A Cumulative Checklist for the Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and
Allied
Fungi of the Continental
This list consists of cumulative updates to the most recently published North American checklist by Esslinger and Egan (1995). The style and conventions for listings used there are also generally followed here. As in the published checklist, under each genus the accepted names are given first and are in boldface. Names considered to be synonyms are given in normal font only. Significant changes made since the previous online version are given in blue font. As before, the following symbols are used to indicate the lichenicolous fungi and other allied fungi:
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to lichens or lichenicolous fungi
# = various related fungi of uncertain status: i.e., those which are
questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic
when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature.
My intent is to update this list at regular intervals, usually about once each year, as changes accumulate in the literature. The purpose for putting this checklist on-line is twofold. First to provide users of the checklist with the most current updates and changes, and second to provide the opportunity for (indeed, to invite) comments and suggested corrections from all users and readers. I would especially appreciate being informed of any oversights or omissions, and although not all taxonomic or nomenclatural differences of opinion will be easily or immediately settled, any matters regarding such opinions that users would like to share will be welcomed and taken under consideration. Additions or changes appearing in this on-line version of the checklist represent reports in the literature, and their presence here does not necessarily imply acceptance, tacit or otherwise, by the author. Some of these changes will likely be changed again before another hard copy of the checklist is published.
Please send comments to:
Dr. Theodore L. EsslingerSuggested Citation: Esslinger, T. L. 1997. A cumulative
checklist for the lichen-forming,
lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada.
Posted 1 December 1997, Most Recent Update 14 June 2005),
Previous versions of this on-line checklist are archived and available by clicking on the following:
Version
#1 (First Posted 1 December 1997)
Version
#2 (First Posted 17 February 1998)
Version
#3 (First Posted 22 June 1998)
Version
#4 (First Posted 19 July 1999)
Version
#5 (First Posted 15 May 2000)
Version
#6 (First Posted 26 February 2001)
Version
#7 (First Posted 27 August 2001)
Version #8 (First Posted 17 July 2002)
Version #9 (First Posted 2 March 2004)
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The genera are listed in alphabetical order, as are the lists of species
within each genus. Click on the following letters to advance to the
genera beginning with that letter:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
ABROTHALLUS De Not.
*bertianus De Not.
*bryoriarum Hafellner
*caerulescens Kotte (Diederich 2003)
*cetrariae Kotte (Goward et al. 1996)
*cladoniae R. Sant. & D. Hawksw.
*microspermus Tul. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*parmeliarum (Sommerf.)
*peyritschii (Stein) Kotte
*pezizicola Diederich & R. C.
Harris (Diederich 2003)
*prodiens (Harm.) Diederich & Hafellner
*suecicus (Kirschst.) Nordin (Diederich
2003)
*tulasnei M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth
2001) Possible synonym of A. caerulescens? (Diederich 2003)
*usneae Rabenh. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*welwitschii Tul.
*oxysporus Tul. = Phacopsis oxyspora
*usneae auct. non Rabenh. = Lichenostigma maureri
ABSCONDITELLA Vezda
lignicola Vezda & Pisut (Nash et al. 1998)
sphagnorum Vezda & Poelt
trivialis (Willey ex Tuck.) Vezda
ACANTHOTHECIS Clem.
abaphoides (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphina abaphoides
(Staiger & Kalb 1999)
aurantiaca (Müll.
intertexta (Müll.
ACAROSPORA A. Massal.
aeruginosa Hasse
albomarginata (Herre) G. Salisb. Syn.: Thelocarpon albomarginatum
amphibola Wedd. (possibly a synonym of A. smaragdula)
applanata H. Magn.
arenacea H. Magn.
asahinae H. Magn.
asperata H. Magn.
badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
bella
(Nyl.) Herre (Knudsen 2004b)
bullata Anzi
caesiofusca (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn.
californica Zahlbr.
canadensis H. Magn.
carnegiei Zahlbr.
cervina A. Massal.
cinereoalba (Fink) H. Magn.
citrina (Taylor) Zahlbr.
clauzadeana (Llimona) Casares & Hafellner Syn.: Biatorella
clauzadeana
coloradiana H. Magn.
complanata H. Magn.
desolata H. Magn.
dispersa H. Magn.
elevata H. Magn.
epilutescens Zahlbr. (Knudsen 2005a)
fuscata (Schrader) Arnold
fuscescens H. Magn.
gallica H. Magn.
geogena H. Magn.
glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körber
heppii (Nägeli ex Hepp) Nägeli ex Körber
heufleriana Körber
hilaris (Dufour) Hue
impressula Th. Fr.
instrata H. Magn.
interjecta H. Magn.
interposita H. Magn.
interspersa H. Magn.
macrospora (Hepp) Bagl.
molybdina (Wahlenb.) Trevisan
nevadensis H. Magn.
nigromarginata B. de Lesd.
nitida H. Magn.
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. nodulosa
obnubila H. Magn.
obpallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold
peliscypha Th. Fr.
peltastica Zahlbr.
pyrenopsoides H. Magn.
radicata H. Magn.
reagens Zahlbr.
rugulosa Körber
saepincola H. Magn.
scabrida Hedl. ex H. Magn.
schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal.
scotica Hue
sinopica (Wahlenb.) Körber
smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.
smaragdula var. lesdainii (Harm. ex A.L. Smith) H.
Magn. (Knudsen 2004a)
socialis H. Magn.
sparsa H. Magn.
stapfiana (Müll. Arg.) Hue
strigata (Nyl.) Jatta
subrufula (Nyl.) H. Oliv.
(McCune et al. 1997)
succedens H. Magn.
superfusa H. Magn.
tenebrica H. Magn.
terricola H. Magn.
thamnina (Tuck.) Herre
thelococcoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syns.:
Lecanora thelococcoides, L. pleiospora
thermophila Herre
tongleti Hue
tucsonensis H. Magn.
utahensis H. Magn.
veronensis A. Massal.
washingtonensis H. Magn.
albida H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
amabilis H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
amphibola Wedd. = A. smaragdula
arenosa Herre = Sarcogyne arenosa
boulderensis H. Magn. = A. badiofusca
cartilaginea H. Magn. = A. fuscata
chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
chrysops (Tuck.) H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
cineracea (Nyl.) Wedd. = misidentifications for North America
contigua H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
dissipata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
epilutescens Zahlbr. = A. schleicheri
erythrophora H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
evoluta H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
flava (Bellardi) Ach. = Pleopsidium flavum
geophila H. Magn. = A. geogena
glebosa (Flotow) Körber = A. oligospora
hassei Herre = A. smaragdula var. lesdainii (Knudsen
2004a)
immersa Fink = Myriospora immersa
incertula H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
intercedens H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
lapponica (Ach. ex Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Polysporina lapponica
montana H. Magn. = A. rugulosa
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. reagens Zahlbr. = A. reagens
novomexicana H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
obscura H. Magn. = A. complanata
ocellata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium flavum
particularis H. Magn. = A. smaragdula var. lesdainii
(Knudsen 2004a)
pleiospora (Nyl.) Hasse. = A. thelococcoides (Lendemer
2004a)
pleistospora (Nyl.) Hasse = A. thelococcoides
(Lendemer 2004a)
rhabarbarina Hue = A. schleicheri
rimulosa H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
rubicunda H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
rufescens (Ach.) Bausch = A. smaragdula
saxicola Fink = Glypholecia scabra
scabra (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Glypholecia scabra
squamulosa (Schrader) Trevisan = A. fuscata
squamulosa sensu Th. Fr. = A. macrospora
stenospora (Stizenb.) Hue = Lecanora stenospora
subalbida H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
subcontigua H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn. = Polysporina lapponica
texana H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
variegata H. Magn. = A. tongleti f. variegata
weldensis H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
xanthophana (Nyl.) Jatta = A. schleicheri
ACROCORDIA A. Massal.
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia cavata
conoidea (Fr.) Körber Syn.: Arthopyrenia conoidea
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. Syns.: Arthopyrenia gemmata, A.
alba, A. sphaeroides
megalospora (Fink) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
macrospora, A. finkii, Pyrenula megalospora
ACROSCYPHUS Léveillé
sphaerophoroides Léveillé
ACTINOGYRA Schol. = UMBILICARIA
muehlenbergii (Ach.) Schol. = Umbilicaria muehlenbergii
polyrrhiza (L.) Schol. = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza
ADELOCOCCUS Theissen & Sydow
*alpestris (Zopf) Theissen & Sydow
ADELOLECIA Hertel & Hafellner
kolaensis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea conferenda
pilati (Hepp) Hertel & Hafellner Syns.: Lecidea pilati, L.
lyngeana, L. subauriculata Lynge non B. de Lesd.
sonorae Hertel
(Hertel 2004)
AGONIMIA Zahlbr.
allobata (Stizenb.) P. James (Fryday 2001)
gelatinosa (Ach.) Brand & Diederich Syn.: Polyblastia gelatinosa
(Sérusiaux et al. 1999)
opuntiella (Buschardt & Poelt) Vezda (Lendemer 2004c)
tristicula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Polyblastia tristicula
AGRESTIA J. W. Thomson = ASPICILIA
cyphellata J. W. Thomson = Aspicilia hispida
hispida (Mereschk.) Hale & Culb. = Aspicilia hispida
AGYRIUM Fr.
+rufum (Pers.) Fr.
AGYROPHORA (Nyl.) Nyl. = UMBILICARIA
leiocarpa (DC.) Gyelnik = Umbilicaria leiocarpa
lyngei (Schol.) Llano = Umbilicaria lyngei
rigida (Du Rietz) Llano = Umbilicaria rigida
scholanderi Llano = Umbilicaria scholanderi
AHLESIA Fuckel = THELOCARPON
sphaerospora (H. Magn.) G. Salisb. = Thelocarpon sphaerosporum
AHTIANA Goward
aurescens (Tuck.) Thell & Randlane Syn.: Cetraria
aurescens (Thell et al. 1995)
pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
pallidula (Thell et al. 1995)
sphaerosporella (Müll. Arg.) Goward Syn.: Parmelia
sphaerosporella
ALECTORIA Ach.
fallacina Mot.
imshaugii Brodo & D. Hawksw.
lata (
nigricans (Ach.) Nyl.
ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal.
sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa
sarmentosa subsp. vexillifera (Nyl.) D.
Hawksw.
vancouverensis (Gyelnik) Gyelnik ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.
abbreviata (Müll.
achariana Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
altaica (Gyelnik) Räsänen = Bryoria nadvornikiana
ambigua Mot. = Bryoria trichodes subsp.
bicolor (Ehrh.) Nyl. = Bryoria bicolor
boryana Delise = A. nigricans
californica (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis Mot. = Bryoria trichodes subsp. trichodes
capillaris (Ach.) Crombie = Bryoria capillaris
cervinula Mot. = Bryoria cervinula
cetrariza Nyl. = Kaernefeltia californica
chalybeiformis (L.) Gray = Bryoria chalybeiformis
corneliae Gyelnik = Bryoria fremontii
delicata Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria trichodes subsp. trichodes
divergens (Ach.) Nyl. = Bryocaulon divergens
fremontii Tuck. = Bryoria fremontii
fuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
glabra Mot. = Bryoria glabra
haynaldii Gyelnik = misidentifications for
implexa (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Bryoria implexa
irvingii Llano = Bryoria nitidula
lanea auct. non (Hoffm.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
lanestris (Ach.) Gyelnik = Bryoria lanestris
luteola
minuscula (Nyl. ex
nadvornikiana Gyelnik = Bryoria nadvornikiana
nana Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria simplicior
nidulifera Norrlin = Bryoria furcellata
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
norstictica Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
oregana Tuck. = Nodobryoria oregana
positiva (Gyelnik) Mot. = Bryoria fuscescens
pseudofuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
pubescens (L.) R. Howe = Pseudephebe pubescens
setacea (Ach.) Mot. = Bryoria capillaris for North American records
simplicior (Vainio) Lynge = Bryoria simplicior
stigmata Bystrek = A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Gyelnik = Bryoria subcana
subdivergens E. Dahl = Nodobryoria subdivergens
subsarmentosa Stirton = A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
subtilis Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
tenerrima Mot. = Bryoria fremontii
tenuis E. Dahl = Bryoria tenuis
thrausta Ach. = Ramalina thrausta
tortuosa G. Merr. = Bryoria tortuosa
vexillifera (Nyl.) Stizenb. = A. sarmentosa subsp. vexillifera
virens auct. = Bryoria tortuosa for North American records
ALLANTOPARMELIA (Vainio) Essl.
almquistii (Vainio) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia almquistii
alpicola (Th. Fr.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia alpicola
sibirica (Zahlbr.) Essl. = misidentification for North America (personal
communication, Linda Geiser)
ALLARTHONIA (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
caesia Flotow = Arthonia caesia
ALLOCETRARIA Kurokawa & Lai
madreporiformis (Ach.) Kärnef. & Thell Syns.: Dactylina madreporiformis,
Dufourea madreporiformis (Kärnefelt & Thell 1996)
oakesiana (Tuck.) Randlane & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
oakesiana
cucullata (Bellardi) Randlane & Saag = Flavocetraria cucullata
nivalis (L.) Randlane & Saag = Flavocetraria nivalis
AMANDINEA M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrh.
adjuncta (Th. Fr.) Hafellner Syn.: Buellia adjuncta (Hafellner
2004c)
coniops (Wahlenb.) M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrh. Syn.:
Buellia coniops
cacuminum (Th. Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina
cacuminum (Mayrhofer & Sheard 2002)
dakotensis (H. Magn.) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Rinodina
dakotensis, R. finkii, R. inaequalis, R. pennsylvanica, R. subplumbea, R.
subpyriniformis. (Sheard & May 1997)
efflorescens (Müll.
langloisii Imshaug ex Marbach (Marbach 2000)
leucomela (Imshaug) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Buellia
leucoemela (Sheard & May 1997)
milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina milliaria
(Sheard & May 1997)
placodiomorpha (Vainio) Marbach Syn: Buellia placodiomorpha
(Marbach 2000)
polyspora (Willey) E. Lay & P. May Syn.: Buellia polyspora
(Sheard & May 1997)
punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. Syn.: Buellia
punctata, B. myriocarpa, B. pullata
subduplicata (Vainio) Marbach (Marbach 2000)
submontana Marbach (Marbach 2000)
turgescens (Nyl.) Marbach (Marbach 2000) = Buellia
badia (Bungartz & Nash 2004c)
AMPHILOMA Nyl.
lanuginosum (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Leproloma membranaceum
AMYGDALARIA
consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel, Brodo & Mas. Inoue
continua Brodo & Hertel
elegantior (H. Magn.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Huilia
elegantior, Lecidea elegantior
haidensis Brodo & Hertel
panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Lecidea panaeola,
Huilia panaeola
pelobotryon (Wahlenb.) Norman Syns.: Lecanora pelobotrya,
Aspicilia pelobotrya, Lecidea pelobotrya, L. "pelobotrion"
subdissentiens (Nyl.) Mas. Inoue & Brodo
ANAMYLOPSORA Timdal
pulcherrima (Vainio) Timdal Syns.: Lecidea pulcherrima, Psora
pulcherrima
ANAPTYCHIA Körber
bryorum Poelt
elbursiana (Szatala) Poelt (Esslinger 2002a) Syn.: Physconia
thomsonii
isidiza Kurok. (Yoshimura & Sharp 1973)
palmulata (Michaux) Vainio
setifera Räsänen
ulotrichoides (Vainio) Vainio
appalachensis Kurok. = Heterodermia appalachensis
aquila (Ach.) A. Massal. North American records = A. palmulata
boryi (Feé) A. Massal. = Heterodermia boryi
casarettiana A. Massal. = Heterodermia casarettiana
chondroidea (W. A. Weber & D. D. Awasthi) Kurok. = Heterodermia chondroidea
ciliaris (L.) Körber = misidentifications for North America
comosa (Eschw.) A. Massal. North American records = Heterodermia galactophylla
corallophora (Taylor) Lynge = Heterodermia crocea (for North American records)
dendritica (Pers.) Vainio = Heterodermia dendritica
diademata (Taylor) Kurok. = Heterodermia diademata
domingensis (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia albicans
echinata (Taylor) Kurok. = Heterodermia echinata
erinacea (Ach.) Trevisan = Heterodermia erinacea
galactophylla (Tuck.) Trevisan = Heterodermia galactophylla
granulifera (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia granulifera
heterochroa Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia hypoleuca
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. var. colorata Zahlbr. = Heterodermia obscurata
kaspica Gyelnik = A. setifera
leucomela (L.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia leucomela
"leucomelaena" auct. = Heterodermia leucomela
major (Nyl.) Vainio = misidentifications for North America
neoleucomelaena Kurok. = Heterodermia boryi
obscurata (Nyl.) Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
"palmatula" auct. = A. palmulata
pseudospeciosa Kurok. = Heterodermia pseudospeciosa
pseudospeciosa Kurok. var. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Kurok. = Heterodermia
speciosa
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Heterodermia albicans
sorediifera (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz & Lynge = Heterodermia obscurata
speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal. = Heterodermia speciosa
squamulosa Degel. = Heterodermia squamulosa
stippaea (Ach.) Nádv. = A. bryorum
tropica Kurok. = Heterodermia tropica
ANEMA Nyl. ex Forss.
dodgei Herre
progidulum (Nyl.) Henssen (Schultz 2002a)
jenisejensis H. Magn. = misidentification for
ANISOMERIDIUM (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy
albisedum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis albiseda
ambiguum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia ambigua,
Ditremis ambigua
anisolobum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot Syns.: Arthopyrenia anisoloba,
Ditremis anisoloba
aureopunctatum R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis macrospora R. C.
