A Cumulative Checklist for the Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and

Allied Fungi of the Continental United States and Canada

This list consists of cumulative updates to the most recently published North American checklist by Esslinger and Egan (1995). The style and conventions for listings used there are also generally followed here. As in the published checklist, under each genus the accepted names are given first and are in boldface. Names considered to be synonyms are given in normal font only. Beginning with this version of the checklist, only significant changes made since the preceding version are given in blue font. As before, the following symbols are used to indicate the lichenicolous fungi and other allied fungi:

* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to lichens or lichenicolous fungi
# = various related fungi of uncertain status: i.e., those which are questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature.

My intent is to update this list at regular intervals, usually about once each year, as changes accumulate resulting from my work on the bibliographic series Recent Literature on Lichens for The Bryologist. The purpose of putting this checklist on-line is twofold. First to provide users of the checklist with the most current updates and changes, and second to provide the opportunity for (indeed, to invite) comments and suggested corrections from all users and readers. I would especially appreciate being informed of any oversights or omissions, and although not all taxonomic or nomenclatural differences of opinion will be easily or immediately settled, any matters regarding such opinions that users would like to share will be welcomed and taken under consideration. Additions or changes appearing in this on-line version of the checklist represent reports in the literature, and their presence here does not necessarily imply acceptance, tacit or otherwise, by the author. Some of these changes will likely be changed again before another hard copy of the checklist is published.

Please send comments to:
 

Suggested Citation: Esslinger, T. L. 1997. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming,
lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota
State University: http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm (First
Posted 1 December 1997, Most Recent Update 2 March 2004), Fargo, North Dakota.

Previous versions of this on-line checklist are archived and available by clicking on the following:

Version #1 (First Posted 1 December 1997)
Version #2 (First Posted 17 February 1998)
Version #3 (First Posted 22 June 1998)
Version #4 (First Posted 19 July 1999)
Version #5 (First Posted 15 May 2000)
Version #6 (First Posted 26 February 2001)
Version #7 (First Posted 27 August 2001)
Version #8 (First Posted 17 July 2002)

Suggestions For Use: This web site consists of one large file (ca. 635 KB), and, depending upon your type of connection to the internet, it will take anywhere from a few seconds to a minute or two to load onto your computer. Once loaded, use of the main letter menu below and the similar menus provided throughout the document will allow efficient navigation within the document using most web browser software. Use of the "Back" function provided by most browsers also usually works fine, but sometimes causes problems, at least until the internal hyperlinks have been used the first time.

The genera are listed in alphabetical order, as are the lists of species within each genus.  Click on the following letters to advance to the genera beginning with that letter:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited

ABSCONDITELLA Vezda
lignicola Vezda & Pisut (Nash et al. 1998)
sphagnorum Vezda & Poelt
trivialis (Willey ex Tuck.) Vezda

ACANTHOTHECIS Clem.
abaphoides (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphina abaphoides (Staiger & Kalb 1999)
aurantiaca (Müll. Arg.) Staiger & Kalb Syns.: Graphina intertexta, Graphis intertexta (Staiger & Kalb 1999, Staiger 2002)
intertexta (Müll. Arg.) Staiger & Kalb = A. aurantiaca

ACAROSPORA A. Massal.
aeruginosa Hasse
albomarginata (Herre) G. Salisb. Syn.: Thelocarpon albomarginatum
americana H. Magn.
amphibola Wedd. (possibly a synonym of A. smaragdula)
applanata H. Magn.
arenacea H. Magn.
arenosa Herre
asahinae H. Magn.
asperata H. Magn.
badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
bullata Anzi
caesiofusca (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn.
californica Zahlbr.
canadensis H. Magn.
carnegiei Zahlbr.
cervina A. Massal.
cinereoalba (Fink) H. Magn.
citrina (Taylor) Zahlbr.
clauzadeana (Llimona) Casares & Hafellner Syn.: Biatorella clauzadeana
coloradiana H. Magn.
complanata H. Magn.
desolata H. Magn.
dispersa H. Magn.
elevata H. Magn.
fuscata (Schrader) Arnold
fuscescens H. Magn.
gallica H. Magn.
geogena H. Magn.
glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körber
hassei Herre
heppii (Nägeli ex Hepp) Nägeli ex Körber
heufleriana Körber
hilaris (Dufour) Hue
immersa Fink
impressula Th. Fr.
instrata H. Magn.
interjecta H. Magn.
interposita H. Magn.
interspersa H. Magn.
macrospora (Hepp) Bagl.
molybdina (Wahlenb.) Trevisan
nevadensis H. Magn.
nigromarginata B. de Lesd.
nitida H. Magn.
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. nodulosa
obnubila H. Magn.
obpallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold
particularis H. Magn.
peliscypha Th. Fr.
peltastica Zahlbr.
pyrenopsoides H. Magn.
radicata H. Magn.
reagens Zahlbr.
rugulosa Körber
saepincola H. Magn.
scabrida Hedl. ex H. Magn.
schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal.
scotica Hue
sinopica (Wahlenb.) Körber
smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.
socialis H. Magn.
sparsa H. Magn.
stapfiana (Müll. Arg.) Hue
strigata (Nyl.) Jatta
succedens H. Magn.
superfusa H. Magn.
tenebrica H. Magn.
terricola H. Magn.
thamnina (Tuck.) Herre
thelococcoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
thermophila Herre
tongleti Hue
tucsonensis H. Magn.
utahensis H. Magn.
veronensis A. Massal.
washingtonensis H. Magn.
albida H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
amabilis H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
amphibola Wedd. = A. smaragdula
bella (Nyl.) Jatta = A. schleicheri
boulderensis H. Magn. = A. badiofusca
cartilaginea H. Magn. = A. fuscata
chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
chrysops (Tuck.) H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
cineracea (Nyl.) Wedd. = misidentifications for North America
contigua H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
dissipata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
epilutescens Zahlbr. = A. schleicheri
erythrophora H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
evoluta H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
flava (Bellardi) Ach. = Pleopsidium flavum
geophila H. Magn. = A. geogena
glebosa (Flotow) Körber = A. oligospora
incertula H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
intercedens H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
lapponica (Ach. ex Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Polysporina lapponica
montana H. Magn. = A. rugulosa
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. reagens Zahlbr. = A. reagens
novomexicana H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
obscura H. Magn. = A. complanata
ocellata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium flavum
rhabarbarina Hue = A. schleicheri
rimulosa H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
rubicunda H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
rufescens (Ach.) Bausch = A. smaragdula
saxicola Fink = Glypholecia scabra
scabra (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Glypholecia scabra
squamulosa (Schrader) Trevisan = A. fuscata
squamulosa sensu Th. Fr. = A. macrospora
stenospora (Stizenb.) Hue = Lecanora stenospora
subalbida H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
subcontigua H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn. = Polysporina lapponica
texana H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
variegata H. Magn. = A. tongleti f. variegata
weldensis H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
xanthophana (Nyl.) Jatta = A. schleicheri

ACROCORDIA A. Massal.
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia cavata
conoidea (Fr.) Körber Syn.: Arthopyrenia conoidea
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. Syns.: Arthopyrenia gemmata, A. alba, A. sphaeroides
megalospora (Fink) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia macrospora, A. finkii, Pyrenula megalospora

ACROSCYPHUS Léveillé
sphaerophoroides Léveillé

ACTINOGYRA Schol. = UMBILICARIA
muehlenbergii (Ach.) Schol. = Umbilicaria muehlenbergii
polyrrhiza (L.) Schol. = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza

ADELOCOCCUS Theissen & Sydow
* alpestris (Zopf) Theissen & Sydow

ADELOLECIA Hertel & Hafellner
kolaensis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea conferenda
pilati (Hepp) Hertel & Hafellner Syns.: Lecidea pilati, L. lyngeana, L. subauriculata Lynge non B. de Lesd.

AGONIMIA Zahlbr.
allobata (Stizenb.) P. James (Fryday 2001)
gelatinosa (Ach.) Brand & Diederich Syn.: Polyblastia gelatinosa (Sérusiaux et al. 1999)
tristicula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Polyblastia tristicula

AGRESTIA J. W. Thomson = ASPICILIA
cyphellata J. W. Thomson = Aspicilia hispida
hispida (Mereschk.) Hale & Culb. = Aspicilia hispida

AGYRIUM Fr.
⁺ rufum (Pers.) Fr.

AGYROPHORA (Nyl.) Nyl. = UMBILICARIA
leiocarpa (DC.) Gyelnik = Umbilicaria leiocarpa
lyngei (Schol.) Llano = Umbilicaria lyngei
rigida (Du Rietz) Llano = Umbilicaria rigida
scholanderi Llano = Umbilicaria scholanderi

AHLESIA Fuckel = THELOCARPON
sphaerospora (H. Magn.) G. Salisb. = Thelocarpon sphaerosporum

AHTIANA Goward
aurescens (Tuck.) Thell & Randlane Syn.: Cetraria aurescens (Thell et al. 1995)
pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & Thell Syn.: Cetraria pallidula (Thell et al. 1995)
sphaerosporella (Müll. Arg.) Goward Syn.: Parmelia sphaerosporella

ALECTORIA Ach.
fallacina Mot.
imshaugii Brodo & D. Hawksw.
lata (Taylor) Lindsay
nigricans (Ach.) Nyl.
ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal.
sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa
sarmentosa subsp. vexillifera (Nyl.) D. Hawksw.
vancouverensis (Gyelnik) Gyelnik ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.
abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) R. Howe = Nodobryoria abbreviata
achariana Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
altaica (Gyelnik) Räsänen = Bryoria nadvornikiana
ambigua Mot. = Bryoria trichodes subsp. americana
americana Mot. = Bryoria trichodes subsp. americana
bicolor (Ehrh.) Nyl. = Bryoria bicolor
boryana Delise = A. nigricans
californica (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis Mot. = Bryoria trichodes subsp. trichodes
capillaris (Ach.) Crombie = Bryoria capillaris
cervinula Mot. = Bryoria cervinula
cetrariza Nyl. = Kaernefeltia californica
chalybeiformis (L.) Gray = Bryoria chalybeiformis
corneliae Gyelnik = Bryoria fremontii
delicata Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria trichodes subsp. trichodes
divergens (Ach.) Nyl. = Bryocaulon divergens
fremontii Tuck. = Bryoria fremontii
fuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
glabra Mot. = Bryoria glabra
haynaldii Gyelnik = misidentifications for North America
implexa (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Bryoria implexa
irvingii Llano = Bryoria nitidula
lanea auct. non (Hoffm.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
lanestris (Ach.) Gyelnik = Bryoria lanestris
luteola Mont. = A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Degel. = Pseudephebe minuscula
nadvornikiana Gyelnik = Bryoria nadvornikiana
nana Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria simplicior
nidulifera Norrlin = Bryoria furcellata
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
norstictica Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
oregana Tuck. = Nodobryoria oregana
positiva (Gyelnik) Mot. = Bryoria fuscescens
pseudofuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
pubescens (L.) R. Howe = Pseudephebe pubescens
setacea (Ach.) Mot. = Bryoria capillaris for North American records
simplicior (Vainio) Lynge = Bryoria simplicior
stigmata Bystrek = A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Gyelnik = Bryoria subcana
subdivergens E. Dahl = Nodobryoria subdivergens
subsarmentosa Stirton = A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
subtilis Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
tenerrima Mot. = Bryoria fremontii
tenuis E. Dahl = Bryoria tenuis
thrausta Ach. = Ramalina thrausta
tortuosa G. Merr. = Bryoria tortuosa
vexillifera (Nyl.) Stizenb. = A. sarmentosa subsp. vexillifera
virens auct. = Bryoria tortuosa for North American records

ALLANTOPARMELIA (Vainio) Essl.
almquistii (Vainio) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia almquistii
alpicola (Th. Fr.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia alpicola
sibirica (Zahlbr.) Essl. = misidentification for North America (personal communication, Linda Geiser)

ALLARTHONIA (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
caesia Flotow = Arthonia caesia

ALLOCETRARIA Kurokawa & Lai
madreporiformis (Ach.) Kärnef. & Thell Syns.: Dactylina madreporiformis, Dufourea madreporiformis (Kärnefelt & Thell 1996)
oakesiana (Tuck.) Randlane & Thell Syn.: Cetraria oakesiana
cucullata (Bellardi) Randlane & Saag = Flavocetraria cucullata
nivalis (L.) Randlane & Saag = Flavocetraria nivalis
 

AMANDINEA M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrh.
coniops (Wahlenb.) M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrh. Syn.: Buellia coniops
cacuminum (Th. Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina cacuminum (Mayrhofer & Sheard 2002)
dakotensis (H. Magn.) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Rinodina dakotensis, R. finkii, R. inaequalis, R. pennsylvanica, R. subplumbea, R. subpyriniformis. (Sheard & May 1997)
efflorescens (Müll. Arg.) Marbach (Marbach 2000)
langloisii Imshaug ex Marbach (Marbach 2000)
leucomela (Imshaug) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Buellia leucoemela (Sheard & May 1997)
milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina milliaria (Sheard & May 1997)
placodiomorpha (Vainio) Marbach Syn: Buellia placodiomorpha (Marbach 2000)
polyspora (Willey) E. Lay & P. May Syn.: Buellia polyspora (Sheard & May 1997)
punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. Syn.: Buellia punctata, B. myriocarpa, B. pullata
subduplicata (Vainio) Marbach (Marbach 2000)
submontana Marbach (Marbach 2000)
turgescens (Nyl.) Marbach (Marbach 2000) Syns.: Buellia turgescens, B. turgescentoides

AMPHILOMA Nyl.
lanuginosum (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Leproloma membranaceum

AMYGDALARIA Norman
consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel, Brodo & Mas. Inoue
continua Brodo & Hertel
elegantior (H. Magn.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Huilia elegantior, Lecidea elegantior
haidensis Brodo & Hertel
panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Lecidea panaeola, Huilia panaeola
pelobotryon (Wahlenb.) Norman Syns.: Lecanora pelobotrya, Aspicilia pelobotrya, Lecidea pelobotrya, L. "pelobotrion"
subdissentiens (Nyl.) Mas. Inoue & Brodo

ANAMYLOPSORA Timdal
pulcherrima (Vainio) Timdal Syns.: Lecidea pulcherrima, Psora pulcherrima

ANAPTYCHIA Körber
bryorum Poelt
elbursiana (Szatala) Poelt (Esslinger 2002a) Syn.: Physconia thomsonii
isidiza Kurok. (Yoshimura & Sharp 1973)
palmulata (Michaux) Vainio
setifera Räsänen
ulotrichoides (Vainio) Vainio
appalachensis Kurok. = Heterodermia appalachensis
aquila (Ach.) A. Massal. North American records = A. palmulata
boryi (Feé) A. Massal. = Heterodermia boryi
casarettiana A. Massal. = Heterodermia casarettiana
chondroidea (W. A. Weber & D. D. Awasthi) Kurok. = Heterodermia chondroidea
ciliaris (L.) Körber = misidentifications for North America
comosa (Eschw.) A. Massal. North American records = Heterodermia galactophylla
corallophora (Taylor) Lynge = Heterodermia crocea (for North American records)
dendritica (Pers.) Vainio = Heterodermia dendritica
diademata (Taylor) Kurok. = Heterodermia diademata
domingensis (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia albicans
echinata (Taylor) Kurok. = Heterodermia echinata
erinacea (Ach.) Trevisan = Heterodermia erinacea
galactophylla (Tuck.) Trevisan = Heterodermia galactophylla
granulifera (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia granulifera
heterochroa Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia hypoleuca
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. var. colorata Zahlbr. = Heterodermia obscurata
kaspica Gyelnik = A. setifera
"leucomelaena" auct. = Heterodermia leucomela
major (Nyl.) Vainio = misidentifications for North America
neoleucomelaena Kurok. = Heterodermia boryi
obscurata (Nyl.) Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
"palmatula" auct. = A. palmulata
pseudospeciosa Kurok. = Heterodermia pseudospeciosa
pseudospeciosa Kurok. var. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Kurok. = Heterodermia speciosa
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Heterodermia albicans
sorediifera (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz & Lynge = Heterodermia obscurata
speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal. = Heterodermia speciosa
squamulosa Degel. = Heterodermia squamulosa
stippaea (Ach.) Nádv. = A. bryorum
tropica Kurok. = Heterodermia tropica

ANEMA Nyl. ex Forss.
dodgei Herre
jenisejensis H. Magn. = misidentification for North America

ANISOMERIDIUM (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy
albisedum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis albiseda
ambiguum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia ambigua, Ditremis ambigua
anisolobum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot Syns.: Arthopyrenia anisoloba, Ditremis anisoloba
aureopunctatum R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis macrospora R. C. Harris non Makhija & Patwardhan (Harris 1995a)
biforme (Borrer) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia biformis, A. parvula, A. conformis auct. N. Am., Ditremis biformis
biformoides R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
carinthiacum (Steiner) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia carinthiaca, A. dimidiata, Ditremis carinthiaca
distans (Willey) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia distans, Ditremis distans
excaecariae (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: A. sanfordense, Ditremis sanfordensis (Harris 1995a)
finkii (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis finkii (Harris 1995a)
griffinii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
leucochlorum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia leucochlora, Ditremis leucochlora
[Ditremis macrospora R. C. Harris]
phaeospermum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr Syns.: Ditremis nyssigena, Arthopyrenia willeyana (Barr et al. 1996)
quadricoccum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a, Aptroot et al. 1997)
quaternarium (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis quaternaria (Harris 1995a)
subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia subprostans, Ditremis subprostans.
tamarindi (Fée) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tamarindi.
terminatum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis terminata, Pleurotrema anacardi (Harris 1995a)
tuckerae R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tuckerae.
feeanum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = A. anisolobum.
juistense (Erichsen) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
nyssigenum (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
sanfordense (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium excaecariae

ANOMOMORPHA Nyl.
turbulenta (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Graphis turbulenta (Staiger 2002)

ANTHRACOTHECIUM Hampe ex A. Massal.
canellae-albae (Fée) Müll. Arg.
nanum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Pleurotheliopsis nana, (?) P. australiensis, Parmentaria nana
prasinum (Eschw.) R. C. Harris
staurosporum (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr.
subglobosum Riddle
varians R. C. Harris
corticatum Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula corticata
falsarium Zahlbr. = Pyrenula falsaria
leucostomum (Ach.) Malme = Pyrenula leucostoma
libricola (Fée) Müll. Arg. North American records are probably misidentifications.
maculare Zahlbr. = Pyrenula macularis
mucosum (Vainio) Zahlbr. North American reports are probably misidentifications.
ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula ochraceoflavens
ochraceoflavum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula ochraceoflava
pauciloculare Herre = identity uncertain
pyrenuloides (Mont.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula pyrenuloides
thelomorphum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula thelomorpha

ANZIA Stizenb.
americana Yoshim. & Sharp
colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb.
ornata (Zahlbr.) Asah.

ANZINA Scheid.
carneonivea (Anzi) Scheid. (Goward et al. 1996)

APATOPLACA Poelt & Hafellner = CALOPLACA
oblongula (H. Magn.) Poelt & Hafellner = Caloplaca oblongula

ARCTOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & Thell
andrejevii (Oksner) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria andrejevii, C. simmonsii
nigricascens (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria nigricascens, C. elenkinii, C. sibirica

ARCTOMIA Th. Fr.
delicatula Th. Fr.
interfixa (Nyl.) Vainio

ARCTOPARMELIA Hale
centrifuga (L.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia centrifuga, P. aleuritica, Xanthoparmelia centrifuga
incurva (Pers.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia incurva, Xanthoparmelia incurva
separata (Th. Fr.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia separata, P. birulae var. grumosa, Xanthoparmelia separata
subcentrifuga (Oksner) Hale Syns.: Parmelia subcentrifuga, Xanthoparmelia subcentrifuga
aleuritica (Nyl.) Hale = A. centrifuga

ARCTOPELTIS Poelt
thuleana Poelt

ARRHENIA Fries
*peltigerina (Peck) Rehead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys Syn.: Omphalina peltigerina (Redhead et al. 2002)

ARTHONIA Ach.
albofuscescens Tuck.
albovirescens Nyl.
aleuromela Nyl.
* anjutii S. Kondr. & Alstrup (Kondratyuk 1996)
apatetica (A. Massal.) Th. Fr.
arthonioides (Ach.) A. L. Sm.
asteriscus Müll. Arg.
atomaria (Lynge) R. Kilias
atrata (Fée) Müll. Arg.
bisepta Degel.
byssacea (Weigel) Almq.
caesia (Flotow) Körber Syn.: Allarthonia caesia
caribea (Ach.) A. Massal.
caudata Willey
* ceracea Etayo & Breuss (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
chiodectella Nyl.
cinereopruinosa Schaerer
cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr.
* clemens (Tul.) Th. Fr.
complanata Fée
conferta (Fée) Nyl.
cupressina Tuck.
cytisi A. Massal.
didyma Körber
diffusa Nyl.
diffusella Fink
dispersa (Schrader) Nyl.
dispersula Nyl.
eckfeldtii Müll. Arg.
* epimela (Almq.) Lamb (Goward et al. 1996)
epipastoides Nyl.
* epiphyscia Nyl.
erubescens Willey
erupta Nyl.
excedens Nyl.
exilis (Flörke) Anzi
* farinacea (H. Olivier) R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
fissurina Nyl.
floridana Willey
fuliginosa (Schaerer) Flotow
* fuscopurpurea (Tul.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
galactitella Nyl.
glebosa Tuck.
granosa B. de Lesd.
gyalectoides Müll. Arg.
hamamelidis Nyl.
helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. (Harris 1977)
hypobela (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
ilicina Taylor
impallens Nyl.
incarnata Th. Fr. ex Almq.
infectans Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
* intexta Almq.
lapidicola (Taylor) Branth & Rostrup
lecanactidea Zahlbr.
lecideella Nyl.
* lethariicola Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
leucastraea Tuck.
leucopellaea (Ach.) Almq.
* linitae R. Sant.
luridoalba Nyl.
madreana Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
mediella Nyl.
microspermella Willey
* molendoi (Frauenf.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
muscigena Th. Fr. Syn.: Bryostigma leucodontis
neoni B. de Lesd.
* nephromiaria (Nyl.) Nyl. ex H. Olivier
ochrocincta Willey
ochrodiscodes Nyl.
ochrolutea Nyl.
palmulacea (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
patellulata Nyl.
* peltigerina (Almq.) H. Olivier
perminuta Willey
phaeobaea (Norman) Norman
pinastri Anzi
platygraphidea Nyl.
platyspilea Nyl.
polygramma Nyl.
polymorpha Ach.
pruinata (Pers.) A. L. Sm.
pruinosella Nyl.
pruinosula Nyl.
punctiformis Ach.
pyrrhuliza Nyl.
quintaria Nyl.
radiata (Pers.) Ach.
ravenelii Tuck.
reniformis (Pers.) Ach.
rhoidis Zahlbr.
rubella (Fée) Nyl.
rupicola Fink
sexlocularis Zahlbr.
siderea Degel.
spadicea Leighton
stellaris Kremp.
stictella Stizenb.
subastroidella Nyl.
subdiffusa Willey
subdispuncta Nyl.
* subfuscicola (Lindsay) Triebel
subminutissima Nyl.
subminutula Nyl.
subrubella Nyl.
taedescens Nyl.
terrigena Nyl.
tetramera (Stizenb.) Hasse
torulosa Fée
tuckermaniana Willey
varia (Ach.) Nyl.
* varians (Davies) Nyl. Syn.: Celidium varians (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)
vernans Willey
vinosa Leighton
viridicans Willey
willeyi Tuck.
xylographica Nyl.
alba Müll. Arg. = a Stirtonia sp.
aspersa Leighton = A. arthonioides
atractospora Zahlbr. = erroneous listing for Arthopyrenia atractospora
carneorufa Willey = Catillaria erysiboides
convexella Nyl. = a non-lichenized fungus (Mycoporum sp.?)
fusca (A. Massal.) Hepp = A. lapidicola
glaucescens Nyl. = Schismatomma glaucescens
glaucomaria (Nyl.) Nyl. = A. varians
gregaria (Weigel) Körber = A. cinnabarina
gregarina Willey = Coniarthonia gregarina
impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer = A. pruinata
leucodontis (Poelt & Döbb.) Coppins = A. muscigena
lurida Ach. nom. rej. = A. spadicea
melaspora Tuck. = Sporostigma melaspora (Grube 2001)
pyrrhula Nyl. = Coniarthonia pyrrhula
tumidula (Ach.) Ach. = A. cinnabarina

ARTHOPHACOPSIS Hafellner
* parmeliarum Hafellner (Diederich 2003, Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)

ARTHOPYRENIA A. Massal.
+ analepta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Harris 1995a, Aptroot 2002a) Syn.: Polyblastiopsis fallax
cerasi (Schrader) A. Massal.
cinchonae (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
cinereopruinosa (Schaerer) A. Massal.
confluens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
degelii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
esenbeckiana (Fée) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
exasperata R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
lyrata R. C. Harris
majuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
malaccitula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
minor R. C. Harris
oblongens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
planorbis (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
plumbaria (Stizenb.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Porina plumbaria, Pyrenula herrei
punctiformis (Stizenb.) R.C. Harris (Aptroot 2002a)
rappii Zahlbr.
rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Aptroot 2002a)
taxodii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
* texensis (Cooke) D. Hawksw.
affinis (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris = Strigula affinis North American records are S. jamesii
alba (Schrader) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
ambigua Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium ambiguum
anacardii Vainio = Anisomeridium terminatum
analeptella (Nyl.) Arnold = misidentifications for North America
antecellens (Nyl.) Arnold = Mycoporum antecellens
atomarioides Müll. Arg. = Naetrocymbe atomarioides, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
atractospora Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atractospora, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
bifera Zahlbr. = A. malaccitula
biformis (Borrer) A. Massal. = Anisomeridium biforme
carinthiaca J. Steiner = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris = Acrocordia cavata
conformis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North America, mostly Anisomeridium biforme
conoidea (Fr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia conoidea
dimidiata Fink = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
distans (Willey) Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium distans
epidermidis (DC.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
epidermidis (DC.) A. Massal. = A. punctiformis
faginea (Schaerer) Swinscow = Strigula stigmatella
fallax (Nyl.) Arnold = A. analepta
finkii Zahlbr. = Acrocordia megalospora
floridana Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atomarioides, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
fraxini A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe fraxini, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. = Acrocordia gemmata
halodytes (Nyl.) Arnold = Pyrenocollema halodytes
hyalospora (Nyl.) Fink = Lithothelium hyalosporum
lapponina Anzi = A. analepta
leucochlora Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium leucochlorum
macrocarpa (Körber) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America
macrospora Fink = Acrocordia megalospora
megalospora Lonnr. = Naetrocymbe megalospora, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
mycoporoides Müll. Arg. = Mycoporum mycoporoides
padi Rabenh. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
parvula Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium biforme
pinicola (Hepp) A. Massal. = A. cinereopruinosa
prospersella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenocollema prospersella
punctiformis (Pers.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis. to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Polymeridium quinqueseptatum
rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. = misidentifications for North America
salicis A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe ?, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
sanfordensis Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium excaecariae
sphaeroides (Wallr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
sublitoralis (Leighton) Arnold = Pyrenocollema sublitorale
submuriformis R. C. Harris = Strigula submuriformis
subprostans (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium subprostans
subpunctiformis Nyl. = A. atomarioides
tenuis R. C. Harris = Strigula americana
tichothecioides Arnold = Pyrenocollema tichothecioides
willeyana R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium polypori

ARTHOTHELIUM A. Massal.
abnorme (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
adveniens Nyl.
albovirescens (Nyl.) Fink
anastomosans (Ach.) Arnold
distendens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
interveniens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
macounii (G. Merr.) W. Noble
macrothecum (Fée) A. Massal.
orbilliferum (Almq.) Hasse
pruinascens Zahlbr.
ruanum (A. Massal.) Körber
sanguineum (Willey) Zahlbr.
spectabile A. Massal.
subcyrtodes (Willey) Hasse
taediosum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
violascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
gregarinum (Willey) Zahlbr. = Coniarthonia gregarina
ilicinum (Taylor) P. James = Arthonia ilicina
ruanideum (Nyl.) Arnold = A. ruanum

