Ferguson, S. H.,
Taylor, M. K. and Messier, F. 2000. Influence of sea ice dynamics
on habitat selection by polar bears. Ecology, 81 ( 3): 761
Huang, S., Pollack,
H. N., and Shen, P-Y. 2000. Temperature trends
over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures.
Nature, 403, n 6771: 756
Crowell, J.
C. 1999. Pre-Mesozoic Ice Ages: Their Bearing on Understanding
the Climate
System.
Memoir Geological Society of America, v. 192.
Goslar, T., Arnold, M., Tisnerat-Laborde, M., Czernik, J., and Wickowski, K. 2000. Variations of Younger Dryas atmospheric radiocarbon explicable without ocean circulation changes. Nature 403, 877 - 880.
The concentration of radiocarbon, 14C, in the atmosphere depends on
its production rate by cosmic rays, and on the intensity of carbon exchange
between the atmosphere and other reservoirs, for example the deep oceans.
For the Holocene (the past 11,500 years), it has been shown that fluctuations
in atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations have been caused mostly by variations
in the solar magnetic field. Recent progress in extending the radiocarbon
record backwards in time has indicated especially high atmospheric radiocarbon
concentrations in the Younger Dryas cold period, between 12,700 and 11,500
years before the present. These high concentrations have been interpreted
as a result of a reduced exchange with the deep-ocean reservoir, caused
by a drastic weakening of the deep-ocean ventilation. Here we present a
high-resolution reconstruction of atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations,
derived from annually laminated sediments of two Polish lakes, Lake Goci
ż and Lake Perespilno. These records indicate that the maximum
in atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations in the early Younger Dryas was
smaller than previously believed, and might have been caused by variations
in solar activity. If so, there is no indication that the deep-ocean ventilation
in the Younger Dryas was significantly different from today's.
2000. NRC sure
global warming is `real'/Inauspicious build up to biosafety
protocol. Nature,
403 (n 6767): 233.
Caldeira, K.and Duffy, P.B. 2000. The Role of the Southern Ocean in Uptake and Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide. Science, 287(5453): 620.
Moore Jr., T.C., Walker, J.C.G. and Smith, A.J. 2000. Younger Dryas interval and outflow from the Laurentide ice. Paleoceanography, 15 (1): 4.
Herzog, Howard,
Eliasson, Baldur, Kaarstad, Olav, 2000,
Capturing Greenhouse
Gases. Scientific American.
2000 v 282( no.
2): 72.
(To minimize the global-warming effects
of burning fossil fuels, we could
catch and bury the carbon dioxide
wastes deep underground or in the
oceans. In accompanying commentary,
David W. Keith and Edward A. Parson
discuss the policy implications
of this ambitious environmental scheme).
Alverson, K. D.,
Oldfield, F., and Bradley, R.S. (eds.) 2000. Past Global Changes
And Their Signigficance For The Future. Quaternary Science Reviews
(29 papers many of which are very useful
summaries of the current knowledge of global climate changes interpreted
from ice cores, marine cores, and terrestrial records. Several of the papers
address the question of global warming and future climate change).
Ekart, D.D. Cerling, T.E., and Tabor, N.J. 1999. A 400 million year carbon isotope record of pedogenic carbonate implications for paleoatmospheric carbon dioxide. American Journal of Science, 299 (10): 805.
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record: New York,
NY, Columbia University Press. [QC 884 .P37 1998]