Harris non Makhija & Patwardhan (Harris 1995a)
biforme (Borrer) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia biformis, A.
parvula, A. conformis auct. N. Am., Ditremis biformis
biformoides R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
carinthiacum (Steiner) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
carinthiaca, A. dimidiata, Ditremis carinthiaca
distans (Willey) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia distans,
Ditremis distans
excaecariae (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: A. sanfordense,
Ditremis sanfordensis (Harris 1995a)
finkii (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis finkii
(Harris 1995a)
griffinii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
leucochlorum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia
leucochlora, Ditremis leucochlora
[Ditremis macrospora R. C. Harris]
phaeospermum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr Syns.: Ditremis
nyssigena, Arthopyrenia willeyana (Barr et al. 1996)
quadricoccum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a, Aptroot et al. 1997)
quaternarium (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis
quaternaria (Harris 1995a)
subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
subprostans, Ditremis subprostans.
tamarindi (Fée) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tamarindi.
terminatum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis terminata,
Pleurotrema anacardi (Harris 1995a)
tuckerae R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tuckerae.
feeanum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = A. anisolobum
juistense (Erichsen) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
nyssigenum (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
sanfordense (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium excaecariae
ANOMOMORPHA Nyl.
turbulenta (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Graphis turbulenta (Staiger 2002)
ANTHRACOTHECIUM Hampe ex A. Massal.
canellae-albae (Fée) Müll. Arg.
nanum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Pleurotheliopsis nana, (?)
P. australiensis, Parmentaria nana
prasinum (Eschw.) R. C. Harris
staurosporum (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr.
subglobosum Riddle
varians R. C. Harris
corticatum Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula corticata
falsarium Zahlbr. = Pyrenula falsaria
leucostomum (Ach.) Malme = Pyrenula leucostoma
libricola (Fée) Müll. Arg. North American records are probably
misidentifications.
maculare Zahlbr. = Pyrenula macularis
mucosum (Vainio) Zahlbr. North American reports are probably
misidentifications.
ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula ochraceoflavens
ochraceoflavum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula ochraceoflava
pauciloculare Herre = identity uncertain
pyrenuloides (Mont.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula pyrenuloides
thelomorphum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula thelomorpha
ANZIA Stizenb.
americana Yoshim. & Sharp
colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb.
ornata (Zahlbr.) Asah.
ANZINA Scheid.
carneonivea (Anzi) Scheid. (Goward et al. 1996)
APATOPLACA Poelt & Hafellner = CALOPLACA
oblongula (H. Magn.) Poelt & Hafellner = Caloplaca oblongula
ARCTOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & Thell
andrejevii (Oksner) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
andrejevii, C. simmonsii
nigricascens (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
nigricascens, C. elenkinii, C. sibirica
ARCTOMIA Th. Fr.
delicatula Th. Fr.
interfixa (Nyl.) Vainio
ARCTOPARMELIA Hale
centrifuga (L.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia centrifuga, P.
aleuritica, Xanthoparmelia centrifuga
incurva (Pers.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia incurva, Xanthoparmelia
incurva
separata (Th. Fr.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia separata, P. birulae
var. grumosa, Xanthoparmelia separata
subcentrifuga (Oksner) Hale Syns.: Parmelia subcentrifuga,
Xanthoparmelia subcentrifuga
aleuritica (Nyl.) Hale = A. centrifuga
ARCTOPELTIS Poelt
thuleana Poelt
ARRHENIA Fries
*peltigerina (Peck) Rehead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syn.: Omphalina peltigerina (Redhead et al. 2002)
ARTHONIA Ach.
albofuscescens Tuck.
albovirescens Nyl.
aleuromela Nyl.
*anjutii S. Kondr. & Alstrup (Kondratyuk 1996)
apatetica (A. Massal.) Th. Fr.
arthonioides (Ach.) A. L. Sm.
asteriscus Müll. Arg.
atomaria (Lynge) R. Kilias
atrata (Fée) Müll. Arg.
bisepta Degel.
byssacea (Weigel) Almq.
caesia (Flotow) Körber Syn.: Allarthonia caesia
caribea (Ach.) A. Massal.
caudata Willey
*ceracea Etayo & Breuss (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
chiodectella Nyl.
cinereopruinosa Schaerer
cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr.
*clemens (Tul.) Th. Fr.
complanata Fée
conferta (Fée) Nyl.
cupressina Tuck.
cytisi A. Massal.
didyma Körber
diffusa Nyl.
diffusella Fink
dispersa (Schrader) Nyl.
dispersula Nyl.
eckfeldtii Müll. Arg.
*epimela (Almq.) Lamb (Goward et al. 1996)
epipastoides Nyl.
*epiphyscia Nyl.
erubescens Willey
erupta Nyl.
excedens Nyl.
exilis (Flörke) Anzi
*farinacea (H. Olivier) R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
fissurina Nyl.
floridana Willey
fuliginosa (Schaerer) Flotow
*fuscopurpurea (Tul.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
galactitella Nyl.
glebosa Tuck.
granosa B. de Lesd.
gyalectoides Müll. Arg.
hamamelidis Nyl.
helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. (Harris 1977)
hypobela (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
ilicina Taylor
impallens Nyl.
incarnata Th. Fr. ex Almq.
infectans Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
*intexta Almq.
lapidicola (Taylor) Branth & Rostrup
lecanactidea Zahlbr.
lecideella Nyl.
*lethariicola Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
leucastraea Tuck.
leucopellaea (Ach.) Almq.
*linitae R. Sant. (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
luridoalba Nyl.
madreana Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
mediella Nyl.
microspermella Willey
*molendoi (Frauenf.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
muscigena Th. Fr. Syn.: Bryostigma leucodontis
neoni B. de Lesd.
*nephromaria (Nyl.) Nyl. ex H. Olivier
ochrocincta Willey
ochrodiscodes Nyl.
ochrolutea Nyl.
palmulacea (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
patellulata Nyl.
*peltigerina (Almq.) H. Olivier
perminuta Willey
phaeobaea (Norman) Norman
pinastri Anzi
platygraphidea Nyl.
platyspilea Nyl.
polygramma Nyl.
polymorpha Ach.
pruinata (Pers.) A. L. Sm.
pruinosella Nyl.
pruinosula Nyl.
punctiformis Ach.
pyrrhuliza Nyl.
quintaria Nyl.
radiata (Pers.) Ach.
ravenelii Tuck.
reniformis (Pers.) Ach.
rhoidis Zahlbr.
rubella (Fée) Nyl.
rupicola Fink
sexlocularis Zahlbr.
siderea Degel.
spadicea Leighton
stellaris Kremp.
stictella Stizenb.
subastroidella Nyl.
subdiffusa Willey
subdispuncta Nyl.
*subfuscicola (Lindsay) Triebel
subminutissima Nyl.
subminutula Nyl.
subrubella Nyl.
taedescens Nyl.
terrigena Nyl.
tetramera (Stizenb.) Hasse
torulosa Fée
tuckermaniana Willey
varia (Ach.) Nyl.
*varians (Davies) Nyl. Syn.: Celidium varians (Zhurbenko &
Laursen 2003)
vernans Willey
vinosa Leighton
viridicans Willey
xylographica Nyl.
alba Müll. Arg. = a Stirtonia sp.
aspersa Leighton = A. arthonioides
atractospora Zahlbr. = erroneous listing for Arthopyrenia atractospora
carneorufa Willey = Catillaria erysiboides
convexella Nyl. = a non-lichenized fungus (Mycoporum sp.?)
fusca (A. Massal.) Hepp = A. lapidicola
glaucescens Nyl. = Schismatomma glaucescens
glaucomaria (Nyl.) Nyl. = A. varians
gregaria (Weigel) Körber = A. cinnabarina
gregarina Willey = Coniarthonia gregarina
impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer = A. pruinata
leucodontis (Poelt & Döbb.) Coppins = A. muscigena
lurida Ach. nom. rej. = A. spadicea
melaspora Tuck. = Sporostigma melaspora (Grube 2001)
pyrrhula Nyl. = Coniarthonia pyrrhula
tumidula (Ach.) Ach. = A. cinnabarina
willeyi Tuck. = A. diffusa (Lendemer 2004a)
ARTHOPHACOPSIS Hafellner
*parmeliarum Hafellner (Diederich 2003, Zhurbenko &
Laursen 2003)
ARTHOPYRENIA A. Massal.
+analepta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Harris 1995a, Aptroot
2002a) Syn.: Polyblastiopsis fallax
cerasi (Schrader) A. Massal.
cinchonae (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
cinereopruinosa (Schaerer) A. Massal.
confluens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
degelii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
esenbeckiana (Fée) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
exasperata R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
lyrata R. C. Harris
majuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
malaccitula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
minor R. C. Harris
oblongens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
planorbis (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
plumbaria (Stizenb.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Porina plumbaria,
Pyrenula herrei
punctiformis (Stizenb.) R.C. Harris (Aptroot 2002a)
rappii Zahlbr.
rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Aptroot 2002a)
taxodii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
*texensis (Cooke) D. Hawksw.
affinis (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris = Strigula affinis North American records are
S. jamesii
alba (Schrader) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
ambigua Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium ambiguum
anacardii Vainio = Anisomeridium terminatum
analeptella (Nyl.) Arnold = misidentifications for North America
anisoloba Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium anisoloba
antecellens (Nyl.) Arnold = Mycoporum antecellens
atomarioides Müll. Arg. = Naetrocymbe atomarioides, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
atractospora Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atractospora, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
bifera Zahlbr. = A. malaccitula
biformis (Borrer) A. Massal. = Anisomeridium biforme
carinthiaca J. Steiner = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris = Acrocordia cavata
conformis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North America, mostly
Anisomeridium biforme
conoidea (Fr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia conoidea
dimidiata Fink = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
distans (Willey) Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium distans
epidermidis (DC.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
faginea (Schaerer) Swinscow = Strigula stigmatella
fallax (Nyl.) Arnold = A. analepta
finkii Zahlbr. = Acrocordia megalospora
floridana Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atomarioides, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
fraxini A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe fraxini, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming
(Harris 1995a)
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. = Acrocordia gemmata
halodytes (Nyl.) Arnold = Pyrenocollema halodytes
hyalospora (Nyl.) Fink = Lithothelium hyalosporum
lapponina Anzi = A. analepta
leucochlora Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium leucochlorum
macrocarpa (Körber) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America
macrospora Fink = Acrocordia megalospora
megalospora Lonnr. = Naetrocymbe megalospora, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
mycoporoides Müll. Arg. = Mycoporum mycoporoides
padi Rabenh. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming
(Harris 1995a)
parvula Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium biforme
pinicola (Hepp) A. Massal. = A. cinereopruinosa
prospersella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenocollema prospersella
punctiformis (Pers.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis. to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Polymeridium quinqueseptatum
rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. = misidentifications for North America
salicis A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe ?, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming
(Harris 1995a)
sanfordensis Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium excaecariae
sphaeroides (Wallr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
sublitoralis (Leighton) Arnold = Pyrenocollema sublitorale
submuriformis R. C. Harris = Strigula submuriformis
subprostans (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium subprostans
subpunctiformis Nyl. = A. atomarioides
tenuis R. C. Harris = Strigula americana
tichothecioides Arnold = Pyrenocollema tichothecioides
willeyana R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium polypori
ARTHOTHELIUM A. Massal.
abnorme (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
adveniens Nyl.
albovirescens (Nyl.) Fink
anastomosans (Ach.) Arnold
distendens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
interveniens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
macounii (G. Merr.) W. Noble
macrothecum (Fée) A. Massal.
orbilliferum (Almq.) Hasse
pruinascens Zahlbr.
ruanum (A. Massal.) Körber
sanguineum (Willey) Zahlbr.
spectabile A. Massal.
subcyrtodes (Willey) Hasse
taediosum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
violascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
gregarinum (Willey) Zahlbr. = Coniarthonia gregarina
ilicinum (Taylor) P. James = Arthonia ilicina
ruanideum (Nyl.) Arnold = A. ruanum
ARTHRORHAPHIS Th. Fr.
*aeruginosa R. Sant. & Tønsberg
alpina (Schaerer) R. Sant. Syn.: Bacidia alpina
citrinella (Ach.) Poelt Syn.: Bacidia citrinella, B.
flavovirescens
#grisea Th. Fr. Syn.: Lahmia fueistingii
ARTHROSPORUM A. Massal.
populorum A. Massal. Syns.: Bacidia populorum, B. acclinis
accline (Flotow) A. Massal. = A. populorum
ASAHINEA Culb. & C. Culb.
chrysantha (Tuck.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
chrysantha
scholanderi (Llano) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
scholanderi
ASPICILIA A. Massal.
albomarginata B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora albomarginata
[Lecanora albopruinosa Looman]
alboradiata (H. Magn.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora alboradiata
aliena (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora aliena
americana B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora americana
annulata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora annulata
anseris (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Synonym: Lecanora anseris
aquatica Körber Syn.: Lecanora aquatica
arctica (Lynge) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora arctica
caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold Syn.: Lecanora
caesiocinerea
caesiopruinosa (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora
caesiopruinosa
calcarea (L.) Mudd Syn.: Lecanora calcarea
californica Rosentreter (Rosentreter 1998)
candida (Anzi) Hue Syn.: Lecanora candida
cinerea (L.) Körber Syn.: Lecanora cinerea
cingulata (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora cingulata
composita (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora composita
concinna (J. W. Thomson) J. W. Thomson (Thomson 1997)
contigua (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. Syn.: Lecanora contorta
desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. Syn.: Lecanora desertorum
disserpens (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora disserpens
elevata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora elevata
filiformis Rosentreter (Rosentreter 1998)
fimbriata (H. Magn.) Clauzade & Rondon Syn.: Lecanora
fimbriata
fruticulosa (Eversm.) Flagey
gibbosa (Ach.) Körber Syns.: Lecanora gibbosa, L. gibbosula
grisea Arnold (Fryday 2001)
hispida Mereschk. Syns.: Agrestia hispida, A. cyphellata
heteroplaca (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora heteroplaca
humboldtii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
karelica (H. Magn.) Oksner
laevata (Ach.) Arnold Syn.: Lecanora laevata
laxula (H. Magn.) Brodo
leprosescens (Sandst.) Hav.
lesleyana Darbish. Syn.: Lecanora lesleyana
limitata (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora limitata
mashiginensis (Zahlbr.) Oksner
mastoidea (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora mastoidea
mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. (Wetmore 1967, as Lecanora
mastrucata)
mazarina (Wahlenb.) R. Sant.
moenium (Vainio) Thor & Timdal
narssaquensis (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syns.: Lecanora basaltica,
L. narssaquensis
nathorstii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
nikrapensis Darbish. Syn.: Lecanora nikrapensis
nordlandica (H. Magn.) Degel.
novae-semliae (Zahlbr.) Oksner
pergibbosa (H. Magn.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora pergibbosa
perradiata (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Lecanora perradiata
pertusa (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora pertusa
plicigera (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora plicigera
polychroma Anzi Syn.: Lecanora polychroma
quartzitica W. A. Weber
reptans (Looman) Wetmore Syn.: Lecanora reptans
rolleana Hue Syn.: Lecanora rolleana
rosulata Körber Syn.: Lecanora rosulata
ryrkaipiae (H. Magn.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora ryrkaipiae
sorediza (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
sublapponica (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora sublapponica
submersa (Lamy) Hue
subplicigera (H. Magn.) Oksner
subradians (Nyl.) Hue Syns.: Lecanora stygioplaca, L.
subradiascens, L. subradians
supertegens Arnold Syn.: Lecanora supertegens
[Lecanora tenuis H. Magn.]
verrucigera Hue Syn.: Lecanora verrucigera
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia alphoplaca
alpina (Sommerf.) Arnold = Bellemerea alpina
bennettii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson = A. mashiginensis
cinereorufescens (Ach.) A. Massal. = Bellemerea cinereorufescens
diamarta (Ach.) Boistel = Bellemerea diamarta
excavata Thor & Timdal = A. moenium
flavida (Hepp) Rehm = Eiglera flavida
lacustris (With.) Th. Fr. = Ionaspis lacustris
melanaspis (Ach.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia melanaspis
melinodes Körber = Porpidia melinodes
myrinii (Fr.) Stein = Aspilidea myrinii
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
praeradiosa (Nyl.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia praeradiosa
radiosa (Hoffm.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia radiosa
sanguinea Kremp. = Bellemerea sanguinea
stygioplaca (Nyl.) Hue = A. subradians
subradiascens (Nyl.) Hue = A. subradians
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. = Bellemerea subsorediza
ASPIDOTHELIUM Vainio
fugiens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
ASPILIDEA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
myrinii (Fr.) Hafellner
ASTEROPHOMA D. Hawksw.
*mazaediicola D. Hawksw.
ASTEROTHYRIUM Müll. Arg.
decipiens (Rehm) R. Sant.
leucophthalmum (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
rotuliforme (Mull. Arg.) Sérus. Syns.: Gyalectidium rotuliforme,
Lopadiopsis floridana
ASTROTHELIUM Eschw.
cinnamomeum (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
confusum Müll. Arg.
diplocarpum Nyl. (Harris 1995a)
galbineum Kremp.
variolosum (Ach.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Trypethelium catervarium
versicolor Müll. Arg.
conicum auct. = A. cinnamomeum
conicum Eschw. = (?) type not found
ochrothelizum Müll. Arg. = A. galbineum
ATHELIA Pers.
*arachnoidea (Berk.) Jülich
(Haffelner et al. 2002)
+epiphylla Pers.
poeltii Jülich
AULAXINA Fée
microphana (Vainio) R. Sant.
quadrangula (Stirton) R. Sant.
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
BACHMANNIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
*uncialicola (Zopf) D. Hawksw.
BACIDIA De Not.
absistens (Nyl.) Arnold
aggregatula Malme
arceutina (Ach.) Arnold
[Bilimbia artyta (Ach.) Fink]
auerswaldii (Hepp ex Stizenb.) Mig.
augustinii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here, correct placement
uncertain (Ekman 1996)
bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta
beckhausii Körber = misplaced here? (Ekman 1996)
biatorina (Körber) Vainio
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.
campalea (Tuck.) S. Ekman & Kalb
circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vainio) Malme
coruscans S. Ekman
(Ekman 2004a)
diffracta S. Ekman
flavens (Willey) Zahlbr. = a species of Lecania (Ekman 1996)
friesiana (Hepp) Körber
granosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here? (Ekman 1996)
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio
helicospora S. Ekman
herbarum (Stizenb.) Arnold
heterochroa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
hostheleoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
igniarii (Nyl.) Oksner
illudens (Nyl.) Lynge
insularis Zahlbr.
ioessa Herre = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
jacobi (Tuck.) Hasse = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996, 2004a)
kingmanii Hasse = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. subsp. laurocerasi
(Ekman 1996)
laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis (H. Magn.) S.