ARTHRORHAPHIS Th. Fr.
* aeruginosa R. Sant. & Tønsberg
alpina (Schaerer) R. Sant. Syn.: Bacidia alpina
citrinella (Ach.) Poelt Syn.: Bacidia citrinella, B. flavovirescens
^# grisea Th. Fr. Syn.: Lahmia fueistingii

ARTHROSPORUM A. Massal.
populorum A. Massal. Syns.: Bacidia populorum, B. acclinis
accline (Flotow) A. Massal. = A. populorum

ASAHINEA Culb. & C. Culb.
chrysantha (Tuck.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria chrysantha
scholanderi (Llano) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria scholanderi

ASPICILIA A. Massal.
albomarginata B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora albomarginata
[Lecanora albopruinosa Looman]
alboradiata (H. Magn.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora alboradiata
aliena (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora aliena
americana B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora americana
annulata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora annulata
anseris (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Synonym: Lecanora anseris
aquatica Körber Syn.: Lecanora aquatica
arctica (Lynge) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora arctica
caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold Syn.: Lecanora caesiocinerea
caesiopruinosa (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora caesiopruinosa
calcarea (L.) Mudd Syn.: Lecanora calcarea
californica Rosentreter (Rosentreter 1998)
candida (Anzi) Hue Syn.: Lecanora candida
cinerea (L.) Körber Syn.: Lecanora cinerea
cingulata (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora cingulata
composita (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora composita
concinna (J. W. Thomson) J. W. Thomson (Thomson 1997)
contigua (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. Syn.: Lecanora contorta
desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. Syn.: Lecanora desertorum
disserpens (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora disserpens
elevata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora elevata
filiformis Rosentreter (Rosentreter 1998)
fimbriata (H. Magn.) Clauzade & Rondon Syn.: Lecanora fimbriata
fruticulosa (Eversm.) Flagey
gibbosa (Ach.) Körber Syns.: Lecanora gibbosa, L. gibbosula
grisea Arnold (Fryday 2001)
hispida Mereschk. Syns.: Agrestia hispida, A. cyphellata
heteroplaca (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora heteroplaca
humboldtii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
karelica (H. Magn.) Oksner
laevata (Ach.) Arnold Syn.: Lecanora laevata
laxula (H. Magn.) Brodo
leprosescens (Sandst.) Hav.
lesleyana Darbish. Syn.: Lecanora lesleyana
limitata (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora limitata
mashiginensis (Zahlbr.) Oksner
mastoidea (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora mastoidea
mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. (Wetmore 1967, as Lecanora mastrucata)
mazarina (Wahlenb.) R. Sant.
moenium (Vainio) Thor & Timdal
narssaquensis (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syns.: Lecanora basaltica, L. narssaquensis
nathorstii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
nikrapensis Darbish. Syn.: Lecanora nikrapensis
nordlandica (H. Magn.) Degel.
novae-semliae (Zahlbr.) Oksner
pergibbosa (H. Magn.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora pergibbosa
perradiata (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Lecanora perradiata
pertusa (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora pertusa
plicigera (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora plicigera
polychroma Anzi Syn.: Lecanora polychroma
quartzitica W. A. Weber
reptans (Looman) Wetmore Syn.: Lecanora reptans
rolleana Hue Syn.: Lecanora rolleana
rosulata Körber Syn.: Lecanora rosulata
ryrkaipiae (H. Magn.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora ryrkaipiae
sorediza (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
sublapponica (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora sublapponica
submersa (Lamy) Hue
subplicigera (H. Magn.) Oksner
subradians (Nyl.) Hue Syns.: Lecanora stygioplaca, L. subradiascens, L. subradians
supertegens Arnold Syn.: Lecanora supertegens
[Lecanora tenuis H. Magn.]
verrucigera Hue Syn.: Lecanora verrucigera
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia alphoplaca
alpina (Sommerf.) Arnold = Bellemerea alpina
bennettii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson = A. mashiginensis
cinereorufescens (Ach.) A. Massal. = Bellemerea cinereorufescens
diamarta (Ach.) Boistel = Bellemerea diamarta
excavata Thor & Timdal = A. moenium
flavida (Hepp) Rehm = Eiglera flavida
lacustris (With.) Th. Fr. = Ionaspis lacustris
melanaspis (Ach.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia melanaspis
melinodes Körber = Porpidia melinodes
myrinii (Fr.) Stein = Aspilidea myrinii
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
praeradiosa (Nyl.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia praeradiosa
radiosa (Hoffm.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia radiosa
sanguinea Kremp. = Bellemerea sanguinea
stygioplaca (Nyl.) Hue = A. subradians
subradiascens (Nyl.) Hue = A. subradians
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. = Bellemerea subsorediza

ASPIDOTHELIUM Vainio
fugiens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.

ASPILIDEA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
myrinii (Fr.) Hafellner

ASTEROPHOMA D. Hawksw.
* mazaediicola D. Hawksw.

ASTEROTHYRIUM Müll. Arg.
decipiens (Rehm) R. Sant.
leucophthalmum (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
rotuliforme (Mull. Arg.) Sérus. Syns.: Gyalectidium rotuliforme, Lopadiopsis floridana

ASTROTHELIUM Eschw.
cinnamomeum (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
confusum Müll. Arg.
diplocarpum Nyl. (Harris 1995a)
galbineum Kremp.
variolosum (Ach.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Trypethelium catervarium
versicolor Müll. Arg.
conicum auct. = A. cinnamomeum
conicum Eschw. = (?) type not found
ochrothelizum Müll. Arg. = A. galbineum

ATHELIA Pers.
* arachnoidea (Berk.) Jülich (Haffelner et al. 2002)
⁺ epiphylla Pers.
poeltii Jülich

AULAXINA Fée
microphana (Vainio) R. Sant.
quadrangula (Stirton) R. Sant.

Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited

BACHMANNIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
* uncialicola (Zopf) D. Hawksw.

BACIDIA De Not.
absistens (Nyl.) Arnold
aggregatula Malme
arceutina (Ach.) Arnold
[Bilimbia artyta (Ach.) Fink]
auerswaldii (Hepp ex Stizenb.) Mig.
augustinii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain (Ekman 1996)
bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta
beckhausii Körber = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain (Ekman 1996)
biatorina (Körber) Vainio
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.
campalea (Tuck.) S. Ekman & Kalb
circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vainio) Malme
diffracta S. Ekman
flavens (Willey) Zahlbr. = a species of Lecania (Ekman 1996)
friesiana (Hepp) Körber
granosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here(Ekman 1996)
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio
helicospora S. Ekman
herbarum (Stizenb.) Arnold
heterochroa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
hostheleoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
igniarii (Nyl.) Oksner
illudens (Nyl.) Lynge
insularis Zahlbr.
ioessa Herre = misplaced, correct placement uncertain (Ekman 1996)
jacobi (Tuck.) Hasse = misplaced, correct placement uncertain (Ekman 1996)
kingmanii Hasse = misplaced, correct placement uncertain (Ekman 1996)
laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. subsp. laurocerasi (Ekman 1996)
laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis (H. Magn.) S. Ekman
medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) B. de Lesd. (Ekman 1996)
microcarpa (Th. Fr.) Lettau Syn.: Mycobilimbia microcarpa (Ekman 1996)
mutabilis Malme
pammellii (Fink) Zahlbr.
polychroa (Th. Fr.) Körber
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain (Ekman 1996)
reagens Malme
rosella (Pers.) De Not.
rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal.
rubidofusca (Willey) Zahlbr. = possibly a species of Gyalidea (Ekman 1996)
russeola (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
salmonea S. Ekman
saxicola Looman = misplaced, correct placement uncertain (Ekman 1996)
schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneider
scopulicola (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.
siberiensis (Willey) Zahlbr.
subgranulosa (Tuck.) Riddle Erroneously listed as a synonym of Phyllopsora canoumbrina in the checklist; possibly belongs toPsorella (Ekman 1996)
subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold
suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneider
trachona (Ach.) Lettau
vermifera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (Ekman 1996)
viridifarinosa Coppins & P. James (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
abbrevians (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = B. igniarii
abductans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = B. schweinitzii
accedens (Arnold) Lettau = Myxobilimbia accedens
accedens sensu Harris = unnamed species (Ekman 1996)
acclinis (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Arthrosporum populorum
affinis (Stizenb.) Vainio = B. subincompta
akompsa (Tuck.) Fink = a Lecanactis sp.
alaskensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Herteliana alaskensis
albescens (Kremp.) Zwackh = Bacidina phacodes, but misidentifications for N.A.
alpina (Schaerer) Vainio = Arthrorhaphis alpina
apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Bacidina apiahica
arnoldiana Körber = Bacidina arnoldiana
arthoniza (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lecidella stigmatea
assulata (Körber) Vezda = Bacidina assulata
atrogrisea (Delise ex Hepp) Körber = B. laurocerasi
aurantiaca Vezda = Fellhanera aurantiaca
bacillifera (Nyl.) Arnold = B. circumspecta
caloosensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. hostheleoides
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996, Printzen 1995)
chlorantha (Tuck.) Fink = Ropalospora chlorantha
chlorococca (Stenh.) Lettau = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum
chlorosticta (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Micarea chlorosticta
citrinella (Ach.) Branth & Rostrup = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
clementis Hasse = Bactrospora patellarioides (Ekman 1996)
coprodes (Körber) Lettau = B. trachona
cuprea (A. Massal.) Lettau = Lecania cuprea (Ekman 1996)
cupreorosella (Nyl.) A. Schneider = Lecania cuprea
declinis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Catillaria nigroclavata
dryina (Ach.) Fink = Bactrospora dryina
effusa auct. = B. assulata
egenula (Nyl.) Arnold = Bacidina egenula
egenuloidea Fink = Bacidina egenuloidea
endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr. = Micarea endocyanea
endoleuca auct. = B. laurocerasi
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Lettau = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996)
flavovirescens (Dickson) Anzi = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
floridana (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera floridana
fusca (A. Massal.) Du Rietz = Mycobilimbia tetramera
fuscorubella (Ach.) Bausch = B. polychroa
globulosa (Flörke) Hafellner & V. Wirth = Catillaria globulosa
gyalectiformis (Zahlbr.) Hasse = Ramonia ablephora
gyalizella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pachphiale gyalizella
hegetschweileri auct. = B. vermifera (Ekman 1996)
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio = B. subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold (Ekman 1996)
herrei Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
hypnophila (Turner ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = Bacidia sabuletorum, but not present in N. America
idahoensis H. Magn. = B. laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis
incompta (Borrer ex Hook.) Anzi = misidentifications for North America
inundata (Fr.) Körber = Bacidina inundata
leucophyllina (Nyl.) Fink = misidentifications for North America
lignaria (Ach.) Lettau = Micarea lignaria
lugubris (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Ropalospora lugubris
luteola "(Ach.) Mudd" = B. rubella
meadii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Byssoloma meadii
melaena (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Micarea melaena
microphyllina auct. = Phyllopsora corallina var. santensis
microphyllina (Tuck.) Riddle = misidentifications for North America
minuscula Anzi = B. beckhausii
molybditis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. medialis
muscorum (Sw.) Mudd = B. bagliettoana
naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr. = Lecania naegelii
nivalis Follmann = Stereocaulon nivale
obscurata (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia tetramera
pallens (Kullhem) Zahlbr. = Cliostomum pallens (Ekman 1997)
phacodes auct. N. Am. = Bacidina californica, in part
populorum (A. Massal.) Trevisan = Arthrosporum populorum
rubricosa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
sabuletorum (Schreber) Lettau = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum
sphaeroides (Dickson) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia pilularis
sphaeroides auct. non (Dickson) Zahlbr. = B. carneoalbida
stigmatella (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Lecania stigmatella
subfuscula (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Lecania subfuscula
tetramera (De Not.) Coppins = Mycobilimbia tetramera
trisepta (Hellbom) Zahlbr. = Micarea peliocarpa
umbrina (Ach.) Bausch = Scoliciosporum umbrinum
verecundula (Th. Fr.) = misidentification for North America (Ekman 1996)

BACIDINA Vezda
aenea S. Ekman
apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia apiahica
arnoldiana (Körber) Wirth & Vezda Syn.: Bacidia arnoldiana
assulata (Körber) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia assulata, B. effusa
californica S. Ekman
chloroticula (Nyl.) Vezda & Poelt (Ekman 1996)
crystallifera S. Ekman
egenula (Nyl.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia egenula
egenuloidea (Fink) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia egenuloidea
inundata (Fr.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia inundata
ramea S. Ekman
squamellosa S. Ekman
varia S. Ekman
phacodes (Körber) Vezda = Bacidina californica, in part, for N.A. records

BACTROSPORA A. Massal.
brevispora R.C. Harris
brodoi Egea & Torrente)
denticulata (Vainio) Egea & Torrente
dryina (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Bacidia dryina
macrospora R.C. Harris
mesospora R.C. Harris
myriadea (Fée) Egea & Torrente
patellarioides (Nyl.) Vainio Syns.: Lecanactis patellarioides, Bacidia clementis
spiralis Egea & Torrente
integrispora Seaver = B. denticulata (Harris 1995a)
nematospora R.C. Harris = B. myriadea

BACULIFERA Marbach & Kalb
curtisii (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia curtisii (Marbach 2000)
imshaugiana (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia imshaugiana (Marbach 2000)

BAEOMYCES Pers.
carneus Flörke
placophyllus Ach.
rufus (Hudson) Rebent.
absolutus Tuck. = Dibaeis absoluta
fungoides (Sw.) Ach. North American reports are Dibaeis baeomyces
roseus Pers. = Dibaeis baeomyces

BATHELIUM Ach. (Harris 1995a)
carolinianum (Tuck.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Trypethelium carolinianum
madreporiforme (Eschw.) Trevisan (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Laurera madreporiformis

BELLEMEREA Hafellner & Roux
alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Roux Syns.: Lecanora alpina, Aspicilia alpina
cinereorufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Roux Syns.: Aspicilia cinereorufescens, Lecanora cinereorufescens
diamarta (Ach.) Hafellner & Roux Syn.: Aspicilia diamarta
sanguinea (Kremp.) Hafellner & Roux Syns.: Aspicilia sanguinea, Lecanora sanguinea
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. Syns.: Lecidea subsorediza, Aspicilia subsorediza

BELONIA Körber ex Nyl.
russula Körber ex Nyl.
americana Fink ex Hedr. = Robergea pupula, but excluded as a non-lichen
fennica Vainio = B. russula

BIATORA Fr.
aegrefaciens Printzen (Printzen, Tønsberg & Palice 2002)
alaskana Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999 [2000])
botryosa Fr. (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea botryosa
chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen in V. Wirth (Printzen 1995)
chrysanthoides Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2003)
cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr. Syn.: Lecidea cuprea
efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea efflorescens, L. epixanthoidiza
fallax Hepp (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999 [2000])
flavopunctata (Tønsberg) Hinteregger & Printzen Syn.: Lecanora flavopunctata
helvola Körber ex Hellbom (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea helvola
hypophaea Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999 [2000])
meiocarpa (Nyl.) Arnold Syn.: Lecidea meiocarpa, L. minuta
nobilis Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999 [2000])
pausiaca Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2003)
pontica Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2003)
porphyrospoda Anzi Syn.: Lecidea porphyrospoda
printzenii Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2002)
rufidula (Graewe) S. Ekman & Printzen (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999 [2000])
subduplex (Nyl.) Printzen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea subduplex, L.apochroeiza, L. internectens
toensbergii Holien & Printzen (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999 [2000])
turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. Syn.: L. turgidula
vacciniicola (Tønsberg) Printzen (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea vacciniicola
vernalis (L.) Fr. Syn.: Lecidea vernalis
albohyalina (Nyl.) Bagl. & Carestia = Lecidea albohyalina (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999 [2000])
anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner = Hypocenomyce anthracophila
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996, Printzen 1995)
cladoniscum Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Diederich = Mycobilimbia epixanthoides
papillariae Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
pullata Norman = Lecidea amaurospoda
russellii Tuck. = Psora russellii
sphaeroides (Dickson) Körber = Mycobilimbia pilularis

BIATORELLA De Not.
cyphalea (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
floridensis H. Magn.
hemisphaerica Anzi
plicata (H. Magn.) Zahlbr.
rappii Zahlbr.
albidula (Willey) Zahlbr. = Myrionora albidula
campestris (Fr.) Almq. = Sarcosagium campestre
clavus (DC.) Th. Fr. = Sarcogyne clavus
clauzadeana Llimona & Vezda = Acarospora clauzadeana
conspersa (Fèe) Vainio = Piccolia conspersa
fossarum (Dufour ex Fr.) Th. Fr. = B. hemisphaerica for North American records
hypophaea (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss. = Sarcogyne privigna
kulshanensis Herre = a Sarcogyne sp.
microhaema Norman = Strangospora microhaema
moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Strangospora moriformis
ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold = Strangospora ochrophora
pruinosa "(Körber) Mudd" = Sarcogyne regularis
⁺ resinae (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Sarea resinae
simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup = Polysporina simplex
terrena Hasse Identity uncertain
testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal. = Sporastatia testudinea

BIATOROPSIS Räsänen
* usnearum Räsänen

BIATORIDIUM J. Lahm
delitescens (Arnold) Hafellner (Ekman 1996)

BILIMBIA De Not. = MYCOBILIMBIA
caudata (Nyl.) Fink = Ropalospora lugubris
gyalectiformis Zahlbr. = Ramonia ablephora
pammellii Fink = Bacidia granosa (Ekman 1996)
tricholoma (Mont.) Fink = Byssoloma tricholomum

BISPORA Fuckel
* lichenum Diederich (Cole & D. Hawksw. 2001)
* christiansenii D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998) = Intralichen christiansenii

BLASTENIA A. Massal. = CALOPLACA
diphasia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = a Caloplaca diphasia
novomexicana Fink = a Caloplaca sp.
rubrofusca B. de Lesd. = a Caloplaca sp.

BOMBYLIOSPORA De Not. ex A. Massal. = MEGALOSPORA
domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. = Letrouitia domingensis
pachycheila (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Megalospora pachycheila
porphyritis (Tuck.) A. Massal. = Megalospora porphyritis
tuberculosa (Fée) De Not. = Megalospora tuberculosa
vulpina (Nyl.) J. M. Burgess = nom. inval. = Letrouitia vulpina

BOTRYDINA Bréb. = LICHENOMPHALIA
botryoides (L.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
luteovitellina (Pilát & Nannf.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia alpina
velutina (Quélet) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia velutina
viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
vulgaris Bréb. sens. str. = Lichenomphalia umbellifera

BOTRYOLEPRARIA Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea & Llimona
lesdainii (Hue) Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea & Llimona Syn.: Lepraria lesdainii (Canals et al. 1997)

BOTTARIA A. Massal. = MYCOPORUM Flotow ex Nyl.
cruentata Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula cruentata

BRIGANTIAEA Trevisan
fuscolutea (Dickson) R. Sant. Syn.: Lopadium fuscoluteum
leucoxantha (Sprengel) R. Sant. & Hafellner Syn.: Lopadium leucoxanthum
praetermissa Hafellner & St. Clair (Hafellner 1997)
purpurata (Zahlbr.) Hafellner & Bellem. (Goward et al. 1996) = B. praetermissa (Hafellner 1997)

BRODOA Goward
oroarctica (Krog) Goward Syn.: Hypogymnia oroarctica.
atrofusca (Schaerer) Goward Syns.: Hypogymnia atrofusca, Parmelia atrofusca. North American reports are probably misidentifications of Brodoa oroarctica(Krog) Goward.
intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward Syns.: Hypogymnia intestiniformis, H. encausta, Parmelia intestiniformis, P. encausta. North American reports are misidentifications of Brodoa oroarctica (Krog) Goward.

BRYOCAULON Kärnefelt
divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt Syns.: Cornicularia divergens, Coelocaulon divergens
pseudosatoanum (Asah.) Kärnefelt Syn.: Cornicularia pseudosatoana

BRYONORA Poelt
castanea (Hepp) Poelt Syn.: Lecanora castanea
curvescens (Mudd) Poelt Syn.: Lecania curvescens
pruinosa (Th. Fr.) Holtan-Hartwig
septentrionalis Holtan-Hartwig

BRYOPHAGUS Nitschke ex Arnold
gloeocapsa Nitschke ex Arnold (fide J. Hafellner, see Appendix)

BRYOPOGON Link
negativus Gyelnik = Bryoria lanestris
pacificus Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens

BRYORIA Brodo & D. Hawksw.
ambigua (Mot.) Bystr. & Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria bicolor
capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria capillaris, A. setacea for North American records
carlottae Brodo & D. Hawksw.
cervinula Mot. ex Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria cervinula
chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria chalybeiformis
fabiszewskiana Bystr. (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria fremontii, A. corneliae, A. tenerrima
friabilis Brodo & D. Hawksw. (Holien, 1989, considers this taxon to be a synonym of and conspecific with B. implexa)
furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria nidulifera, Cornicularia fibrillosa
furcellata subsp. hawksworthiana Bystr. & Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria fuscescens, A. positiva, Bryopogon pacificus
glabra (Mot.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria glabra
implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria implexa (See notes under B. friabilis and B. pseudofuscescens)
lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria lanestris, Bryopogon negativus
nadvornikiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria nadvornikiana, A. altaica
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria nitidula, A. irvingii, A. lanea auct.
pikei Brodo & D. Hawksw.
pseudocapillaris Brodo & D. Hawksw.
pseudofuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria achariana, A. norstictica nom. nudum, A. subtilis nom.nudum (Holien, 1989, considers this taxon to be a synonym and conspecific with B. implexa)
salazinica Brodo & D. Hawksw.
simplicior (Vainio) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria simplicior, A. nana nom. nudum
spiralifera Brodo & D. Hawksw.
subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria subcana
tenuis (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria tenuis
tortuosa (G. Merr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria tortuosa, A. virens for North American records
trichodes (Michaux) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. trichodes Syns.: Alectoria canadensis, A. delicata nom. nudum
trichodes subsp. americana (Mot.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria ambigua, A. americana
trichodes subsp. brodoana Bystr. & Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
trichodes subsp. canadensis (Mot.) Bystr. & Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria abbreviata
oregana (Tuck. ex Willey) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria oregana
setacea (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Not in North America.
subdivergens (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria subdivergens
vrangiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. sens. str. is known only from Europe and is considered a synonym of B. implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. by Holien (1989).

BRYOSCYPHUS Spooner
* lichenicola Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)

BUELLIA De Not.
* adjuncta Th. Fr. (see Appendix)
aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr.
arborea Coppins & Tønsberg (Tønsberg & McCune 2001 [2002])
arnoldii Servít & Nádv.
^# badia (Fr.) A. Massal.
bolacina Tuck.
calcariaecola B. de Lesd.
capitis-regum W. A. Weber
cedricola Werner (Nordin 1999)
coccinea (Fée) Aptroot
crystallifera (Vainio) Hav. (Goward et al. 1996)
curatellae Malme
dispersa A. Massal.
elegans Poelt (Weber 1990)
epigaea (Pers.) Tuck.
erubescens Arnold
geophila (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Lynge
griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb.
halonia (Ach.) Tuck.
immersa Lynge
* imshaugii Hafellner
insignis "(Naeg. ex Hepp) Th. Fr."
jugorum (Arnold) Arnold
lacteoidea B. de Lesd.
langloisii Imshaug ex Marbach (Marbach 2000)
lauricassiae (Fée) Müll. Arg.
lecanoroides H. Magn.
lepidastra (Tuck.) Tuck.
leptocline (Flotow) A. Massal.
mamillana (Tuck.) W. A. Weber
maritima (A. Massal.) Bagl.
melanochlora (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
mexicana J. Steiner (Nordin 2000)
microbola (Tuck. ex Fink) Sheard Syn.: Rinodina microbola
modesta (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
muriformis A. Nordin & Tønsberg (Nordin 1999)
nantiana B. de Lesd.
nigra (Fink) Sheard Syn.: Rinodina nigra
notabilis Lynge
novomexicana B. de Lesd.
occidentalis Lynge (Lepage 1972)
ocellata (Flotow) Körber
oidalea (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn.: Rhizocarpon oidaleum
papillata (Sommerf.) Tuck. Syn.: Buelliopsis papillata
polyspora (Willey) Vainio
saurina W. A. Weber
saxicola B. de Lesd.
schaereri De Not.
semitensis Tuck.
silicicola B. de Lesd.
smaragdula B. de Lesd.
spuria (Schaerer) Anzi
stellulata (Taylor) Mudd
stigmaea Tuck.
stigmatea Körber
stillingiana J. Steiner
subdispersa Mig. (Nordin 1999)
terricola A. Nordin (Nordin 1999)
tesserata Körber (Rico et al. 2003)
tolucae B. de Lesd. (Nordin 1999)
triphragmioides Anzi
triseptata A. Nordin (Nordin 1999)
uberior Anzi
vilis Th. Fr.
aethaleoides (Nyl.) H. Olivier = B. aethalea
alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = Diplotomma alboatrum
ambigua (Ach.) Malme = Diplotomma ambiguum
amphidexia Imshaug ex R. C. Harris = Endohyalina circumpallida
atrata (Sm.) Anzi = Orphniospora moriopsis
badioatra (Flörke ex Sprengel) Körber = Rhizocarpon badioatrum
bahiana Malme = Hafellia bahiana
blasteniospora Zahlbr. = Hafellia parastata
blumeri Zahlbr. = B. dispersa
callispora (C. Knight) J. Steiner = Hafellia callispora
caloosensis Tuck. = Gassicurtia catasema
canescens (Dickson) De Not. = Diploicia canescens
catasema (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia catasema
chlorophaea (Hepp ex Leighton) Lettau = Diplotomma chlorophaeum
colludens (Nyl.) Arnold = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri
coniops (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. = Amandinea coniops
conspirans (Nyl.) Vainio = B. curatellae
contermina Arnold = B. uberior
coracina (Nyl.) Körber = Orphniospora moriopsis
curtisii (Tuck.) Imshaug = Baculifera curtisii
dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck. = Chrismofulvea dialyta
disciformis (Fr.) Mudd = Hafellia disciformis
elizae (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia elizae
epipolia (Ach.) Mong. = Diplotomma epipolium
fimbriata (Tuck.) Imshaug = B. tesserata
glaucomarioidea Willey ex Tuck. = Dactylospora glaucomarioides
glaziouana (Kremp.) Müll. Arg. = B. mamillana
hassei Imshaug = B. griseovirens
imshaugiana R. C. Harris = Baculifera imshaugiana
* inquilina Tuck. = Dactylospora inquilina
isidians (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = excluded as doubtful
leucomela Imshaug = Amandinea leucomela
malmei Lynge = B. aethalea
moriopsis (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. = Orphniospora moriopsis
myriocarpa (DC.) De Not. = Amandinea punctata
nivalis (Bagl. & Car.) Hertel ex Hafellner = Diplotomma nivalis
pachnidisca R. C. Harris = Gassicurtia subpulchella
parasema (Ach.) De Not. = Hafellia disciformis
penichra (Tuck.) Hasse = Diplotomma penichrum
pertusariicola Willey ex Tuck. = Dactylospora pertusariicola
pinastri Erichsen (Erichsen 1940) = Chrismofulvea pinastri
placodiomorpha Vainio = Amandinea placodiomorpha
polyspora (Willey) Vainio = Amandinea polyspora
pruinella Imshaug = B. fimbriata
pueblae B. de Lesd. = B. retrovertens
pulchella (Schrader) Tuck. = Catolechia wahlenbergii
pullata Tuck. = Amandinea punctata
pulverulenta (Anzi) Jatta = Diplotomma pulverulentum
punctata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. = Amandinea punctata
punctata var. polyspora (Willey) Fink = B. polyspora
radiata Tuck. = Dimelaena radiata
rappii Imshaug ex R.C. Harris = Endohyalina rappii
retrovertens Tuck. = B. dispersa (Bungartz et al. 2002)
rinodinoides Anzi = misidentifications for North America
rinodinospora Riddle = Hafellia parastata
rubifaciens R.C. Harris = Chrismofulvea rubifaciens
scabrosa (Ach.) A. Massal. = Epilichen scabrosus
subpulcella Vainio = Gassicurtia subpulcella
tergestina J. Steiner & Zahlbr. = B. dispersa
thomae (Tuck.) Imshaug = B. mamillana
tucsonensis Zahlbr. = B. retrovertens
turgescens Tuck. = Amandinea turgescens
turgescentoides Fink = Amandinea turgescens
venusta (Körber) Lettau = Diplotomma ventusum
vernicoma (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia vernicoma
verruculosa (Sm.) Mudd = B. aethalea
verruculosa auct. = B. ocellata
wahlenbergii (Ach.) Sheard = Catolechia wahlenbergii
wheeleri R. C. Harris = Ciposia wheeleri
zahlbruckneri J. Steiner = B. erubescens

