North American taxa. Mycotaxon 103: 75-86.
Lendemer, J. C. & K.
Knudsen. 2009. Two new usnic acid containing species of Lecanora from Western North America Opuscula Philolichenum 6: 73-80.
Lendemer, J. C. & K. Knudsen. 2010
[2011]. Lecanographa insolita, an unusual new species of Roccellaceae from
western North America. The Bryologist
113: 350-355.
Lendemer, J. C. & K.
Knudsen. 2011. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi:
7. More notes on taxa from North
America. Mycotaxon 115: 45-52.
Lendemer, J. C., K. Knudsen
& B. J. Coppins. 2009a. Further notes on the genus Ramonia in California: the first modern
record of R. ablephora and the
description of R. extensa sp. nov.
Opuscula Philolichenum 7: 191-194.
Lendemer, J. C., K. Knudsen & J. A. Elix. 2008b. Lepraria
friabilis, a new species from Eastern North America. Opuscula Philolichenum
5: 61-66.
Lendemer, J. C., K. Knudsen & A. M. Fryday.
2010. New and interesting
lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi from Yosemite National Park,
California, U.S.A. Opuscula
Philolichenum 8: 107-120.
Lendemer, J. C., J.
Kocourková & K. Knudsen. 2009b. Studies in lichen and lichenicolous fungi:
more notes on taxa from North America.
Mycotaxon 108: 491-497.
Lendemer, J. C., J.
Kocourková & K. Knudsen. 2008c. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi:
notes on some taxa from North America. Mycotaxon 105: 379-386.
Lendemer, J. C., J.
Kocourková & K. Knudsen. 2009c. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi:
more notes on taxa from North America. Mycotaxon 110: 373-378.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. Lücking. 2004. Gyalideopsis
moodyae (Ostropales: Gomphillaceae), a new lichen species from eastern
North America. The Bryologist 107:
234-236.
Lendemer, J. C. & T. Lumbsch.
2008. Protoparmelia capitata sp. nov., and P. isidiata Diederich, Aptroot & Sérus., two species of Protoparmelia (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)
from south-eastern North America.
Lichenologist 40: 329-336.
Lendemer, J. C. & J. A.
Macklin. 2006. Contributions to the lichen flora of
Pennsylvania: a preliminary checklist of the lichens of Nescopeck State Park. Opuscula
Philolichenum 3: 41-48.
Lendemer, J. C. & C. A.
Morse. 2010. Caloplaca yuchiorum (Teloschistaceae; lichenized Ascomycota), a new
sorediate species from North America.
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 127: 327-332.
Lendemer, J. C. & H.
O’Brien. 2011. How do you reconcile molecular and
non-molecular datasets? A case study where new molecular data prompts a
revision of Peltigera hydrothyria
s.l. in North America and the recognition of two species. Opuscula Philolichenum 9: 99-111.
Lendemer, J. C. & D.
Ray. 2017. Two new pinicolous Arthonia (Arthoniaceae: Arthoniomycetes) from the Delmarva
Peninsula of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in eastern North America. The Bryologist 120(1): 11-18.
Lendemer, J. C. & A. M.
Ruiz. 2015. Molecular data confirm morphological
variability in the widespread foliose lichen Canoparmelia caroliniana (Parmeliaceae). Castanea 80(1): 29-36.
Lendemer, J. C. & J. W.
Sheard. 2006. The typification and distribution of Rinodina chrysomelaena (Physciaceae), a rare eastern North American
lichen. The Bryologist 109: 562-565.
Lendemer, J. C., J. W. Sheard, G. Thor & T. Tønsberg. 2012. Rinodina chrysidiata, a new species from
far eastern Asia and the Appalachian Mountains of North America. Lichenologist 44(2): 179-187.
Lendemer, J. C., H. B. Stone
& E. A. Tripp. 2017. Taxonomic delimitation of the rare, eastern
North American endemic lichen Santessoniella
crossophylla (Pannariaceae). Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society
144(4): 459-468.
Lendemer, J. C. & I. I.
Tavares. 2003. Nomenclature and typification in the genus Usnea (lichenized Ascomycetes) - I. Usnea rigida. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia 153: 177-180.
Lendemer, J. C. & T.
Tønsberg. 2014. Lepraria
brodoi (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes), a new species from the
temperate rainforests of western Canada and southeastern Alaska, U.S.A. Opuscula Philolichenum 13: 20-25.
Lendemer, J. C. & E. A.
Tripp. 2008. Contributions to the lichen flora of North
Carolina: a preliminary checklist of the lichens of Gorges State Park. The
Bryologist 111(1): 57-67.
Lendemer, J. C. & E. A.
Tripp. 2014. Discovery of Gyalideopsis mexicana in the United States. North American Fungi 9(7): 1-4.
Lendemer, J. C. & E. A.
Tripp. 2015. Lecanora
anakeestiicola (Lecanorales): an unusual new fruticose species from Great
Smoky Mountains National Park in eastern North America. The Bryologist 118(1): 1-10.
Lendemer, J. C., E. A. Tripp
& J. Sheard. 2014.
A review of Rinodina
(Physciaceae) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park highlights the growing
significance of this “island of biodiversity” in eastern North America. The Bryologist 117(3): 259-281.
Lendemer, J. C. & M.
Westberg. 2010. Candelariella
xanthostigmoides in North America.
Opuscula Philolichenum 8: 75-81.
Lendemer, J. C. & R. Yahr. 2004. A
checklist of the lichens collected during the Tuckerman workshop #12, Outer
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