Ekman
medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) B. de Lesd. (Ekman 1996)
microcarpa (Th. Fr.) Lettau Syn.: Mycobilimbia microcarpa
(Ekman 1996)
mutabilis Malme
pammellii (Fink) Zahlbr.
polychroa (Th. Fr.) Körber
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here, correct placement
uncertain (Ekman 1996)
reagens Malme
rosella (Pers.) De Not.
rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal.
rubidofusca (Willey) Zahlbr. = possibly a species of Gyalidea
(Ekman 1996)
russeola (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
salmonea S. Ekman
saxicola Looman = misplaced, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneider
scopulicola (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.
siberiensis (Willey) Zahlbr.
subgranulosa (Tuck.) Riddle Erroneously listed as a synonym of
Phyllopsora canoumbrina in the checklist; possibly belongs to Psorella (Ekman
1996)
subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold
suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneider
trachona (Ach.) Lettau
veneta S. Ekman
(Ekman 2004a)
vermifera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (Ekman 1996)
viridifarinosa Coppins & P. James (Tønsberg 1997)
abbrevians (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = B. igniarii
abductans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = B. schweinitzii
accedens (Arnold) Lettau = Myxobilimbia accedens
accedens sensu Harris = unnamed species (Ekman 1996)
acclinis (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Arthrosporum populorum
affinis (Stizenb.) Vainio = B. subincompta
akompsa (Tuck.) Fink = a Lecanactis sp.
alaskensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Herteliana alaskensis
albescens (Kremp.) Zwackh = Bacidina phacodes, but misidentifications for N.A.
(Ekman 1996)
alpina (Schaerer) Vainio = Arthrorhaphis alpina
apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Bacidina apiahica
arnoldiana Körber = Bacidina arnoldiana
arthoniza (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lecidella stigmatea
assulata (Körber) Vezda = Bacidina assulata
atrogrisea (Delise ex Hepp) Körber = B. laurocerasi
aurantiaca Vezda = Fellhanera aurantiaca
bacillifera (Nyl.) Arnold = B. circumspecta
caloosensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. hostheleoides
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996,
Printzen 1995)
chlorantha (Tuck.) Fink = Ropalospora chlorantha
chlorococca (Stenh.) Lettau = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum
chlorosticta (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Micarea chlorosticta
citrinella (Ach.) Branth & Rostrup = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
clementis Hasse = Bactrospora patellarioides (Ekman 1996)
coprodes (Körber) Lettau = B. trachona
cuprea (A. Massal.) Lettau = Lecania cuprea (Ekman 1996)
cupreorosella (Nyl.) A. Schneider = Lecania cuprea
declinis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Catillaria nigroclavata
dryina (Ach.) Fink = Bactrospora dryina
effusa auct. = B. assulata
egenula (Nyl.) Arnold = Bacidina egenula
egenuloidea Fink = Bacidina egenuloidea
endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr. = Micarea endocyanea
endoleuca auct. = B. laurocerasi
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Lettau = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996)
flavovirescens (Dickson) Anzi = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
floridana (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera floridana
fusca (A. Massal.) Du Rietz = Mycobilimbia tetramera
fuscorubella (Ach.) Bausch = B. polychroa
globulosa (Flörke) Hafellner & V. Wirth = Biatora
globulosa
gyalectiformis (Zahlbr.) Hasse = Ramonia ablephora
gyalizella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pachphiale gyalizella
hegetschweileri auct. = B. vermifera (Ekman 1996)
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio = B. subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold (Ekman 1996)
herrei Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
hypnophila (Turner ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = Bacidia sabuletorum, but not present in
N. America
idahoensis H. Magn. = B. laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis
incompta (Borrer ex Hook.) Anzi = misidentifications for North America
inundata (Fr.) Körber = Bacidina inundata
leucophyllina (Nyl.) Fink = misidentifications for North America
lignaria (Ach.) Lettau = Micarea lignaria
lugubris (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Ropalospora lugubris
luteola "(Ach.) Mudd" = B. rubella
meadii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Byssoloma meadii
melaena (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Micarea melaena
microphyllina auct. = Phyllopsora corallina var. santensis
microphyllina (Tuck.) Riddle = misidentifications for North America
minuscula Anzi = B. beckhausii
molybditis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. medialis
muscorum (Sw.) Mudd = B. bagliettoana
naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr. = Lecania naegelii
nivalis Follmann = Stereocaulon nivale
obscurata (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia tetramera
pallens (Kullhem) Zahlbr. = Cliostomum pallens (Ekman 1997)
phacodes auct. N. Am. = Bacidina californica, in part
populorum (A. Massal.) Trevisan = Arthrosporum populorum
rubricosa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
sabuletorum (Schreber) Lettau = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum
sphaeroides (Dickson) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia pilularis
sphaeroides auct. non (Dickson) Zahlbr. = B. carneoalbida
stigmatella (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Lecania stigmatella
subfuscula (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Lecania subfuscula
tetramera (De Not.) Coppins = Mycobilimbia tetramera
trisepta (Hellbom) Zahlbr. = Micarea peliocarpa
umbrina (Ach.) Bausch = Scoliciosporum umbrinum
verecundula (Th. Fr.) = misidentification for North America (Ekman 1996)
BACIDINA Vezda
aenea S. Ekman
apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia apiahica
arnoldiana (Körber) Wirth & Vezda Syn.: Bacidia arnoldiana
assulata (Körber) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia assulata, B. effusa
californica S. Ekman
chloroticula (Nyl.) Vezda & Poelt (Ekman 1996)
crystallifera S. Ekman
egenula (Nyl.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia egenula
egenuloidea (Fink) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia egenuloidea
inundata (Fr.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia inundata
neosquamulosa (Aptroot & van Herk) S. Ekman (Ekman 2004b)
ramea S. Ekman
squamellosa S. Ekman
varia S. Ekman
phacodes (Körber) Vezda = Bacidina californica, in
part, for N.A. records
BACTROSPORA A. Massal.
acicularis (C. W. Dodge) Egea & Torrente (Egea et al. 2004a)
brevispora R.C. Harris
brodoi Egea & Torrente
denticulata (Vainio) Egea & Torrente
dryina (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Bacidia dryina
lamprospora (Nyl.) Lendemer Syns.: Gyalecta lamprospora, Melampylidium
macrosporum (Lendemer 2004a)
mesospora R.C. Harris
myriadea (Fée) Egea & Torrente
patellarioides (Nyl.) Vainio Syns.: Lecanactis patellarioides,
Bacidia clementis
spiralis Egea & Torrente
integrispora Seaver = B. denticulata (Harris 1995a)
macrospora R.C. Harris = B. lamprospora
nematospora R.C. Harris = B. myriadea
BACULIFERA Marbach & Kalb
curtisii (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia curtisii (Marbach 2000)
imshaugiana (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia imshaugiana
(Marbach 2000)
BAEOMYCES Pers.
carneus Flörke
placophyllus Ach.
rufus (Hudson) Rebent.
absolutus Tuck. = Dibaeis absoluta
fungoides (Sw.) Ach. North American reports are Dibaeis baeomyces
roseus Pers. = Dibaeis baeomyces
BATHELIUM Ach. (Harris 1995a)
carolinianum (Tuck.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Trypethelium carolinianum
madreporiforme (Eschw.) Trevisan (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Laurera
madreporiformis
BELLEMEREA Hafellner & Cl. Roux
alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.: Lecanora
alpina, Aspicilia alpina
cinereorufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.:
Aspicilia cinereorufescens, Lecanora cinereorufescens
diamarta (Ach.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux Syn.: Aspicilia
diamarta
sanguinea (Kremp.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux Syns.: Aspicilia
sanguinea, Lecanora sanguinea
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. Syns.: Lecidea subsorediza,
Aspicilia subsorediza
BELONIA Körber ex Nyl.
russula Körber ex Nyl.
americana Fink ex Hedr. = Robergea pupula, but excluded as a non-lichen
fennica Vainio = B. russula
BIATORA Fr.
aegrefaciens Printzen (Printzen et al. 2002)
alaskana Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
botryosa Fr. (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea botryosa
chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen in V. Wirth (Printzen 1995)
chrysanthoides Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen &
Tønsberg 2003)
cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr. Syn.: Lecidea cuprea
efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea
efflorescens, L. epixanthoidiza
fallax Hepp (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
flavopunctata (Tønsberg) Hinteregger & Printzen Syn.:
Lecanora flavopunctata
globulosa (Flörke) Fr. Syns.:
Bacidia globulosa, Catillaria globulosa, Lecidea globulosa, L. sylvana
(Printzen 2004a)
helvola Körber ex Hellbom (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea
helvola
hypophaea Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
1999)
longispora (Degel.) Lendemer & Printzen Syn.: Lecidea helvola var. longispora
(Lendemer 2004b)
meiocarpa (Nyl.) Arnold Syn.: Lecidea meiocarpa, L. minuta
nobilis Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
pausiaca Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
2003)
pontica Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2003)
porphyrospoda Anzi Syn.: Lecidea porphyrospoda
printzenii Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2002)
rufidula (Graewe) S. Ekman & Printzen (Printzen &
Tønsberg 1999)
subduplex (Nyl.) Printzen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea
subduplex, L.apochroeiza, L. internectens
toensbergii Holien & Printzen (Printzen & Tønsberg
1999)
turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. Syn.: L. turgidula
vacciniicola (Tønsberg) Printzen (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea
vacciniicola
vernalis (L.) Fr. Syn.: Lecidea vernalis
albohyalina (Nyl.) Bagl. & Carestia = Lecidea albohyalina (Printzen &
Tønsberg 1999)
anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner = Hypocenomyce anthracophila
botryosa Fr. (Printzen 1995) = Hertelidea botryosa
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996,
Printzen 1995)
cladoniscum Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
meadii Tuck. = Byssoloma meadii
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Diederich = Mycobilimbia epixanthoides
papillariae Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
pullata Norman = Lecidea amaurospoda
russellii Tuck. = Psora russellii
sphaeroides (Dickson) Körber = Mycobilimbia pilularis
BIATORELLA De Not.
cyphalea (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
floridensis H. Magn.
hemisphaerica Anzi
nannaria (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (Fink 1935)
plicata (H. Magn.) Zahlbr.
rappii Zahlbr.
albidula (Willey) Zahlbr. = Myrionora albidula
campestris (Fr.) Almq. = Sarcosagium campestre
clavus (DC.) Th. Fr. = Sarcogyne clavus
clauzadeana Llimona & Vezda = Acarospora clauzadeana
conspersa (Fèe) Vainio = Piccolia conspersa
fossarum (Dufour ex Fr.) Th. Fr. = B. hemisphaerica for North American records
hypophaea (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss. = Sarcogyne privigna
kulshanensis Herre = a Sarcogyne sp.
microhaema Norman = Strangospora microhaema
moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Strangospora moriformis
ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold = Strangospora ochrophora
pruinosa "(Körber) Mudd" = Sarcogyne regularis
+ resinae (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Sarea resinae
simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup = Polysporina simplex
terrena Hasse Identity uncertain
testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal. = Sporastatia testudinea
BIATOROPSIS Räsänen
*usnearum Räsänen
BIATORIDIUM J. Lahm
delitescens (Arnold) Hafellner (Ekman 1996)
BILIMBIA De Not. = MYCOBILIMBIA
caudata (Nyl.) Fink = Ropalospora lugubris
gyalectiformis Zahlbr. = Ramonia ablephora
pammellii Fink = Bacidia granosa (Ekman 1996)
tricholoma (Mont.) Fink = Byssoloma tricholomum
BISPORA Fuckel
*lichenum Diederich (Cole & D. Hawksw. 2001)
*christiansenii D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998) = Intralichen
christiansenii
BLASTENIA A. Massal. = CALOPLACA
diphasia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = a Caloplaca diphasia
novomexicana Fink = a Caloplaca sp.
rubrofusca B. de Lesd. = a Caloplaca sp.
BOMBYLIOSPORA De Not. ex A. Massal. = MEGALOSPORA
domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. = Letrouitia domingensis
pachycheila (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Megalospora pachycheila
porphyritis (Tuck.) A. Massal. = Megalospora porphyritis
tuberculosa (Fée) De Not. = Megalospora tuberculosa
vulpina (Nyl.) J. M. Burgess = nom. inval. = Letrouitia vulpina
BOTRYDINA Bréb. = LICHENOMPHALIA
botryoides (L.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
luteovitellina (Pilát & Nannf.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia
alpina
velutina (Quélet) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia velutina
viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
vulgaris Bréb. sens. str. = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
BOTRYOLEPRARIA Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea &
Llimona
lesdainii (Hue) Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea &
Llimona Syn.: Lepraria lesdainii (Canals et al. 1997)
BOTTARIA A. Massal. = MYCOPORUM Flotow ex Nyl.
cruentata Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula cruentata
BRIGANTIAEA Trevisan
fuscolutea (Dickson) R. Sant. Syn.: Lopadium fuscoluteum
leucoxantha (Sprengel) R. Sant. & Hafellner Syn.: Lopadium
leucoxanthum
praetermissa Hafellner & St. Clair (Hafellner 1997)
purpurata (Zahlbr.) Hafellner & Bellem. (Goward et al. 1996) = B.
praetermissa (Hafellner 1997)
BRODOA Goward
oroarctica (Krog) Goward Syn.: Hypogymnia oroarctica.
atrofusca (Schaerer) Goward Syns.: Hypogymnia atrofusca, Parmelia atrofusca.
North American reports are probably misidentifications of Brodoa
oroarctica(Krog) Goward.
intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward Syns.: Hypogymnia intestiniformis, H. encausta,
Parmelia intestiniformis, P. encausta. North American reports are
misidentifications of Brodoa oroarctica (Krog) Goward.
BRYOCAULON Kärnefelt
divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt Syns.: Cornicularia divergens,
Coelocaulon divergens
pseudosatoanum (Asah.) Kärnefelt Syn.: Cornicularia
pseudosatoana
BRYONORA Poelt
castanea (Hepp) Poelt Syn.: Lecanora castanea
curvescens (Mudd) Poelt Syn.: Lecania curvescens
pruinosa (Th. Fr.) Holtan-Hartwig
septentrionalis Holtan-Hartwig
BRYOPHAGUS Nitschke ex
gloeocapsa Nitschke ex
BRYOPOGON Link
negativus Gyelnik = Bryoria lanestris
pacificus Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
BRYORIA Brodo & D. Hawksw.
ambigua (Mot.) Bystr. & Fabiszewski (Bystrek &
Fabiszewski 1998)
bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria bicolor
capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
capillaris, A. setacea for North American records
carlottae Brodo & D. Hawksw.
cervinula Mot. ex Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
cervinula
chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
chalybeiformis
fabiszewskiana Bystr. (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
fremontii, A. corneliae, A. tenerrima
friabilis Brodo & D. Hawksw. (Holien, 1989, considers this
taxon to be a synonym of and conspecific with B. implexa)
furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
nidulifera, Cornicularia fibrillosa
furcellata subsp. hawksworthiana Bystr. &
Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
fuscescens, A. positiva, Bryopogon pacificus
glabra (Mot.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria glabra
implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
implexa (See notes under B. friabilis and B. pseudofuscescens)
lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
lanestris, Bryopogon negativus
nadvornikiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.:
Alectoria nadvornikiana, A. altaica
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
nitidula, A. irvingii, A. lanea auct.
pikei Brodo & D. Hawksw.
pseudocapillaris Brodo & D. Hawksw.
pseudofuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.:
Alectoria achariana, A. norstictica nom. nudum, A. subtilis nom.nudum (Holien,
1989, considers this taxon to be a synonym and conspecific with B. implexa)
salazinica Brodo & D. Hawksw.
simplicior (Vainio) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
simplicior, A. nana nom. nudum
spiralifera Brodo & D. Hawksw.
subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.:
Alectoria subcana
tenuis (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria tenuis
tortuosa (G. Merr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
tortuosa, A. virens for North American records
trichodes (Michaux) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. trichodes
Syns.: Alectoria canadensis, A. delicata nom. nudum
trichodes subsp.
trichodes subsp. brodoana Bystr. &
Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
trichodes subsp. canadensis (Mot.) Bystr.
& Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
abbreviata (Müll.
oregana (Tuck. ex Willey) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria oregana
setacea (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Not in
subdivergens (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria subdivergens
vrangiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. sens. str. is known only from
BRYOSCYPHUS Spooner
*lichenicola Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
BUELLIA De Not.
aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr.
arborea Coppins & Tønsberg (Tønsberg & McCune 2001)
arnoldii Servít & Nádv.