BUELLIELLA Fink
* minimula (Tuck.) Fink
* physciicola Poelt & Hafellner
* trypethelii (Tuck.) Fink
* inquilina (Tuck.) Fink = Dactylospora inquilina
* nuttallii (Calk. & Nyl.) Fink = Dactylospora lobariella
* parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Fink = Abrothallus parmeliarum
* saxatilis (Schaerer) Fink = Dactylospora saxatilis var. saxatilis
* usneae (Rabenh.) Fink = misidentification for North America

BUELLIOPSIS A. Schneider = BUELLIA
papillata (Sommerf.) Fink = Buellia papillata
vernicoma (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Buellia vernicoma

BULBOTHRIX Hale
confoederata (Culb.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia confoederata
coronata (Fée) Hale Syn.: Parmelia coronata
goebelii (Zenker) Hale Syn.: Parmelia goebelii, P. scortella, P. njalensis
isidiza (Nyl.) Hale
laevigatula (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia laevigatula

BULLATINA Vezda & Poelt
aspidota (Vainio) Vezda & Poelt Syn.: Calenia aspidotum

BUNODOPHORON A. Massal.
melanocarpum (Sw.) Wedin Syn.: Sphaerophorus melanocarpus

BYSSOLOMA Trevisan
leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vainio
marginatum (Arnold) Sérus.
meadii (Tuck.) S. S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia meadii
pubescens Vezda ex R.C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James
tricholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Bilimbia tricholoma
rotuliforme (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. = B. subdiscordans

Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited

CALENIA Müll. Arg.
aspidotum (Vainio) Vezda = Bullatina aspidota

CALICIELLA Vainio = non-lichenized fungi

CALICIUM Pers.
abietinum Pers.
adaequatum Nyl.
adspersum Pers.
chlorosporum F. Wilson
corynellum (Ach.) Ach.
glaucellum Ach.
hyperelloides Nyl.
lenticulare Ach.
leucochlorum Tuck.
montanum Tibell (Kolb & Spribille 2001)
parvum Tibell
quercinum Pers.
salicinum Pers.
trabinellum (Ach.) Ach
viride Pers.
albonigrum Nyl. = Mycocalicium albonigrum
^# asikkalense Vainio = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
curtisii Tuck. = Phaeocalicium curtisii
* disseminatum Ach. = Microcalicium disseminatum
^# floerkei Zahlbr. = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
fuscipes Tuck. = Mycocalicium fuscipes
hemisphaericum Howard = C. adaequatum
hyperellum (Ach.) Ach. = C. viride
lentigerellum Tuck. = C. lenticulare
lichenoides (L.) Schumacher = C. salicinum
microcephalum (Sm.) Ach. = Sphinctrina anglica
minutissimum G. Merr. = Phaeocalicium minutissimum
⁺ populneum Brond. ex Duby = Phaeocalicium populneum
^# pusillum auct. = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
pusiolum Ach. = Chaenothecopsis pusiola
queenslandiae (F. Wilson) Tibell = C. chlorosporum
ravenelii Tuck. = Mycocalicium ravenelii
roscidum (Ach.) Ach. nom. superfl. = C. adspersum
roscidum var. trabinellum (Ach.) Schaerer = C. trabinellum for North American records
sphaerocephalum (L.) Ach. = (?) C. lichenoides
^# subpusillum Vainio = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
subquercinum Asah. = C. lenticulare
⁺ subtile Pers. = Mycocalicium subtile
trachelinum Ach. = C. salicinum

CALOPADIA Vezda
fusca (Müll Arg.) Vezda Syn.: Lopadium fuscum
puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Vezda Syn.: Lopadium puiggarii

CALOPLACA Th. Fr.
adnexa Vezda
ahtii Søchting
albovariegata (B. de Lesd.) Wetmore Syn.: Pyrenodesmia albovariegata
alcarum Poelt
ammiospila (Wahlenb.) H. Olivier
approximata (Lynge) H. Magn.
arenaria (Pers.) Müll. Arg.
arizonica H. Magn.
atroalba (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
atroflava (Turner) Mong.
atrosanguinea (G. Merr.) Lamb
aurantia (Pers.) Hellbom
bolacina (Tuck.) Herre
borealis (Vainio) Poelt
brattiae W. A. Weber
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Nash et al. 1998)
brunneola Wetmore
californica Zahlbr.
camptidia (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
carolinae H. Magn.
cascadensis H. Magn.
catalinae H. Magn.
celata Th. Fr.
cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig) Th. Fr.
chlorina (Flotow) H. Olivier
chrysodeta (Vainio ex Räsänen) Dombr. Syn.: Leproplaca chrysodeta
chrysophthalma Degel.
cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr.
cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr.
citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.
cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
conversa (Kremp.) Jatta
coralloides (Tuck.) Hulting Syn.: Polycauliona coralloides
dakotensis Wetmore
decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forss.
demissa (Körber) Arup & Grube Syns.: Lecanora demissa, L. subolivascens (Arup & Grube 1999)
diphasia (Tuck.) Wetmore Syns.: Lecanora diphasia, Blastenia diphasia]
diphyodes (Nyl.) Jatta Syn.: Lecania arctica
discolor (Willey) Fink
dispersa B. de Lesd.
durietzii H. Magn.
* epithallina Lynge
[Candelariella epixantha (Ach.) Sandst.]
eugyra (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
exsecuta (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
feracissima H. Magn.
ferruginea (Hudson) Th. Fr.
ferrugineofusca (Vainio) H. Magn.
flavogranulosa Arup (Arup 1993a)
flavorubescens (Hudson) J. R. Laundon
flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
floridana (Tuck.) S. Tucker Syn.: Lecanora floridana
fraudans (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier
fraxinea Lamb
galactophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Jatta
* grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier
groenlandica Lynge
herbidella (Hue) H. Magn.
holocarpa (Hoffm. ex Ach.) M. Wade
ignea Arup
impolita Arup
inconspecta Arup
insularis Poelt
invadens Lynge (Thomson 1997)
jungermanniae (Vahl) Th. Fr.
lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
lithophila H. Magn.
litoricola Brodo
livida (Hepp) Jatta
lobulata (Flörke) B. de Lesd.
ludificans Arup (Arup 1995)
luteoalba (Turner) Th. Fr. Syn.: Candelariella luteoalba
luteominia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. var. luteominia
luteominia var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Arup
marina (Wedd.) Zahlbr. subsp. americana Arup
microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse
microthallina (Wedd.) Zahlbr.
[Pyrenodesmia montana B. de Lesd.]
neonii B. de Lesd.
neotropica Wetmore
nivalis (Körber) Th. Fr.
[Blastenia novomexicana Fink]
obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss.
oblongula (H. Magn.) Wetmore Syns.: Apatoplaca oblongula, Lecidea oblongula
obscurella (Körber) Th. Fr.
oleicola (Steiner) v.d. Boom & Breuss (Goward et al. 1996)
oregona H. Magn.
oxfordensis Fink
parvula Wetmore
parviloba Wetmore (Wetmore 2003)
peliophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
pellodella (Nyl.) Hasse Syn.: Pyrenodesmia elaeodes
phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
phyllidizans Wetmore (Wetmore 2003)
pinicola H. Magn.
pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta
quercicola H. Magn.
rosei Hasse
rubelliana (Ach.) Lojka
[Blastenia rubrofusca B. de Lesd.]
saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin
saxifragarum Poelt
schaereri (Flörke) Zahlbr.
scopularis (Nyl.) Lettau
sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) Maheu & A. Gillet
sipeana H. Magn.
sonorae Wetmore (Wetmore 1996)
sorocarpa (Vainio) Zahlbr.
spaldingii Zahlbr.
spitsbergensis H. Magn.
squamosa (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.
stanfordensis H. Magn.
stantonii W. A. Weber ex Arup
stellata Wetmore & Kärnefelt (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998)
stipitata Wetmore (Wetmore 1999)
subnitida (Malme) Zahlbr.
subpyraceella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
subsoluta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Wetmore 2003)
tetraspora (Nyl.) H. Olivier
texana Wetmore & Kärnefelt (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998)
tiroliensis Zahlbr.
tominii (Savicz) Ahlner (Wetmore 2001)
tornoënsis H. Magn.
trachyphylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
ulmorum (Fink) Fink
urceolata B. de Lesd.
variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg.
velana (A. Massal.) Du Rietz
verrucosa Hasse
verruculifera (Vainio) Zahlbr.
vicaria H. Magn.
vitellinula (Nyl.) H. Olivier
wetmorei Nimis, Poelt & Tretiach
wrightii (Willey) Fink
xanthostigmoidea (Räsänen) Zahlbr.
amabilis Zahlbr. = C. pellodella
arizonica E. Rudolph non H. Magn. = C. pellodella
atrocyanescens (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = misidentifications for North America
aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = C. flavorubescens
bolanderi (Tuck.) H. Magn. = C. luteominea var. bolanderi
bracteata (Hoffm.) Jatta = Fulgensia bracteata
bryochrysion Poelt = C. xanthostigmoidea
caesiorufa (Wibel) Flagey = removed as a nomen confusum (Wetmore 1996)
caesiorufella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. phaeocarpella
callopisma (Ach.) Th. Fr. = C. aurantia
castellana (Räsänen) Poelt If treated as separate from C. invadens as done by e.g. Alstrup (1991), this species has not yet been reported for North America
cinnamomea (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = C. ammiospila
constipans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Edrudia constipans
crenularia (With.) J. R. Laundon = misidentification for North America (Wetmore 1996)
diplacia (Ach.) Riddle = doesn't occur N of Mexico (Wetmore 1994)
discernenda (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. saxicola
discoidalis (Vainio) Lynge = C. ammiospila
elegans (Link) Th. Fr. = Xanthoria elegans
epiphyta Lynge = C. xanthostigmoidea (Søchting & Tønsberg 1997)
erythrella (Ach.) Kieffer = C. flavovirescens
festiva (Ach.) Zwackh = C. crenularia, but North American records incorrect according to Wetmore (1996)
fulgens (Sw.) Körber = Fulgensia fulgens
gilva (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. = C. cerina
gloriae sensu Aptroot (1996) non Werner & Llimona = C. verruculifera (Arup 1997 [1998])
herrei Hasse = C. atrosanguinea
intermedia (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = C. cinnabarina (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1999 [2000])
irrubescens (Arnold) Zahlbr. = C. subsoluta
laeta H. Magn. = C. luteominia var. luteominia
lamprocheila (DC.) Flagey = C. arenaria
leucoraea (Ach. ex Flörke) Branth = C. sinapisperma
modesta (Zahlbr.) Fink = C. subsoluta
murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = C. saxicola
paulsenii (Vainio) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America
pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. = C. holocarpa
sarcopisioides (Körber) Zahlbr. = C. obscurella
scotoplaca (Nyl.) H. Magn. = misidentification for North America (Wetmore 1996)
sorediata (Vainio) Du Rietz = Xanthoria sorediata
splendens (Darbish.) Zahlbr. = Xanthoria elegans var. splendens
stillicidiorum (Vahl) Lynge = C. cerina
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Candelina submexicana
subnigricans H. Magn. = C. atrosanguinea
subolivacea (Th. Fr.) Lynge = C. tiroliensis
teicholyta (Ach.) J. Steiner = misidentification for North America (Wetmore 1996)
thallincola (Wedd.) Du Rietz Not in North America

CALOPLACOPSIS (Zahlbr.) B. de Lesd. = CANDELARIELLA
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) B. de Lesd. = Candelina submexicana

CALVITIMELA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
armeniaca (DC.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea armeniaca, Tephromela armeniaca
aglaea (Sommerf.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea aglaea, Tephromela armeniaca
testaceoatra (Vainio) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea testaceoatra, Tephromela testaceoatra

CAMPYLOTHELIUM Müll. Arg.
amylosporum (Vainio) R. C. Harris = Polymeridium proponens
nitidum Zahlbr. = Laurera megasperma

CANDELARIA A. Massal.
concolor (Dickson) Stein
concolor var. effusa (Tuck.) G. Merr. & Burnham
fibrosa (Fr.) Müll. Arg.

CANDELARIELLA Müll. Arg.
antennaria Räsänen
arctica (Körber) R. Sant.
athallina (Wedd.) Du Rietz
aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.
canadensis H. Magn.
citrina B. de Lesd.
coralliza (Nyl.) H. Magn.
deflexa (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
dispersa (Räsänen) Hakul.
efflorescens R. C. Harris & W. R. Buck
kuusamoensis Räsänen var. areolata Hakul
lutella (Vainio) Räsänen
placodizans (Nyl.) H. Magn.
plumbea Poelt & Vezda
reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau
rosulans (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
spraguei (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
stenospora B. de Lesd.
subdeflexa (Nyl.) Lettau
terrigena Räsänen
vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.
xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau
cerinella (Flörke) Zahlbr. = C. aurella
crenulata (Wahlenb.) Zahlbr. = C. arctica
epixantha auct. = C. aurella
epixantha (Ach.) Sandst. = a Caloplaca sp.
holophaea (Mont.) Zahlbr. = Solenopsora holophaea
hudsonica Hakul. = C. canadensis
luteoalba (Turner) Lettau = Caloplaca luteoalba
medians (Nyl.) Sm. North American reports probably refer to Candelina submexicana
submexicana B. de Lesd. = Candelina submexicana

CANDELINA Poelt
mexicana (B. de Lesd.) Poelt
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) Poelt Syns.: Caloplacopsis submexicana, Candelariella submexicana, Caloplaca submexicana. North American reports ofCandelariella medians (Nyl.) Sm. probably belong here.

CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale (Elix 1997)
conferenda (Hale) Elix Syns.: Rimeliella conferenda, Parmotrema conferendum
haitiensis (Hale) Elix Syns.: Parmelia haitiensis, Parmotrema haitiensis
neotropica (Kurok.) Elix Syns.: Rimeliella neotropica, Parmotrema neotropicum
subsumpta (Nyl.) Elix Syns.: Rimeliella subsumpta, Parmotrema subsumptum, Parmelia subsumpta
subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix Syns.: Rimeliella subtinctoria, Parmotrema subtinctorium

CANOPARMELIA Elix & Hale
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Elix (Elix 2002) Syns: Paraparmelia alabamensis, Parmelia alabamensis
amabilis Heiman & Elix (Heiman & Elix 1999)
amazonica (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia amazonica, Pseudoparmelia amazonica
caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia caroliniana, Pseudoparmelia caroliniana
crozalsiana (B. de Lesd. ex Harm.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia crozalsiana, Pseudoparmelia crozalsiana
cryptochlorophaea (Hale) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia cryptochlorophaea, Pseudoparmelia cryptochlorophaea
martinicana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia martinicana, Pseudoparmelia martinicana
salacinifera (Hale) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia salacinifera, Pseudoparmelia salacinifera
texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia texana, Pseudoparmelia texana

CAPRONIA Sacc.
*peltigerae (Fuckel) D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)

CARBACANTHOGRAPHIS Staiger & Kalb (Staiger 2002)
marcescens (Fée) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphina marcescens, Graphis marcescens (Staiger 2002)
candidata (Nyl.) Staiger Kalb Syn.: Graphis candidata (Staiger 2002)

CARBONEA (Hertel) H ertel
* aggregantula (Müll. Arg.) Diederich & Triebel (Goward et al. 1996)
assimilis (Körber) Hafellner & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea assimilis
atronivea (Arnold) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea atronivea
intrusa (Th. Fr.) Rambold & Triebel (Hinds et al. 2002)
* supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel (Diederich 2003)
* vitellinaria (Nyl.) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea vitellinaria
vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea vorticosa

CATAPYRENIUM Flotow (Breuss 1996)
cinereum (Pers.) Körber Syn.: Dermatocarpon cinereum, D. hepaticum
compactum (A. Massal.) R. Sant. Syns.: Dermatocarpon compactum, D. rupicola, Endopyrenium americanum, E. rupicola(Application of this name uncertain, Breuss & McCune 1994)
daedaleum (Kremp.) Stein
globosum J. W. Thomson
granulosum (B. de Lesd.) J. W. Thomson Syns.: Endopyrenium crustaceum, E. granulosum, Dermatocarpon granulosum
psoromoides (Borrer) R. Sant.
schaereri (Fr.) R. Sant.
squamellum (Nyl.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Dermatocarpon squamellum
acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson = Placidium acarosporoides
andicolum Breuss = Placidium andicola
caeruleopulvinum J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium caeruleopulvinum
chilense (Räsänen) Breuss = Placidium chilense
congestum Breuss & McCune = Heteroplacidium congestum
heppioides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium heppioides
lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant. = Placidium lachneum
lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium lacinulatum
michelii (A. Massal.) R. Sant. = Placidium michelii
norvegicum Breuss = Placidium norvegicum
plumbeum (B. de Lesd.) J. W. Thomson (p.p.) = Verrucaria inficiens Breuss (Breuss 1998)
podolepis Breuss = Heteroplacidium podolepis
rufescens (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium rufescens
squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium squamulosum
tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) J. W. Thomson = Placidium tuckermanii
umbrinum Breuss = Clavascidium umbrinum
waltheri (Kremp.) Körber = Involucropyrenium waltheri
zahlbruckneri (Hasse) J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium zahlbruckneri

CATILLARIA A. Massal.
chalybeia (Borrer) A. Massal.
cupressi Zahlbr.
endochroma (Fée) Zahlbr.
erysiboides (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Arthonia carneorufa (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999 [2000])
flavens (Willey) Fink
franciscana (Tuck.) Herre
glauconigrans (Tuck.) Hasse
globulosa (Flörke) Th. Fr. Syn.: Bacidia globulosa, Lecidea sylvana
heeri (Hepp) H. Olivier
jemtlandica Th. Fr. & Almq.
lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
leptocheila (Tuck.) Riddle
muscicola Lynge
nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler Syn.: Bacidia declinis
subnegans (Nyl.) Boistel
subviridis (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
terrena (Willey) Zahlbr.
tristis (Müll. Arg.) Arnold
arctica Lynge = Toninia philippea
athallina (Hepp) Hellbom = Toninia athallina
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Catinaria atropurpurea
bahusiensis (Blomb.) Th. Fr. = Tylothallia biformigera
biformigera (Leighton) H. Magn. = Tylothallia biformigera
bouteillei (Desmaz.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera bouteillei
columbiana (G. Merr.) W. Noble = Megalaria columbiana
crystallifera R. Kilias = Toninia lutosa
graniformis (K. Hagen) Vainio = Cliostomum corrugatum
griffithii (Sm.) Malme = Cliostomum griffithii
groenlandica Lynge = a Lecania sp.
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Körber = Megalaria grossa
kansuensis H. Magn. = Toninia philippea
laureri Hepp ex Th. Fr. = Megalaria laureri
micrococca (Körber) Th. Fr. = Micarea prasina
philippea (Mont.) A. Massal. = Toninia philippea (Thomson 1997)
prasina (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Micarea prasina
pulverea (Borrer) Lettau = Megalaria pulverea
sculpturata H. Magn. = Toninia sculpturata
sphaeroides (A. Massal.) Schuler = Mycobilimbia pilularis
subnitida Hellbom = Toninia subnitida
subnigrata (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell = a European species
superflua (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = ?Megalaria grossa (Printzen 1995)
tricolor auct. = Cliostomum griffithii
tristis (Müll. Arg.) Arnold [non C. tristis (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.] = Toninia subnitida

CATINARIA Vainio
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Vezda & Poelt Syn.: Catillaria atropurpurea
subcorallina (Zahlbr.) Brako Syn.: Phyllopsora subcorallina
albocincta Degel. = Megalaria albocincta
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Vainio = Megalaria grossa
laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Degel. = Megalaria laureri
leucoplaca auct. = Megalaria grossa
versicolor (Fée) Sipman = Lopezaria versicolor

CATOLECHIA Flotow
wahlenbergii (Ach.) Körber Syns.: Buellia wahlenbergii, B. pulchella

CAVERNULARIA Degel.
hultenii Degel.
lophyrea (Ach.) Degel.

CECIDONIA Triebel & Rambold
* umbonella (Nyl.) Triebel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea umbonella
xenophana (Körber) Triebel & Rambold (Hinds et al. 2002)

CELIDIUM Tul. = ARTHONIA
* varians Arnold (Weber 1990) = Arthonia varians

CELOTHELIUM A. Massal. (Harris 1995a)
aciculiferum (Nyl.) Vainio (Harris 1995a)

CEPHALOPHYSIS (Hertel) H. Kilias
leucospila (Anzi) H. Kilias & Scheid. Syn.: Lecidea ultima

CERCIDOSPORA Körber
^# decolorella (Nyl.) O. E. Erikss. & J. Z. Yue
* epicarphinea (Nyl.) Grube & Hafellner
* epipolytropa (Mudd) Arnold
* stereocaulorum (Arnold) Hafellner (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
* ulothii Körber

CETRADONIA J.-C. Wei & Ahti (Wei & Ahti 2002)
linearis (Evans) J.-C. Wei & Ahti Syn.: Gymnoderma linearis, Cladonia linearis

CETRARIA Ach.
aculeata (Schreber) Fr. Syn.: Coelocaulon aculeatum
arenaria Kärnefelt
ericetorum Opiz subsp. ericetorum
ericetorum subsp. reticulata (Räsänen) Kärnefelt
islandica (L.) Ach. subsp. islandica
islandica subsp. crispiformis (Räsänen) Kärnefelt
islandica subsp. orientalis (Asah.) Kärnefelt
kamczatica Savicz
laevigata Rass.
muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt Syn.: Coelocaulon muricatum
nigricans Nyl.
odontella (Ach.) Ach. Syns.: Cornicularia odontella, Coelocaulon odontellum
aculeata (Schreber) Fr. = Coelocaulon aculeatum
agnata (Nyl.) Kristinsson = Melanelia agnata
alaskana C. Culb. & Culb. = Cetrelia alaskana
andrejevii Oksner = Arctocetraria andrejevii
arborialis (Zahlbr. ) Howard = Tuckermannopsis subalpina
atlantica (Tuck.) Du Rietz = Platismatia tuckermanii
aurescens Tuck. = Ahtiana aurescens
californica Tuck. = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis (Räsänen) Räsänen = Vulpicida canadensis
chicitae Culb. = Cetrelia chicitae
chlorophylla (Willd.) Vainio = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
chrysantha Tuck. = Asahinea chrysantha
ciliaris Ach. = Tuckermannopsis ciliaris
ciliaris Ach. var. halei (Culb. & C. Culb.) Ahti = Tuckermannopsis americana
commixta (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Melanelia commixta
coralligera (W. A. Weber) Hale = Tuckermanella coralligera
crispa (Ach.) Nyl. = C. ericetorum subsp. ericetorum
cucullata (Bellardi) Ach. = Flavocetraria cucullata
culbersonii Hale = Melanelia culbersonii
delisei (Bory ex Schaerer) Nyl. = Cetrariella delisei
elenkinii Krog = Arctocetraria nigricascens
fahlunensis (L.) Schreber = Melanelia commixta
fastigiata (Delise ex Nyl.) Kärnefelt = Cetrariella fastigiata
fendleri (Nyl.) Tuck. = Tuckermanella fendleri
glauca (L.) Ach. = Platismatia glauca
halei Culb. & C. Culb. = Tuckermannopsis americana
hepatizon (Ach.) Vainio = Melanelia hepatizon
herrei Imshaug = Platismatia herrei
hiascens (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Cetrariella delisei
idahoensis Essl. = Esslingeriana idahoensis
inermis (Nyl.) Krog = Tuckermannopsis inermis
juniperina (L.) Ach. = North American records are Vulpicida canadensis or V. viridis
lacunosa Ach. = Platismatia lacunosa
lacunosa Ach. var. atlantica Tuck. = Platismatia tuckermanii
merrillii Du Rietz = Kaernefeltia merrillii
nigricascens (Nyl.) Elenkin = Arctocetraria nigricascens
nivalis (L.) Ach. = Flavocetraria nivalis
norvegica (Lynge) Du Rietz = Platismatia norvegica
oakesiana Tuck. = Allocetraria oakesiana
orbata (Nyl.) Fink = Tuckermannopsis orbata
pallidula Tuck. ex Riddle = Ahtiana pallidula
pinastri (Scop.) Gray = Vulpicida pinastri
platyphylla Tuck. = Tuckermannopsis platyphylla
polyschiza (Nyl.) Jatta = Melanelia hepatizon
richardsonii Hook. = Masonhalea richardsonii
scholanderi Llano = Asahinea scholanderi
scutata (Wulfen) Poetsch = Tuckermannopsis sepincola
scutata auct. = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. = Tuckermannopsis sepincola
sibirica H. Magn. = Arctocetraria nigricascens
simmonsii Krog = Arctocetraria andrejevii
stenophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Platismatia stenophylla
subalpina Imshaug = Tuckermannopsis subalpina
tilesii Ach. = Vulpicida tilesii
tuckermanii Oakes non Herre = Platismatia tuckermanii
tuckermanii Herre non Oakes = Platismatia herrei
viridis Schwein. = Vulpicida viridis
weberi Essl. = Tuckermanella weberi

CETRARIASTRUM Sipman
catawbiense (Degel.) Culb. & C. Culb. = Everniastrum catawbiense

CETRARIELLA Kärnefelt & Thell
delisei (Bory ex Schaerer) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria delisei, C. hiascens
fastigiata (Delise ex Nyl.) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria fastigiata

CETRELIA Culb. & C. Culb.
alaskana (C. Culb. & Culb.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria alaskana
cetrarioides (Duby) Culb. & C. Culb.
chicitae (Culb.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria chicitae
monachorum (Zahlbr.) Culb. & C. Culb.
olivetorum (Nyl.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syns.: Parmelia olivetorum, P. olivaria

CHAENOTHECA Th. Fr.
brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe sulphurea
brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
chlorella (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
chrysocephala (Ach.) Th. Fr.
cinerea (Pers.) Tibell
ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig.
floridana R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
furfuracea (L.) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe furfuracea
gracillima (Vainio) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe gracillima
hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr.
hygrophila Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
laevigata Nádv.
nitidula Tibell (Tibell & Koffman 2002)
olivaceorufa Vainio (Rikkinen 1998 [1999])
phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr.
servitii Nádv. (Selva & Tibell 1999)
sphaerocephala Nádv. (Selva & Tibell 1999)
stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
subroscida (Eitner) Zahlbr.
trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
xyloxena Nádv.
carthusiae (Harm.) Lettau = C. chlorella
gracilenta (Ach.) J.-E. Mattsson & Middelborg = Cybebe gracilenta
melanophaea (Ach.) Zwackh = C. ferruginea
savonica (Räsänen) Tibell = Chaenothecopsis savonica
schaereri (De Not.) Zahlbr. = C. cinerea
sulphurea (Retz.) Middleborg & J.-E. Mattsson = C. brachypoda
trichialis var. cinerea (Pers.) Blomb. & Forss. = C. cinerea

CHAENOTHECOPSIS Vainio
⁺ asperopoda Titov (Selva & Tibell 1999)
* brevipes Tibell
* consociata (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt
⁺ debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell
⁺ edbergii Selva & Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
* epithallina Tibell
⁺ exilis Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
⁺ haematopus Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
⁺ irregularis Titov (Selva & Tibell 1999)
⁺ nana Tibell
⁺ norstictica R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
* ochroleuca (Körber) Tibell & K. Ryman (Selva & Tibell 1999)
* pilosa Tibell & Kalb (Harris 1995a)
^# pusilla (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt Syns.: Calicium pusillum, C. floerkei, C. subpusillum, C. asikkalense
^# pusiola (Ach.) Vainio Syns.: Calicium pusiolum, Mycocalicium pusiolum
⁺ rappii (Nádv.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
⁺ rubescens Vainio
*rubina Tibell (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
⁺ savonica (Räsänen) Tibell Syns.: Mycocalicium savonicum, Chaenotheca savonica
⁺ sitchensis Rikkinen (Rikkinen 1999)
* subparoica (Nyl.) Tibell (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
⁺ tasmanica Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
⁺ thujae Rikkinen (Selva & Tibell 1999)
⁺ tsugae Rikkinen (Rikkinen 1999)
⁺ ussuriensis Titov (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
* viridialba (Kremp.) A. F. W. Schmidt
^# viridireagens (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt
^# lignicola (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt = C. pusiola
^# subpusilla (Vainio) Tibell = C. pusilla

CHEIROMYCINA B. Sutton
flabelliformis B. Sutton (Tønsberg 2002)

CHIODECTON Ach.
malmei Thor
ochroleucum Zahlbr.
subochroleucum Fink
inscriptum (Nyl.) Fink = Sclerophyton inscriptum
montagnaei Tuck. = Cryptothecia striata
perplexum Nyl. = Syncesia graphica (Tehler 1996)
rubrocinctum (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Nyl. = Cryptothecia rubrocincta
sanguineum (Sw.) Vainio = Cryptothecia rubrocincta
sphaerale Ach. Misidentifications for North America (Harris 1995a)

CHIONOSPHAERA Cox
* apobasidialis Cox (According to Diederich [1996, and pers. comm.], only non-lichenicolous specimens are known for North America, and the lichenicolous specimens from Europe may represent a distinct species.)