#badia (Fr.) A. Massal. Syn.:
Amandinea turgescens
bolacina Tuck.
calcariaecola B. de Lesd.
capitis-regum W. A. Weber
cedricola Werner (Nordin 1999)
christophii Bungartz (Bungartz et al. 2004a)
concinna Th. Fr. (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
conspirans (Nyl.) Vainio (Bungartz 2004)
crystallifera (Vainio) Hav. (Goward et al. 1996)
dispersa A. Massal.
eganii Bungartz (Bungartz
& Nash. 2004a)
elegans Poelt
epigaea (Pers.) Tuck.
erubescens Arnold
griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb.
halonia (Ach.) Tuck.
immersa Lynge
*imshaugii Hafellner
insignis (Naeg. ex Hepp) Th. Fr.
jugorum (Arnold) Arnold
lacteoidea B. de Lesd.
langloisii Imshaug ex Marbach (Marbach 2000)
lecanoroides H. Magn.
lepidastra (Tuck.) Tuck.
lepidastroidea Imshaug ex Bungartz (Bungartz 2004)
leptocline (Flotow) A. Massal.
maculata Bungartz (Bungartz 2004a)
mamillana (Tuck.) W. A. Weber Syn.: Rinodina mamillana
mexicana J. Steiner (Nordin 2000)
microbola (Tuck. ex Fink) Sheard Syn.: Rinodina microbola
muriformis A. Nordin & Tønsberg (Nordin 1999)
nantiana B. de Lesd.
nashii
Bungartz (Bungartz 2004)
navajoensis Bungartz (Bungartz 2004)
nigra (Fink) Sheard Syn.: Rinodina nigra
notabilis Lynge
occidentalis Lynge (Lepage 1972)
ocellata (Flotow) Körber
oidalea (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn.: Rhizocarpon oidaleum
papillata (Sommerf.) Tuck. Syn.: Buelliopsis papillata
prospersa (Nyl.) Riddle (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
pullata Tuck. (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
ryanii
Bungartz (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
schaereri De Not.
sequax
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bungartz et al. 2004b)
silicicola B. de Lesd.
smaragdula B. de Lesd.
spuria (Schaerer) Anzi
stellulata (Taylor) Mudd
stigmatea Körber
stillingiana J. Steiner
subaethalea B. de Lesd. (Bungartz & Nash 2004a)
subalbula (Nyl.) Müll Arg. (Bungartz & Nash 2004b)
subdispersa Mig. (Nordin 1999)
terricola A. Nordin (Nordin 1999)
tesserata Körber (Rico et al. 2003)
tolucae B. de Lesd. (Nordin 1999)
triphragmoides Anzi
triseptata A. Nordin (Nordin 1999)
tyrolensis Körber (Bungartz 2004)
uberior Anzi
vilis Th. Fr.
*adjuncta Th. Fr. (Esslinger & Egan 1995) = Amandinea
adjuncta
aethaleoides (Nyl.) H. Olivier = B. aethalea
alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = Diplotomma alboatrum
ambigua (Ach.) Malme = Diplotomma ambiguum
amphidexia Imshaug ex R. C. Harris = Endohyalina circumpallida
atrata (Sm.) Anzi = Orphniospora moriopsis
badioatra (Flörke ex Sprengel) Körber = Rhizocarpon badioatrum
bahiana Malme = Hafellia bahiana
blasteniospora Zahlbr. = Hafellia parastata
blumeri Zahlbr. = B. dispersa
callispora (C. Knight) J. Steiner = Hafellia callispora
caloosensis Tuck. = Gassicurtia catasema
canescens (Dickson) De Not. = Diploicia canescens
catasema (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia catasema
chlorophaea (Hepp ex Leighton) Lettau = Diplotomma chlorophaeum
coccinea (Fée) Aptroot = Gassicurtia coccinea
colludens (Nyl.) Arnold = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri
coniops (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. = Amandinea coniops
contermina Arnold = B. uberior
coracina (Nyl.) Körber = Orphniospora moriopsis
curatellae Malme = Hafellia curatellae
curtisii (Tuck.) Imshaug = Baculifera curtisii
dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck. = Chrismofulvea dialyta
disciformis (Fr.) Mudd = Hafellia disciformis
elizae (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia elizae
epipolia (Ach.) Mong. = Diplotomma epipolium
fimbriata (Tuck.) Imshaug = B. tesserata
geophila (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Lynge = Tetramelas geophila
glaucomarioidea Willey ex Tuck. = Dactylospora glaucomarioides
glaziouana (Kremp.) Müll. Arg. = B. mamillana
hassei Imshaug = B. griseovirens
imshaugiana R. C. Harris = Baculifera imshaugiana
*inquilina Tuck. = Dactylospora inquilina
isidians (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = excluded as doubtful
lauricassiae (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Cratiria lauricassiae
leucomela Imshaug = Amandinea leucomela
malmei Lynge = B. aethalea
maritima (A. Massal.) Bagl. = B. subalbula
melanochlora (Kremp.) Müll. Arg. = Cratiria
melanochlora
modesta (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.= Cratiria americana
moriopsis (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. = Orphniospora moriopsis
myriocarpa (DC.) De Not. = Amandinea punctata
nivalis (Bagl. & Car.) Hertel ex Hafellner = Diplotomma nivalis
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = B. tyrolensis
pachnidisca R. C. Harris = Gassicurtia subpulcella
parasema (Ach.) De Not. = Hafellia disciformis
penichra (Tuck.) Hasse = Diplotomma penichrum
pertusariicola Willey ex Tuck. = Dactylospora pertusariicola
pinastri Erichsen (Erichsen 1940) = Chrismofulvea pinastri
placodiomorpha Vainio = Amandinea placodiomorpha
polyspora (Willey) Vainio = Amandinea polyspora
pruinella Imshaug = B. fimbriata
pueblae B. de Lesd. = B. retrovertens
pulchella (Schrader) Tuck. = Catolechia wahlenbergii
pullata Tuck. = Amandinea punctata
pulverulenta (Anzi) Jatta = Diplotomma pulverulentum
punctata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. = Amandinea punctata
punctata var. polyspora (Willey) Fink = Amandinea polyspora
radiata Tuck. = Dimelaena radiata
rappii Imshaug ex R.C. Harris = Endohyalina rappii
retrovertens Tuck. = B. dispersa (Bungartz et al. 2002)
rinodinoides Anzi = misidentifications for North America
rinodinospora Riddle = Hafellia parastata
rubifaciens R.C. Harris = Chrismofulvea rubifaciens
saurina W. A. Weber = Rhizocarpon saurinum
saxicola B. de Lesd. = B. sequax
scabrosa (Ach.) A. Massal. = Epilichen scabrosus
semitensis Tuck. = B. concinna
stigmaea Tuck. = B. maculata
subpulcella Vainio = Gassicurtia subpulcella
tergestina J. Steiner & Zahlbr. = B. dispersa
thomae (Tuck.) Imshaug = B. mamillana
tucsonensis Zahlbr. = B. retrovertens
turgescens Tuck. = B. badia (Bungartz & Nash
2004c)
turgescentoides Fink = B. badia (Bungartz & Nash
2004c)
venusta (Körber) Lettau = Diplotomma ventusum
vernicoma (Tuck.) Tuck. = Gassicurtia vernicoma
verruculosa (Sm.) Mudd = B. aethalea
verruculosa auct. = B. ocellata
wahlenbergii (Ach.) Sheard = Catolechia wahlenbergii
wheeleri R. C. Harris = Ciposia wheeleri
zahlbruckneri J. Steiner = B. erubescens
BUELLIELLA Fink
*inops
(Triebel & Rambold) Hafellner
Syn.: Karschia inops (Hafellner
2004a)
*minimula (Tuck.) Fink
*physciicola Poelt & Hafellner (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*trypethelii (Tuck.) Fink
*inquilina (Tuck.) Fink = Dactylospora inquilina
*nuttallii (Calk. & Nyl.) Fink = Dactylospora lobariella
*parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Fink = Abrothallus parmeliarum
*saxatilis (Schaerer) Fink = Dactylospora saxatilis var. saxatilis
*usneae (Rabenh.) Fink = misidentification for
BUELLIOPSIS A. Schneider = BUELLIA
papillata (Sommerf.) Fink = Buellia papillata
vernicoma (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Buellia vernicoma
BULBOTHRIX Hale
confoederata (Culb.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia confoederata
coronata (Fée) Hale Syn.: Parmelia coronata
goebelii (Zenker) Hale Syn.: Parmelia goebelii, P. scortella,
P. njalensis
isidiza (Nyl.) Hale
laevigatula (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia laevigatula
BULLATINA Vezda & Poelt
aspidota (Vainio) Vezda & Poelt Syn.: Calenia aspidotum
BUNODOPHORON A. Massal.
melanocarpum (Sw.) Wedin Syn.: Sphaerophorus melanocarpus
BYSSOLOMA Trevisan
leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vainio
marginatum (Arnold) Sérus.
meadii (Tuck.) S. S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia meadii, Biatora
meadii
subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James
tricholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Bilimbia tricholoma
pubescens Vezda ex R.C. Harris (Harris 1995a) = B.
meadii (Brodo et al. 2001)
rotuliforme (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. = B. subdiscordans
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
CALENIA Müll. Arg.
aspidotum (Vainio) Vezda = Bullatina aspidota
CALICIELLA Vainio = non-lichenized fungi
CALICIUM Pers.
abietinum Pers.
adaequatum Nyl.
adspersum Pers.
chlorosporum F. Wilson
corynellum (Ach.) Ach.
glaucellum Ach.
hyperelloides Nyl.
lenticulare Ach.
leucochlorum Tuck.
montanum Tibell (Kolb & Spribille 2001)
parvum Tibell
quercinum Pers.
salicinum Pers.
trabinellum (Ach.) Ach
viride Pers.
albonigrum Nyl. = Mycocalicium albonigrum
#asikkalense Vainio = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
curtisii Tuck. = Phaeocalicium curtisii
*disseminatum Ach. = Microcalicium disseminatum
#floerkei Zahlbr. = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
fuscipes Tuck. = Mycocalicium fuscipes
hemisphaericum Howard = C. adaequatum
hyperellum (Ach.) Ach. = C. viride
lentigerellum Tuck. = C. lenticulare
lichenoides (L.) Schumacher = C. salicinum
microcephalum (Sm.) Ach. = Sphinctrina anglica
minutissimum G. Merr. = Phaeocalicium minutissimum
+populneum Brond. ex Duby = Phaeocalicium populneum
#pusillum auct. = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
pusiolum Ach. = Chaenothecopsis pusiola
queenslandiae (F. Wilson) Tibell = C. chlorosporum
ravenelii Tuck. = Mycocalicium ravenelii
roscidum (Ach.) Ach. nom. superfl. = C. adspersum
roscidum var. trabinellum (Ach.) Schaerer = C. trabinellum for North American
records
sphaerocephalum (L.) Ach. = (?) C. lichenoides
#subpusillum Vainio = Chaenothecopsis pusilla
subquercinum Asah. = C. lenticulare
+subtile Pers. = Mycocalicium subtile
trachelinum Ach. = C. salicinum
CALOPADIA Vezda
fusca (Müll Arg.) Vezda Syn.: Lopadium fuscum
puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Vezda Syn.: Lopadium puiggarii
CALOPLACA Th. Fr.
adnexa Vezda
ahtii Søchting
alaskensis Wetm. (Wetmore 2004b)
albovariegata (B. de Lesd.) Wetmore Syn.: Pyrenodesmia
albovariegata
alcarum Poelt
ammiospila (Wahlenb.) H. Olivier
approximata (Lynge) H. Magn.
arenaria (Pers.) Müll.
arizonica H. Magn.
atroalba (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
atroflava (Turner) Mong.
atrosanguinea (G. Merr.) Lamb
aurantia (Pers.) Hellbom
bolacina (Tuck.) Herre
borealis (Vainio) Poelt
brattiae W. A. Weber
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Nash et al. 1998)
brunneola Wetmore
californica Zahlbr.
camptidia (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
carolinae H. Magn.
cascadensis H. Magn.
catalinae H. Magn.
celata Th. Fr.
cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig) Th. Fr.
chlorina (Flotow) H. Olivier
chrysodeta (Vainio ex Räsänen) Dombr. Syn.: Leproplaca
chrysodeta
chrysophthalma Degel.
cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr.
cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr.
citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.
cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
conversa (Kremp.) Jatta
coralloides (Tuck.) Hulting Syn.: Polycauliona coralloides
dakotensis Wetmore
decipiens (
demissa (Körber) Arup & Grube Syns.: Lecanora demissa, L.
subolivascens (Arup & Grube 1999)
diphasia (Tuck.) Wetmore Syns.: Lecanora diphasia, Blastenia
diphasia
diphyodes (Nyl.) Jatta Syn.: Lecania arctica
dispersa B. de Lesd.
durietzii H. Magn
epiphora (
*epithallina Lynge
[Candelariella epixantha (Ach.) Sandst.]
eugyra (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
exsecuta (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
feracissima H. Magn.
ferruginea (
ferrugineofusca (Vainio) H. Magn.
flavogranulosa Arup
flavorubescens (
flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
floridana (Tuck.) S. Tucker Syn.: Lecanora floridana
fraudans (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier
fraxinea Lamb
furfuracea H. Magn. (Wetmore 2004a)
galactophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
granularis (Müll.
granulosa (Müll.
*grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier
groenlandica Lynge
holocarpa (Hoffm. ex Ach.) A. E. Wade
ignea Arup
impolita Arup
inconspecta Arup
insularis Poelt
invadens Lynge (Thomson 1997)
jungermanniae (Vahl) Th. Fr.
lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
lithophila H. Magn.
litoricola Brodo
livida (Hepp) Jatta
lobulata (Flörke) B. de Lesd.
ludificans Arup
luteoalba (Turner) Th. Fr. Syn.: Candelariella luteoalba
luteominia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. var. luteominia
luteominia var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Arup
marina (Wedd.) Zahlbr. subsp.
microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse
microthallina (Wedd.) Zahlbr.
[Pyrenodesmia
neonii B. de Lesd.
neotropica Wetmore
nivalis (Körber) Th. Fr.
[Blastenia novomexicana Fink]
obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss.
oblongula (H. Magn.) Wetmore Syns.: Apatoplaca oblongula,
Lecidea oblongula
obscurella (Körber) Th. Fr.
oleicola (Steiner) v.d. Boom & Breuss (Goward et al. 1996)
oregona H. Magn.
oxfordensis Fink
parvula Wetmore
parviloba Wetmore (Wetmore 2003)
peliophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
pellodella (Nyl.) Hasse Syn.: Pyrenodesmia elaeodes
persimilis Wetm. (Wetmore 2004b)
phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
phyllidizans Wetmore (Wetmore 2003)
pinicola H. Magn.
pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta
quercicola H. Magn.
rosei Hasse
rubelliana (Ach.) Lojka
[Blastenia rubrofusca B. de Lesd.]
saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin
saxifragarum Poelt
schaereri (Flörke) Zahlbr.
scopularis (Nyl.) Lettau
sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) Maheu & A. Gillet
sipeana H. Magn.
sonorae Wetmore (Wetmore 1996)
sorocarpa (Vainio) Zahlbr.
spaldingii Zahlbr.
spitsbergensis H. Magn.
squamosa (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.
stanfordensis H. Magn.
stantonii W. A. Weber ex Arup
stellata Wetmore & Kärnefelt (Wetmore & Kärnefelt
1998)
stipitata Wetmore (Wetmore 1999)
subnitida (Malme) Zahlbr.
subpyraceella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
subsoluta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Wetmore 2003)
tetraspora (Nyl.) H. Olivier
texana Wetmore & Kärnefelt (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998)
tiroliensis Zahlbr.
tominii (Savicz) Ahlner (Wetmore 2001)
tornoënsis H. Magn.
trachyphylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
ulcerosa Coppins & James (Wetmore 2004b)
ulmorum (Fink) Fink
urceolata B. de Lesd.
variabilis (Pers.) Müll.
velana (A. Massal.) Du Rietz
verrucosa Hasse
verruculifera (Vainio) Zahlbr.
vicaria H. Magn.
vitellinula (Nyl.) H. Olivier
wetmorei Nimis, Poelt & Tretiach
wrightii (Tuck.) Fink
xanthostigmoidea (Räsänen) Zahlbr.
amabilis Zahlbr. = C. pellodella
arizonica E. Rudolph non H. Magn. = C. pellodella
atrocyanescens (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = misidentifications for
aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = C. flavorubescens
bolanderi (Tuck.) H. Magn. = C. luteominea var. bolanderi
bracteata (Hoffm.) Jatta = Fulgensia bracteata
bryochrysion Poelt = C. xanthostigmoidea
caesiorufa (Wibel) Flagey = removed as a nomen confusum (Wetmore 1996)
caesiorufella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. phaeocarpella
callopisma (Ach.) Th. Fr. = C. aurantia
castellana (Räsänen) Poelt If treated as
separate from C. invadens as done by e.g. Alstrup (1991), this species has not
yet been reported for North America
cinnamomea (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = C. ammiospila
constipans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Edrudia constipans
crenularia (With.) J. R. Laundon = misidentification for
diplacia (Ach.) Riddle = doesn't occur N of Mexico (Wetmore 1994)
discernenda (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = C. saxicola
discoidalis (Vainio) Lynge = C. ammiospila
discolor (Willey) Fink = C. xanthostigmoidea (Wetmore
2001)
elegans (Link) Th. Fr. = Xanthoria elegans
epiphyta Lynge = C. xanthostigmoidea (Søchting & Tønsberg 1997)
erythrella (Ach.) Kieffer = C. flavovirescens
festiva (Ach.) Zwackh = C. crenularia, but North American records incorrect
according to Wetmore (1996)
fulgens (Sw.) Körber = Fulgensia fulgens
gilva (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. = C. cerina
gloriae sensu Aptroot (1996) non Werner & Llimona = C. verruculifera (Arup
1997)
herbidella (
herrei Hasse = C. atrosanguinea
intermedia (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = C. cinnabarina (Wetmore & Kärnefelt
1999)
irrubescens (
laeta H. Magn. = C. luteominia var. luteominia
lamprocheila (DC.) Flagey = C. arenaria
leucoraea (Ach. ex Flörke) Branth = C. sinapisperma
modesta (Zahlbr.) Fink = C. subsoluta
murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. = C. saxicola
paulsenii (Vainio) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for
pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr. = C. holocarpa
sarcopisioides (Körber) Zahlbr. = C. obscurella
scotoplaca (Nyl.) H. Magn. = misidentification for
sorediata (Vainio) Du Rietz = Xanthoria sorediata
splendens (Darbish.) Zahlbr. = Xanthoria elegans var. splendens
stillicidiorum (Vahl) Lynge = C. cerina
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Candelina submexicana
subnigricans H. Magn. = C. atrosanguinea
subolivacea (Th. Fr.) Lynge = C. tiroliensis
teicholyta (Ach.) J. Steiner = misidentification for
thallincola (Wedd.) Du Rietz Not in
CALOPLACOPSIS (Zahlbr.) B. de Lesd. = CANDELARIELLA
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) B. de Lesd. = Candelina submexicana
CALVITIMELA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
armeniaca (DC.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea armeniaca,
Tephromela armeniaca
aglaea (Sommerf.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea aglaea,
Tephromela armeniaca
testaceoatra (Vainio) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea
testaceoatra, Tephromela testaceoatra
CAMPYLOTHELIUM Müll. Arg.
amylosporum (Vainio) R. C. Harris = Polymeridium proponens
nitidum Zahlbr. = Laurera megasperma
CANDELARIA A. Massal.
concolor (Dickson) Stein
concolor var. effusa (Tuck.) G. Merr. & Burnham
fibrosa (Fr.) Müll.
CANDELARIELLA Müll. Arg.
antennaria Räsänen
arctica (Körber) R. Sant.
athallina (Wedd.) Du Rietz
aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.
canadensis H. Magn.
citrina B. de Lesd.
coralliza (Nyl.) H. Magn.
deflexa (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
dispersa (Räsänen) Hakul.
efflorescens R. C. Harris & W. R. Buck
kuusamoensis Räsänen var. areolata Hakul
lutella (Vainio) Räsänen
placodizans (Nyl.) H. Magn.
plumbea Poelt & Vezda
reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau
rosulans (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
spraguei (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
stenospora B. de Lesd.
subdeflexa (Nyl.) Lettau
terrigena Räsänen
vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.
xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau
cerinella (Flörke) Zahlbr. = C. aurella
crenulata (Wahlenb.) Zahlbr. = C. arctica
epixantha auct. = C. aurella
epixantha (Ach.) Sandst. = a Caloplaca sp.
holophaea (Mont.) Zahlbr. = Solenopsora holophaea
hudsonica Hakul. = C. canadensis
luteoalba (Turner) Lettau = Caloplaca luteoalba
medians (Nyl.) Sm. North American reports probably refer to Candelina
submexicana
submexicana B. de Lesd. = Candelina submexicana
CANDELINA Poelt
mexicana (B. de Lesd.) Poelt
submexicana (B. de Lesd.) Poelt Syns.: Caloplacopsis
submexicana, Candelariella submexicana, Caloplaca submexicana. North American
reports ofCandelariella medians (Nyl.) Sm. probably belong here.
CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale (Elix 1997)
conferenda (Hale) Elix Syns.: Rimeliella conferenda,
Parmotrema conferendum
haitiensis (Hale) Elix Syns.: Parmelia haitiensis, Parmotrema
haitiensis
neotropica (Kurok.) Elix Syns.: Rimeliella neotropica, Parmotrema
neotropicum
subsumpta (Nyl.) Elix Syns.: Rimeliella subsumpta, Parmotrema
subsumptum, Parmelia subsumpta
subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix Syns.: Rimeliella subtinctoria,
Parmotrema subtinctorium
CANOPARMELIA Elix & Hale
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Elix (Elix 2001) Syns:
Paraparmelia alabamensis, Parmelia alabamensis
amabilis Heiman & Elix (Heiman & Elix 1999)
amazonica (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia amazonica,
Pseudoparmelia amazonica
caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
caroliniana, Pseudoparmelia caroliniana
crozalsiana (B. de Lesd. ex Harm.) Elix & Hale Syns.:
Parmelia crozalsiana, Pseudoparmelia crozalsiana
cryptochlorophaea (Hale) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
cryptochlorophaea, Pseudoparmelia cryptochlorophaea
martinicana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
martinicana, Pseudoparmelia martinicana
salacinifera (Hale) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia
salacinifera, Pseudoparmelia salacinifera
texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelia texana,
Pseudoparmelia texana
CAPRONIA Sacc.
*peltigerae (Fuckel) D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)
CARBACANTHOGRAPHIS Staiger & Kalb (Staiger 2002)
marcescens (Fée) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphina marcescens,
Graphis marcescens (Staiger 2002)
candidata (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphis candidata
(Staiger 2002)
CARBONEA (Hertel) H ertel
*aggregantula (Müll.
assimilis (Körber) Hafellner & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea
assimilis
atronivea (
intrusa (Th. Fr.) Rambold & Triebel (Hinds et al. 2002)
latypizodes (Nyl.) Knoph & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea subcontinuior, L. amabilis (Knoph et
al. 2004)
*supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel (Diederich 2003)
*vitellinaria (Nyl.) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea vitellinaria
vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea vorticosa
CATAPYRENIUM Flotow (Breuss 1996)
cinereum (Pers.) Körber Syn.: Dermatocarpon cinereum, D.
hepaticum
compactum (A. Massal.) R. Sant. Syns.: Dermatocarpon
compactum, D. rupicola, Endopyrenium americanum, E. rupicola (Application of
this name uncertain, Breuss & McCune 1994)
daedaleum (Kremp.) Stein
globosum J. W. Thomson
granulosum (B. de Lesd.) J. W. Thomson Syns.: Endopyrenium
crustaceum, E. granulosum, Dermatocarpon granulosum
psoromoides (Borrer) R. Sant.
schaereri (Fr.) R. Sant.
squamellum (Nyl.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Dermatocarpon squamellum
acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson = Placidium acarosporoides
andicolum Breuss = Placidium andicola
caeruleopulvinum J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium caeruleopulvinum
chilense (Räsänen) Breuss = Placidium chilense
congestum Breuss & McCune = Heteroplacidium congestum
heppioides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium heppioides
lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant. = Placidium lachneum
lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium lacinulatum
michelii (A. Massal.) R. Sant. = Placidium michelii
norvegicum Breuss = Placidium norvegicum
plumbeum (B. de Lesd.) J. W. Thomson (p.p.) = Verrucaria inficiens Breuss
(Breuss 1998)
podolepis Breuss = Heteroplacidium podolepis
rufescens (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium rufescens
squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss = Placidium squamulosum
tuckermanii (Rav. ex Mont.) J. W. Thomson = Placidium arboreum
umbrinum Breuss = Clavascidium umbrinum
waltheri (Kremp.) Körber = Involucropyrenium waltheri
zahlbruckneri (Hasse) J. W. Thomson = Placopyrenium zahlbruckneri
CATILLARIA A. Massal.
chalybeia (Borrer) A. Massal.
cupressi Zahlbr.
endochroma (Fée) Zahlbr.
erysiboides (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Arthonia carneorufa (Printzen
& Tønsberg 1999)
flavens (Willey) Fink
franciscana (Tuck.) Herre
glauconigrans (Tuck.) Hasse
heeri (Hepp) H. Olivier
jemtlandica Th. Fr. & Almq.
lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
leptocheila (Tuck.) Riddle
muscicola Lynge
nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler Syn.: Bacidia declinis
subnegans (Nyl.) Boistel
subviridis (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
terrena (Willey) Zahlbr.
tristis (Müll. Arg.) Arnold
arctica Lynge = Toninia philippea
athallina (Hepp) Hellbom = Toninia athallina
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Catinaria atropurpurea
bahusiensis (Blomb.) Th. Fr. = Tylothallia biformigera
biformigera (Leighton) H. Magn. = Tylothallia biformigera
bouteillei (Desmaz.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera bouteillei
columbiana (G. Merr.) W. Noble = Megalaria columbiana
crystallifera R. Kilias = Toninia lutosa
globulosa (Flörke) Th. Fr. = Biatora globulosa
graniformis (K. Hagen) Vainio = Cliostomum corrugatum
griffithii (Sm.) Malme = Cliostomum griffithii
groenlandica Lynge = a Lecania sp.
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Körber = Megalaria grossa
kansuensis H. Magn. = Toninia philippea
laureri Hepp ex Th. Fr. = Megalaria laureri
micrococca (Körber) Th. Fr. = Micarea prasina
philippea (Mont.) A. Massal. = Toninia philippea (Thomson 1997)
prasina (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Micarea prasina
pulverea (Borrer) Lettau = Megalaria pulverea
sculpturata H. Magn. = Toninia sculpturata
sphaeroides (A. Massal.) Schuler = Mycobilimbia pilularis
subnitida Hellbom = Toninia subnitida
subnigrata (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell = a European species
superflua (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = ?Megalaria grossa (Printzen 1995)
tricolor auct. = Cliostomum griffithii
tristis (Müll. Arg.) Arnold [non C. tristis (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.] = Toninia
subnitida
CATINARIA Vainio
atropurpurea (Schaerer) Vezda & Poelt Syn.: Catillaria
atropurpurea
subcorallina (Zahlbr.) Brako Syn.: Phyllopsora subcorallina
albocincta Degel. = Megalaria albocincta
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Vainio = Megalaria grossa
laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Degel. = Megalaria laureri
leucoplaca auct. = Megalaria grossa
versicolor (Fée) Sipman = Lopezaria versicolor
CATOLECHIA Flotow
wahlenbergii (Ach.) Körber Syns.: Buellia wahlenbergii, B.
pulchella
CAVERNULARIA Degel.
hultenii Degel.
lophyrea (Ach.) Degel.
CECIDONIA Triebel & Rambold
*umbonella (Nyl.) Triebel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
umbonella
*xenophana (Körber) Triebel & Rambold (Hinds et al. 2002)
CELIDIUM Tul. = ARTHONIA
*varians
CELOTHELIUM A. Massal. (Harris 1995a)
aciculiferum (Nyl.) Vainio (Harris 1995a)
CEPHALOPHYSIS (Hertel) H. Kilias
leucospila (Anzi) H. Kilias & Scheid. Syn.: Lecidea ultima
CERCIDOSPORA Körber
*caudata Kernst. (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
#decolorella (Nyl.) O. E. Erikss. & J. Z. Yue
*epicarphinea (Nyl.) Grube & Hafellner
*epipolytropa (Mudd)
*lobothalliae Nav.-Ros. &
Calat. (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
*macrospora (Uloth) Hafellner & Nav.-Ros. (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
*stereocaulorum (
*ulothii Körber
*verrucosaria (Lindsay)
Arnold (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
CETRADONIA J.-C. Wei & Ahti (Wei & Ahti 2002)
linearis (Evans) J.-C. Wei & Ahti Syn.: Gymnoderma
linearis, Cladonia linearis
CETRARIA Ach.
aculeata (Schreber) Fr. Syn.: Coelocaulon aculeatum
arenaria Kärnefelt
ericetorum Opiz subsp. ericetorum
ericetorum subsp. reticulata (Räsänen)
Kärnefelt
islandica (L.) Ach. subsp. islandica
islandica subsp. crispiformis (Räsänen)
Kärnefelt
islandica subsp. orientalis (Asah.) Kärnefelt
kamczatica Savicz
laevigata Rass.
muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt Syn.: Coelocaulon muricatum
nigricans Nyl.
odontella (Ach.) Ach. Syns.: Cornicularia odontella,
Coelocaulon odontellum
aculeata (Schreber) Fr. = Coelocaulon aculeatum
agnata (Nyl.) Kristinsson = Melanelia agnata
alaskana C. Culb. & Culb. = Cetrelia alaskana
andrejevii Oksner = Arctocetraria andrejevii
arborialis (Zahlbr. ) Howard = Tuckermannopsis subalpina
atlantica (Tuck.) Du Rietz = Platismatia tuckermanii
aurescens Tuck. = Ahtiana aurescens
californica Tuck. = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis (Räsänen) Räsänen = Vulpicida canadensis
chicitae Culb. = Cetrelia chicitae
chlorophylla (Willd.) Vainio = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
chrysantha Tuck. = Asahinea chrysantha
ciliaris Ach. = Tuckermannopsis ciliaris
ciliaris Ach. var. halei (Culb. & C. Culb.) Ahti = Tuckermannopsis
commixta (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Melanelia commixta
coralligera (W. A. Weber) Hale = Tuckermanella coralligera
crispa (Ach.) Nyl. = C. ericetorum subsp. ericetorum
cucullata (Bellardi) Ach. = Flavocetraria cucullata
culbersonii Hale = Melanelia culbersonii
delisei (Bory ex Schaerer) Nyl. = Cetrariella delisei
elenkinii Krog = Arctocetraria nigricascens
fahlunensis (L.) Schreber = Melanelia commixta
fastigiata (Delise ex Nyl.) Kärnefelt = Cetrariella fastigiata
fendleri (Nyl.) Tuck. = Tuckermanella fendleri
glauca (L.) Ach. = Platismatia glauca
halei Culb. & C. Culb. = Tuckermannopsis
hepatizon (Ach.) Vainio = Melanelia hepatizon
herrei Imshaug = Platismatia herrei
hiascens (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Cetrariella delisei
idahoensis Essl. = Esslingeriana idahoensis
inermis (Nyl.) Krog = Tuckermannopsis inermis
juniperina (L.) Ach. = North American records are Vulpicida canadensis or V.
viridis
lacunosa Ach. = Platismatia lacunosa
lacunosa Ach. var. atlantica Tuck. = Platismatia tuckermanii
merrillii Du Rietz = Kaernefeltia merrillii
nigricascens (Nyl.) Elenkin = Arctocetraria nigricascens
nivalis (L.) Ach. = Flavocetraria nivalis
norvegica (Lynge) Du Rietz = Platismatia norvegica
oakesiana Tuck. = Allocetraria oakesiana
orbata (Nyl.) Fink = Tuckermannopsis orbata
pallidula Tuck. ex Riddle = Ahtiana pallidula
pinastri (Scop.) Gray = Vulpicida pinastri
platyphylla Tuck. = Tuckermannopsis platyphylla
polyschiza (Nyl.) Jatta = Melanelia hepatizon
richardsonii Hook. = Masonhalea richardsonii
scholanderi Llano = Asahinea scholanderi
scutata (Wulfen) Poetsch = Tuckermannopsis sepincola
scutata auct. = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. = Tuckermannopsis sepincola
sibirica H. Magn. = Arctocetraria nigricascens
simmonsii Krog = Arctocetraria andrejevii
stenophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Platismatia stenophylla
subalpina Imshaug = Tuckermannopsis subalpina
tilesii Ach. = Vulpicida tilesii
tuckermanii Oakes non Herre = Platismatia tuckermanii
tuckermanii Herre non Oakes = Platismatia herrei
viridis Schwein. = Vulpicida viridis
weberi Essl. = Tuckermanella weberi
CETRARIASTRUM Sipman
catawbiense (Degel.) Culb. & C. Culb. = Everniastrum catawbiense
CETRARIELLA Kärnefelt & Thell
delisei (Bory ex Schaerer) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.:
Cetraria delisei, C. hiascens
fastigiata (Delise ex Nyl.) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.:
Cetraria fastigiata
CETRELIA Culb. & C. Culb.
alaskana (C. Culb. & Culb.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.:
Cetraria alaskana
cetrarioides (Duby) Culb. & C. Culb.
chicitae (Culb.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria chicitae
monachorum (Zahlbr.) Culb. & C. Culb.
olivetorum (Nyl.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syns.: Parmelia
olivetorum, P. olivaria
CHAENOTHECA Th. Fr.
brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe sulphurea
brunneola (Ach.) Müll.
chlorella (Ach.) Müll.
chrysocephala (Ach.) Th. Fr.
cinerea (Pers.) Tibell
ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig.
floridana R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
furfuracea (L.) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe furfuracea
gracillima (Vainio) Tibell Syn.: Coniocybe gracillima
hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr.
hygrophila Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
laevigata Nádv.
nitidula Tibell (Tibell & Koffman 2002)
olivaceorufa Vainio (Rikkinen 1998)
phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr.
servitii Nádv. (Selva & Tibell 1999)
sphaerocephala Nádv. (Selva & Tibell 1999)
stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
subroscida (Eitner) Zahlbr.
trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
xyloxena Nádv.
carthusiae (Harm.) Lettau = C. chlorella
gracilenta (Ach.) J.-E. Mattsson & Middelborg = Cybebe gracilenta
melanophaea (Ach.) Zwackh = C. ferruginea
savonica (Räsänen) Tibell = Chaenothecopsis savonica
schaereri (De Not.) Zahlbr. = C. cinerea
sulphurea (Retz.) Middleborg & J.-E. Mattsson = C. brachypoda
trichialis var. cinerea (Pers.) Blomb. & Forss. = C. cinerea
CHAENOTHECOPSIS Vainio
+asperopoda Titov (Selva & Tibell 1999)
*brevipes Tibell
*consociata (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt
+debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell
+edbergii Selva & Tibell (Selva & Tibell
1999)
*epithallina Tibell
+exilis Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+haematopus Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+irregularis Titov (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+nana Tibell
+norstictica R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
*ochroleuca (Körber) Tibell & K. Ryman (Selva & Tibell
1999)
*pilosa Tibell & Kalb (Harris 1995a)
#pusilla (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt Syns.: Calicium
pusillum, C. floerkei, C. subpusillum, C. asikkalense
#pusiola (Ach.) Vainio Syns.: Calicium pusiolum,
Mycocalicium pusiolum
+rappii (Nádv.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
+rubescens Vainio
*rubina Tibell (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
+savonica (Räsänen) Tibell Syns.: Mycocalicium savonicum,
Chaenotheca savonica
+sitchensis Rikkinen (Rikkinen 1999)
*subparoica (Nyl.) Tibell (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
+tasmanica Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+thujae Rikkinen (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+tsugae Rikkinen (Rikkinen 1999)
+ussuriensis Titov (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
*viridialba (Kremp.) A. F. W. Schmidt
#viridireagens (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt
#lignicola (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt = C. pusiola
#subpusilla (Vainio) Tibell = C. pusilla
CHEIROMYCINA B. Sutton
flabelliformis B. Sutton (Tønsberg 2002)
CHIODECTON Ach.
malmei Thor
ochroleucum Zahlbr.
subochroleucum Fink
californicum Tuck. = Llimonaea californica
inscriptum (Nyl.) Fink = Sclerophyton inscriptum
montagnaei Tuck. = Cryptothecia striata
perplexum Nyl. = Syncesia graphica (Tehler 1996)
rubrocinctum (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Nyl. = Cryptothecia rubrocincta
sanguineum (Sw.) Vainio = Cryptothecia rubrocincta
sphaerale Ach. Misidentifications for North America (Harris 1995a)
CHIONOSPHAERA Cox
*apobasidialis Cox (According to Diederich [1996, and pers. comm.], only
non-lichenicolous specimens are known for North America, and the lichenicolous
specimens from Europe may represent a distinct species.)