CHRISMOFULVEA Marbach
dialyta (Nyl.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia dialyta (Marbach 2000)
pinastri (Erichsen) Marbach Syn.: Buellia pinastri (Marbach 2000)
rubifaciens (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia rubifaciens (Marbach 2000)

CHROMATOCHLAMYS Trevisan
muscorum (Fr.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt var. muscorum Syn.: Microglaena muscorum
muscorum var. octospora (Nyl.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt Syn.: Pyrenidium octosporum

CHRYSOPSORA M. Choisy
testacea (Hoffm.) M. Choisy = Protoblastenia testacea , but not in North American flora.

CHRYSOTHRIX Mont.
candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon Syns.: Lepraria candelaris, L. flava, L. citrina sens. lat.
chlorina (Ach.) J. R. Laundon Syn.: Lepraria chlorina
chrysophthalma (P. James) P. James & J. R. Laundon (Tønsberg 2002)

CIPOSIA Marbach
wheeleri (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia wheeleri (Marbach 2000)

CLADIDIUM Hafellner
bolanderi (Tuck.) B. D. Ryan Syns: Lecanora thamnitis, L. bolanderi
thamnitis (Tuck.) Hafellner = C. bolanderi

CLADINA Nyl. = CLADONIA
aberrans (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia stellaris var. aberrans
alpestris (L.) Nyl. = Cladonia stellaris
arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia arbuscula
arbuscula subsp. beringiana (Ahti) N. S. Golubk. = Cladonia arbuscula subsp. beringiana
beringiana (Ahti) Trass = Cladonia arbuscula subsp. beringiana
ciliata (Stirton) Trass var. ciliata = Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata
ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Ahti & M. J. Lai = Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis
conspicua Ahti = Cladonia conspicua
evansii (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia evansii
impexa B. de Lesd. = Cladonia portentosa
leucophaea (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata
mitis (Sandst.) Hustich = Cladonia mitis
pacifica (Ahti) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa (Dufour) Follmann = Cladonia portentosa
portentosa subsp. pacifica (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans
pseudoëvansii (Asah.) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia pseudoevansii
rangiferina (L.) Nyl. = Cladonia rangiferina
sandstedei (Abbayes) Ahti = Cladonia sandstedei
stellaris (Opiz) Brodo = Cladonia alpestris
stellaris var. aberrans (Abbayes) Ahti = Cladonia stellaris var. aberrans
stygia (Fr.) Ahti = Cladonia stygia
submitis (A. Evans) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia submitis
subtenuis (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia subtenuis
subtenuis f. cinerea (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia subtenuis f. cinerea
tenuis (Flörke) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis
terrae-novae (Ahti) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia terrae-novae

CLADONIA P. Browne
abbreviatula G. Merr.
acuminata (Ach.) Norrlin
alaskana A. Evans
albonigra Brodo & Ahti (Brodo & Ahti 1996)
amaurocraea (Flörke) Schaerer
andereggii S. Hammer
anitae Culb. & C. Culb.
apodocarpa Robbins
arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow Syn.: Cladina arbuscula
arbuscula subsp. beringiana Ahti Syn.: Cladina arbuscula subsp. beringiana
artuata S. Hammer
asahinae J. W. Thomson
atlantica A. Evans
bacilliformis (Nyl.) Glück
beaumontii (Tuck.) Vainio
bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaerer
borealis S. Stenroos
boryi Tuck.
botryocarpa G. Merr.
botrytes (K. Hagen) Willd.
brevis (Sandst.) Sandst.
buckii R. C. Harris
caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke
cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel
carneola (Fr.) Fr.
caroliniana Tuck.
cenotea (Ach.) Schaerer
cervicornis (Ach.) Flotow subsp. cervicornis
cervicornis subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti
chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel
ciliata Stirton Syn.: Cladina ciliata
ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Ahti Syn.: Cladina ciliata var. tenuis
coccifera (L.) Willd.
coniocraea (Flörke) Sprengel
conspicua (Ahti) Ahti Syn.: Cladina conspicua
cornuta (L.) Hoffm. subsp. cornuta
cornuta subsp. groenlandica (E. Dahl) Ahti
crispata (Ach.) Flotow var. crispata
crispata var. cetrariiformis (Delise) Vainio
cristatella Tuck.
cryptochlorophaea Asah.
cyanipes (Sommerf.) Nyl.
cylindrica (A. Evans) A. Evans
dactylota Tuck.
dahliana Kristinsson
decorticata (Flörke) Sprengel
deformis (L.) Hoffm.
didyma (Fée) Vainio
didyma var. vulcanica (Zoll. & Moritzi) Vainio
digitata (L.) Hoffm.
dimorpha S. Hammer
dimorphoclada Robbins
ecmocyna Leighton subsp. ecmocyna
ecmocyna subsp. intermedia (Robbins) Ahti
ecmocyna subsp. occidentalis Ahti (Brodo & Ahti 1996)
evansii Abbayes Syn.: Cladina evansii
extracorticata S. Hammer
farinacea (Vainio) A. Evans
fimbriata (L.) Fr.
firma (Nyl.) Nyl.
floerkeana (Fr.) Flörke
floridana Vainio
furcata (Hudson) Schrader
furcata subsp. subrangiformis (Scriba ex Sandst.) Pisút
glauca Flörke
graciliformis Zahlbr.
gracilis (L.) Willd. subsp. gracilis
gracilis subsp. elongata (Jacq.) Vainio
gracilis subsp. turbinata (Ach.) Ahti
gracilis subsp. vulnerata Ahti
granulans Vainio
grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst.
hammeri Ahti (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
homosekikaica Nuno
humilis (With.) J. R. Laundon
hypoxantha Tuck.
imbricarica Kristinsson
incrassata Flörke
jaliscana Ahti & Guzm.-Dáv. (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
kanewskii Oksner
labradorica Ahti & Brodo
lacryma S. Hammer (Hammer 2001)
leporina Fr.
luteoalba Wheldon & A. Wilson
macilenta Hoffm.
macilenta var. bacillaris (Genth) Schaerer
macroceras (Delise) Hav.
macrophylla (Schaerer) Stenh.
macrophyllodes Nyl.
magyarica Vainio
mateocyatha Robbins
maxima (Asah.) Ahti
merochlorophaea Asah.
merochlorophaea var. novochlorophaea Sipman
metacorallifera Asah.
mitis Sandst. Syn.: Cladina mitis
multiformis G. Merr.
nana Vainio
nashii Ahti (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
nipponica Asah.
norvegica Tønsberg & Holien
novochlorophaea (Sipman) Brodo & Ahti (Brodo & Ahti 1996)
ochrochlora Flörke
pachycladodes Vainio
parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm.
perforata A. Evans
perlomera Kristinsson
petrophila R. C. Harris
peziziformis (With.) J. R. Laundon
phyllophora Hoffm.
piedmontensis G. Merr.
pleurota (Flörke) Schaerer
pocillum (Ach.) Grognot
polycarpoides Nyl.
poroscypha S. Hammer
portentosa (Dufour) Coem. Syn.: Cladina portentosa
portentosa subsp. pacifica (Ahti) Ahti Syn.: Cladina portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans Ahti Syn.: Cladina portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans
prolifica Ahti & S. Hammer
prostrata A. Evans
pseudoëvansii Asahina Syn.: Cladina pseudoëvansii
psoromica J. P. Dey
pulvinella S. Hammer
pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.
ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon
rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. Syn.: Cladina rangiferina
rappii A. Evans
ravenelii Tuck.
rei Schaerer
robbinsii A. Evans
sandstedei Abbayes Syn.: Cladina sandstedei
santensis Tuck.
scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl.
schofieldii Ahti & Brodo (Brodo & Ahti 1996)
simulata Robbins
singularis S. Hammer
sobolescens Nyl. ex Vainio
squamosa Hoffm.
squamosa var. subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leighton) Vainio
stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vzda Syn.: Cladina stellaris
stellaris var. aberrans (Abbayes) ined.? Syn.: Cladina stellaris var. aberrans, Cladina aberrans
strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot
stricta (Nyl.) Nyl.
stygia (Fr.) Ruoss Syn.: Cladina stygia
subcariosa Nyl. (Ahti 2000)
subfimbriata Ahti (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
subfurcata (Nyl.) Arnold
submitis A. Evans Syn.: Cladina submitis
subradiata (Vainio) Sandst.
subsetacea Robbins ex A. Evans
subsquamosa Kremp.
subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick Syn.: Cladina subtenuis
subtenuis f. cinerea Ahti Syn.: Cladina subtenuis f. cinerea
subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg.
sulphurina (Michaux) Fr.
symphycarpia (Flörke) Fr. (Ahti 2000)
terrae-novae Ahti Syn.: Cladina terrae-novae
thiersii S. Hammer
thomsonii Ahti
transcendens (Vainio) Vainio
trassii Ahti (Ahti 1998)
turgida Hoffm.
uliginosa (Ahti) Ahti (Ahti 1998)
umbricola Tønsberg & Ahti
uncialis (L.) F. H. Wigg.
verruculosa (Vainio) Ahti
wainioi Savicz
acuminata var. norrlinii (Vainio) Lynge = C. acuminata var. acuminata
alpestris (L.) Rabenh. = C. stellaris
alpestris f. aberrans Abbayes = C. stellaris var. aberrans
alpicola (Flotow) Vainio = C. macrophylla
anomaea (Ach.) Ahti & P. James = C. ramulosa
arbuscula subsp. mitis = C. mitis
bacillaris Nyl. = C. macilenta var. bacillaris
balfourii auct. = C. subradiata
balfourii Crombie = C. macilenta
blakei Robbins = C. coccifera
calycantha Delise ex Nyl. = C. rappii for North American records.
capitata (Michaux) Sprengel = C. peziziformis
carassensis Vainio = misidentifications for North America
clavulifera Vainio = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
conista A. Evans = C. humilis
conistea auct. = C. humilis
conoidea Ahti = C. humilis
cornutoradiata (Navás) Sandst. = C. subulata
degenerans (Flörke) Sprengel = C. phyllophora
delessertii Vainio = C. subfurcata
delicata auct. = C. parasitica
elongata auct. non (Jacq.) Hoffm. = largely misidentifications for North America, such as C. macroceras or C. maxima,
elongata (Jacq.) Hoffm. = C. gracilis var. elongata
flabelliformis Vainio = C. polydactyla
flavescens Vainio = misidentifications for North America
foliacea (Hudson) Willd. = misidentifications for North America
furcata subsp. subrangiformis auct. N. Am. = C. furcata (fide T. Ahti)
gonecha (Ach.) Asah. = C. sulphurina
gracilescens auct. = C. stricta
gracilis subsp. nigripes (Nyl.) Ahti = C. gracilis subsp. elongata
herrei Fink ex J. Hedrick = C. furcata
hookeri Tuck. = C. bellidiflora
hookeri sensu J. W. Thomson = C. graciliformis
humilis var. bourgeanica A.W. Archer = C. humilis
invisa Robbins = C. ochrochlora
japonica Vainio = C. crispata
lepidota auct. = C. stricta
leptothallina G. Merr. = C. peziziformis
linearis A. Evans = Cetradonia linearis
macroptera Räsänen = C. scabriuscula (fide T. Ahti)
major (K. Hagen) Sandst. = C. fimbriata
mitrula Tuck. = C. peziziformis
nanodes Robbins ex Sandst. = nom. invalid., identity uncertain
nemoxyna (Ach.) Arnold = C. rei
norrlinii Vainio = C. acuminata var. acuminata
papillaria (Ehrh.) Hoffm. = Pycnothelia papillaria
pityrea (Flörke) Fr. = C. ramulosa
polycarpia G. Merr. = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
polycarpoides Nyl. = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
polydactyla (Flörke) Sprengel = misidentifications for North America, mostly refers to C. umbricola (fide T. Ahti)
pseudodigitata Gyelnik = C. coccifera
pseudohondoensis Asah. = misidentifications for North America
pseudomacilenta Asah. = misidentifications for North America
pseudorangiformis Asah. = C. wainioi
pseudostellata Asah. = C. uncialis
psoromica J. P. Dey = C. dimorphoclada Robbins (Ahti 2000)
rangiformis Hoffm. = not in North America
rappii var. exilior (Abbayes) Ahti = C. rappii var. rappii
sobolescens Nyl. ex Vainio = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
stricta var. uliginosa Ahti = C. uliginosa
subcervicornis (Vainio) Kernst. = misidentifications for North America, known in Greenland
subclavulifera Asahina = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
subrangiformis auct. N. Am. = C. furcata
subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leighton) Crombie nom. illeg. = C. squamosa var. subsquamosa
subsubulata Nyl. = misidentifications for North America
sylvatica auct. (nom. rej. prop.) = C arbuscula
theiophila Asah. = C. vulcani, but not present in North America
verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaerer = C. cervicornis subsp. verticillata
vulcani Savicz = misidentifications for North America
vulcanica Zoll. & Moritzi = C. didyma var. vulcanica
yunnana (Vainio) Abbayes ex J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang (nom. inval.) = misidentifications for North America

CLATHROPORINA Müll. Arg.
isidiifera R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
subpungens (Malme) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
tetracerae (Ach.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
amygdalina sensu Fink = Julella sublactea (Harris 1995a).
confinis Müll. Arg. = Porina nuculastrum (Harris 1995a)
diphloea Zahlbr. = Laurera megasperma
exiguella Zahlbr. = Julella sublactea (Harris 1995a)
nuculastrum Müll. Arg. = Porina nuculastrum (Harris 1995a)

CLAUZADEA Hafellner & Bellem.
immersa (Hoffm.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syn.: Lecidea calcivora
monticola (Ach. ex Schaerer) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.: Lecidea monticola, Protoblastenia monticola

CLAUZADEANA Roux
macula (Taylor) Coppins & Rambold (Hertel 1991) Syn.: Lecanora morioides

CLAVASCIDIUM Breuss (Breuss 1996)
umbrinum (Breuss) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium umbrinum

CLIOSTOMUM Fr.
corrugatum (Ach.: Fr.) Fr. Syn.: Catillaria graniformis
flavidulum Hafellner & K. Kalb (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
griffithii (Sm.) Coppins Syns.: Catillaria griffithii, C. tricolor auct.
leprosum (Räsänen) Holien & Tønsberg
pallens (Kullhem) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia pallens (Ekman 1997)
vitellinum Gowan
graniforme (K. Hagen) Coppins = C. corrugatum
luteolum Gowan (Gowan 1990) = C. leprosum

CLYPEOCOCCUM D. Hawksw.
* grossum (Körber) D. Hawksw.
* hypocenomycis D. Hawksw.

COCCOCARPIA Pers.
domingensis Vainio
erythroxyli (Sprengel) Swinscow & Krog
palmicola (Sprengel) Arv. & D. J. Galloway
stellata Tuck. Syn.: Parmeliella stellata
asterella (Nyl.) Vainio = C. stellata
cronia (Tuck.) Vainio = C. palmicola
incisa Pers. = C. erythroxyli
parmelioides (Hook.) Tuck. ex M. A. Curtis = C. erythroxyli
pellita (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North America, but known from Cuba & Mexico

COCCOTREMA Müll. Arg.
maritimum Brodo
pocillarium (Cummings) Brodo Syns.: Ochrolechia pacifica, Perforaria minuta

COELOCAULON Link
aculeatum (Schreber) Link = Cetraria aculeata
divergens (Ach.) R. Howe = Bryocaulon divergens
muricatum (Ach.) J. R. Laundon = Cetraria muricata
odontellum (Ach.) R. Howe = Cetraria odontella

COENOGONIUM Ehrenb.
disjunctum Nyl.
implexum Nyl.
interplexum Nyl.
interpositum Nyl.
linkii Ehrenb.
luteum (Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking Syn.: Dimerella luteum (Lücking & Kalb 2000)
missouriense J. Davis
moniliforme Tuck.
pineti (Ach.) ined. Syn. Dimerella pineti, D. diluta

COLLEMA F. H. Wigg.
auriforme (With.) Coppins & J. R. Laundon
bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. Syn.: Collemodes bachmanianum
callibotrys Tuck.
callopismum A. Massal.
callopismum var. rhyparodes (Nyl.) Degel.
ceraniscum Nyl.
coccophorum Tuck.
conglomeratum Hoffm.
conglomeratum var. corynesporum (Malme) Degel.
conglomeratum var. crassiusculum (Malme) Degel. Syn.: Synechoblastus pycnocarpus
crispum (Hudson) F. H. Wigg.
cristatum (L.) F. H. Wigg.
cristatum var. marginale (Hudson) Degel.
curtisporum Degel.
dichotomum (With.) Coppins & J. R. Laundon
fasciculare (L.) F. H. Wigg. Syn.: Synechoblastus aggregatus
fecundum Degel.
flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Synechoblastus rupestris
fragrans (Sm.) Ach.
furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz
furfuraceum var. luzonense (Räsänen) Degel.
fuscovirens (With.) J. R. Laundon
glebulentum (Nyl. ex Crombie) Degel.
kauaiense H. Magn.
leptaleum Tuck.
limosum (Ach.) Ach.
multipartitum Sm.
nigrescens (Hudson) DC.
occultatum Bagl.
polycarpon Hoffm. Syns.: Synechoblastus polycarpus, S. wyomingensis
pulcellum Ach.
pulcellum var. leucopeplum (Tuck.) Degel.
pulcellum var. subnigrescens (Müll. Arg.) Degel.
pustulatum Ach.
ryssoleum (Tuck.) A. Schneider
subflaccidum Degel.
subnigrescens Degel.
subparvum Degel.
tenax (Sw.) Ach.
tenax var. ceranoides (Borrer) Degel.
tenax var. corallinum (A. Massal.) Degel.
tenax var. crustaceum (Kremp.) Degel.
tenax var. substellatum (H. Magn.) Degel.
texanum Tuck. Syn.: Synechoblastus texanus
thamnodes Riddle
undulatum Laurer ex Flotow
undulatum var. granulosum Degel.
arcticum Lynge = C. ceraniscum
auriculatum Hoffm. = C. auriforme
cheileum (Ach.) Ach. = C. crispum
cristatellum Tuck. = C. tenax
cyrtaspis Tuck. = C. conglomeratum var. crassiusculum
dubium B. de Lesd. = C. coccophorum
fayettense Fink = C. pustulatum
fluviatile (Hudson) Steudel = C. dichotomum
furvum (Ach.) Ach. = C. fuscovirens
glaucescens Hoffm. = C. limosum
granosum auct. = C. auriforme
laciniatum Nyl. = C. texanum
leucocarpum Hook. & Taylor = misidentifications for North America
leucopeplum (Tuck.) A. Schneider = C. pulcellum var. leucopeplum
microphyllum Ach. = C. fragrans
microptychium Tuck. = C. leptaleum
novomexicanum B. de Lesd. = C. coccophorum
nylanderianum Zahlbr. = C. texanum
ohioense (Fink) Zahlbr. = Collema conglomeratum Hoffm.
plicatile (Ach.) Ach. = Leptogium plicatile
pulposum (Bernh.) Ach. = C. tenax
pycnocarpum Nyl. = C. conglomeratum var. crassiusculum
rugosum Kremp. Syn.: C. subfurvum Not known from North America.
stenophyllum Nyl. = C. dichotomum
subfurfuraceum Degel. = C. furfuraceum var. luzonense
subfurvum sensu Degelius = C. subflaccidum Degel.
subfurvum (Müll. Arg.) Degel. = C. rugosum, but this taxon is not known from North America
tuniforme (Ach.) Ach. = C. fuscovirens
verruciforme auct. = excluded as doubtful

COLLEMODES Fink = COLLEMA
bachmanianum Fink = Collema bachmanianum

COLLEMOPSIDIUM Nyl.
angermannicum (Degel.) A. Nordin Syn.: Pyrenocollema strontianense (Nordin 2002)
elegans (R. Sant.) Grube & B. D. Ryan (Grube & Ryan 2002) Syn.: Pyrenocollema elegans
halodytes (Nyl.) Grube & B. D. Ryan (Grube & Ryan 2002) Syn.: Pyrenocollema halodytes
sublitoralis (Leighton) Grube & B. D. Ryan (Grube & Ryan 2002) Syn.: Pyrenocollema sublitorale

COMBEA De Not.
californica (Th. Fr.) Follmann & M. Geyer = Schizopelte californica

CONIAMBIGUA Etayo & Diederich
* phaeographidis Etay & Diederich (Diederich 2003)

CONIARTHONIA Grube
gregarina (Willey) Grube (Grube 2001) Syns: Arthonia gregarina, Arthothelium gregarinum
pyrrhula (Nyl.) Grube (Grube 2001) Syn.: Arthonia pyrrhula

CONIOCYBE Ach.
gracilescens Willey
furfuracea (L.) Ach. = Chaenotheca furfuracea
gracillima Vainio = Chaenotheca gracillima
nivea (Hoffm.) Arnold non Tuck. & Mont. = Sclerophora nivea
pallida (Pers.) Fr. = Sclerophora nivea
sulphurea (Retz.) Nyl. = Chaenotheca brachypoda

CONIOCYBOPSIS Vainio
arenaria (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Vainio = Microcalicium arenarium

CONOTREMA Tuck.
urceolatum (Ach.) Tuck.
albonigrum Zahlbr. = Ocellularia stictidea

CORA Fr. = DICTYONEMA
pavonia (Sw.) Fr. = Dictyonema glabratum

CORISCIUM Vainio = OMPHALINA
viride (Ach.) Vainio = Omphalina hudsoniana

CORNICULARIA (Schreber) Hoffm.
normoerica (Gunn.) Du Rietz
aculeata (Schreber) Ach. = Cetraria aculeata
californica (Tuck.) Du Rietz = Kaernefeltia californica
divergens Ach. = Bryocaulon divergens
fibrillosa (Ach.) Halsey = Bryoria furcellata
muricata (Ach.) Ach. = Cetraria muricata
odontella (Ach.) Westend. = Cetraria odontella
pseudosatoana Asah. = Bryocaulon pseudosatoanum

CORNUTISPORA Piroz.
* ciliata Kalb (Cole & Hawksw. 2001)
* intermedia Punith & D. Hawksw.
* lichenicola D. Hawksw. & B. Sutton (Kalb et al. 1995)

CORTICIFRAGA D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
* fuckelii (Rehm) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. Syn.: Phragmonaevia fuckelii
* peltigerae (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)

CRESPONEA Egea & Torrente
chloroconia (Tuck.) Egea & Torrente Syn.: Lecanactis chloroconia
flava (Vainio) Egea & Torrente (Harris 1995a)
leprieurii (Mont.) Egea & Torrente
premnea (Ach.) Egea & Torrente Syn.: Lecanactis premnea
premnea var. saxicola (Leighton) Egea & Torrente
proximata (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente

CROCYNIA (Ach.) A. Massal.
gossypina (Sw.) A. Massal.
pyxinoides Nyl.
aliciae Hue = Lepraria lobificans
americana B. de Lesd. = Lepraria lobificans
moxleyi Plitt = non-lichenized Septobasidium sp.
neglecta (Nyl.) Hue = Lepraria neglecta

CRYPTOLECHIA A. Massal.
carneolutea (Turner) A. Massal. Syns.: Gyalectina carneolutea, Gyalecta carneolutea

CRYPTOTHECIA Stirton
rubrocincta (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Thor Syns: Chiodecton rubrocinctum, C. sanguineum, Herpothallon sanguineum
striata Thor Syn.: Chiodecton montagnei

CRYPTOTHELE Th. Fr.
granuliformis (Nyl.) Henssen Syn.: Pyrenopsidium granuliforme
permiscens (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Pyrenopsis phylliscina

CULBERSONIA Essl. (Esslinger 2000 [2001])
nubila (Moberg) Essl. (Esslinger 2002b)
americana Essl.= C. nubila

CYBEBE Tibell
gracilenta (Ach.) Tibell Syn.: Chaenotheca gracilenta

CYPHELIOPSIS Vainio = THELOMMA
bolanderi (Tuck.) Vainio = Thelomma mammosum

CYPHELIUM Ach.
brachysporum Nádv.
brunneum W. A. Weber
chloroconium (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
inquinans (Sm.) Trevisan
karelicum (Vainio) Räsänen
lucidum (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
notarisii (Tul.) Blomb. & Forss.
pinicola Tibell
* sessile (Pers.) Trevisan
tigillare (Ach.) Ach.
trachylioides (Nyl. ex Branth & Rostrup) Erichsen
andersonii Herre = Thelomma californicum
caliciforme (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Thelomma occidentale for most North American records
californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelomma californicum
carolinianum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelomma carolinianum
farlowii (Tuck. ex Herre) Herre = Thelomma californicum
occidentale Herre = Thelomma occidentale
ocellatum (Körber) Trevisan = Thelomma ocellatum
sancti-jacobi (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Texosporium sancti-jacobi
tigillare subsp. notarisii (Tul.) W. A. Weber = C. notarisii
ventricosulum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = C. inquinans

CYSTOBASIDIUM (Lagerh.) Neuhoff (Diederich 1996)
* hypogymniicola Diederich & Ahti (Diederich 1996)
* usneicola Diederich & Alstrup (Diederich 1996)

CYSTOCOLEUS Thwaites
ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites

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DACAMPIA A. Massal.
* engeleana (Sauter) A. Massal. (Henssen 1995 and pers. comm.)
hookeri (Borrer) A. Massal.
* rufescentis (Vouaux) D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko & Daniëls 2003)

DACTYLINA Nyl.
arctica (Richardson) Nyl.
beringica C. D. Bird & J. W. Thomson (Treated as subsp. of D. arctica by Kärnefelt & Thell 1996)
ramulosa (Hook.) Tuck.
madreporiformis (Ach.) Tuck = Allocetraria madreporiformis

DACTYLOSPORA Körber
* amygdalariae Triebel
* athallina (Müll. Arg.) Hafellner Syn.: Karschia athallina
* attendenda (Nyl.) Arnold
* deminuta (Th. Fr.) Triebel
* glaucomarioides (Willey ex Tuck.) Hafellner Syn.: Buellia glaucomarioidea
* inquilina (Tuck.) Hafellner Syn.: Buellia inquilina, Buelliella inquilina
* lobariella (Nyl.) Hafellner Syn.: Buelliella nuttallii
* parasitica (Flörke ex Sprengel) Zopf Syn.: Leciographa inspersa
* parellaria (Nyl.) Arnold
* pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Hafellner Syn.: Buellia pertusariicola, Leciographa pertusariicola
* porphyrea Hafellner & Kalb (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
* purpurascens Triebel
* ranula Giralt & D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)
* saxatilis (Schaerer) Hafellner var. saxatilis Syn.: Buelliella saxatilis
* urceolata (Th. Fr.) Arnold Syn.: Leciographa urceolata

DEGELIA Arv. & D. J. Galloway
plumbea (Lightf.) P. M. Jørg. & P. James Syn.: Parmeliella plumbea

DENDRISCOCAULON Nyl.
intricatulum (Nyl.) Henssen Syns.: Leptogidium intricatulum, Polychidium intricatulum
umhausense (Auersw.) Degel. Syn.: Polychidium umhausense

DENDRODOCHIUM Bonord
* subeffusum Ellis & Everh.

DENDROGRAPHA Darbish.
alectoroides Sundin & Tehler (Sundin & Tehler 1996)
leucophaea (Tuck.) Darbish. Syn.: Roccella leucophaea
minor Darbish. = D. leucophaea (Tuck.) Darbish. (Sundin & Tehler 1996)

DERMATINA (Almq.) Zahlbr. = PEZICULA
"pyrenocarpa" (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Mycoporum compositum

DERMATISCUM Nyl.
catawbense (Willey) Nyl. = Dermiscellum oulocheila

DERMATOCARPON Eschw.
arnoldianum Degel.
atrogranulosum Breuss (Breuss 2003)
intestiniforme (Körber) Hasse
linkolae Räsänen (Goward et al. 1996)
lorenzianum Anders
luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon
miniatum (L.) W. Mann
moulinsii (Mont.) Zahlbr.
reticulatum H. Magn.
rivulorum (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
[Entosthelia saxicola B. de Lesd.]
vellereum Zschacke
acarosporoides Zahlbr. = Placidium acarosporoides
aquaticum (Weiss) Zahlbr. = D. luridum
arboreum (Schwein.) Fink = Placidium tuckermanii
cinereum (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Catapyrenium cinereum
compactum (A. Massal.) Lettau = Catapyrenium compactum
daedaleum (Kremp.) Th. Fr. = Catapyrenium daedaleum
fluviatile (Weber) Th. Fr. = D. luridum
granulosum (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Catapyrenium granulosum
hepaticum auct. = Placidium squamulosum
hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Catapyrenium cinereum
heppioides Zahlbr. = Placopyrenium heppioides
lachneum (Ach.) A. L. Sm. = Placidium lachneum
lecideoides (A. Massal.) Hasse = Verrucaria lecideoides
lyngei Servít Reported from Greenland and Iceland but not U. S. or Canada
michelii (A. Massal.) Zwackh = Placidium michelii
novomexicanum ( B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Placidium acarosporoides
peltatum (Taylor) Zahlbr. = a sterile psoroid lichen; a misidentifcation for North America
plumbeum (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Verrucaria inficiens
polyphyllum (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = D. intestiniforme
rufescens (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Placidium rufescens
rupicola (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Catapyrenium compactum
squamellum (Nyl.) Herre = Catapyrenium squamellum
tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) Zahlbr. = Placidium tuckermanii
vagans Imshaug = D. reticulatum H. Magn.
waltheri (Kremp.) Blomb. & Forss. = Involucropyrenidium waltheri
weberi (Ach.) W. Mann = D. luridum
zahlbruckneri Hasse = Placopyrenium zahlbruckneri

DERMISCELLUM Hafellner, H. Mayrh. & Poelt
oulocheila (Tuck.) Lendemer Syns.: Dermatiscum catawbense, Opegrapha oulocheila (Lendemer 2003)
catawbense (Willey) Hafellner & Poelt = D. oulocheila

DESMAZIERIA Mont.
evernioides (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck = Ramalina lacera
cephalota (Tuck.) Follmann & Huneck = Vermilacinia cephalota
ceruchis (Ach.) Trevisan = Vermilacinia ceruchis , but absent from North America (Spjut 1996)
combeoides (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck = Vermilacinia combeoides
homalea (Ach.) Mont. = Niebla homalea
peruviana (Ach.) Follmann & Huneck = Ramalina peruviana
testudinaria (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck = Niebla homalea

DIBAEIS Clem.
absoluta (Tuck.) Kalb & Gierl Syn.: Baeomyces absolutus
baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold & Hertel Syn.: Baeomyces roseus
fungoides (Sw.) Kalb & Gierl = A tropical species, not in North America
rosea (Pers.) Clem. = D. baeomyces

DICTYONEMA C. Agardh
glabratum (Sprengel) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Cora pavonia
moorei (Nyl.) Henssen
sericeum (Sw.) Berk.
guadalupense (Rabenh.) Zahlbr. = D. sericeum
irpicinum Mont. = misidentifications for North America
pavonium (Sw.) Parmasto = D. glabratum

DIDYMOSPHAERIA Fuckel
* epicrassa (H. Olivier) Vouaux = Polycoccum epicrassum, but see note there

DIGITOTHYREA Moreno & Egea
polyglossa (Nyl.) Moreno & Egea (Schultz 2002b)

DIMELAENA Norman
californica (H. Magn.) Sheard
oreina (Ach.) Norman Syns.: Rinodina oreina, R. hueana, R. novomexicana, R. suboreina
radiata (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. (Matzer et al. 1996) Syns.: Buellia radiata, Rinodina radiata
thysanota (Tuck.) Hale & Culb. Syn.: Rinodina thysanota
weberi Sheard
angelica (Stizenb.) Hale & Culb. = Mobergia angelica
chrysomelaena (B. de Lesd.) Hale & Culb. = Rinodina chrysomelaena
novomexicana (B. de Lesd.) Hale & Culb. = D. oreina
suboreina (B. de Lesd.) Hale & Culb. = D. oreina

DIMERELLA Trevisan = COENOGONIUM
diluta (Pers.) Trevisan = Coenogonium pineti
lutea (Dickson) Trevisan = Coenogonium luteum
pineti (Ach.) Vezda = Coenogonium pineti

DINEMOSPORIUM Lév.
* strigosum (Fr.) Sacc. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)

DIPLOICIA A. Massal.
canescens (Dickson) A. Massal. Syn.: Buellia canescens

DIPLOSCHISTES Norman
actinostomus (Ach.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Urceolaria actinostoma
aeneus (Müll. Arg.) Lumbsch
arabiensis Lumbsch
badius Lumbsch & Elix
bisporus (Bagl.) J. Steiner
caesioplumbeus (Nyl.) Vainio (Lumbsch 2002a)
candidissimus (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch Syn.: Urceolaria albissima
gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr.
hypoleucus Zahlbr.
muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. subsp. muscorum
scruposus (Schreber) Norman Syn.: Urceolaria scruposa
albissimus (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = D. diacapsis
bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = D. muscorum subsp. muscorum
canadensis Räsänen = D. muscorum subsp. muscorum
straminescens Zahlbr. = D. hypoleucus

DIPLOTOMMA Flotow
alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flotow Syns.: Buellia alboatra, Rhizocarpon alboatrum
ambiguum (Ach.) Flagey Syn.: Buellia ambigua
chlorophaeum (Hepp ex Leighton) Szatala Syns.: Rhizocarpon chlorophaeum, Buellia chlorophaea
epipolium (Ach.) Arnold Syns.: Buellia epipolia, Rhizocarpon cumulatum
nivalis (Bagl. & Carestia) Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 1995) Syn.: Buellia nivalis
penichrum (Tuck.) Szatala Syns.: Buellia penichra, Rhizocarpon penichrum
pulverulentum (Anzi) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Buellia pulverulenta (Molina et al. 2002)
venustum (Körber) Körber Syn.: Buellia venusta

DIRINA Fr.
catalinariae Hasse
paradoxa (Fée) Tehler
approximata Zahlbr. subsp. hioramii (B. de Lesd.) Tehler = D. paradoxa
californica Tuck. = Sigridea californica
franciscana Zahlbr. ex Herre = Roccellina franciscana
hassei Zahlbr. = Sigridea californica
rediunta Hasse = Schismatomma rediunta

DIRINARIA (Tuck.) Clem.
aegialita (Afz.) B. Moore Syn.: Physcia aspera
applanata (Fée) D. D. Awasthi
confluens (Fr.) D. D. Awasthi
confusa D. D. Awasthi
confusa var. saxicola (Räsänen) D. D. Awasthi
frostii (Tuck.) Hale & Culb. Syns.: Physcia frostii, Pyxine frostii
leopoldii (Stein) D. D. Awasthi
papillulifera (Nyl.) D. D. Awasthi
picta (Sw.) Clem. & Shear Syns.: Physcia picta, Pyxine picta
purpurascens (Vainio) B. Moore
aspera (H. Magn.) D. D. Awasthi = D. aegialita
 

DISCOTHECIUM Zopf = ENDOCOCCUS Nyl.
* gemmiferum Vouaux = an uncertain species of Endococcus

DISTOPYRENIS Aptroot
americana Aptroot (Aptroot 1991)
pachyospora Aptroot (Harris 1995a)
quercicola R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
submuriformis R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)

DITREMIS Clem. = ANISOMERIDIUM
albiseda (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium albisedum
ambigua (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium ambiguum
anisoloba (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium anisolobum
biformis (Borrer) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium biforme
carinthiaca (Steiner) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
distans (Willey) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium distans
finkii R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium finkii
leucochlora (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium leucochlorum
macrospora R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium aureopunctatum
nyssigena (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium polypori
quaternaria R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium quaternarium
sanfordensis (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium sanfordense
subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium subprostans
tamarindii (Fée) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium tamarindii
terminata (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium terminatum
tuckerae (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium tuckerae

DUFOUREA Ach.
madreporiformis (Ach.) Ach. = Allocetraria madreporiformis

DYPLOLABIA A. Massal.
afzelii (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Graphis afzelii (Staiger 2002)

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ECHINOPLACA Fée
intercedens Vezda
pellicula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.

ECHINOTHECIUM Zopf
* aerophilum Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
* reticulatum Zopf

EDRUDIA W. P. Jordan
constipans (Nyl.) W. P. Jordan Syn.: Caloplaca constipans

EIGLERA Hafellner
flavida (Hepp) Hafellner Syns.: Lecanora flavida, Aspicilia flavida

ENDOCARPON Hedwig
adscendens (Anzi) Müll. Arg.
adsurgens Vainio
lepidallum Nyl.
loscosii Müll. Arg. (Breuss 2002a)
pallidulum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Breuss 2002a)
pallidum Ach.
petrolepideum (Nyl.) Hasse
pulvinatum Th. Fr. Syns.: Pyrenothamnia brandegei, P. spraguei
pusillum Hedwig
schisticola B. de Lesd. (Breuss 2002a)
simplicatum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Breuss 2002a)
subnitescens Nyl.
tortuosum Herre
drummondii (Tuck.) M. Choisy = Staurothele drummondii
monicae Zahlbr. = Staurothele monicae
* ochroleucum Tuck. = Heterocarpon ochroleucum
wilmsoides Zahlbr. = Staurothele drummondii

ENDOCOCCUS Nyl.
* apiciicola (J. Steiner) R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
* buelliae (Dodge) Matzer (Matzer et al. 1996)
* nanellus Ohlert (Diederich 2003)
* perpusillus Nyl.
* propinquus (Körber) D. Hawksw.
* rugulosus Nyl.
* zahlbrucknerellae (Henssen) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Ticothecium zahlbrucknerella

ENDOPYRENIUM Flotow
americanum B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium compactum
bajadanae B. de Lesd. = Placidium acarosporoides
crustaceum B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium granulosum
granulosum B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium granulosum
novomexicanum B. de Lesd. = Placidium acarosporoides
plumbeum B. de Lesd. = Verrucaria inficiens
rupicola B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium compactum

ENTEROGRAPHA Fée
lecanoroides R. C. Harris Syn.: Schismatomma pallidellum auct.
quassiicola Fée
zonata (Körber) Källsten Syn.: Opegrapha zonata
carnea (Eckf.) R. C. Harris = Mazosia ocellata

EOPYRENULA R. C. Harris
intermedia Coppins Syn.: Pyrenula leucoplaca var. pluriloculata
parvispora R. C. Harris & Aptroot
leucoplaca (Wallr.) R. C. Harris = misidentifications for North America

EPAPHROCONIDIA Calatayud & V. Atienza
^# hawksworthii Calatayud & V. Atienza (Diederich 2003)

EPHEBE Fr.
americana Henssen
hispidula (Ach.) Horwood Syn.: Ephebeia hispidula
lanata (L.) Vainio
ocellata Henssen
perspinulosa Nyl.
solida Bornet

EPHEBEIA Nyl. = EPHEBE
hispidula (Ach.) Nyl. = Ephebe hispidula

EPICLADONIA D. Hawksw.
* sandstedei (Zopf) D. Hawksw. (Scholz 1998)
* simplex D. Hawksw.

EPICOCCUM Link
* purpurascens Schltdl. (Diederich 2003)

EPIGLOEA Zukal
pleiospora Döbbeler (Buck & Harris 2002)
soleiformis Döbbeler (Buck & Harris 2002)

EPILICHEN Clem.
* scabrosus (Ach.) Clem. Syn.: Buellia scabrosa
* stellatus Triebel

ERIODERMA Fée
mollissimum (Samp.) Du Rietz
pedicellatum (Hue) P. M. Jørg.
sorediatum D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg.
boreale Ahlner = E. pedicellatum

ESSLINGERIANA Hale & M. J. Lai
idahoensis (Essl.) Hale & M. J. Lai Syn.: Cetraria idahoensis

EUOPSIS Nyl.
granatina (Sommerf.) Nyl. Syns.: Pyrenopsis granatina, Lecanora granatina, Pannaria granatina
pulvinata (Schaerer) Nyl. Syn.: Pyrenopsis pulvinata

EVERNIA Ach.
divaricata (L.) Ach.
mesomorpha Nyl.
perfragilis Llano
prunastri (L.) Ach.
esorediosa (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz Misidentifications for North America (Bird 1974)
furfuracea (L.) W. Mann = Pseudevernia consocians and P. intensa for North American records
thamnodes (Flotow) Arnold = E. mesomorpha
vulpina (L.) Ach. = Letharia vulpina

EVERNIASTRUM Hale ex Sipman
catawbiense (Degel.) Hale ex Sipman Syns.: Cetrariastrum catawbiense, Parmelia catawbiensis
sorocheilum (Vainio) Hale ex Sipman Syn.: Parmelia sorocheila. Reports may be E. catawbiense.

EVERNIICOLA D. Hawksw.
* flexispora D. Hawksw.

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FARNOLDIA Hertel
hypocrita (A. Massal.) Frøberg Syns.: Lecidea hypocrita, L. lithospersa, L. ypocrita
jurana (Schaerer) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea jurana, L. albosuffusa, Tremolecia jurana, Melanolecia jurana
micropsis (A. Massal.) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea rhaetica, Melanolecia micropsis, Tremolecia nivalis, T. micropsis

FAYODIA Kühner
* leucophylla (A. Gillet) M. T. Lange
* striatula (Kühner) Singer

FELLHANERA Vezda
aurantiaca (Vezda) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia aurantiaca
bouteillei (Desmaz.) Vezda Syn.: Catillaria bouteillei
floridana (Tuck.) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia floridana
subtilis (Vezda) Diederich & Sérusiaux (Goward et al. 1996)

FELLHANEROPSIS Sérus. & Coppins
vezdae (Coppins & P. James) Sérus. & Coppins (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])

FISSURINA Fée
columbina (Tuck.) Staiger Syns.: Graphina columbina, Graphis columbina, Phaeographina columbina (Staiger 2002)
dumastioides (Fink) Staiger Syn.: Graphina dumastioides (Staiger 2002)
incrustans Fée Syns.: Graphina incrustans, Graphis incrustans (Staiger 2002)
nitidescens (Nyl.) Nyl. Syns.: Graphina nitidescens, Graphis nitidescens (Staiger 2002)
rufula (Mont.) Staiger (Staiger 2002)
subcontexta (Nyl.) Nyl. Syn.: Graphis subparilis (Staiger 2002)
subnitidula (Nyl.) Staiger Syns.: Graphina subnitidiula, Graphis subnitidula (Staiger 2002)

FISTULARIELLA Bowler & Rundel
almquistii (Vainio) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina almquistii
geniculata (Hook. f & Taylor) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina geniculata
inflata (Hook. f & Taylor) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina inflata
minuscula (Nyl.) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina dilacerata
roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaerer) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina roesleri
scoparia (Vainio) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina scoparia

FLAVOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & Thell
cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & Thell Syns.: Cetraria cucullata, Allocetraria cucullata
nivalis (L.) Kärnefelt & Thell Syns.: Cetraria nivalis, Allocetraria nivalis

FLAVOPARMELIA Hale
baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Fóriss) Hale Syns.: Parmelia baltimorensis, Pseudoparmelia baltimorensis
caperata (L.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia caperata, Pseudoparmelia caperata, P. cylisphora, P. flavicans, P. herreana, P. negativa
[Parmelia concreta Stizenb.]
rutidota (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hale Syns.: Parmelia rutidota, Pseudoparmelia rutidota, and P. conspersa var. subconspersa andXanthoparmelia subconspersa for North American records.

FLAVOPUNCTELIA (Krog) Hale
darrowi (J. W. Thomson) Hale Syns.: Parmelia darrowi, Punctelia darrowi
flaventior (Stirton) Hale Syns.: Parmelia flaventior, P. andreana, P. kernstockii, Punctelia flaventior
praesignis (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia praesignis, P. incorrupta, P. caperata var. incorrupta, Punctelia praesignis
soredica (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia soredica, P. ulophyllodes, P. manshurica, Punctelia soredica

FORAMINELLA S. F. Meyer = PARMELIOPSIS

FORSSELLIA Zahlbr. = PTERYGIOPSIS
minnesotensis (Fink) Fink = Lichinella minnesotensis

FRUTIDELLA Kalb (Kalb 1994)
caesioatra (Schaerer) Kalb (Kalb 1994) Syn.: Lecidea caesioatra, L. arctica

FULGENSIA A. Massal. & De Not.
bracteata (Hoffm.) Räsänen subsp. bracteata Syn.: Caloplaca bracteata
bracteata subsp. bracteata var. alpina (Th. Fr.) Poelt
bracteata subsp. deformis Poelt
desertorum (Tomin) Poelt
fulgens (Sw.) Elenkin Syn.: Caloplaca fulgens

FUSCIDEA V. Wirth & Vezda
arboricola Coppins & Tønsberg
cyathoides (Ach.) V. Wirth & Vezda Syns.: Lecidea cyathoides, L. rivulosa
[Lecidea gyrodes H. Magn.]
intercincta (Nyl.) Poelt
kochiana (Hepp) V. Wirth & Vezda Syn.: Lecidea kochiana
lowensis (H. Magn.) R. Anderson & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea lowensis. Very near or probably identical with F. lowensis is Lecideaaleutica Degel.
mollis (Wahlenb.) V. Wirth & Vezda Syn.: Lecidea mollis
praeruptorum (Du Rietz & H. Magn.) V. Wirth & Vezda Syn.: Lecidea praeruptorum
pusilla Tønsberg
recensa (Stirton) Hertel, V. Wirth & Vezda Syns.: Lecidea recensa, L. arcuatula
subfilamentosa (Zahlbr.) Brako Syn.: Phyllopsora subfilamentosa
subreagens (H. Magn.) Oberholl. & V. Wirth Syn.: Lecidea kochiana var. subreagens
thomsonii Brodo & Wirth (Brodo & Wirth 1998)
lightfootii (Sm.) Coppins & P. James (Aptroot 1996), misidentifications for North America (Tønsberg 2002)
placidensis (H. Magn.) R. C. Harris = Lecanora placidensis

FUSCOPANNARIA P. M. Jørg.
ahlneri (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria ahlneri
alaskana P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen 2000b)
aurita P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
californica (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
cheiroloba (Müll. Arg.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b) Syn.: Parmeliella cheiroloba
confusa (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
coralloidea P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
crustacea P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
cyanolepra (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000a)
hookerioides P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
incisa (Müll. Arg.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
laceratula (Hue) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria laceratula
leprosa P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen 2000b)
leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. Jørg. Syns.: Pannaria leucophaea, Parmeliella microphylla
leucosticta (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria leucosticta
leucostictoides (Ohlsson) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria leucostictoides
maritima (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. Synyonym: Pannaria maritima
mediterranea (Tav.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria mediterranea
pacifica P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
praetermissa (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg. Syns.: Pannaria praetermissa, Parmeliella praetermissa, P. lepidiota
pulveracea (P. M. Jørg. & Henssen) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria pulveracea
ramulina P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen 2000b)
saubinetii (Mont.) P. M. Jørg. Syns.: Pannaria saubinetii, Parmeliella saubinetii
sorediata P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000a)
thiersii P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
viridescens P. M. Jørg. & Zhurb. (Jørgensen & Zhurbenko 2002)

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GASPARRINIA Tornab. = CALOPLACA

GASSICURTIA Fée
catasema (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia catasema, B. caloosensis (Marbach 2000)
elizae (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia elizae (Marbach 2000)
subpulcella (Vainio) Marbach Syn.: Buellia subpulcella, B. pachnidisca (Marbach 2000)
vernicoma (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia vernicoma, Buelliella vernicoma, Lecidea vernicoma (Marbach 2000)

GEISLERIA Nitschke
sychnogonioides Nitschke = Strigula sychnogonioides

GELTINGIA Alstrup & D. Hawksw.
* associata (Th. Fr.) Alstrup & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Lecidea associata

GLAUCOMARIA M. Choisy
rupicola (L.) M. Choisy = Lecanora rupicola
sordida (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Lecanora rupicola

GLOBOSPHAERIA D. Hawksw.
* jamesii D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)

GLOEOHEPPIA Gyeln.
polyspora Henssen (Schultz 2002c)

GLYPHIS Ach.
cicatricosa Ach.
achariana Tuck. = G. cicatricosa
confluens Zenker = G. cicatricosa
favulosa Ach. = G. cicatricosa

GLYPHOLECIA Nyl.
scabra (Pers.) Müll. Arg. Syns.: Acarospora scabra, A. saxicola

GOMPHILLUS Nyl.
americanus Essl.
calycioides (Duby) Nyl. (Buck 1998)

GONGYLIA Körber
muscorum Zschacke
nadvornikii Servít = Sagediopsis barbara

GONOHYMENIA J. Steiner = LICHINELLA
cribellifera (Nyl.) Henssen = Lichinella cribellifera
melamphylla (Tuck.) Henssen = Lichinella melamphylla
minnesotensis (Fink) Henssen = Lichinella minnesotensis
nigritella (Lettau) Henssen = Lichinella nigritella

GRANULOPYRENIS Aptroot
hymnothora (Ach.) Aptroot Syns.: Verrucaria hymnothora, Microthelia hymnothora, Sphaeria bignoniae

GRAPHINA Müll. Arg.
acharii (Fée) Müll. Arg. According to Harris, North American reports may be G. xylophaga
anguina (Mont.) Müll. Arg.
antillarum (Vainio) Zahlbr.
babingtonii (Mont.) Zahlbr. Possibly misidentifications for North America
colliculosa (Mont.) Hale
cypressi Müll. Arg.
floridana (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Graphis floridana
leuconephela (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
parilis (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
peplophora M. Wirth & Hale
platyleuca (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Harris 1995a)
scolecitis (Tuck.) Fink North American records of G. adscribens belong here
sophisticascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
subnitida (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Possibly misidentifications for North America
substriatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
subvirginalis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
virginea (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
xylophaga R. C. Harris
abaphoides (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Acanthothecis abaphoides
acrophaea Müll. Arg. = G. parilis
adscribens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = G. scolecitis for North American records
columbina (Tuck.) M. Wirth & Hale = Fissurina columbina
dimidiata (Vainio) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America
glaucoderma (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina incrustans
incrustans (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina incrustans
intertexta (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Acanthothecis aurantiaca
leprocarpa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema leprocarpum
marcescens (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Carbacanthographis marcescens
mendax (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North America
nitidescens (Nyl.) Riddle = Fissurina nitidescens
platycarpa (Eschw.) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America
plittii Zahlbr. = Carbacanthographis marcescens
subnitidula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Fissurina subnitidula
virginalis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina columbina

GRAPHIS Adans.
anfractuosa Eschw.
aperiens Müll. Arg.
botryosa Tuck.
caesiella Vainio
chromothecia R. C. Harris
desquamescens (Fée) Zahlbr.
elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach.
eulectra Tuck. Syn.: Phaeographis eulectra
glaucescens Fée
haleana R. C. Harris
illiterata R. C. Harris
insidiosa (C. Knight & Mitten) Hook. f.
intricata Fée
inversa R. C. Harris
leptocarpa Fée
leucopepla Tuck.
librata C. Knight
lineola Ach.
lucifica R. C. Harris
lumbricina Vainio
mosquitensis Tuck.
pavoniana Fée
platycarpella Müll. Arg.
poitaeoides Nyl.
rimulosa (Mont.) Trevisan
saxorum Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1997)
scripta (L.) Ach.
striatula (Ach.) Sprengel
subamylacea Zahlbr.
subelegans Nyl.
tenella Ach.
afzelii Ach. = Dyplolabia afzelii A. Massal.
atrorubens Tuck. ex Fink = Opegrapha longissima
beaumontii Tuck. = G. insidiosa
candidata Nyl. = Carbacanthographis candidata
celtidis Müll. Arg. = G. librata
dumastioides Fink = Fissurina dumastioides
floridana Tuck. = Graphina floridana
grammatis Fée = Platythecium grammitis
intertexta Müll. Arg. = Acanthothecis aurantiaca
nitida (Eschw.) Tuck. = Medusulina nitida
nitidescens Nyl. = Fissurina nitidescens
rufula Mont. = Fissurina rufula
subnitidula Nyl. = Fissurina subnitidula
subparilis Nyl. = Fissurina subcontexta
turbulenta Nyl. = Anomomorpha turbulenta

GRAPHIUM Corda
* aphthosae Alstrup & D. Hawksw.

GYALECTA Ach.
erythrozona Lettau
flotowii Körber
foveolaris (Ach.) Schaerer
friesii Flotow ex Körber
geoica (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Secoliga geoica
herrei Vezda
jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr.
kukriensis (Räsänen) Räsänen
peziza (Mont.) Anzi
truncigena (Ach.) Hepp
carneolutea (Turner) H. Olivier = Cryptolechia carneolutea
radiatilis Tuck. = Skyttea radiatilis

GYALECTIDIUM Müll. Arg.
filicinum Müll. Arg.
imperfectum Vzda (Ferraro, Lücking & Serusiaux 2001)
yahriae Buck & Sérus. (Buck & Sérusiaux 2000)
rotuliforme Müll. Arg. = Asterothyrium rotuliforme

GYALECTINA Vezda = CRYPTOLECHIA
carneolutea (Turner) Vezda = Cryptolechia carneolutea

GYALIDEA Lettau ex Vezda
hyalinescens (Nyl.) Vezda
lecideopsis (A. Massal.) Lettau ex Vezda
lecideopsis var. eucarpa (Servít) Vezda
lecideopsis var. kurdistanica (Steiner) Vezda
roseola (Arnold) Lettau (Brodo 1995)
dodgei Vezda = G. hyalinescens
lecideopsis var. convarians (Nyl.) Vezda = G. lecideopsis var. eucarpa

GYALIDEOPSIS Vezda
anastomosans P. James & Vezda
athalloides (Nyl.) Vezda
floridae Etayo & Diederich (Etayo & Diederich 2001)
muscicola P. James & Vezda (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
piceicola (Nyl.) Vezda
vainioi Kalb & Vezda
alnicola W. Noble & Vezda = G. piceicola

GYMNODERMA Nyl.
lineare (A. Evans) Yoshim. & Sharp = Cetradonia linearis

GYPSOPLACA Timdal
macrophylla (Zahlbr.) Timdal

GYROPHORA Ach. = UMBILICARIA
angulata (Tuck.) Herre = Umbilicaria angulata
anthracina (Wulfen) Körber = Umbilicaria rigida
arctica Ach. = Umbilicaria arctica
cylindrica (L.) Ach. = Umbilicaria cylindrica
decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. = Umbilicaria decussata
deusta (L.) Ach. = Umbilicaria deusta
dillenii (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. = Umbilicaria mammulata
erosa (G. Weber) Ach. = Umbilicaria torrefacta
hyperborea Ach. = Umbilicaria hyperborea var. hyperborea
muehlenbergii Ach. = Umbilicaria muehlenbergii
phaea (Tuck.) Nyl. = Umbilicaria phaea
polyphylla (L.) Fink = Umbilicaria polyphylla
polyrrhiza (L.) Körber = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza
vellea (L.) Ach. = Umbilicaria vellea

GYROSTOMUM Fr.
scyphuliferum (Ach.) Nyl.