CHRISMOFULVEA Marbach
dialyta (Nyl.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia dialyta (Marbach 2000)
pinastri (Erichsen) Marbach Syn.: Buellia pinastri (Marbach
2000)
rubifaciens (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia rubifaciens
(Marbach 2000)
CHROMATOCHLAMYS Trevisan = THELENELLA Nyl.
muscorum (Fr.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt var. muscorum =
Thelenella muscorum
muscorum var. octospora (Nyl.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt =
Thelenella muscorum var. octosporum
CHRYSOPSORA M. Choisy
testacea (Hoffm.) M. Choisy = Protoblastenia testacea , but not in North
American flora.
CHRYSOTHRIX Mont.
candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon Syns.: Lepraria candelaris, L.
flava, L. citrina sens. lat.
chlorina (Ach.) J. R. Laundon Syn.: Lepraria chlorina
chrysophthalma (P. James) P. James & J. R. Laundon
(Tønsberg 2002)
flavovirens Tønsberg (Harris & Lendemer 2005)
granulosa G. Thor
(Tønsberg 2004a)
CIPOSIA Marbach
wheeleri (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia wheeleri
(Marbach 2000)
CLADIDIUM Hafellner
bolanderi (Tuck.) B. D. Ryan Syns: Lecanora thamnitis, L.
bolanderi
thamnitis (Tuck.) Hafellner = C. bolanderi
CLADINA Nyl. = CLADONIA (Ahti & DePriest 2001)
aberrans (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia stellaris var. aberrans
alpestris (L.) Nyl. = Cladonia stellaris
arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia arbuscula
arbuscula subsp. beringiana (Ahti) N. S. Golubk. = Cladonia arbuscula subsp.
beringiana
beringiana (Ahti) Trass = Cladonia arbuscula subsp. beringiana
ciliata (Stirton) Trass var. ciliata = Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata
ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Ahti & M. J. Lai = Cladonia ciliata var.
tenuis
conspicua Ahti = Cladonia conspicua
evansii (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia evansii
impexa B. de Lesd. = Cladonia portentosa
leucophaea (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata
mitis (Sandst.) Hustich = Cladonia mitis
pacifica (Ahti) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa (Dufour) Follmann = Cladonia portentosa
portentosa subsp. pacifica (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia portentosa
subsp. pacifica f. decolorans
pseudoëvansii (Asah.) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia pseudoevansii
rangiferina (L.) Nyl. = Cladonia rangiferina
sandstedei (Abbayes) Ahti = Cladonia sandstedei
stellaris (Opiz) Brodo = Cladonia alpestris
stellaris var. aberrans (Abbayes) Ahti = Cladonia stellaris var. aberrans
stygia (Fr.) Ahti = Cladonia stygia
submitis (A. Evans) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia submitis
subtenuis (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia subtenuis
subtenuis f. cinerea (Ahti) Ahti = Cladonia subtenuis f. cinerea
tenuis (Flörke) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis
terrae-novae (Ahti) Hale & Culb. = Cladonia terrae-novae
CLADONIA P. Browne
abbreviatula G. Merr.
acuminata (Ach.) Norrlin
alaskana A. Evans
albonigra Brodo & Ahti (Brodo & Ahti 1996)
amaurocraea (Flörke) Schaerer
andereggii S. Hammer
anitae Culb. & C. Culb.
apodocarpa Robbins
arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow Syn.: Cladina arbuscula
arbuscula subsp. beringiana Ahti Syn.:
Cladina arbuscula subsp. beringiana
artuata S. Hammer
asahinae J. W. Thomson
atlantica A. Evans
bacilliformis (Nyl.) Glück
beaumontii (Tuck.) Vainio
bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaerer
borealis S. Stenroos
boryi Tuck.
botryocarpa G. Merr.
botrytes (K. Hagen) Willd.
brevis (Sandst.) Sandst.
buckii R. C. Harris
caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke
cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel
carneola (Fr.) Fr.
caroliniana Tuck.
cenotea (Ach.) Schaerer
cervicornis (Ach.) Flotow subsp. cervicornis
cervicornis subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti
chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel
ciliata Stirton Syn.: Cladina ciliata
ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Ahti Syn.:
Cladina ciliata var. tenuis
coccifera (L.) Willd.
coniocraea (Flörke) Sprengel
conspicua (Ahti) Ahti Syn.: Cladina conspicua
cornuta (L.) Hoffm. subsp. cornuta
cornuta subsp. groenlandica (E. Dahl) Ahti
crispata (Ach.) Flotow var. crispata
crispata var. cetrariiformis (Delise) Vainio
cristatella Tuck.
cryptochlorophaea Asah.
cyanipes (Sommerf.) Nyl.
cylindrica (A. Evans) A. Evans
dactylota Tuck.
dahliana Kristinsson
decorticata (Flörke) Sprengel
deformis (L.) Hoffm.
didyma (Fée) Vainio
didyma var. vulcanica (Zoll. & Moritzi)
Vainio
digitata (L.) Hoffm.
dimorpha S. Hammer
dimorphoclada Robbins
ecmocyna Leighton subsp. ecmocyna
ecmocyna subsp. intermedia (Robbins) Ahti
ecmocyna subsp. occidentalis Ahti (Brodo
& Ahti 1996)
evansii Abbayes Syn.: Cladina evansii
extracorticata S. Hammer
farinacea (Vainio) A. Evans
fimbriata (L.) Fr.
firma (Nyl.) Nyl.
floerkeana (Fr.) Flörke
floridana Vainio
furcata (Hudson) Schrader
furcata subsp. subrangiformis (Scriba ex
Sandst.) Pisút
glauca Flörke
graciliformis Zahlbr.
gracilis (L.) Willd. subsp. gracilis
gracilis subsp. elongata (Jacq.) Vainio
gracilis subsp. turbinata (Ach.) Ahti
gracilis subsp. vulnerata Ahti
granulans Vainio
grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst.
hammeri Ahti (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
homosekikaica Nuno
humilis (With.) J. R. Laundon
hypoxantha Tuck.
imbricarica Kristinsson
incrassata Flörke
jaliscana Ahti & Guzm.-Dáv. (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
kanewskii Oksner
labradorica Ahti & Brodo
lacryma S. Hammer (Hammer 2001)
leporina Fr.
luteoalba Wheldon & A. Wilson
macilenta Hoffm.
macilenta var. bacillaris (Genth) Schaerer
macroceras (Delise) Hav.
macrophylla (Schaerer) Stenh.
macrophyllodes Nyl.
magyarica Vainio
mateocyatha Robbins
maxima (Asah.) Ahti
merochlorophaea Asah.
merochlorophaea var. novochlorophaea Sipman
metacorallifera Asah.
mitis Sandst. Syn.: Cladina mitis
multiformis G. Merr.
nana Vainio
nashii Ahti (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
nipponica Asah.
norvegica Tønsberg & Holien
novochlorophaea (Sipman) Brodo & Ahti (Brodo & Ahti
1996)
ochrochlora Flörke
pachycladodes Vainio
parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm.
perforata A. Evans
perlomera Kristinsson
petrophila R. C. Harris
peziziformis (With.) J. R. Laundon
phyllophora Hoffm.
piedmontensis G. Merr.
pleurota (Flörke) Schaerer
pocillum (Ach.) Grognot
polycarpoides Nyl.
poroscypha S. Hammer
portentosa (Dufour) Coem. Syn.: Cladina portentosa
portentosa subsp. pacifica (Ahti) Ahti Syn.:
Cladina portentosa subsp. pacifica
portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans
Ahti Syn.: Cladina portentosa subsp. pacifica f. decolorans
prolifica Ahti & S. Hammer
prostrata A. Evans
pseudoëvansii Asahina Syn.: Cladina pseudoëvansii
psoromica J. P. Dey
pulvinella S. Hammer
pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.
ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon
rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. Syn.: Cladina rangiferina
rappii A. Evans
ravenelii Tuck.
rei Schaerer
robbinsii A. Evans
sandstedei Abbayes Syn.: Cladina sandstedei
santensis Tuck.
scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl.
schofieldii Ahti & Brodo (Brodo & Ahti 1996)
simulata Robbins
singularis S. Hammer
sobolescens Nyl. ex Vainio
squamosa Hoffm.
squamosa var. subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leighton)
Vainio
stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vzda Syn.: Cladina stellaris
stellaris var. aberrans (Abbayes) ined.?
Syn.: Cladina stellaris var. aberrans, Cladina aberrans
strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot
stricta (Nyl.) Nyl.
stygia (Fr.) Ruoss Syn.: Cladina stygia
subcariosa Nyl. (Ahti 2000)
subfimbriata Ahti (Ahti & Hammer 2002)
subfurcata (Nyl.) Arnold
submitis A. Evans Syn.: Cladina submitis
subradiata (Vainio) Sandst.
subsetacea Robbins ex A. Evans
subsquamosa Kremp.
subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick Syn.: Cladina subtenuis
subtenuis f. cinerea Ahti Syn.: Cladina
subtenuis f. cinerea
subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg.
sulphurina (Michaux) Fr.
symphycarpia (Flörke) Fr. (Ahti 2000)
terrae-novae Ahti Syn.: Cladina terrae-novae
thiersii S. Hammer
thomsonii Ahti
transcendens (Vainio) Vainio
trassii Ahti (Ahti 1998)
turgida Hoffm.
uliginosa (Ahti) Ahti (Ahti 1998)
umbricola Tønsberg & Ahti
uncialis (L.) F. H. Wigg.
verruculosa (Vainio) Ahti
wainioi Savicz
aberrans (Abbayes) Stuckenb. = Cladonia stellaris var. aberrans
acuminata var. norrlinii (Vainio) Lynge = C. acuminata var. acuminata
alpestris (L.) Rabenh. = C. stellaris
alpestris f. aberrans Abbayes = C. stellaris var. aberrans
alpicola (Flotow) Vainio = C. macrophylla
anomaea (Ach.) Ahti & P. James = C. ramulosa
arbuscula subsp. mitis = C. mitis
bacillaris Nyl. = C. macilenta var. bacillaris
balfourii auct. = C. subradiata
balfourii Crombie = C. macilenta
blakei Robbins = C. coccifera
calycantha Delise ex Nyl. = C. rappii for North American records.
capitata (Michaux) Sprengel = C. peziziformis
carassensis Vainio = misidentifications for North America
clavulifera Vainio = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
conista A. Evans = C. humilis
conistea auct. = C. humilis
conoidea Ahti = C. humilis
cornutoradiata (Navás) Sandst. = C. subulata
degenerans (Flörke) Sprengel = C. phyllophora
delessertii Vainio = C. subfurcata
delicata auct. = C. parasitica
elongata auct. non (Jacq.) Hoffm. = largely misidentifications for North
America, possibly C. macroceras or C. maxima,
elongata (Jacq.) Hoffm. = C. gracilis var. elongata
flabelliformis Vainio = C. polydactyla
flavescens Vainio = misidentifications for North America
foliacea (Hudson) Willd. = misidentifications for North America
furcata subsp. subrangiformis auct. N. Am. = C. furcata (fide T. Ahti)
gonecha (Ach.) Asah. = C. sulphurina
gracilescens auct. = C. stricta
gracilis subsp. nigripes (Nyl.) Ahti = C. gracilis subsp. elongata
herrei Fink ex J. Hedrick = C. furcata
hookeri Tuck. = C. bellidiflora
hookeri sensu J. W. Thomson = C. graciliformis
humilis var. bourgeanica A.W. Archer = C. humilis
invisa Robbins = C. ochrochlora
japonica Vainio = C. crispata
lepidota auct. = C. stricta
leptothallina G. Merr. = C. peziziformis
linearis A. Evans = Cetradonia linearis
macroptera Räsänen = C. scabriuscula (fide T. Ahti)
major (K. Hagen) Sandst. = C. fimbriata
mitrula Tuck. = C. peziziformis
nanodes Robbins ex Sandst. = nom. invalid., identity uncertain
nemoxyna (Ach.) Arnold = C. rei
norrlinii Vainio = C. acuminata var. acuminata
papillaria (Ehrh.) Hoffm. = Pycnothelia papillaria
pityrea (Flörke) Fr. = C. ramulosa
polycarpia G. Merr. = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
polycarpoides Nyl. = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
polydactyla (Flörke) Sprengel = misidentifications for North America, mostly
refers to C. umbricola (fide T. Ahti)
pseudodigitata Gyelnik = C. coccifera
pseudohondoensis Asah. = misidentifications for North America
pseudomacilenta Asah. = misidentifications for North America
pseudorangiformis Asah. = C. wainioi
pseudostellata Asah. = C. uncialis
psoromica J. P. Dey = C. dimorphoclada Robbins (Ahti 2000)
rangiformis Hoffm. = not in North America
rappii var. exilior (Abbayes) Ahti = C. rappii var. rappii
sobolescens Nyl. ex Vainio = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
stricta var. uliginosa Ahti = C. uliginosa
subcervicornis (Vainio) Kernst. = misidentifications for North America, known
in Greenland
subclavulifera Asahina = C. subcariosa (Ahti 2000)
subrangiformis auct. N. Am. = C. furcata
subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leighton) Crombie nom. illeg. = C. squamosa var.
subsquamosa
subsubulata Nyl. = misidentifications for North America
sylvatica auct. (nom. rej. prop.) = C arbuscula
theiophila Asah. = C. vulcani, but not present in North America
verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaerer = C. cervicornis subsp. verticillata
vulcani Savicz = misidentifications for North America
vulcanica Zoll. & Moritzi = C. didyma var. vulcanica
yunnana (Vainio) Abbayes ex J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang (nom. inval.) =
misidentifications for
CLATHROPORINA Müll. Arg.
isidiifera R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
subpungens (Malme) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
tetracerae (Ach.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
amygdalina sensu Fink = Julella sublactea (Harris 1995a).
confinis Müll. Arg. = Porina nuculastrum (Harris 1995a)
diphloea Zahlbr. = Laurera megasperma
exiguella Zahlbr. = Julella sublactea (Harris 1995a)
nuculastrum Müll. Arg. = Porina nuculastrum (Harris 1995a)
CLAUZADEA Hafellner & Bellem.
immersa (Hoffm.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syn.: Lecidea calcivora
monticola (Ach. ex Schaerer) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.:
Lecidea monticola, Protoblastenia monticola
CLAUZADEANA Cl. Roux
macula (Taylor) Coppins & Rambold (Hertel 1991) Syn.:
Lecanora morioides
CLAVASCIDIUM Breuss (Breuss 1996)
umbrinum (Breuss) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium umbrinum
CLIOSTOMUM Fr.
corrugatum (Ach.: Fr.) Fr. Syn.: Catillaria graniformis
flavidulum Hafellner & K. Kalb (Tønsberg 1997)
griffithii (Sm.) Coppins Syns.: Catillaria griffithii, C.
tricolor auct.
leprosum (Räsänen) Holien & Tønsberg
pallens (Kullhem) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia pallens (Ekman 1997)
vitellinum Gowan
graniforme (K. Hagen) Coppins = C. corrugatum
luteolum Gowan (Gowan 1990) = C. leprosum
CLYPEOCOCCUM D. Hawksw.
*grossum (Körber) D. Hawksw.
*hypocenomycis D. Hawksw.
COCCOCARPIA Pers.
domingensis Vainio
erythroxyli (Sprengel) Swinscow & Krog
palmicola (Sprengel) Arv. & D. J. Galloway
stellata Tuck. Syn.: Parmeliella stellata
asterella (Nyl.) Vainio = C. stellata
cronia (Tuck.) Vainio = C. palmicola
incisa Pers. = C. erythroxyli
parmelioides (Hook.) Tuck. ex M. A. Curtis = C. erythroxyli
pellita (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North America, but known
from Cuba &
COCCOTREMA Müll. Arg.
maritimum Brodo
pocillarium (Cummings) Brodo Syns.: Ochrolechia pacifica,
Perforaria minuta
COELOCAULON Link
aculeatum (Schreber) Link = Cetraria aculeata
divergens (Ach.) R. Howe = Bryocaulon divergens
muricatum (Ach.) J. R. Laundon = Cetraria muricata
odontellum (Ach.) R. Howe = Cetraria odontella
COENOGONIUM Ehrenb.
disjunctum Nyl.
implexum Nyl.
interplexum Nyl.
interpositum Nyl.
linkii Ehrenb.
luteum (Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking Syn.: Dimerella luteum (Lücking & Kalb
2000)
missouriense J. Davis
moniliforme Tuck.
pineti (Ach.) ined.
Syn. Dimerella pineti, D. diluta
COLLEMA F. H. Wigg.
auriforme (With.) Coppins & J. R. Laundon
bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. Syn.: Collemodes bachmanianum
callibotrys Tuck.
callopismum A. Massal.
callopismum var. rhyparodes (Nyl.) Degel.
ceraniscum Nyl.
coccophorum Tuck.
conglomeratum Hoffm.
conglomeratum var. corynesporum (Malme)
Degel.
conglomeratum var. crassiusculum (Malme)
Degel. Syn.: Synechoblastus pycnocarpus
crispum (Hudson) F. H. Wigg.
cristatum (L.) F. H. Wigg.
cristatum var. marginale (Hudson) Degel.
curtisporum Degel.
dichotomum (With.) Coppins & J. R. Laundon
fasciculare (L.) F. H. Wigg. Syn.: Synechoblastus aggregatus
fecundum Degel.
flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Synechoblastus rupestris
fragrans (Sm.) Ach.
furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz
furfuraceum var. luzonense (Räsänen) Degel.
fuscovirens (With.) J. R. Laundon
glebulentum (Nyl. ex Crombie) Degel.
kauaiense H. Magn.
leptaleum Tuck.
limosum (Ach.) Ach.
multipartitum Sm.
nigrescens (Hudson) DC.
occultatum Bagl.
polycarpon Hoffm. Syns.: Synechoblastus polycarpus, S.
wyomingensis
pulcellum Ach.
pulcellum var. leucopeplum (Tuck.) Degel.
pulcellum var. subnigrescens (Müll. Arg.)