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HAEMATOMMA A. Massal.
accolens (Stirton) Hillm. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
americanum Kalb & Staiger (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
fenzlianum A. Massal. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
flexuosum Hillm. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
ochroleucum (Necker) J. R. Laundon var. porphyrium (Pers.) J. R. Laundon Syn.: H. porphyrium
persoonii (Fée) A. Massal. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
rufidulum (Fée) A. Massal. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
subpuniceum (Müll. Arg.) B. de Lesd.
californicum Sigal & D. Toren = Ophioparma rubricosa (Ekman 1995)
caesium Coppins & P. James = Mycoblastus caesius
cismonicum Beltr. = Loxospora cismonica
coccineum (Dickson) Körber = misidentifications for North America
elatinum (Ach.) A. Massal. = Loxospora elatina
lapponicum Räsänen = Ophioparma lapponica
ochrophaeum (Tuck.) A. Massal. = Loxospora ochrophaea
pacificum Hasse = Ophioparma rubricosa (Staiger & Kalb 1995, Ekman 1996)
porphyrium (Pers.) Zopf = H. ochroleucum var. porphyrium
puniceum auct. North America = H. persoonii
pustulatum Brodo & Culb. = Loxospora pustulata
rappii Zahlbr. = Schismatomma rappii
subpuniceum (Fée) B. de Lesd. = H. fenzlianum
ventosum (L.) A. Massal. = Ophioparma lapponica for North American records

HAFELLIA Kalb, H. Mayrh. & Scheid.
arnoldii (Servít) Hafellner & Türk (Hafellner & Türk 2001) Syn.: Buellia arnoldii
bahiana (Malme) Sheard Syn.: Buellia bahiana
bahiana var. pleiotropa (Malme) Sheard
callispora (C. Knight) H. Mayrh. & Sheard Syn.: Buellia callispora
disciformis (Fr.) Marbach & H. Mayrhofer Syns.: Buellia disciformis, B. parasema (Marbach 2000)
fosteri Imshaug & Sheard
parastata (Nyl.) Kalb Syns.: Buellia blasteniospora, B. rinodinospora

HAFELLNERA Houmeau & Roux
parasemella (Nyl.) Houmeau & Roux Syn.: Lecidea parasemella

HALECANIA M. Mayrh.
alpivaga (Th. Fr.) M. Mayrh. Syns.: Lecania alpivaga, L. thallophila
viridescens Coppins & P. James

HARPIDIUM Körber
nashii Scheidegger (Schultz et al. 2000)
glaucophanum (Hasse) Hasse = Rhizoplaca glaucophana

HASSEA Zahlbr.
bacillosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr.

HAWKSWORTHIANA U. Braun
* peltigericola (D. Hawks.) U. Braun

HELMINTHOCARPON Fée
leprevostii Fée

HELOCARPON Th. Fr.
crassipes Th. Fr. Syns.: Lecidea crassipes, Micarea crassipes
lesdainii (Zahlbr.) Breuss (Breuss 2001 [2002])
corticola Breuss (Etayo 1998) = H. lesdainii

HENRICA B. de Lesd.
americana Breuss (Breuss 2002c)

HEPPIA Nägeli
adglutinata (Kremp.) A. Massal.
conchiloba Zahlbr.
despreauxii (Mont.) Tuck. (Büdel et al. 2002)
lutosa (Ach.) Nyl. Syn.: Solorinaria despreauxii
alumenensis Herre Excluded from North American flora; type not found.
bolanderi (Tuck.) Vainio = Peltula bolanderi
deserticola Zahlbr. = Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
euploca (Ach.) Vainio = Peltula euploca
guepinii (Delise) Nyl. = Peltula euploca
hassei Zahlbr. = Peltula obscurans var. hassei
leptopholis Nyl. ex Hasse = Peltula patellata
macrospora B. de Lesd. = H. conchiloba
placodizans Zahlbr. = Peltula placodizans.
planescens Nyl. Excluded from North American flora; type not found.
polyphylla B. de Lesd. = Peltula euploca
polyspora Tuck. = Peltula patellata
psammophila Nyl. = misidentifications for North America
richardsii Herre = Peltula richardsii
terrena Nyl. ex Hasse = Peltula patellata
tortuosa (Nees) Vainio = Peltula tortuosa
virescens (Despr.) Nyl. = H. lutosa
zahlbruckneri Hasse = Peltula zahlbruckneri

HERPOTHALLON Tobler = CRYPTOTHECIA
sanguineum (Sw.) Tobler = Cryptothecia rubrocincta

HERTELIANA P. James
alaskensis (Nyl.) S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia alaskensis, Lecidea alaskensis (Ekman 1996)

HETEROCARPON Müll. Arg.
* ochroleucum (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Endocarpon ochroleucum

HETEROCYPHELIUM Vainio
leucampyx (Tuck.) Vainio

HETERODERMIA Trevisan
albicans (Pers.) Swinscow & Krog Syns.: Anaptychia domingensis, A. ravenelii
appalachensis (Kurok.) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia appalachensis
barbifera (Nyl.) K. P. Singh
boryi (Fée) K. P. Singh & S. R. Singh Syns.: Anaptychia boryi, A. neoleucomelaena
casarettiana (A. Massal.) Trevisan Syn.: Anaptychia casarettiana
chondroidea W. A. Weber & D. D. Awasthi Syn.: Anaptychia chondroidea
comosa (Eschw.) Follm. & Redón (Harris 1995b)
crocea R. C. Harris North American reports of H. corallophora belong here
dendritica (Pers.) Poelt Syn.: Anaptychia dendritica
diademata (Taylor) D. D. Awasthi Syn.: Anaptychia diademata
echinata (Taylor) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia echinata
erinacea (Ach.) W. A. Weber Syn.: Anaptychia erinacea
galactophylla (Tuck.) Culb. Syns.: Anaptychia comosa (for North American records), A. galactophylla
granulifera (Ach.) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia granulifera
hypoleuca (Ach.) Trevisan Syn.: Anaptychia hypoleuca
japonica (Sato) Swinscow & Krog
leucomela (L.) Poelt Syn.: Anaptychia "leucomelaena"
microphylla (Kurok.) Skorepa
namaquana Brusse (Esslinger & Bratt 1998)
obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan Syns.: Anaptychia heterochroa, A. hypoleuca var. colorata, A. obscurata, A. sorediifera
podocarpa (Bél.) Awasthi (Moberg & Nash 1999)
propagulifera (Vainio) J. P. Dey
pseudospeciosa (Kurok.) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia pseudospeciosa
rugulosa (Kurok.) Wetmore
sitchensis Goward & W. Noble
speciosa (Wulfen) Trevisan Syns.: Anaptychia pseudospeciosa var. tremulans, A. speciosa
squamulosa (Degel.) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia squamulosa
tropica (Kurok.) Sipman Syn.: Anaptychia tropica (Marcano et al. 1996)
corallophora (Taylor) Skorepa = H. crocea for North American reports
domingensis (Ach.) Trevisan = H. albicans
leucomelaena (L.) Poelt = H. leucomela
neoleucomelaena (Kurok.) Follmann & Redón = H. boryi
tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Culb. = H. speciosa

HETEROPLACIDIUM Breuss (Breuss 1996)
congestum (Breuss & McCune) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium congestum
podolepis (Breuss) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium podolepis
acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) Breuss = Placidium acarosporoides

HOBSONIA Massee
* christiansenii B. L. Brady & D. Hawksw. = Illosporiopsis christiansenii

HOBSONIOPSIS D. Hawksw. (Sikaroodi et al. 2001)
* santessonii (Lowen & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)

HOMOSTEGIA Fuckel
* dermatocarpae Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
* parmeliana (Jacz.) Vouaux (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
* piggotii (Berk. & Broome) P. Karst.

HUBBSIA W. A. Weber (Tehler et al. 1997)
californica (Räsänen) W. A. Weber Syn.: Reinkella californica
parishii (Hasse) Tehler, Lohtander, Myllys & Sundin
lumbricoides W. A. Weber = H. californica

HUILIA Zahlbr. = PORPIDIA
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel = Porpidia albocaerulescens
cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel = Porpidia cinereoatra
crustulata (Ach.) Hertel = Porpidia crustulata
elegantior ( H. Magn.) Hertel = Amygdalaria elegantior
flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel = Porpidia flavocaerulescens
glaucophaea (Körber) Hertel = Porpidia glaucophaea
macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel = Porpidia macrocarpa
melinodes (Körber) Hertel = Porpidia melinodes
nigrocruenta (Anzi) Hertel = Porpidia macrocarpa
panaeola (Ach.) Hertel = Amygdalaria panaeola
platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel = Porpidia platycarpoides
soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) Hertel = Porpidia soredizodes
superba (Körber) Hertel = Porpidia superba
tuberculosa (Sm.) P. James = Porpidia tuberculosa

HYDROTHYRIA J. L. Russell
venosa J. L. Russell

HYMENELIA Kremp.
arctica (Lynge) Lutzoni Syn.: Ionaspis arctica
ceracea (Arnold ) Poelt & Vezda (Status uncertain)
epulotica (Ach.) Lutzoni Syns.: Ionaspis epulotica, Lecanora epulotica
heteromorpha (Kremp.) Lutzoni Syns.: Ionaspis heteromorpha, I. annularis, I. ochracella, I. reducta, I. schismatopis
melanocarpa (Kremp.) Arnold Syn.: Ionaspis melanocarpa
rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni Syns.: Ionaspis ochromicra, I. rhodopis
lacustris (With.) M. Choisy = Ionaspis lacustris
ochrolemma (Vainio) Gowan & Ahti (Gowan & Ahti 1993) = Porpidia ochrolemma
prevostii (Duby) Kremp. = H. epulotica

HYPERPHYSCIA Müll. Arg.
adglutinata (Flörke) H. Mayrh. & Poelt Syns.: Physcia adglutinata, P. elaeina, Physciopsis adglutinata, P. elaeina
minor (Fée) D. D. Awasthi Syns.: Physcia minor, Physciopsis minor
syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb Syns.: Physcia syncolla, Physciopsis syncolla

HYPOCENOMYCE M. Choisy
anthracophila (Nyl.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider Syns.: Biatora anthracophila, Lecidea anthracophila, Psora anthracophila (Timdal 2002)
castaneocinerea (Räsänen) Timdal
friesii (Ach.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider Syns.: Lecidea friesii, Psora friesii
leucococca R. Sant.
oligospora Timdal (Timdal 2001)
scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy Syns.: Lecidea scalaris, L. ostreata, Psora scalaris, P. ostreata
sierrae Timdal (2001)
praestabilis (Nyl.) Timdal = Pycnora praestabilis
sorophora (Vainio) P. James & Poelt = Pycnora sorophora
xanthococca (Sommerf.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider = Pycnora xanthococca

HYPOGYMNIA (Nyl.) Nyl.
apinnata Goward & McCune
austerodes (Nyl.) Räsänen Syn.: Parmelia austerodes
bitteri (Lynge) Ahti Syn.: Parmelia bitteri
duplicata (Ach.) Rass.
enteromorpha (Ach.) Nyl.
farinacea Zopf
gracilis McCune (McCune 2002)
heterophylla L. Pike
imshaugii Krog
inactiva (Krog) Ohlsson
krogiae Ohlsson
lugubris (Pers.) Krog
metaphysodes (Asah.) Rass.
mollis L. Pike & Hale
occidentalis L. Pike
oceanica Goward
physodes (L.) Nyl. Syns.: Parmelia duplicata var. douglasicola, P. physodes, P. oregana
pulverata (Nyl. ex Crombie) Elix
rugosa (G. Merr.) L. Pike
schizidiata McCune (McCune 2002)
subcapitata (Nyl.) Rass.
subobscura (Vainio) Poelt Syn.: Parmelia subobscura
subphysodes (Kremp.) Filson (McCune & Rosentreter 1997)
tubulosa (Schaerer) Hav. Syn.: Parmelia tubulosa
vittata (Ach.) Parrique Syn.: Parmelia vittata
atrofusca (Schaerer) Räsänen = Brodoa atrofusca, but North American reports are misidentifications
bitteriana (Zahlbr.) Räsänen = H. farinacea
elongata (Hillm.) Rass. = H. duplicata
encausta (Sm.) Walter Watson = Brodoa intestiniformis (but see below)
intestiniformis (Vill.) Räsänen = Brodoa intestiniformis, but North American records are misidentifications of, e.g., Brodoaoroarctica
oroarctica Krog = Brodoa oroarctica
pseudophysodes (Asah.) Rass. North American reports are H. oceanica

HYPOTRACHYNA (Vainio) Hale
costaricensis (Nyl.) Hale (Harris 1993a)
croceopustulata (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia croceopustulata
dactylifera (Vainio) Hale (Nash et al. 1998)
densirhizinata (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia densirhizinata
dentella (Hale & Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia dentella
ensifolia (Kurok.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia ensifolia, P. lobulifera var. insensitiva
gondylophora (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia gondylophora
imbricatula (Zahlbr.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia imbricatula, P. lobulifera, P. lobulifera var. luteoreagens
laevigata (Sm.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia laevigata
livida (Taylor) Hale Syn.: Parmelia livida
meridensis Hale & López (Nash, Sipman & Elix 2002)
oostingii (J. P. Dey) Hale Syn.: Parmelia oostingii
osseoalba (Vainio) Park & Hale Syns.: Parmelia formosana
polydactyla (Krog & Swinscow) T. Nash
producta Hale Syn.: Parmelia producta
prolongata (Kurok.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia prolongata, P. lobulifera var. sanguineoreagens, P. rachista
pseudosinuosa (Asah.) Hale
pulvinata (Fée) Hale Syn.: Parmelia pulvinata
punoensis Kurok. & K. H. Moon (Nash, Sipman & Elix 2002)
pustulifera (Hale) Skorepa Syn.: Parmelia pustulifera
revoluta (Flörke) Hale Syn.: Parmelia revoluta
riparia McCune (McCune 1998a)
rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia rockii
showmanii Hale
sinuosa (Sm.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia sinuosa
subsaxatilis (B. de Lesd.) Hale
thysanota (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia thysanota
taylorensis (M. E. Mitch.) Hale (Groner & Dietrich 1996)
virginica (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia virginica
formosana (Zahlbr.) Hale = H. osseoalba
rachista (Hale) Hale = H. prolongata

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ICMADOPHILA Trevisan
ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr.

ILLOSPORIOPSIS D. Hawksw.
* christiansenii (B. L. Brady & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawks. (Sikaroodi et al. 2001)

ILLOSPORIUM Martius
* carneum Fr.
* corallinum Roberge = Marchandiomyces corallinus

IMMERSARIA Rambold & Pietschmann
athroocarpa (Ach.) Rambold & Pietschm.
carbonoidea (J. W. Thomson) Esnault & Roux Syn.: Lecidea carbonoidea

IMSHAUGIA S. F. Meyer
aleurites (Ach.) S. F. Meyer Syn.: Parmeliopsis aleurites
placorodia (Ach.) S. F. Meyer Syn.: Parmeliopsis placorodia

INTRALICHEN D. Hawksw. & M. S. Cole
* baccisporus Hawksworth & M. S. Cole (Hawksworth & Cole 2002)
* christiansenii (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & M. S. Cole Syn.: Bispora christiansenii (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)

INVOLUCROPYRENIUM Breuss (Breuss 1996)
waltheri (Kremp.) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium waltheri

IONASPIS Th. Fr.
alba Lutzoni
lacustris (With.) Lutzoni Syn.: Hymenelia lacustris, Aspicilia lacustris, Lecanora lacustris
lavata H. Magn. Syn.: Lecanora lavata
odora (Ach.) Th. Fr. ex Stein
suaveolens (Fr.) Th. Fr. ex Stein
annularis H. Magn. (Thomson 1997) = Hymenelia heteromorpha
arctica Lynge = Hymenelia arctica
chrysophana (Körber) Stein = I. suaveolens
epulotica (Ach.) Blomb. & Forssell = Hymenelia epulotica
heteromorpha (Kremp.) Arnold = Hymenelia heteromorpha
epulotica var. arctica (Lynge) H. Magn. = Hymenelia arctica
melanocarpa (Kremp.) Arnold = Hymenelia melanocarpa
ochracella (Nyl.) H. Magn. = Hymenelia heteromorpha
ochromicra (Nyl.) Hue = Hymenelia rhodopis
reducta H. Magn. = Hymenelia heteromorpha
rhodopis (Sommerf.) Blomb. & Forssell = Hymenelia rhodopis
schismatopis (Nyl.) Hue = Hymenelia heteromorpha
spitsbergensis H. Magn. = nom. invalidum

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JAPEWIA Tønsberg
subaurifera Muhr & Tønsberg
tornoënsis (Nyl.) Tønsberg Syns.: Lecidea tornoënsis, Mycoblastus tornoënsis
carrollii (Coppins & P. James) Tønsberg (Aptroot 1996) = misidentification for North America (Printzen 1999 [2000])

JARXIA D. Hawksw. (Harris 1995a)
ilicicola R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
thelenula R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)

JULELLA Fabre
⁺ asema R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
dispora (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Polyblastiopsis dispora
fallaciosa (Arnold) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
geminella (Nyl.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Polyblastiopsis rappii
⁺ lactea (A. Massal.) M. E. Barr (Harris 1995a)
⁺sericea (A. Massal.) Coppins (Aptroot 2002b)
sublactea (Nyl.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Clathroporina exiguella, C. amygdalina
⁺ taxodii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
variiformis R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
⁺vitrispora (Cooke & Harkness) M. E. Barr (Harris 1995a)

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KAERNEFELTIA Thell & Goward (Thell & Goward 1996)
californica (Tuck.) Thell & Goward (Thell & Goward 1996) Syns.: Alectoria californica, A. cetrariza, Cetraria californica,Cornicularia californica
merrillii (Du Rietz) Thell & Goward (Thell & Goward 1996) Syns.:Cetraria merrillii, Tuckermannopsis merrillii

KALCHBRENNERIELLA Diederich & M. S. Christ.
* cyanescens (Kalchbr.) Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 2002)

KARSCHIA Körber
* inops Triebel & Rambold
* athallina (Müll. Arg.) Vouaux = Dactylospora athallina

KARSTENIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
* peltigerae (P. Karst.) D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)

KILIASIA Hafellner = TONINIA
athallina (Hepp) Hafellner = Toninia athallina
philippea (Mont.) Hafellner = Toninia philippea

KIRSCHSTEINIOTHELIA D. Hawksw. Omitted as a totally saprophytic genus

KOERBERIA A. Massal.
biformis A. Massal.
sonomensis (Tuck.) Henssen Syn.: Pannaria sonomensis

KOERBERIELLA Stein
wimmeriana (Körber) Stein

KOHLMEYERA Schatz
complicatula (Nyl.) Schatz Syns.: Mastodia tesselata, Turgidosculum complicatulum

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LAEVIOMYCES D. Hawksw. = LICHENODIPLIS
* lecanoricola M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) = Lichenodiplis lecanoricola
* pertusariicola (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. = Lichenodiplis pertusariicola

LAHMIA Körber
fueistingii Körber = Arthrorhaphis grisea

LASALLIA Mérat
papulosa (Ach.) Llano Syns.: Umbilicaria pustulata var. papulosa, U. papulosa
pensylvanica (Hoffm.) Llano Syn.: Umbilicaria pensylvanica
pustulata (L.) Mérat Syn.: Umbilicaria pustulata
pustulata subsp. papulosa (Ach.) W. A. Weber = L. papulosa

LASIOSPHAERIOPSIS D. Hawksw. & Sivan.
* stereocaulicola (Lindsay) O. E. Eriksson & R. Sant. (Zhurbenko & Daniëls 2003)

LAUDERLINDSAYA J. C. David & D. Hawksw. (McCune 1997)
* borreri (Tul.) J. C. David & D. Hawksw. (McCune 1997)

LAURERA Rchb.
megasperma (Mont.) Riddle Syns.: Campylothelium nitidum, Clathroporina diphloea
subdisjuncta (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris
madreporiformis (Eschw.) Riddle = Bathelium madreporiforme (Harris 1995a)
varia (Fée) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America

LECANACTIS Körber
abietina (Ach.) Körber
[Bacidia akompsa (Tuck.) Fink]
dubia G. Merr.
epileuca (Nyl.) Tehler Syns.: Platygrapha subattingens, Schismatomma subattingens
salicina Zahlbr.
amylacea (Ehrh. ex Pers.) Arnold = Lecanographa amylacea
californica Tuck. = Sigridea californica
chloroconia Tuck. = Cresponea chloroconia
dimelaenoides Egea & Torrente = Lecanographa dimelaenoides
* grumulosa (Dufour) Fr. = Lecanographa grumulosa
illicebrosa (Dufour) Fr. = Lecanographa amylacea
megaspora (G. Merr.) Brodo = L. abietina
nashii Egea & Torrente = Lecanographa hypothallina
patellarioides (Nyl.) Vainio = Bactrospora patellarioides
premnea (Ach.) Arnold = Cresponea premnea
ravenelii (Tuck.) R. C. Harris = Opegrapha ravenelii
subattingens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = L. epileuca
subdryophila Follmann & Vezda = Lecanographa subdryophila
zahlbruckneri Herre = Sigridea californica

LECANIA A. Massal.
brunonis (Tuck.) Herre
californica (Zahlbr.) Fink
constricta W. A. Weber
cuprea (A. Massal.) v. d. Boom & Coppins Syn.: Bacidia cuprea, B. cupreorosella,
cyathiformis Szatala (Tavares et al. 1997)
cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr.
disceptans (Nyl.) Lynge
dubitans (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.
dudleyi Herre
erysibe (Ach.) Mudd
flavescens Lynge (Thomson 1996)
fructigena Zahlbr.
fuscella (Schaerer) Körber
[Catillaria groenlandica Lynge]
hassei (Zahlbr.) W. Noble Syn.: Solenopsora hassei
naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & v. d. Boom Syn.: Bacidia naegelii (Ekman 1996)
nylanderiana A. Massal.
pepegospora H. Magn.
perproxima (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
shastensis Herre
stigmatella (Tuck.) S. Ekman (Ekman 1996) Syn.: Bacidia stigmatella
subcaesia (Nyl.) B. de Lesd.
subdispersa (Nyl.) Hasse
subfuscula (Nyl.) S. Ekman (Ekman 1996) Syn.: Bacidia subfuscula
toninioides Zahlbr.
turicensis (Hepp) Müll. Arg.
albariella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = L. turicensis
alpivaga Th. Fr. = Halecania alpivaga
arctica Lynge = Caloplaca diphyodes
cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst. = L. cyrtella (Santesson 1993)
curvescens (Mudd) A. L. Sm. = Bryonora curvescens
dimera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = L. dubitans
syringea (Ach.) Th. Fr. = L. fuscella
tenera (Nyl.) Clauzade & Roux = Lecanora tenera
thallophila H. Magn. = Halecania alpivaga

LECANOGRAPHA Egea & Torrente
amylacea (Ehrh. ex Pers.) Egea & Torrente Syns.: Lecanactis amylacea, L. illecebrosa, Opegrapha illecebrosa
dimelaenoides (Egea & Torrente) Egea & Torrente Syn.: Lecanactis dimelaenoides
* grumulosa (Dufour) Egea & Torrente Syns.: Opegrapha diaphoroides, Lecanactis grumulosa, but questionable for North America
hypothallina (Zahlbr.) Egea & Torrente Syns.: Platygrapha hypothallina, Schismatomma hypothallinum, Opegrapha hypothallina, O. hassei, Lecanactis nashii
subdryophila (Follmann & Vezda) Egea & Torrente Syn.: Lecanactis subdryophila

LECANORA Ach.
achroides Vainio
actophila Wedd.
alaskensis H. Magn.
albella (Pers.) Ach. var. albella
albella var. rubescens (Imshaug & Brodo) Lumbsch
albellula Nyl. (Printzen 2001)
albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostrup
albula (Nyl.) Hue
aleutica H. Magn.
allophana Nyl.
anoptiza Nyl.
apochraeoides Vainio
applegatei Herre
argentata (Ach.) Malme
argentea Oksner & Volkova
argopholis (Ach.) Ach.
atrosulphurea (Wahlenb.) Ach.
beringii Nyl. ("behringii")
bicincta Ramond
bipruinosa Fink
boligera (Norman ex Th. Fr.) Hedl.
brodoana Lumbsch & T. Nash
[Parmularia brouardii B. de Lesd.]
cadubriae (A. Massal.) Hedl. Syns.: Lecidea cadubriae, L. ramulicola
caesiorubella Ach. subsp. caesiorubella
caesiorubella subsp. glaucomodes (Nyl.) Imshaug & Brodo
caesiorubella subsp. merrillii Imshaug & Brodo
caesiorubella subsp. prolifera (Fink) R. C. Harris
caesiorubella subsp. saximontana Imshaug & Brodo
caesiosulphurea Vainio
californica Brodo
campestris (Schaerer) Hue
canadensis Lynge & H. Magn.
carpinea (L.) Vainio
cateilea (Ach.) A. Massal.
[Lecidea caulophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
cavicola Creveld (Nash et al. 1998)
cenisia Ach.
chlarotera Nyl.
chlorophaeodes Nyl.
cinereofusca H. Magn. var. cinereofusca
cinereofusca var. appalachensis Brodo
circumborealis Brodo & Vitik.
cladonioides Lynge
collatolica J. W. Thomson & T. Nash
comonduensis T. Nash & Hertel (Nash & Hertel 1997)
confusa Almb.
congesta Lynge
coniferarum Printzen (Printzen 2001)
conizaeoides Nyl. ex Crombie
contractula Nyl.
crenulata Hook.
crustacea (Savicz) Zahlbr. (Ryan & Nash 1997b)
cupressi Tuck.
demosthenesii Lumbsch & Messuti (Lumbsch, Messuti & Nash 2003 [2004])
densa (Sliwa & Wetmore) Printzen (Printzen 2001)
deplanans Nyl.
discoënsis Lynge
dispersa (Pers. ) Sommerf.
dispersoareolata (Schaerer) Lamy
elmorei E. D. Rudolph
epanora (Ach.) Ach.
epibryon (Ach.) Ach.
expallens Ach.
farinaria Borrer
floridula Lumbsch
flowersiana H. Magn.
fuscescens (Sommerf.) Nyl. Syn.: Lecidea fuscescens
fuscidula Degel.
gangaleoides Nyl.
garovaglii (Körber) Zahlbr.
geophila (Th. Fr.) Poelt
glabrata (Ach.) Malme
glaucopsina Nyl.
granulifera (Ach.) Nyl.
groenlandica Lynge
gyalectodes Nyl.
gypsicola St. Clair & Newberry (Rajvanshi et al. 1998)
hagenii (Ach.) Ach.
helicopis (Wahlenb.) Ach. (identification uncertain)
horiza (Ach.) Lindsay
hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo
hypopta (Ach.) Vainio Syn.: Lecidea hypopta
hypoptoides (Nyl.) Nyl.
impudens Degel.
imshaugii Brodo
insignis Degel.
intricata (Ach.) Ach.
intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh.
iowensis Fink
jamesii Laundon (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
kariana Räsänen
kofae B. D. Ryan & T. Nash
laatokkaensis (Räsänen) Poelt
latens Printzen (Printzen 2001)
laxa (liwa & Wetmore) Printzen (Printzen 2001)
leprosa Fée
leptacina Sommerf.
leptacinella Nyl.
lividolutea Räsänen
louisianae B. de Lesd.
luteovernalis Brodo
marginata (Schaerer) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea marginata, L. elata, L. purissima. See note under "Lecidea amylacea."
maxima Lynge
mazatzalensis B. D. Ryan & T. Nash
melaena (Hedl.) Fink
mellea W. A. Weber
meridionalis H. Magn.
microbola Lamb
microfusca Lynge
miculata Ach.
minutella Nyl.
monticola H. Magn.
mughicola Nyl.
muralis (Schreber) Rabenh. Syn.: Protoparmeliopsis muralis
muralis var. brunneola (Mereschk.) Ryan & Nash (Nash et al. 1998)
muralis var. versicolor (Pers.) Tuck.
neoalbomarginata Gyelnik
nigromarginata H. Magn.
nordenskioeldii Vainio
novae-semliae Zahlbr.
novomexicana H. Magn. Syn.: Parmularia novomexicana
ochraceorubescens Arnold (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
olivaceopallida H. Magn.
opiniconensis Brodo
orae-frigidae R. Sant.
oreinoides (Körber) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea oreinodes, L. tennessensis, L. tesselina
orosthea (Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Lecidea orosthea
pacifica Tuck. Syn.: L. tetraspora
permutata Zahlbr.
perplexa Brodo
persimilis (Th. Fr.) Nyl.
phaedrophthalma Poelt
phaeophora (Stizenb.) H. Magn. Syn.: Lecidea phaeophora
phryganitis Tuck.
pinguis Tuck.
placidensis (Magnusson) Knoph, Leuckert & Rambold (Knoph & Leuckert 1994) Syns.: Lecidea placidensis, Lecidella placidensis, Fuscidea placidensis
plumosa Müll. Arg. (Nash et al. 1998)
poliophaea (Wahlenb.) Ach.
poluninii Lynge
polytropa (Hoffm.) Rabenh.
populicola (DC.) Duby
praecrenata Nyl.
pringlei (Tuck.) Lamb Syns.: Lecidea pringlei
pseudargentata Lumbsch (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
pseudistera Nyl.
pseudomellea B. D. Ryan
pulicaris (Pers.) Ach.
ramulicola (H. Magn.) Printzen & P. May (Printzen & May 2002)
reagens Norman
rhodi Szatala (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
rubicunda Bagl.
rugosella Zahlbr.
rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Glaucomaria rupicola, G. sordida
salicicola H. Magn.
saligna (Schrader) Zahlbr. Syn.: Lecanoropsis saligna
salina H. Magn.
sambuci (Pers.) Nyl.
scotopholis (Tuck.) Timdal Syns.: Lecidea scotopholis, Psorula scotopholis
semitensis Tuck.
sierrae B. D. Ryan & T. Nash
sipeana H. Magn.
sophodopsella Nyl.
stenospora Stizenb. Syn.: Acarospora stenospora
stenotropa Nyl. (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
straminea Ach.
strobilina (Sprengel) Kieffer
subaurea Zahlbr.
subcarnea (Lilj.) Ach.
subimmergens Vainio
subintricata (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
subrugosa Nyl.
substrobilina Printzen (Printzen 2001)
sulphurea (Hoffm.) Ach. Syn.: Lecidea sulphurea
swartzii (Ach.) Ach. (Nash et al. 1998)
symmicta (Ach.) Ach. Syns.: Lecidea symmicta
tenera (Nyl.) Crombie
texana W. A. Weber
thallophila H. Magn.
thomsonii H. Magn.
thysanophora Harris (Harris et al. 2000 [2001])
torrida Vainio
tristiuscula H. Magn.
umbrina (Ach.) A. Massal.
umbrosa Degel.
utahensis H. Magn.
valesiaca (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb.
varia (Hoffm.) Ach.
vegae Malme
victoriae (F. Wilson) Tibell (Nash et al. 1998)
viriduloflava B. de Lesd.
weberi B. D. Ryan
willeyi Tuck.
wisconsinensis H. Magn.
xanthosora B. D. Ryan & Poelt
xylophila Hue
zosterae (Ach.) Nyl.
albomarginata (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia albomarginata
albopruinosa Looman = an Aspicilia sp.
alboradiata H. Magn. = Aspicilia alboradiata
aliena Zahlbr. = Aspicilia aliena
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Ach. = Lobothallia alphoplaca
alpina Sommerf. = Bellemerea alpina
americana (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia americana
annulata Lynge = Aspicilia annulata
anseris Lynge = Aspicilia anseris
aquatica (Körber) Hepp = Aspicilia aquatica
arctica Lynge = Aspicilia arctica
arizonica (Tuck. ex Willey) W. A. Weber = Omphalora arizonica
atra (Hudson) Ach. = Tephromela atra
atriseda (Fr.) Nyl. = Protoparmelia atriseda
atrynea (Ach.) Röhl. = Lecanora cenisia
badia (Hoffm.) Ach. = Protoparmelia badia
basaltica Lynge = Aspicilia narssaquensis
bockii (Fr.) Rabenh. = Rimularia gibbosa
bolanderi Tuck. = Cladidium bolanderi
caesiocinerea Nyl. ex Malbr. = Aspicilia caesiocinerea
caesiopruinosa H. Magn. = Aspicilia caesiopruinosa
caesiorubella Ach. subsp. lathamii Imshaug & Brodo = L. caesiorubella subsp. prolifera
calcarea (L.) Sommerf. = Aspicilia calcarea
cancriformis (Hoffm.) Vainio = L. caesiorubella Ach. subsp. caesiorubella
candida (Anzi) Nyl. = Aspicilia candida
cascadensis H. Magn. = L. garovaglii
castanea (Hepp) Th. Fr. = Bryonora castanea
chlarona (Ach.) Nyl. = L. pulicaris
chloropolia (Erichsen) Almb. = L. impudens for most North American records
christoi W. A. Weber = L. phaedrophthalma
chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach. = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca
cinerea (L.) Sommerf. = Aspicilia cinerea
cinereorufescens (Ach.) Hepp = Bellemerea cinereorufescens
cingulata Zahlbr. = Aspicilia cingulata
circinata (Pers.) Ach. = Lobothallia radiosa
coilocarpa auct. = L. circumborealis
coilocarpa (Ach.) Nyl. = L. pulicaris
composita Lynge = Aspicilia composita
concinna J. W. Thomson = an Aspicilia sp.
conizaea auct. = L. strobilina
conizaea (Ach.) Nyl. ex Crombie = L. expallens
contorta (Hoffm.) J. Steiner = Aspicilia contorta
degelii Schauer & Brodo = L. cinereofusca var. cinereofusca
demissa (Körber) Zahlbr. = Caloplaca demissa
desertorum Kremp. = Aspicilia desertorum
diffracta Ach. = L. muralis
diphasia Tuck. = Caloplaca diphasia
disserpens (Zahlbr.) H. Magn. = Aspicilia disserpens
distans (Pers. ex Ach.) Nyl. = L. populicola
effusa (Hoffm.) Ach. = L. saligna
elevata Lynge = Aspicilia elevata
epulotica (Ach.) Nyl. = Hymenelia epulotica
eyerdamii Herre = L. xylophila
fimbriata H. Magn. = Aspicilia fimbriata
flavida Hepp = Eiglera flavida
flavopunctata Tønsberg = Biatora flavopunctata
floridana Tuck. = Caloplaca floridana
frustulosa (Dickson) Ach. = L. argopholis for North American records excluding Greenland
fuliginosa Brodo = L. argentea
fuscidula Degelius = L. minutella Nyl. (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
galactinula Vainio = L. pseudistera
gelida (L.) Ach. = Placopsis gelida
gibbosa (Ach.) Nyl. = Aspicilia gibbosa
gibbosula H. Magn. = Aspicilia gibbosa
glaucomela Tuck. = Pertusaria glaucomela
glaucophana Nyl. ex Hasse = Rhizoplaca glaucophana
granatina Sommerf. = Euopsis granatina
grandis H. Magn. = Protoparmelia badia
grantii H. Magn. = L. xylophila
haydenii Tuck. = Rhizoplaca haydenii
heteroplaca Zahlbr. = Aspicilia heteroplaca
holophaea (Mont.) Nyl. = Solenopsora holophaea
hypospilota Vainio = L. oreinoides
incusa (Fr.) Vainio = L. demissa
intrudens H. Magn. = Miriquidica intrudens
lacustris (With.) Nyl. = Ionaspis lacustris
laevata (Ach.) Nyl. = Aspicilia laevata
laevis Poelt = L. horiza, but N. American records are L. xylophila
lavata (H. Magn.) Fink = Ionaspis lavata
lentigera (Weber) Ach. = Squamarina lentigera
lesleyana (Darbish.) Paulson = Aspicilia lesleyana
limitata H. Magn. = Aspicilia limitata
marginalis Hasse = Rhizoplaca marginalis
mastoidea Lynge = Aspicilia mastoidea
mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Ach. (Wetmore 1967) = Aspicilia mastrucata
melanaspis (Ach.) Ach. = Lobothallia melanaspis
melanophthalma (DC.) Ramond = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma
mniaroeiza Nyl. = Rinodina mniaroeiza
morioides (Blomb. ex Arnold) Blomb. = Clauzadeana macula
mutabilis Sommerf. = L. intricata
mutabilis (Ach.) Nyl. = Megaspora verrucosa
myrinii (Fr.) Tuck. = Aspilidea myrinii
narssaquensis Lynge = Aspicilia narssaquensis
nephaea Sommerf. = Protoparmelia nephaea
nikrapensis (Darbish.) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia nikrapensis
nevadensis H. Magn. = L. garovaglii
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = identity uncertain
occidentalis (Lynge) Lynge = L. argopholis
ochrococca (Nyl.) Clauzade & Roux = Protoparmelia ochrococca
oregana Tuck. = L. argopholis (Ach.) Ach.
pachythallina Lynge = L. geophila
palanderi Vainio = L. zosterae
pallida (Schreber) Rabenh. var. pallida = L. albella var. albella
pallida var. rubescens Imshaug & Brodo = L. albella var. rubescens
parisiensis Nyl. = L. horiza
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Sommerf. = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
peltata (Ramond) Steudel = Rhizoplaca peltata
pergibbosa H. Magn. = Aspicilia pergibbosa
perradiata Nyl. = Aspicilia perradiata
pertusa Lynge = Aspicilia pertusa
phaeobola Tuck. = Protoparmelia ochrococca
pinastri (Schaerer) H. Magn. = L. pulicaris
piniperda Körber = L. albellula Nyl. (Printzen 2001)
plicigera Zahlbr. = Aspicilia plicigera
polychroma (Anzi) Nyl. = Aspicilia polychroma
praeradiosa Nyl. = Lobothallia praeradiosa
pruinosa Chaub. Not in North America
pseudochlarotera Brodo = L. hybocarpa
radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaerer = Lobothallia radiosa
reptans Looman = Aspicilia reptans
riparia G. Merr. non (Flotow) M. Steiner = L. xylophila
rolleana (Hue) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia rolleana
rosulata (Körber) Stizenb. = Aspicilia rosulata
rubina (Vill.) Ach. = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca
ryrkaipiae H. Magn. = Aspicilia ryrkaipiae
sanguinea (Kremp.) Mig. = Bellemerea sanguinea
sordida (Pers.) Th. Fr. = L. rupicola
stygioplaca Nyl. = Aspicilia subradians
subfusca (L.) Ach. = nom. rej. prop. = L. allophana
subfuscata H. Magn. = L. argentata
sublapponica Zahlbr. = Aspicilia sublapponica
subolivascens Nyl. = Caloplaca demissa
subpallida G. Merr. non C. Knight = L. caesiorubella subsp. prolifera
subradians Nyl. = Aspicilia subradians
subradiascens Nyl. = Aspicilia subradians
superfluens H. Magn. = L. geophila
supertegens (Arnold) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia supertegens
sylvestris (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = L. rubicunda
symmictera Nyl. = L. symmicta
tenuis H. Magn. = an Aspicilia sp.
tesselina (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = L. oreinoides
tetraspora H. Magn. = L. pacifica
thamnitis Tuck. = Cladidium bolanderi
thamnoplaca Tuck. = Lobothallia alphoplaca
thomsonii H. Magn. = L. novomexicana
urceolata (Fr.) Wetmore = Megaspora verrucosa
varia subsp. densa liwa & Wetmore (liwa & Wetmore 2000) = L. densa
varia subsp. laxa liwa & Wetmore (liwa & Wetmore 2000) = L. laxa
variolascens auct. = L. impudens for North American records
verrucigera (Hue) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia verrucigera
verrucosa (Ach.) Laurer = Megaspora verrucosa
versicolor (Pers.) Ach. = L. muralis var. versicolor

LECANOROPSIS M. Choisy
saligna (Schrader) M. Choisy = Lecanora saligna

LECIDEA Ach.
admiscens Nyl.
ahlesii (Körber) Nyl. (Harris 1995b)
aitema Ach.
albofuscescens Nyl.
albohyalina (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Biatora albohyalina (Printzen & Tønsberg 2000)
alpestris Sommerf.
amabilis B. de Lesd.
amaurospoda (Anzi) Vainio Syns.: Biatora pullata, Lecidea pullata (Printzen 1995)
amniculensis Lowe
atomaria Th. Fr.
atrobrunnea (Lam. & DC.) Schaerer
atromarginata H. Magn.
atroviridis (Arnold) Th. Fr.
auriculata Th. Fr. ssp. auriculata (Hertel & Andreev 2003 [2004])
auriculata ssp. brachyspora Th. Fr. (Hertel & Andreev 2003 [2004])
baffiniana H. Magn.
betulicola (Kullh.) H. Magn. f. endamylea (Hedl.) Hinteregger (Printzen & Tønsberg 2000)
brachyspora (Th. Fr.) Nyl.
brunneofusca H. Magn.
californica Zahlbr.
carneoalbens Nyl.
carnulenta (Tuck.) Fink
cascadensis H. Magn.
cellularis Lowe
cinerata Zahlbr.
columnata Lowe
confluens (Weber) Ach.
congesta Fink
crassilabra Müll. Arg.
crisima Nyl.
cruciaria Tuck.
cyrtidia Tuck. (Harris 1997)
degelii H. Magn.
delincta Nyl.
deminutula H. Magn.
despecta Th. Fr.
diapensiae Th. Fr.
diducens Nyl.
dolodes Nyl.
eckfeldtii Zahlbr.
ecrustacea (Anzi ex Arnold) Arnold
ementiens Nyl.
enterophaea Vainio
erythrophaea Flörke ex Sommerf.
extenuata Vainio
flavidolivens (Tuck.) Fink
floridensis Nyl.
fuliginosa Taylor
furfurosa Tuck. ex Nyl.
furva Lowe
furvonigrans (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
fuscatoatra Nyl.
fuscoatra (L.) Ach.
glaucopholis Nyl.
goniophiloides B. de Lesd.
hassei Zahlbr.
hebescens Nyl.
holopolia (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
homosema Nyl.
humilis Lowe
hypomela Nyl.
intropallida Fink
katahdinensis Degel.
laboriosa Müll. Arg. (Hertel 1995)
labradorica Arnold
lapicida (Ach.) Ach. var. lapicida (Hertel & Andreev 2003 [2004])
lapicida var. pantherina Ach. (Hertel & Andreev 2003 [2004])
lepidastra (Tuck.) Hasse
leprarioides Tønsberg
leucothallina Arnold
lithophila (Ach.) Ach.
louisianae B. de Lesd.
lyngei Degel.
mamillana Tuck.
mannii Tuck.
marciensis Lowe
marylandensis H. Magn.
meiocarpa Nyl. var. tacomensis Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2000)
melaphanoides Nyl.
merrillii H. Magn.
micytho Tuck.
moreliiensis B. de Lesd.
mutabilis Fée
myriocarpella (G. Merr.) Zahlbr.
nearingii H. Magn.
nemoralis Lowe
nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr.
occidentalis Lynge
olivascens Th. Fr.
pacifica Herre
paddensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
paupercula Th. Fr. (Hertel & Andreev 2003 [2004])
peliaspis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
phaeopelidna Vainio
phaeops Nyl.
picea Lynge
plana (J. Lahm) Nyl.
planetica Tuck.
plebeja Nyl.
polaris Lynge
polycocca Sommerf.
populina Müll. Arg. ex Nyl. Syn.: Micarea populina
praenubila Nyl.
praetermissa Tønsberg
promiscens Nyl.
protabacina Nyl.
pulla Lowe
pumicicola H. Magn.
pycnocarpa (Körber) Ohlert
ramulosa Th. Fr.
rivulorum H. Magn.
roseotincta Coppins & Tønsberg
rufofusca (Anzi) Nyl.
rugosa Lowe
santae-monicae H. Magn.
scrobiculata Th. Fr.
scrupulosa (Eckf.) H. Magn.
silacea Ach.
somphoterella Vainio
soredifera Lowe
sphaerella Hedl. = a species of Lecania? (Printzen 1995)
steineri Hertel
subaglaea B. de Lesd.
subcandida H. Magn.
sublimosa Nyl.
subplebeja Vainio
subramosa Lowe
subrhagadiella Lynge
subtilis Degel.
swartzioidea Nyl.
syncarpa Zahlbr. (McCune 1998b)
tenayucae B. de Lesd.
tenuissima Lynge
tessellata Flörke
tessellata var. caesia (Anzi) Arnold
theodori Lynge
torquens Müll. Arg. = a species of Lecanora? (Printzen 1995)
truckeei Herre
umbonata (Hepp) Mudd
violascens H. Magn.
virginiensis Calk. & Nyl.
xanthococcoides Zahlbr.
ablephora Nyl. = Ramonia ablephora
acrocyanea (Th. Fr.) H. Magn. = Lecidella patavina
adirondackii H. Magn. = Psilolechia clavulifera
aenea (Fr.) Nyl. = Miriquidica garovaglii
aeruginosa Borrer = Trapeliopsis flexuosa
aglaea Sommerf. = Calvitimela aglaea
aglaeida Nyl. = Calvitimela aglaea
alaiensis Vainio = Lecidella patavina
alaskensis Nyl. = Herteliana alaskensis
albidocinerella (Vainio) Vainio = Lecidella effugiens
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach. = Porpidia albocaerulescens
albosuffusa Th. Fr. = Farnoldia jurana
aleutica Degel. (See note under Fuscidea lowensis)
"amylacea Ach. 1810" nom. illeg. Probably refers to Lecanora marginata
aniptiza Stirton = Micarea denigrata
anthracophila Nyl. = Hypocenomyce anthracophila
antoniensis H. Magn. = L. hassei
apochroeiza Nyl. = Biatora subduplex
arctica Sommerf. = Frutidella caesioatra
arctogena (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = Calvitimela testaceoatra
arcuatula (Arnold) Nyl. = Fuscidea recensa
armeniaca (DC.) Fr. = Calvitimela armeniaca
assimilata Nyl. = Micarea assimilata
assimilis (Körber) Th. Fr. = Carbonea assimilis
associata Th. Fr. = Geltingia associata
atrata (Ach.) Wahlenb. = Tremolecia atrata
atrofulva Sommerf. = Miriquidica atrofulva
atrofusca (Hepp) Mudd = Mycobilimbia hypnorum
atrolutescens Nyl. = L. mannii
atronivea Arnold = Carbonea atronivea
berengeriana (A. Massal.) Nyl. = Mycobilimbia berengeriana
botryosa (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Biatora botryosa
brandegei Tuck. = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (Weber & Wittmann 1992), however Ryan & Nash (1997a) indicate otherwise, but leave the identity clouded
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Psorula rufonigra
brujeriana (D. Dietr.) Leighton = Trapelia mooreana
cadubriae (A. Massal.) Nyl. = Lecanora cadubriae
caeca Lowe = Rimularia caeca
caesioatra Schaerer = Frutidella caesioatra
caesiocoronata Lowe = L. olivascens
calcivora (Ehrh.) Nyl. = Clauzadea immersa
carbonoidea J. W. Thomson = Immersaria carbonoidea
carpathica (Körber) Szatala = Lecidella carpathica
catalinaria Stizenb. = Lecidella asema
caulophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = a Lecanora sp.
chalybeiza Nyl.= Micarea erratica (Harris 1997; Coppins & Muhr 1997)
cinereoatra Ach. = Porpidia cinereoatra
cinereorufa Schaerer = Schaereria cinereorufa
cinnabarina Sommerf. = Pyrrhospora cinnabarina
circumnigrata H. Magn. = Miriquidica pulvinata
circumnigrata var. reagens H. Magn. = Miriquidica lulensis
coarctata (Sm.) Nyl. = Trapelia coarctata
columbiana H. Magn. = L. tessellata
conferenda Nyl. = Adelolecia kolaensis
contigua Fr. = Porpidia macrocarpa
coroniformis Kremp. = Psora crenata
crassipes (Th. Fr.) Nyl. = Helocarpon crassipes
crenata (Taylor) Stizenb. = Psora crenata
crustulata (Ach.) Sprengel = Porpidia crustulata
cuprea Sommerf. = Biatora cuprea
cyanea (Ach.) Rohl. = L. tessellata
cyanescens Lynge = L. lapicida
cyathoides (Ach.) Ach. = Fuscidea cyathoides
decipiens (Hedwig) Ach. = Psora decipiens
demissa (Rutstr.) Ach. = Lecidoma demissum
deustata Zahlbr. = Miriquidica deusta
dicksonii auct. = Tremolecia atrata
dicksonii (Gmelin) Ach. = nomen dubium
dilutiuscula Nyl. = Micarea bauschiana
diversa Lowe = Porpidia diversa
efflorescens (Hedl.) Erichsen = Biatora efflorescens
elabens Fr. = Pyrrhospora elabens
elaeochroma (Ach.) Ach. = Lecidella elaeochroma
elata Schaerer = Lecanora marginata
elegantior H. Magn. = Amygdalaria elegantior
endolithea Lynge = Lecidella patavina
enteroleuca auct. = Lecidella spp.
epiiodiza Nyl. = Schaereria endocyanea
epixanthoidiza Nyl. nom. rej. prop. = Biatora efflorescens
erratica Körber = Micarea erratica
euphorea (Flörke) Nyl. = Lecidella euphorea
evansii H. Magn. = Lecidella carpathica
fissuriseda Poelt = Mycobilimbia fissuriseda
flavocaerulescens Hornem. = Porpidia flavocaerulescens
flexuosa (Fr.) Nyl. = Trapeliopsis flexuosa
friesii Ach. = Hypocenomyce friesii
furfuracea Pers. = Phyllopsora furfuracea
furvella Nyl. ex Mudd = Rimularia furvella
fusca (Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Mycobilimbia hypnorum
fuscescens Sommerf. = Lecanora fuscescens
fuscocinerea Nyl. = Schaereria fuscocinerea
garovaglii Schaerer = Miriquidica garovaglii
gelatinosa Flörke = Trapeliopsis gelatinosa
geophana Nyl. = Steinia geophana
glaucophaea Körber = Porpidia glaucophaea
glebulosa (Fr.) Clem. = Trapeliopsis wallrothii
globifera Ach. = Psora globifera
glomerulosa (DC.) Steudel = Lecidella euphorea
goniophila auct. = Lecidella anomaloides
granulata H. Magn. = Lecidella granulata
granulosa (Hoffm.) Ach. = Trapeliopsis granulosa
gregaria G. Merr. = Trapelia involuta
grisella Flörke ex Schaerer = L. fuscoatra
gyrodes H. Magn. = a Fuscidea sp.
helvola (Körber) Th. Fr. = Biatora helvola
heppii R. Anderson & W. A. Weber = Lecidella wulfenii
homalodes Nyl. = L. tessellata Flörke (Hertel 1991)
humosa (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Placynthiella uliginosa
hypnorum Lib. = Mycobilimbia hypnorum
hypocrita A. Massal. = Farnoldia hypocrita
hypopta Ach. = Lecanora hypopta
icterica (Mont.) Taylor = Psora icterica
impavida Th. Fr. = Rimularia impavida
instrata Nyl. = Miriquidica instrata
insularis Nyl. = Rimularia insularis
internectens Nyl. = Biatora subduplex
intrudens H. Magn. = Miriquidica intrudens
intumescens (Flotow) Nyl. = Rimularia insularis
jurana Schaerer = Farnoldia jurana
kochiana Hepp = Fuscidea kochiana
kochiana var. subreagens H. Magn. = Fuscidea subreagens
lactea Flörke ex Schaerer = L. lapicida
lacus-crateris H. Magn. = Lecidella stigmatea
latypea auct. non Ach. = Lecidella carpathica
latypea Ach. = L. plana
latypiza Nyl. = Lecidella carpathica
leptoboloides Nyl. = L. laboriosa
leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Nyl. = Miriquidica leucophaea
leucophaeoides Nyl. = Miriquidica leucophaeoides
limborina (Nyl.) Lamy = Rimularia limborina
limitata auct. = Lecidella elaeochroma
limosa Ach. = Protomicarea limosa
lithospersa Zahlbr. = Farnoldia hypocrita
lopadioides (Th. Fr.) Grummann = Trapelia mooreana
lowensis H. Magn. = Fuscidea lowensis
lucida (Ach.) Ach. = Psilolechia lucida
lugubris Sommerf. = Ropalospora lugubris
lulensis (Hellbom) Stizenb. = Miriquidica lulensis
lurida (Ach.) DC. = Mycobilimbia lurida
luridella Tuck. = Psora luridella
lynceola Th. Fr. = Micarea bauschiana
lyngeana Zahlbr. = Adelolecia pilati
macrocarpa (DC.) Steudel = Porpidia macrocarpa
macrocarpa var. trullisata (Arnold) Mig. = Porpidia zeoroides
marginata Schaerer = Lecanora marginata
meiocarpa Nyl. = Biatora meiocarpa
melancheima Tuck. = Pyrrhospora elabens
melinodes (Körber) H. Magn. ex Lynge = Porpidia melinodes
micacea Körber = Lecidella stigmatea
minuta (Nyl.) Nyl. = Biatora meiocarpa
misella (Nyl.) Nyl. = Micarea misella
mollis (Wahlenb.) Nyl. = Fuscidea mollis
monticola Ach. = Clauzadea monticola
myriocarpoides Nyl. = L. plebeja
novomexicana (B. de Lesd.) W. A. Weber ex R. Anderson = Psora nipponica
oblongula H. Magn. = Caloplaca oblongula
obtegens Th. Fr. = Trapelia obtegens
occidentalis Lynge = L. tessellata (Hertel 1991)
ochrococca Nyl. = Protoparmelia ochrococca
oligotropha J. R. Laundon = Placynthiella oligotropha
olivacea (Hoffm.) A. Massal. = Lecidella elaeochroma
oreinodes (Körber) W. A. Weber & Hertel = Lecanora oreinoides
ornata (Sommerf.) Hue = Trapelia involuta
orosthea (Ach.) Ach. = Lecanora orosthea
ostreata (Hoffm.) Schaerer = Hypocenomyce scalaris
* oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl. = Phacopsis oxyspora
pallida Th. Fr. = Pilophorus dovrensis
panaeola (Ach.) Ach. = Amygdalaria panaeola
pantherina (Ach.) Th. Fr. = L. lapicida
parasemella Nyl. = Hafellnera parasemella
parvifolia Pers. = Phyllopsora parvifolia
"pelobotrion" = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Leighton = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
petri (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = L. lurida
phaeophora Stizenb. = Lecanora phaeophora
phylliscina Nyl. = Porpidia macrocarpa
pilati (Hepp) Körber = Adelolecia pilati
placidensis H. Magn. = Lecanora placidensis
platycarpa Ach. = Porpidia macrocarpa
plumbeoatra Vainio = Miriquidica plumbeoatra
porphyrospoda (Anzi) Th. Fr. = Biatora porphyrospoda
praeruptorum Du Rietz & H. Magn. = Fuscidea praeruptorum
prasinula (Wedd.) B. de Lesd. = Lecidella scabra
pringlei Tuck. = Lecanora pringlei
pruinosa Ach. = L. lithophila
pulcherrima Vainio = Anamylopsora pulcherrima
pullata (Norman) Th. Fr. = Lecidea amaurospoda
punctella (Willey) Zahlbr. = Micarea rhabdogena
purissima Darbish. = Lecanora marginata
quadricolor (Dickson) Borrer = Trapeliopsis granulosa
quernea (Dickson) Ach. = Pyrrhospora quernea
ramulicola H. Magn. = Lecanora cadubriae
recedens Nyl. = a non-lichenized fungus
recensa Stirton = Fuscidea recensa
rhaetica Hepp ex Th. Fr. = Farnoldia micropsis
rivulosa Ach. = Fuscidea cyathoides
rubiformis (Ach.) Wahlenb. = Psora rubiformis
rufonigra (Tuck.) Nyl. = Psorula rufonigra
russellii Tuck. = Psora russellii
russula Ach. = Pyrrhospora russula
sanguineoatra sens. Nyl. = Mycobilimbia hypnorum
saxosa R. Anderson = L. syncarpa (Hertel 1995, Leuckert & Hertel 2003)
scabra Taylor = Lecidella scabra
scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) Ach. = Hypocenomyce scalaris
scholanderi Lynge = Toninia tristis subsp. scholanderi
scotopholis (Tuck.) Herre = Lecanora scotopholis
shushanii J. W. Thomson = a Tephromela sp.?
sorediza Nyl. = Porpidia tuberculosa
soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) Vainio = Porpidia soredizodes
speirea (Ach.) Ach. = Porpidia speirea
sphacelata Th. Fr. = Rimularia sphacelata
stenotera (Nyl.) Nyl. = L. alpestris
steriza (Ach.) Vainio = Porpidia macrocarpa
stigmatea Ach. = Lecidella stigmatea
suballinita Nyl. = Micarea ternaria (Nyl.) Vezda (Printzen 1995)
subauriculata B. de Lesd. non Lynge = Lecidella spp.
subauriculata Lynge non B. de Lesd. = Adelolecia pilati
subcinnabarina Tønsberg = Pyrrhospora subcinnabarina
subcontinuior B. de Lesd. = Lecidella carpathica
subduplex (Nyl.) Nyl. = Biatora subduplex
suberratica Lowe = Micarea erratica
subplumbea Anzi = (?) Miriquidica griseoatra
subsimplex H. Magn. = a Porpidia sp.
subsorediza Lynge = Bellemerea subsorediza
sulphurea (Hoffm.) Wahlenb. = Lecanora sulphurea
sylvana (Körber) Th. Fr. = Catillaria globulosa
sylvicola Flotow = Micarea sylvicola
symmicta (Ach.) Ach. = Lecanora symmicta
templetonii Taylor = Mycobilimbia hypnorum
tenebrosa Flotow = Schaereria fuscocinerea
tennessensis Nyl. = Lecanora oreinoides
tesselina Tuck. = Lecanora oreinoides
testacea (Hoffm.) Ach. = Psora testacea Not included in the North American flora.
texana W. A. Weber = Xanthopsorella texana
tornoënsis Nyl. = Japewia tornoënsis
trochodes (Taylor ex Leighton) Crombie = Rimularia limborina
tumida A. Massal. = Porpidia tuberculosa
turgidula Fr. = Biatora turgidula
uliginosa (Schrader) Ach. = Placynthiella uliginosa
ultima Th. Fr. = Cephalophysis leucospila
umbonella Nyl. = Cecidonia umbonella
vacciniicola Tønsberg = Biatora vacciniicola
varians Ach. = Pyrrhospora varians
vernalis (L.) Ach. = Biatora vernalis
vernicoma Tuck. = Gassicurtia vernicoma
viridans (Flotow) Lamy = Lecidella viridans
viridescens (Schrader) Ach. = Trapeliopsis viridescens
* vitellinaria Nyl. = Carbonea vitellinaria
vorticosa (Flörke) Körber = Carbonea vorticosa
vulgata Zahlbr. = Lecidella stigmatea
wallrothii Flörke ex Sprengel = Trapeliopsis wallrothii
washingtonensis H. Magn. = L. cascadensis
wulfenii (Hepp) Arnold = Lecidella wulfenii
xanthococca Sommerf. = Pycnora xanthococca
ypocrita A. Massal. = Farnoldia hypocrita
zahlbruckneri Fink = Lecidella latypiza (Knoph & Leuckert 1994)