Degel.
pustulatum Ach.
ryssoleum (Tuck.) A. Schneider
subflaccidum Degel.
subnigrescens Degel.
subparvum Degel.
tenax (Sw.) Ach.
tenax var. ceranoides (Borrer) Degel.
tenax var. corallinum (A. Massal.) Degel.
tenax var. crustaceum (Kremp.) Degel.
tenax var. substellatum (H. Magn.) Degel.
texanum Tuck. Syn.: Synechoblastus texanus
thamnodes Riddle
undulatum Laurer ex Flotow
undulatum var. granulosum Degel.
arcticum Lynge = C. ceraniscum
auriculatum Hoffm. = C. auriforme
cheileum (Ach.) Ach. = C. crispum
cristatellum Tuck. = C. tenax
cyrtaspis Tuck. = C. conglomeratum var. crassiusculum
dubium B. de Lesd. = C. coccophorum
fayettense Fink = C. pustulatum
fluviatile (Hudson) Steudel = C. dichotomum
furvum (Ach.) Ach. = C. fuscovirens
glaucescens Hoffm. = C. limosum
granosum auct. = C. auriforme
laciniatum Nyl. = C. texanum
leucocarpum Hook. & Taylor = misidentifications for North America
leucopeplum (Tuck.) A. Schneider = C. pulcellum var. leucopeplum
microphyllum Ach. = C. fragrans
microptychium Tuck. = C. leptaleum
novomexicanum B. de Lesd. = C. coccophorum
nylanderianum Zahlbr. = C. texanum
ohioense (Fink) Zahlbr. = Collema conglomeratum Hoffm.
plicatile (Ach.) Ach. = Leptogium plicatile
pulposum (Bernh.) Ach. = C. tenax
pycnocarpum Nyl. = C. conglomeratum var. crassiusculum
rugosum Kremp. Syn.: C. subfurvum Not known from North America.
stenophyllum Nyl. = C. dichotomum
subfurfuraceum Degel. = C. furfuraceum var. luzonense
subfurvum sensu Degelius = C. subflaccidum Degel.
subfurvum (Müll. Arg.) Degel. = C. rugosum, but this taxon is not known from
North America
tuniforme (Ach.) Ach. = C. fuscovirens
verruciforme auct. = excluded as doubtful
COLLEMODES Fink = COLLEMA
bachmanianum Fink = Collema bachmanianum
COLLEMOPSIDIUM Nyl.
angermannicum (Degel.) A. Nordin Syn.: Pyrenocollema strontianense
(Nordin 2002)
bryospilum (Nyl.) Coppins
(Fryday 2004)
elegans (R. Sant.) Grube & B. D. Ryan (Grube & Ryan
2002) Syn.: Pyrenocollema elegans
halodytes (Nyl.) Grube & B. D. Ryan (Grube & Ryan
2002) Syn.: Pyrenocollema halodytes
sublitoralis (Leighton) Grube & B. D. Ryan (Grube &
Ryan 2002) Syn.: Pyrenocollema sublitorale
COMBEA De Not.
californica (Th. Fr.) Follmann & M. Geyer = Schizopelte californica
CONIAMBIGUA Etayo & Diederich
*phaeographidis Etay & Diederich
(Diederich 2003)
CONIARTHONIA Grube
gregarina (Willey) Grube (Grube 2001) Syns: Arthonia
gregarina, Arthothelium gregarinum
pyrrhula (Nyl.) Grube (Grube 2001) Syn.: Arthonia pyrrhula
CONIOCYBE Ach.
gracilescens Willey
furfuracea (L.) Ach. = Chaenotheca furfuracea
gracillima Vainio = Chaenotheca gracillima
nivea (Hoffm.) Arnold non Tuck. & Mont. = Sclerophora nivea
pallida (Pers.) Fr. = Sclerophora nivea
sulphurea (Retz.) Nyl. = Chaenotheca brachypoda
CONIOCYBOPSIS Vainio
arenaria (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Vainio = Microcalicium arenarium
CONOTREMA Tuck.
urceolatum (Ach.) Tuck.
albonigrum Zahlbr. = Ocellularia stictidea
CORA Fr. = DICTYONEMA
pavonia (Sw.) Fr. = Dictyonema glabratum
CORISCIUM Vainio = LICHENOMPHALIA
viride (Ach.) Vainio = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
CORNICULARIA (Schreber) Hoffm.
normoerica (Gunn.) Du Rietz
aculeata (Schreber) Ach. = Cetraria aculeata
californica (Tuck.) Du Rietz = Kaernefeltia californica
divergens Ach. = Bryocaulon divergens
fibrillosa (Ach.) Halsey = Bryoria furcellata
muricata (Ach.) Ach. = Cetraria muricata
odontella (Ach.) Westend. = Cetraria odontella
pseudosatoana Asah. = Bryocaulon pseudosatoanum
CORNUTISPORA Piroz.
*ciliata Kalb (Cole & Hawksw. 2001)
*intermedia Punith & D. Hawksw. (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*lichenicola D. Hawksw. & B. Sutton (Kalb et al. 1995)
CORTICIFRAGA D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
*fuckelii (Rehm) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. Syn.: Phragmonaevia
fuckelii
*peltigerae (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. (Alstrup &
Cole 1998)
CRATIRIA Marbach (Marbach 2000)
lauricassiae (Fée) Marbach
Syn.: Buellia lauricassiae
melanochlora (Kremp.) Marbach
Syn.: Buellia melanochlora
CRESPONEA Egea &
chloroconia (Tuck.) Egea & Torrente Syn.: Lecanactis
chloroconia
flava (Vainio) Egea & Torrente (Harris 1995a)
leprieurii (
premnea (Ach.) Egea & Torrente Syn.: Lecanactis premnea
premnea var. saxicola (Leighton) Egea &
Torrente
proximata (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente
CROCYNIA (Ach.) A. Massal.
gossypina (Sw.) A. Massal.
pyxinoides Nyl.
aliciae Hue = Lepraria lobificans
americana B. de Lesd. = Lepraria lobificans
moxleyi Plitt = non-lichenized Septobasidium sp.
neglecta (Nyl.) Hue = Lepraria neglecta
CRYPTOLECHIA A. Massal.
carneolutea (Turner) A. Massal. Syns.: Gyalectina carneolutea,
Gyalecta carneolutea
CRYPTOTHECIA Stirton
rubrocincta (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Thor Syns: Chiodecton
rubrocinctum, C. sanguineum, Herpothallon sanguineum
striata Thor Syn.: Chiodecton montagnei
CRYPTOTHELE Th. Fr.
granuliformis (Nyl.) Henssen Syn.: Pyrenopsidium granuliforme
permiscens (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Pyrenopsis phylliscina
CULBERSONIA Essl. (Esslinger 2000a)
nubila (Moberg) Essl. (Esslinger 2002b)
americana Essl.= C. nubila
CYBEBE Tibell
gracilenta (Ach.) Tibell Syn.: Chaenotheca gracilenta
CYPHELIOPSIS Vainio = THELOMMA
bolanderi (Tuck.) Vainio = Thelomma mammosum
CYPHELIUM Ach.
brachysporum Nádv.
brunneum W. A. Weber
chloroconium (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
inquinans (Sm.) Trevisan
karelicum (Vainio) Räsänen
lucidum (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
notarisii (Tul.) Blomb. & Forss.
pinicola Tibell
*sessile (Pers.) Trevisan
tigillare (Ach.) Ach.
trachylioides (Nyl. ex Branth & Rostrup) Erichsen
andersonii Herre = Thelomma californicum
caliciforme (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Thelomma occidentale for most North American
records
californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelomma californicum
carolinianum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelomma carolinianum
farlowii (Tuck. ex Herre) Herre = Thelomma californicum
occidentale Herre = Thelomma occidentale
ocellatum (Körber) Trevisan = Thelomma ocellatum
sancti-jacobi (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Texosporium sancti-jacobi
tigillare subsp. notarisii (Tul.) W. A. Weber = C. notarisii
ventricosulum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = C. inquinans
CYSTOBASIDIUM (Lagerh.) Neuhoff (Diederich 1996)
*hypogymniicola Diederich & Ahti (Diederich 1996)
*usneicola Diederich & Alstrup (Diederich 1996)
CYSTOCOLEUS Thwaites
ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
DACAMPIA A. Massal.
*engeleana (Sauter) A. Massal. (Henssen 1995)
hookeri (Borrer) A. Massal.
*rufescentis (Vouaux) D. Hawksw.
(Zhurbenko & Daniëls 2003)
DACTYLINA Nyl.
arctica (
beringica C. D. Bird & J. W. Thomson (Treated as subsp. of
D. arctica by Kärnefelt & Thell 1996)
ramulosa (Hook.) Tuck.
madreporiformis (Ach.) Tuck = Allocetraria madreporiformis
DACTYLOSPORA Körber
*aeruginosa
Holien & Ihlen (Ihlen et al. 2004)
*borealis Holien & Ihlen (Ihlen et al. 2004)
*amygdalariae Triebel
*athallina (Müll.
*attendenda (Nyl.)
*deminuta (Th. Fr.) Triebel
*glaucomarioides (Willey ex Tuck.) Hafellner Syn.: Buellia
glaucomarioidea
*inquilina (Tuck.) Hafellner Syn.: Buellia inquilina,
Buelliella inquilina
*lobariella (Nyl.) Hafellner Syn.: Buelliella nuttallii
*parasitica (Flörke ex Sprengel) Zopf Syn.: Leciographa
inspersa
*parellaria (Nyl.)
*pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Hafellner Syn.: Buellia
pertusariicola, Leciographa pertusariicola
*pleiosperma Triebel (Hafellner 2004b)
*porphyrea Hafellner & Kalb (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
*purpurascens Triebel
*ranula Giralt & D. Hawksw.
(Diederich 2003)
*saxatilis (Schaerer) Hafellner var. saxatilis
Syn.: Buelliella saxatilis
*urceolata (Th. Fr.) Arnold Syn.: Leciographa urceolata
DEGELIA Arv. & D. J. Galloway
plumbea (Lightf.) P. M. Jørg. & P. James Syn.: Parmeliella
plumbea
DENDRISCOCAULON Nyl.
intricatulum (Nyl.) Henssen Syns.: Leptogidium intricatulum,
Polychidium intricatulum
umhausense (Auersw.) Degel. Syn.: Polychidium umhausense
DENDRODOCHIUM Bonord
*subeffusum Ellis & Everh.
DENDROGRAPHA Darbish.
alectoroides Sundin & Tehler (Sundin & Tehler 1996)
leucophaea (Tuck.) Darbish. Syn.: Roccella leucophaea
minor Darbish. = D. leucophaea (Tuck.) Darbish. (Sundin & Tehler 1996)
DERMATINA (Almq.) Zahlbr. = PEZICULA
"pyrenocarpa" (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Mycoporum compositum
DERMATISCUM Nyl.
catawbense (Willey) Nyl. = Dermiscellum oulocheila
DERMATOCARPON Eschw.
americanum Vainio
(Heipmarsson & Breuss 2004)
arnoldianum Degel.
atrogranulosum Breuss (Breuss 2003)
bachmannii Anders
(Heipmarsson & Breuss 2004)
intestiniforme (Körber) Hasse
leptophyllodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Heipmarsson &
Breuss 2004)
linkolae Räsänen (Goward et al. 1996)
lorenzianum Anders
luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon
meiophyllizum Vainio
(Glavich & Geiser 2004)
miniatum (L.) W. Mann
moulinsii (
polyphyllizum (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Heipmarsson &
Breuss 2004)
reticulatum H. Magn.
rivulorum (
[Entosthelia saxicola B. de Lesd.]
schaechtelinii Werner
(Heipmarsson & Breuss 2004)
taminium Heipmarsson (Heipmarsson & Breuss 2004)
tenue (Müll.
vellereum Zschacke
acarosporoides Zahlbr. = Placidium acarosporoides
aquaticum (Weiss) Zahlbr. = D. luridum
arboreum (Schwein.) Fink = Placidium arboreum
cinereum (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Catapyrenium cinereum
compactum (A. Massal.) Lettau = Catapyrenium compactum
daedaleum (Kremp.) Th. Fr. = Catapyrenium daedaleum
fluviatile (Weber) Th. Fr. = D. luridum
granulosum (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Catapyrenium granulosum
hepaticum auct. = Placidium squamulosum
hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Catapyrenium cinereum
heppioides Zahlbr. = Placopyrenium heppioides
lachneum (Ach.) A. L. Sm. = Placidium lachneum
lecideoides (A. Massal.) Hasse = Verrucaria lecideoides
lyngei Servít Reported from
michelii (A. Massal.) Zwackh = Placidium michelii
novomexicanum ( B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Placidium acarosporoides
peltatum (
plumbeum (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Verrucaria inficiens
polyphyllum (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = D. intestiniforme
rufescens (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Placidium rufescens
rupicola (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Catapyrenium compactum
squamellum (Nyl.) Herre = Catapyrenium squamellum
tuckermanii (Rav. ex
vagans Imshaug = D. reticulatum H. Magn.
waltheri (Kremp.) Blomb. & Forss. = Involucropyrenidium waltheri
weberi (Ach.) W. Mann = D. luridum
zahlbruckneri Hasse = Placopyrenium zahlbruckneri
DERMISCELLUM Hafellner, H. Mayrh. & Poelt
oulocheila (Tuck.) Lendemer
Syns.: Dermatiscum catawbense, Opegrapha oulocheila (Lendemer 2003)
catawbense (Willey) Hafellner & Poelt = D. oulocheila
DESMAZIERIA
evernioides (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck = Ramalina lacera
cephalota (Tuck.) Follmann & Huneck = Vermilacinia cephalota
ceruchis (Ach.) Trevisan = Vermilacinia ceruchis , but absent from North
combeoides (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck = Vermilacinia combeoides
homalea (Ach.) Mont. = Niebla homalea
peruviana (Ach.) Follmann & Huneck = Ramalina peruviana
testudinaria (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck = Niebla homalea
DIBAEIS Clem.
absoluta (Tuck.) Kalb & Gierl Syn.: Baeomyces absolutus
baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold & Hertel Syn.: Baeomyces roseus
fungoides (Sw.) Kalb & Gierl = A tropical species, not in North America
rosea (Pers.) Clem. = D. baeomyces
DICTYOCATENULATA Finley &
E. F. Morris
alba Finley & E. F. Morris
(Lendemer & Harris 2004)
DICTYONEMA C. Agardh
glabratum (Sprengel) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Cora pavonia
moorei (Nyl.) Henssen
sericeum (Sw.) Berk.
guadalupense (Rabenh.) Zahlbr. = D. sericeum
irpicinum Mont. = misidentifications for North America
pavonium (Sw.) Parmasto = D. glabratum
DIDYMOSPHAERIA Fuckel
*epicrassa (H. Olivier) Vouaux = Polycoccum epicrassum, but see note there
DIGITOTHYREA Moreno & Egea
polyglossa (Nyl.) Moreno & Egea (Schultz 2002b)
DIMELAENA Norman
californica (H. Magn.) Sheard
oreina (Ach.) Norman Syns.: Rinodina oreina, R. hueana, R.
novomexicana, R. suboreina
radiata (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. (Matzer et al. 1996) Syns.: Buellia
radiata, Rinodina radiata
thysanota (Tuck.) Hale & Culb. Syn.: Rinodina thysanota
weberi Sheard
angelica (Stizenb.) Hale & Culb. = Mobergia angelica
chrysomelaena (B. de Lesd.) Hale & Culb. = Rinodina chrysomelaena
novomexicana (B. de Lesd.) Hale & Culb. = D. oreina
suboreina (B. de Lesd.) Hale & Culb. = D. oreina
DIMERELLA Trevisan = COENOGONIUM (Lücking & Kalb 2000)
diluta (Pers.) Trevisan = Coenogonium pineti
lutea (Dickson) Trevisan = Coenogonium luteum
pineti (Ach.) Vezda = Coenogonium pineti
DINEMOSPORIUM Lév.
*strigosum (Fr.) Sacc. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
DIPLOICIA A. Massal.
canescens (Dickson) A. Massal. Syn.: Buellia canescens
DIPLOLAEVIOPSIS
Giralt & D. Hawksw.
*ranula Giralt & D. Hawksw.
(Diederich 2003)
DIPLOSCHISTES
actinostomus (Ach.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Urceolaria actinostoma
aeneus (Müll.
arabiensis Lumbsch
badius Lumbsch & Elix
bisporus (Bagl.) J. Steiner
caesioplumbeus (Nyl.) Vainio (Lumbsch 2002)
candidissimus (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch Syn.: Urceolaria albissima
gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr.
hypoleucus Zahlbr.
muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. subsp. muscorum
scruposus (Schreber) Norman Syn.: Urceolaria scruposa
albissimus (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = D. diacapsis
bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = D. muscorum subsp. muscorum
canadensis Räsänen = D. muscorum subsp. muscorum
straminescens Zahlbr. = D. hypoleucus
DIPLOTOMMA Flotow
alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flotow Syns.: Buellia alboatra, Rhizocarpon
alboatrum
ambiguum (Ach.) Flagey Syn.: Buellia ambigua
chlorophaeum (Hepp ex Leighton) Szatala Syns.: Rhizocarpon
chlorophaeum, Buellia chlorophaea
epipolium (Ach.) Arnold Syns.: Buellia epipolia, Rhizocarpon
cumulatum
nivalis (Bagl. & Carestia) Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk
1995) Syn.: Buellia nivalis
penichrum (Tuck.) Szatala Syns.: Buellia penichra, Rhizocarpon
penichrum
pulverulentum (Anzi) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Buellia pulverulenta (Molina
et al. 2002)
venustum (Körber) Körber Syn.: Buellia venusta
DIRINA Fr.
calcicola
Sparrius (Sparrius 2004a)
catalinariae Hasse
paradoxa (Fée) Tehler
approximata Zahlbr. subsp. hioramii (B. de Lesd.) Tehler = D. paradoxa
californica Tuck. = Sigridea californica
franciscana Zahlbr. ex Herre = Roccellina franciscana
hassei Zahlbr. = Sigridea californica
rediunta Hasse = Schismatomma rediunta
DIRINARIA (Tuck.) Clem.
aegialita (Afz.) B. Moore Syn.: Physcia aspera
applanata (Fée) D. D. Awasthi
confluens (Fr.) D. D. Awasthi
confusa D. D. Awasthi
confusa var. saxicola (Räsänen) D. D. Awasthi
frostii (Tuck.) Hale & Culb. Syns.: Physcia frostii,
Pyxine frostii
leopoldii (Stein) D. D. Awasthi
neotropica Kalb
(Kalb 2004a)
papillulifera (Nyl.) D. D. Awasthi
picta (Sw.) Clem. & Shear Syns.: Physcia picta, Pyxine
picta
purpurascens (Vainio) B. Moore
aspera (H. Magn.) D. D. Awasthi = D. aegialita
DISCOTHECIUM Zopf = ENDOCOCCUS Nyl.