LECIDELLA Körber
anomaloides (A. Massal.) Hertel & R. Kilias Syn.: Lecidea goniophila auct.
asema (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea catalinaria
bullata Körber
carpathica Körber Syns.: Lecidea latypiza, L. carpathica, L. latypea auct., L. subcontinuior, L. evansi
chodatii (Samp.) Knoph & Leuckert
dimelaenophila Hertel
effugiens (Nilson) Knoph & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea albidocinerella
elaeochroma (Ach.) Hazsl. Syns.: Lecidea elaeochroma, L. olivacea, L. limitata auct.
enteroleucella (Nyl.) Hertel
euphorea (Flörke) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea euphorea, L. glomerulosa
flavosorediata (Vezda) Hertel & Leuckert
granulata (H. Magn.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Lecidea granulata
latypiza (Nyl.) M. Choisy
laureri (Hepp) Körber (Goward et al. 1996)
meiococca (Nyl.) Leuckert & Hertel
patavina (A. Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert Syns.: Lecidea acrocyanea, L. alaiensis, L. endolithea
pulveracea (Schaerer) Sydow
scabra (Taylor) Hertel & Leuckert Syns.: Lecidea scabra, L. prasinula
stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert Syns.: Lecidea micacea, L. stigmatea, L. vulgata, L. lacus-crateris
[Lecidea subauriculata B. de Lesd. non Lynge]
viridans (Flotow) Körber Syn.: Lecidea viridans
wulfenii (Hepp) Körber Syns.: Lecidea heppii, L. wulfenii
alaiensis (Vainio) Hertel = L. patavina
elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel = L. asema
enteroleuca auct. = various Lecidella spp.
glomerulosa (DC.) M. Choisy = L. euphorea
goniophila auct. = L. anomaloides
inamoena (Müll. Arg.) Hertel = L. patavina
incongruella (Vainio) Hertel & Leuckert = L. effugiens
placidensis (H. Magn.) R. C. Harris = Lecanora placidensis (Knoph & Leuckert 1994)
prasinula (Wedd.) Hertel = L. scabra
spitsbergensis (Lynge) Hertel & Leuckert = L. patavina
subincongrua (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert var. elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert = L. asema

LECIDOMA Gotth. Schneider & Hertel
demissum (Rutstr.) Gotth. Schneider & Hertel Syns.: Lecidea demissa, Lepidoma demissum, Psora demissa

LECIOGRAPHA A. Massal. = OPEGRAPHA
* glaucomaria (Nyl.) H. Oliv. = Opegrapha glaucomaria
* inspersa (Tul.) Rehm = possibly Dactylospora parasitica
* lamyi (O. J. Rich. ex Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. = Opegrapha lamyi
* parasitica A. Massal. = Opegrapha rupestris
* pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Fink = Dactylospora pertusariicola
* urceolata (Fr.) Körber = Dactylospora urceolata

LECIOPHYSMA Th. Fr.
finmarkicum Th. Fr.
furfurascens (Nyl.) Gyelnik

LEIODERMA Nyl.
sorediatum D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg.

LEIORREUMA Eschw.
exaltatum (Mont. & v.d. Bosch) Staiger Syn.: Phaeographis exaltata (Staiger 2002)
sericeum (Eschw.) Staiger Syn.: Phaeographis sericea (Staiger 2002)

LEMMOPSIS (Vainio) Zahlbr.
arnoldiana (Hepp) Zahlbr. (Schultz 2002d)

LEMPHOLEMMA Körber
chalazanum (Ach.) B. de Lesd.
cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
isidiodes (Nyl. ex Arnold) H. Magn.
oblique-peltatum (Eschw.) C. W. Dodge
polyanthes (Bernh.) Malme
radiatum (Sommerf.) Henssen
umbella (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
vesiculiferum Henssen
albonigrumH. Magn. = L. cladodes
myriococcum (Ach.) Th. Fr. = L. polyanthes

LEPIDOMA (Ach.) Gray
demissum (Rutstr.) M. Choisy = Lecidoma demissum

LEPRARIA Ach.
borealis Lohtander & Tønsberg
cacuminum (A. Massal.) Lohtander
caesioalba (B. de Lesd.) J. R. Laundon
crassissima (Hue) Lettau
crassissima var. isidiata Llimona
diffusa (J. R. Laundon) Kukwa var. diffusa Syn.: Leproloma diffusum var. diffusum (Kukwa 2002)
diffusa (J. R. Laundon) Kukwa var. chrysodetoides (J. R. Laundon) Kukwa Syn.: Leproloma diffusum var. chrysodetoides (Kukwa 2002)
eburnea J. R. Laundon
elobataTønsberg (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
frigida J. R. Laundon
incana (L.) Ach.
jackii Tønsberg (Kümmerling et al. 1995)
lobificans Nyl. Syns.: Crocynia aliciae, C. americana
membranacea (Dickson) Vainio Syn.: Leproloma membranaceum, Amphiloma lanuginosum (Kukwa 2002)
neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen Syn.: Crocynia neglecta
nivalis J. R. Laundon
rigidula (B. de Lesd.) Tønsberg
vouauxii (Hue) R. C. Harris Syn.: Leproloma vouauxii (Kukwa 2002)
aeruginosa auct. = L. incana
aeruginosa (Weiss) Sm. = not a lichen-forming fungus
arctica (Lynge) Wetmore = L. vouauxii
candelaris (L.) Fr. = Chrysothrix candelaris
chlorina (Ach.) Ach. = Chrysothrix chlorina
citrina (Schaerer) Rabenh. = Chrysothrix candelaris
finkii (B. de Lesd.) R. C. Harris = L. lobificans
flava (Schreber) Sm. = Chrysothrix candelaris
lesdainii (Hue) R. C. Harris = Botryolepraria lesdainii
zonata Brodo = L. caesioalba or L. neglecta

LEPROCAULON Nyl. ex Lamy
albicans (Th. Fr.) Nyl. ex Hue Syn.: Stereocaulon albicans
arbuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. Syn.: Stereocaulon arbuscula
gracilescens (Nyl.) Lamb & Ward
microscopicum (Vill.) Gams ex D. Hawksw. Syns.: Stereocaulon microscopicum, S. quisquiliare
subalbicans (Lamb) Lamb & Ward Syn.: Stereocaulon subalbicans North American records of S. pseudoarbuscula belong here.

LEPROLOMA Nyl. ex Crombie = LEPRARIA
angardianum (Øvstedal) J. R. Laundon = Lepraria cacuminum
cacuminum (A. Massal.) J. R. Laundon = Lepraria cacuminum
diffusum J. R. Laundon var. diffusum = Lepraria diffusa var. diffusa
diffusum J. R. Laundon var. chrysodetoides J. R. Laundon (Goward et al. 1996) = Lepraria diffusa var. chrysodetoides
membranaceum (Dickson) Vainio = Lepraria membranacea
"membranaceum var. chrysodetoides" Removed as a typographical error here
vouauxii (Hue) J. R. Laundon = Lepraria vouauxii

LEPROPLACA (Nyl.) Hue = CALOPLACA
chrysodeta (Vainio ex Räsänen) J. R. Laundon = Caloplaca chrysodeta

LEPTOCHIDIUM M. Choisy
albociliatum (Desmaz.) M. Choisy Syns.: Polychidium albociliatum, Leptogium albociliatum, L. pilosellum

LEPTOGIDIUM Nyl. = POLYCHIDIUM
dendriscum (Nyl.) Nyl. = Polychidium dendriscum
intricatulum Nyl. = Dendriscocaulon intricatulum

LEPTOGIUM (Ach.) Gray
adpressum Nyl.
apalachense Nyl.
aquale (Arn.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999)
arcticum P. M. Jørg.
arsenei Sierk
austroamericanum (Malme) C. W. Dodge
azureum (Sw.) Mont.
biatorinum (Nyl.) Leighton (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999)
brebissonii Mont.
burgessii (L.) Mont.
burnetiae C. W. Dodge
byssinum (Hoffm.) Zwackh ex Nyl.
californicum Tuck.
cellulosum P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999)
chloromelum (Sw. ex Ach.) Nyl.
contortum Sierk
corniculatum (Hoffm.) Minks
corticola (Taylor) Tuck.
crenatulum (Nyl.) Vainio
cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber
dactylinum Tuck.
denticulatum Tuck.
digitatum (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
erectum Sierk
floridanum Sierk
fusisporum (Tuck.) C. W. Dodge
gelatinosum (With.) J. R. Laundon
hirsutum Sierk
hypotrachynum Müll. Arg.
imbricatum P. M. Jørg.
intermedium (Arnold) Arnold
isidiosellum (Riddle) Sierk
juniperinum Tuck.
laceroides (B. de Lesd.) P. M. Jørg.
lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr.
marginellum (Sw.) Gray
microstictum Vainio
milligranum Sierk
parculum Nyl.
phyllocarpum (Pers.) Mont.
platynum (Tuck.) Herre
plicatile (Ach.) Leighton Syn.: Collema plicatile
polycarpum P. M. Jørg. & Goward
pseudofurfuraceum P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 1997)
rivale Tuck. Syn.: Polychidium rivale
rivulare (Ach.) Mont.
rugosum Sierk
saturninum (Dickson) Nyl.
schraderi (Ach.) Nyl.
sessile Vainio
stipitatum Vainio
subaridum Jørgensen & Goward
subtile (Schrader) Torss.
tacomae P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999)
tenuissimum (Dickson) Körber
teretiusculum (Wallr.) Arnold
albociliatum Desmaz. = Leptochidium albociliatum
americanum Degel. = L. laceroides
amphineum Ach. ex Nyl. = L. byssinum
arizonicum Zahlbr. = L. juniperinum
burnetiae C. W. Dodge var. hirsutum (Sierk) P. M. Jørg. = L. hirsutum
caesiellum Tuck. = L. byssinum
caesium (Ach.) Vainio = L. cyanescens
crenatellum (Nyl.) Tuck. = L. rivulare
furfuraceum (Harm.) Sierk = L. pseudofurfuraceum (for North American reports; Jørgensen 1997)
inflexum Nyl. = L. burgessii (fide Jørgensen)
lividofuscum (Florke ex Schlecht.) Flotow = L. tenuissimum
minutissimum (Flörke) Fr. = L. subtile
nanum Herre = L. biatorinum
palmatum (Hudson) Mont. = L. corniculatum
papillosum (B. de Lesd.) C. W. Dodge North American reports refer to L. pseudofurfuraceum
perminutum Hedr. = L. subtile
pilosellum G. Merr. = Leptochidium albociliatum
plectenchymum Fink = L. juniperinum
sinuatum (Hudson) A. Massal. = L. gelatinosum
tremelloides auct. = L. cyanescens

LEPTORHAPHIS Körber
atomaria (Ach.) Szatala
^# contorta Degel.
^# epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
lucida Körber
⁺ parameca (A. Massal.) Körber
quercus (Beltr.) Körber = identity uncertain

LEPTOSPHAERULINA McAlpine
* peltigerae (Fuckel) Riedel

LEPTOTREMA Mont. & Bosch = OCELLULARIA
auberianum (Mont.) Fink = Ocellularia auberiana
glaucescens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema glaucescens
heterosporum (C. Knight ex F. M. Bailey) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema santense
laeviusculum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Myriotrema laeviusculum
lepadodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema monosporum
monosporum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Thelotrema monosporum
obturascens (Nyl.) Hale = Myriotrema bahiana
polycarpum Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema subcompunctum
ravenelii (Tuck.) Fink = Myriotrema wightii
reclusum (Kremp.) Zahlbr. = Myriotrema reclusum
santense (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Reimnitzia santensis
wightii (Taylor) Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema wightii

LETHARIA (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr.
columbiana (Nutt.) J. W. Thomson
vulpina (L.) Hue Syn.: Evernia vulpina
californica (Lév.) Hue = L. columbiana
vulpina (L.) Hue f. californica (Lév.) W. A. Weber = L. columbiana

LETHARIICOLA Grummann
* cucularis (Norman) Lumbsch & D. Hawksw.
* sipei Grummann = L. cucularis

LETROUITIA Hafellner & Bellem.
domingensis (Pers.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.: Lopadium domingense, Bombyliospora domingensis
parabola (Nyl.) R. Sant. & Hafellner
vulpina (Tuck.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.: Lopadium vulpinum, Bombyliospora vulpina

LETTAUIA D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
* cladoniicola D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
* santessonii Ihlen & Tønsberg (Ihlen & Tønsberg 1996)

LEUCOCARPIA Vzda
biatorella (Arnold) Vzda (Buck & Harris 2001)

LEUCOGYROPHANA Pouzar
* lichenicola Thorn, Malloch & Ginns (Thorn et al. 1998)

LICHENOCHORA Hafellner
* galligena R. Sant. & Hafellner (Diederich 2003)
* obscuroides (Lindsay) Triebel & Rambold (Hoffmann & Hafellner 1994)
* verrucicola (Wedd.) Nik. Hoffm. & Hafellner (Hoffmann & Hafellner 2000)
* weillii (Werner) Hafellner & R. Sant.
* xanthoriae Triebel & Rambold
* thallina (Cooke) Hafellner = L. obscuroides

LICHENOCONIUM Petrak & H. Sydow
* cargillianum (Linds.) D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)
* edgewoodensis Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
* erodens M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw.
* follmannii Kondratyuk & Galloway (Kondratyuk & Galloway 1995)
* laevisporum Kalb & Hafellner (Kalb et al. 1995)
* lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw.
* pyxidatae (Oudem.) Petrak & H. Sydow
* usneae (Anzi) D. Hawksw.
* xanthoriae M. S. Christ.

LICHENODIPLIS Dyko & D. Hawksw.
* dendrographae Diederich & van den Boom (Diederich 2003)
* lecanorae (Vouaux) Dyko & D. Hawksw.
* lecanoricola (M. S. Cole & Hawksw.) Diederich Syn.: Laeviomyces lecanoricola (Diederich 2003)
* lichenicola Dyko & D. Hawksw.
* pertusariicola (Nyl.) Diederich (Diederich 2003)

LICHENOMPHALIA Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalyis (Redhead et al. 2002)
alpina (Britzelmayr) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys Syns.: Omphalina alpina, O. luteovitellina, Phytoconisluteovitellina, Botrydina luteovitellina(Redhead et al. 2002)
hudsoniana (H. S. Jenn.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys Syns.: Omphalina hudsoniana, Botrydina viridis, Corisciumviride, Phytoconis viridis(Redhead et al. 2002)
umbellifera (L. : Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys Syns.: Omphalina umbellifera, O. ericetorum, Phytoconisericetorum, Botrydina botryoides, B.vulgaris (Redhead et al. 2002)
velutina (Quél.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys Syns.: Omphalina velutina, Phytoconis velutina, Botrydina velutina (Redhead et al. 2002)

LICHENOPELTELLA Höhn.
* heterodermiicola M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2002)
* peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
* santessonii (P. M. Kirk & Spooner) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
* thamnoliae R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)

LICHENOPUCCINIA D. Hawksw. & Hafellner
* poeltii D. Hawksw. & Haffelner (Diederich 2003)

LICHENOSTICTA Zopf
* alcicorniaria (Lindsay) D. Hawksw.

LICHENOSTIGMA Hafellner
*cosmopolites Hafellner & Calatayud (Hafellner & Calatayud 1999)
* elongata Nav.-Ros. & Hafellner (Navarro-Rosines & Hafellner 1996)
* maureri Hafellner
* rugosa Thor
* semiimmersa Hafellner (Hafellner 1999)
* subradians Hafellner, Calatyud & Nav.-Ros. (Calatayud et al. 2002)

LICHENOTHELIA D. Hawksw.
^# calcarea Henssen
^# convexa Henssen
^# intermixta Henssen
^# metzleri (J. Lahm) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Microthelia metzleri
^# scopularia (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. Syns.: Microthelia aterrima, Rinodina aterrima
^# tenuissima Henssen

LICHENOTHRIX Henssen = PYRENOTHRIX
riddlei Henssen = Pyrenothrix nigra

LICHINA C. Agardh
confinis (O. F. Müller) C. Agardh
willeyi (Tuck.) Henssen

LICHINELLA Nyl.
americana Henssen
cribellifera (Nyl.) Moreno & Egea Syn.: Gonohymenia cribellifera, Lichinella cribellifera
melamphylla (Tuck.) Essl. Syn.: Gonohymenia melamphylla, Pannaria melamphylla
minnesotensis (Fink) Essl. Syns.: Forsellia minnesotensis, Gonohymenia minnesotensis
nigritella (Lettau) Moreno & Egea Syn.: Gonohymenia nigritella
stipatula Nyl.

LICHINODIUM Nyl.
canadense Henssen
saxicola Henssen
sirosiphoideum Nyl.

LITHOGRAPHA Nyl.
tesserata (DC.) Nyl.

LITHOTHELIUM Müll. Arg.
hyalosporum (Nyl.) Aptroot Syn.: Arthopyrenia hyalospora, Plagiocarpa hyalospora, Pleurotrema solivagum
illotum (Nyl.) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa illota, P. langloisii
macrosporum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa macrospora
microsporum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
phaeosporum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa phaeosporum
septemseptatum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa septemseptata

LLIMONIELLA Hafellner & Nav.-Ros.
* pertusariae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
* pyrenulae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
* neglecta (Vainio) Triebel & Rambold = Rhymbocarpus neglectus

LOBARIA (Schreber) Hoffm.
amplissima (Scop.) Forss. (Tønsberg & Goward 2001)
hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Sticta hallii
kurokawae Yoshim.
linita (Ach.) Rabenh. Syn.: Sticta linita
oregana (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Sticta oregana
pseudopulmonaria Gyelnik
pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Syn.: Sticta pulmonaria
quercizans Michaux
ravenelii (Tuck.) Yoshim. Syn.: Sticta erosa
retigera (Bory) Trevisan
scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. Syn.: Sticta verrucosa
silvae-veteris (Goward & Goffinet) Goward & Goffinet Syn.: Nephroma silvae-veteris (Goffinet & Goward 1998)
tenuis Vainio
erosa (Eschw.) Nyl. = L. ravenelii
isidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Vainio Not in North America.
laetevirens (Lightf.) Zahlbr. = L. virens but not known from North America
lobulifera B. Moore = L. tenuis
verrucosa (Hudson) Hoffm. = L. scrobiculata

LOBOTHALLIA (Clauzade & Roux) Hafellner
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner Syns.: Aspicilia alphoplaca, Lecanora alphoplaca, Lecanora thamnoplaca
melanaspis (Ach.) Hafellner Syn.: Aspicilia melanaspis, Lecanora melanaspis
praeradiosa (Nyl.) Hafellner Syn.: Aspicilia praeradiosa, Lecanora praeradiosa
radiosa (Hoffm.) Hafellner Syn.: Aspicilia radiosa, Lecanora radiosa, L. circinata

LOPADIOPSIS Vainio = GYALECTIDIUM
floridana Zahlbr. = Asterothyrium rotuliforme

LOPADIUM Körber
augustini (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
coralloideum (Nyl.) Lynge
disciforme (Flotow) Kullhem
dodgei Herre
pezizoideum (Ach.) Körber
alpinum (Körber) R. Sant. = Schadonia alpina
domingense (Pers.) Fink = Letrouitia domingensis
fecundum Th. Fr. = Schadonia fecunda
fuscum Müll. Arg. = Calopadia fusca
fuscoluteum (Dickson) Mudd = Brigantiaea fuscolutea
gemellum (Anzi) Stizenb. = Schadonia alpina
leucoxanthum (Sprengel) Zahlbr. = Brigantiaea leucoxantha
puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Calopadia puiggarii
phyllocharis (Mont.) Fink = Tapellaria epiphylla
vulpinum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Letrouitia vulpina

LOPEZARIA Kalb & Hafellner (Kalb 1990)
versicolor (Fée) Kalb & Hafellner (Kalb 1990) Syn.: Catinaria versicolor, Megalospora versicolor

LOXOSPORA A. Massal.
cismonica (Beltr.) Hafellner Syn.: Haematomma cismonicum
elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Haematomma elatinum
ochrophaea (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Haematomma ochrophaeum
pustulata (Brodo & Culb.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Haematomma pustulatum

LOXOSPOROPSIS Henssen
corallifera Brodo, Henssen & Imshaug

Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited

MACENTINA Vezda
dictyospora Orange (Will-Wolf 1998)

MARCHANDIOMYCES Diederich & D. Hawksw.
* corallinus (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Illosporium corallinum

MARONEA A. Massal.
carolinae H. Magn.
constans (Nyl.) Hepp
polyphaea H. Magn.
porinoidea Zahlbr. = Ramonia valenzueliana

MASONHALEA Kärnefelt
richardsonii (Hook.) Kärnefelt Syn.: Cetraria richardsonii

MASSALONGIA Körber
carnosa (Dickson) Körber
microphylliza (Nyl. ex Hasse) Henssen Syns.: Placynthium dubium, P. microphyllizum

MASTODIA Hook. f. & Harvey
tessellata Hook. f. & Harvey = Kohlmeyera complicatula

MAZOSIA A. Massal.
ocellata (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Platygrapha ocellata, Schismatomma ocellatum, Thelotrema carneum, Enterographa carnea

MEDUSULINA Müll. Arg.
nitida (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Graphis nitida
texana Müll. Arg.

MEGALARIA Hafellner
albocincta (Degel.) Tønsberg (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996) Syn.: Catinaria albocincta
brodoana S. Ekman & Tønsberg (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996)
columbiana (G. Merr.) S. Ekman (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996) Catillaria columbiana
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Hafellner Syns.: Catillaria grossa, Catinaria grossa, C. leucoplaca auct.
laureri (Th. Fr.) Hafellner (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996) Syns.: Catillaria laureri, Catinaria laureri
pulverea (Borrer) Hafellner & Schreiner Syn.: Catillaria pulverea

MEGALOSPORA Meyen
pachycheila (Tuck.) Sipman Syn.: Bombyliospora pachycheila
porphyritis (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Bombyliospora porphyritis
tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman Syn.: Bombyliospora tuberculosa
versicolor (Fée) Zahlbr. = Lopezaria versicolor

MEGASPORA (Clauz. & Roux) Hafellner & V. Wirth
verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth Syns.: Pachyospora verrucosa, P. mutabilis, Lecanora verrucosa, L. mutabilis (Ach.) Nyl.non Sommerf., L. urceolata, Pertusaria freyi

MELANARIA Erichsen = PERTUSARIA
macounii Lamb = Pertusaria macounii

MELANELIA Essl.
agnata (Nyl.) Thell Syn.: Cetraria agnata
albertana (Ahti) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia albertana
commixta (Nyl.) Thell Syn.: Cetraria commixta, C. fahlunensis
culbersonii (Hale) Thell Syn.: Cetraria culbersonii
disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl. Syns.: Parmelia granulosa, P. disjuncta, P. denalii
elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia elegantula
exasperata (De Not.) Essl. Syns.: Parmelia exasperata, P. aspera, P. aspidota
exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia exasperatula
fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia glabratula
glabra (Schaerer) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia glabra
glabroides (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia glabroides
halei (Ahti) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia halei
hepatizon (Ach.) Thell Syn.: Cetraria hepatizon, C. polyschiza
infumata (Nyl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia infumata
multispora (A. Schneider) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia multispora
olivacea (L.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia olivacea
olivaceoides (Krog) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia olivaceoides
panniformis (Nyl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia panniformis
septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia septentrionalis
sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti Syns.: Parmelia sorediosa, P. sorediata
stygia (L.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia stygia
subargentifera (Nyl.) Essl. Syns.: Parmelia subargentifera, P. conspurcata
subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia subaurifera
subelegantula (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia subelegantula
subolivacea (Nyl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia subolivacea
tominii (Oksner) Essl. Syns.: Parmelia substygia, P. saximontana
trabeculata (Ahti) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia trabeculata
villosella (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia villosella (Esslinger 2002c)
glabratula (Lamy) Essl. = M. fuliginosa
granulosa (Lynge) Essl. = M. disjuncta
incolorata (Parrique) Essl. = M. elegantula
sorediosa (Almb.) Essl. = M. sorediata
substygia (Räsänen) Essl. = M. tominii