*gemmiferum Vouaux = an uncertain species of Endococcus
DISTOPYRENIS Aptroot
americana Aptroot (Aptroot 1991)
pachyospora Aptroot (Harris 1995a)
quercicola R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
submuriformis R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
DITREMIS Clem. = ANISOMERIDIUM
albiseda (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium albisedum
ambigua (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium ambiguum
anisoloba (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium anisolobum
biformis (Borrer) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium biforme
carinthiaca (Steiner) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
distans (Willey) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium distans
finkii R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium finkii
leucochlora (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium leucochlorum
macrospora R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium aureopunctatum
nyssigena (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium polypori
quaternaria R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium quaternarium
sanfordensis (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium sanfordense
subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium subprostans
tamarindii (Fée) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium tamarindii
terminata (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium terminatum
tuckerae (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium tuckerae
DUFOUREA Ach.
madreporiformis (Ach.) Ach. = Allocetraria madreporiformis
DYPLOLABIA A. Massal.
afzelii (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Graphis afzelii (Staiger 2002)
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
ECHINOPLACA Fée
intercedens Vezda
pellicula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
ECHINOTHECIUM Zopf
*aerophilum Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*reticulatum Zopf
EDRUDIA W. P. Jordan
constipans (Nyl.) W. P. Jordan Syn.: Caloplaca constipans
EIGLERA Hafellner
flavida (Hepp) Hafellner Syns.: Lecanora flavida, Aspicilia
flavida
ENDOCARPON Hedwig
adscendens (Anzi) Müll. Arg.
adsurgens Vainio
lepidallum Nyl.
loscosii Müll. Arg. (Breuss 2002a)
pallidulum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Breuss 2002a)
pallidum Ach.
petrolepideum (Nyl.) Hasse
pseudosubnitescens Breuss (Knudsen
2005b)
pulvinatum Th. Fr. Syns.: Pyrenothamnia brandegei, P. spraguei
pusillum Hedwig
schisticola B. de Lesd. (Breuss 2002a)
simplicatum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Breuss 2002a)
subnitescens Nyl.
tortuosum Herre
drummondii (Tuck.) M. Choisy = Staurothele drummondii
monicae Zahlbr. = Staurothele monicae
*ochroleucum Tuck. = Heterocarpon ochroleucum
wilmsoides Zahlbr. = Staurothele drummondii
ENDOCOCCUS Nyl.
*apiciicola (J. Steiner) R.
Sant. (Diederich 2003)
*buelliae (Dodge) Matzer (Matzer et al. 1996)
*macrosporus (Arnold)
Nyl. (Kainz & Triebel 2004)
*nanellus Ohlert (Diederich
2003)
*perpusillus Nyl.
*propinquus (Körber) D. Hawksw.
*oreinae
Hafellner (Kainz & Triebel 2004)
*rugulosus Nyl.
*stigma (Körber) Stizenb. (Kainz & Triebel 2004)
*verrucosus Hafellner (Kainz
& Triebel 2004)
*zahlbrucknerellae (Henssen) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Ticothecium
zahlbrucknerella
ENDOHYALINA Marbach
circumpallida (H. Magn.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia
amphidexia (Marbach 2000)
rappii (Imshaug ex R. C. Harris) Marbach
Syn.: Buellia rappii
(Marbach 2000)
ENDOPYRENIUM Flotow
americanum B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium compactum
bajadanae B. de Lesd. = Placidium acarosporoides
crustaceum B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium granulosum
granulosum B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium granulosum
novomexicanum B. de Lesd. = Placidium acarosporoides
plumbeum B. de Lesd. = Verrucaria inficiens
rupicola B. de Lesd. = Catapyrenium compactum
ENTEROGRAPHA Fée
hutchinsiae (Leighton) A. Massal.
(Sparrius 2004b)
lecanoroides R. C. Harris Syn.: Schismatomma pallidellum auct.
quassiaecola Fée
carnea (Eckf.) R. C. Harris = Mazosia ocellata
elegans (Eschw.) Tuck. = Sclerophyton elegans
zonata (Körber) Källsten = Opegrapha zonata
EOPYRENULA R. C. Harris
intermedia Coppins Syn.: Pyrenula leucoplaca var.
pluriloculata
parvispora R. C. Harris & Aptroot
leucoplaca (Wallr.) R. C. Harris = misidentifications for North America
EPAPHROCONIDIA Calatayud & V. Atienza
*hawksworthii Calatayud & V. Atienza (Diederich 2003)
EPHEBE Fr.
americana Henssen
hispidula (Ach.) Horwood Syn.: Ephebeia hispidula
lanata (L.) Vainio
ocellata Henssen
perspinulosa Nyl.
solida Bornet
EPHEBEIA Nyl. = EPHEBE
hispidula (Ach.) Nyl. = Ephebe hispidula
EPICLADONIA D. Hawksw.
*sandstedei (Zopf) D. Hawksw. (Scholz 1998)
*simplex D. Hawksw.
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
EPICOCCUM Link
*purpurascens Schltdl. (Diederich 2003)
EPIGLOEA Zukal
intermedia Döbbeler (Lendemer & Harris 2004)
medioincrassata (Grumm.) Döbbeler
(Fryday 2004)
pleiospora Döbbeler (Buck & Harris 2002)
soleiformis Döbbeler (Buck & Harris 2002)
EPILICHEN Clem.
*scabrosus (Ach.) Clem. Syn.: Buellia scabrosa
*stellatus Triebel
ERIODERMA Fée
mollissimum (Samp.) Du Rietz
pedicellatum (Hue) P. M. Jørg.
sorediatum D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg.
boreale Ahlner = E. pedicellatum
ESSLINGERIANA Hale & M. J. Lai
idahoensis (Essl.) Hale & M. J. Lai Syn.: Cetraria
idahoensis
EUOPSIS Nyl.
granatina (Sommerf.) Nyl. Syns.: Pyrenopsis granatina,
Lecanora granatina, Pannaria granatina
pulvinata (Schaerer) Nyl. Syn.: Pyrenopsis pulvinata
EVERNIA Ach.
divaricata (L.) Ach.
mesomorpha Nyl.
perfragilis Llano
prunastri (L.) Ach.
esorediosa (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz = misidentifications for North America (Bird
1974)
furfuracea (L.) W. Mann = Pseudevernia consocians and P. intensa for North
American records
thamnodes (Flotow) Arnold = E. mesomorpha
vulpina (L.) Ach. = Letharia vulpina
EVERNIASTRUM Hale ex Sipman
catawbiense (Degel.) Hale ex Sipman Syns.: Cetrariastrum
catawbiense, Parmelia catawbiensis
sorocheilum (Vainio) Hale ex Sipman Syn.: Parmelia sorocheila.
Reports may be E. catawbiense.
EVERNIICOLA D. Hawksw.
*flexispora D. Hawksw.
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FARNOLDIA Hertel
hypocrita (A. Massal.) Frøberg Syns.: Lecidea hypocrita, L.
lithospersa, L. ypocrita
jurana (Schaerer) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea jurana, L.
albosuffusa, Tremolecia jurana, Melanolecia jurana
micropsis (A. Massal.) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea rhaetica,
Melanolecia micropsis, Tremolecia nivalis, T. micropsis
FAYODIA Kühner
*leucophylla (A. Gillet) M. T. Lange
*striatula (Kühner) Singer
FELLHANERA Vezda
aurantiaca (Vezda) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia aurantiaca
bouteillei (Desmaz.) Vezda Syn.: Catillaria bouteillei
floridana (Tuck.) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia floridana
subtilis (Vezda) Diederich & Sérusiaux (Goward et al.
1996)
FELLHANEROPSIS Sérus. & Coppins
vezdae (Coppins & P. James) Sérus. & Coppins (Tønsberg
1997)
FISSURINA Fée
columbina (Tuck.) Staiger Syns.: Graphina columbina, Graphis
columbina, Phaeographina columbina (Staiger 2002)
dumastioides (Fink) Staiger Syn.: Graphina dumastioides
(Staiger 2002)
humilis (Vainio) Staiger (Staiger & Kalb 2004)
incrustans Fée Syns.: Graphina incrustans, Graphis incrustans
(Staiger 2002)
nitidescens (Nyl.) Nyl. Syns.: Graphina nitidescens, Graphis
nitidescens (Staiger 2002)
rufula (Mont.) Staiger Syn.:
Graphis rufula (Staiger 2002)
subcontexta (Nyl.) Nyl. Syn.: Graphis subparilis (Staiger
2002)
subnitidula (Nyl.) Staiger Syns.: Graphina subnitidiula, Graphis
subnitidula (Staiger 2002)
FISTULARIELLA Bowler & Rundel
almquistii (Vainio) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina almquistii
geniculata (Hook. f & Taylor) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina geniculata
inflata (Hook. f & Taylor) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina inflata
minuscula (Nyl.) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina dilacerata
roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaerer) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina roesleri
scoparia (Vainio) Bowler & Rundel = Ramalina scoparia
FLAVOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & Thell
cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & Thell Syns.: Cetraria
cucullata, Allocetraria cucullata
nivalis (L.) Kärnefelt & Thell Syns.: Cetraria nivalis,
Allocetraria nivalis
FLAVOPARMELIA Hale
baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Fóriss) Hale Syns.: Parmelia
baltimorensis, Pseudoparmelia baltimorensis
caperata (L.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia caperata, Pseudoparmelia
caperata, P. cylisphora, P. flavicans, P. herreana, P. negativa
[Parmelia concreta Stizenb.]
rutidota (Hook. f. &
FLAVOPUNCTELIA (Krog) Hale
darrowi (J. W. Thomson) Hale Syns.: Parmelia darrowi,
Punctelia darrowi
flaventior (Stirton) Hale Syns.: Parmelia flaventior, P.
andreana, P. kernstockii, Punctelia flaventior
praesignis (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia praesignis, P.
incorrupta, P. caperata var. incorrupta, Punctelia praesignis
soredica (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia soredica, P.
ulophyllodes, P. manshurica, Punctelia soredica
FORAMINELLA S. F. Meyer = PARMELIOPSIS
FORSSELLIA Zahlbr. = PTERYGIOPSIS
minnesotensis (Fink) Fink = Lichinella minnesotensis
FRUTIDELLA Kalb (Kalb 1994)
caesioatra (Schaerer) Kalb (Kalb 1994) Syn.: Lecidea
caesioatra, L. arctica
FULGENSIA A. Massal. & De Not.
bracteata (Hoffm.) Räsänen subsp. bracteata
Syn.: Caloplaca bracteata
bracteata subsp. bracteata var. alpina
(Th. Fr.) Poelt
bracteata subsp. deformis Poelt (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
desertorum (Tomin) Poelt
fulgens (Sw.) Elenkin Syn.: Caloplaca fulgens
FUSCIDEA V. Wirth & Vezda
arboricola Coppins & Tønsberg
cyathoides (Ach.) V. Wirth & Vezda Syns.: Lecidea
cyathoides, L. rivulosa
[Lecidea gyrodes H. Magn.]
intercincta (Nyl.) Poelt
kochiana (Hepp) V. Wirth & Vezda Syn.: Lecidea kochiana
lowensis (H. Magn.) R. Anderson & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea
lowensis; a probable synonym is Lecidea
aleutica Degel.
mollis (Wahlenb.) V. Wirth & Vezda Syn.: Lecidea mollis
praeruptorum (Du Rietz & H. Magn.) V. Wirth & Vezda
Syn.: Lecidea praeruptorum
pusilla Tønsberg
recensa (Stirton) Hertel, V. Wirth & Vezda Syns.: Lecidea
recensa, L. arcuatula
subfilamentosa (Zahlbr.) Brako Syn.: Phyllopsora
subfilamentosa
subreagens (H. Magn.) Oberholl. & V. Wirth Syn.: Lecidea
kochiana var. subreagens
thomsonii Brodo & Wirth (Brodo & Wirth 1998)
lightfootii (Sm.) Coppins & P. James (Aptroot 1996) = misidentifications
for North America (Tønsberg 2002)
placidensis (H. Magn.) R. C. Harris = Lecanora placidensis
FUSCOPANNARIA P. M. Jørg.
ahlneri (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria ahlneri
alaskana P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen 2000c)
aurita P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
californica (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
cheiroloba (Müll.
confusa (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
coralloidea P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
crustacea P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
cyanolepra (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
globigera Fryday & P. M. Jørg.
(Fryday 2004)
hookerioides P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
incisa (Müll.
laceratula (
leprosa P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen 2000c)
leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. Jørg. Syns.: Pannaria leucophaea,
Parmeliella microphylla
leucosticta (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria leucosticta
leucostictoides (Ohlsson) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria
leucostictoides
maritima (P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. Synyonym: Pannaria maritima
mediterranea (Tav.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.: Pannaria mediterranea
praetermissa (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg. Syns.: Pannaria praetermissa,
Parmeliella praetermissa, P. lepidiota
pulveracea (P. M. Jørg. & Henssen) P. M. Jørg. Syn.:
Pannaria pulveracea
ramulina P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen 2000c)
saubinetii (
sorediata P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000b)
thiersii P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
viridescens P. M. Jørg. & Zhurb. (Jørgensen & Zhurbenko
2002)
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GASPARRINIA Tornab. = CALOPLACA
GASSICURTIA Fée
catasema (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia catasema, B.
caloosensis (Marbach 2000)
coccinea Fée Syn.: Buellia coccinea (Marbach 2000)
elizae (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia elizae (Marbach 2000)
subpulcella (Vainio) Marbach Syn.: Buellia subpulcella, B.
pachnidisca (Marbach 2000)
vernicoma (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia vernicoma, Buelliella
vernicoma, Lecidea vernicoma (Marbach 2000)
GEISLERIA Nitschke
sychnogonioides Nitschke = Strigula sychnogonioides
GELTINGIA Alstrup & D. Hawksw.
*associata (Th. Fr.) Alstrup & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Lecidea
associata
GLAUCOMARIA M. Choisy
rupicola (L.) M. Choisy = Lecanora rupicola
sordida (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Lecanora rupicola
GLOBOSPHAERIA D. Hawksw.
*jamesii D. Hawksw. (Diederich
2003)
GLOEOHEPPIA Gyeln.
polyspora Henssen (Schultz 2002c)
GLYPHIS Ach.
cicatricosa Ach.
achariana Tuck. = G. cicatricosa
confluens Zenker = G. cicatricosa
favulosa Ach. = G. cicatricosa
GLYPHOLECIA Nyl.
scabra (Pers.) Müll. Arg. Syns.: Acarospora scabra, A.
saxicola
GOMPHILLUS Nyl.
americanus Essl.
calycioides (Duby) Nyl. (Buck 1998)
GONGYLIA
Körber
muscorum Zschacke (North American only) = Protothelenella
pluriseptata (Fryday 2004)
nadvornikii Servít = Segestria mammillosa, but
misidentifications for N. A. (Fryday 2004)
GONOHYMENIA J. Steiner = LICHINELLA
cribellifera (Nyl.) Henssen = Lichinella cribellifera
melamphylla (Tuck.) Henssen = Lichinella melamphylla
minnesotensis (Fink) Henssen = Lichinella minnesotensis
nigritella (Lettau) Henssen = Lichinella nigritella
GRANULOPYRENIS Aptroot
hymnothora (Ach.) Aptroot Syns.: Verrucaria hymnothora,
Microthelia hymnothora, Sphaeria bignoniae
GRAPHINA Müll. Arg.
acharii (Fée) Müll. Arg. According to Harris, North American
reports may be G. xylophaga
anguina (Mont.) Müll. Arg.
antillarum (Vainio) Zahlbr.
babingtonii (Mont.) Zahlbr. Possibly misidentifications for
North America
colliculosa (Mont.) Hale
cypressi Müll. Arg.
floridana (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Graphis floridana
leuconephela (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
parilis (Kremp.) Müll. Arg.
peplophora M. Wirth & Hale
platyleuca (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Harris 1995a)
scolecitis (Tuck.) Fink North American records of G.
adscribens belong here
sophisticascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
subnitida (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Possibly misidentifications for North
America
substriatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
subvirginalis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
virginea (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
xylophaga R. C. Harris
abaphoides (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Acanthothecis abaphoides
acrophaea Müll. Arg. = G. parilis
adscribens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = G. scolecitis for North American records
columbina (Tuck.) M. Wirth & Hale =
Fissurina columbina
dimidiata (Vainio) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America
glaucoderma (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina
incrustans
incrustans (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina incrustans
intertexta (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = Acanthothecis aurantiaca
leprocarpa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema leprocarpum
marcescens (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Carbacanthographis
marcescens
mendax (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North America
nitidescens (Nyl.) Riddle = Fissurina
nitidescens
platycarpa (Eschw.) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America
plittii Zahlbr. = Carbacanthographis
marcescens
subnitidula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Fissurina subnitidula
virginalis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Fissurina
columbina
GRAPHIS Adans.
anfractuosa Eschw.
aperiens Müll. Arg.
botryosa Tuck.
caesiella Vainio
chromothecia R. C. Harris
desquamescens (Fée) Zahlbr.
elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach.
eulectra Tuck. Syn.: Phaeographis eulectra
glaucescens Fée
haleana R. C. Harris
illiterata R. C. Harris
insidiosa (C. Knight & Mitten) Hook. f.
intricata Fée
inversa R. C. Harris
leptocarpa Fée
leucopepla Tuck.
librata C. Knight
lineola Ach.
lucifica R. C. Harris
lumbricina Vainio
mosquitensis Tuck.
pavoniana Fée
platycarpella Müll. Arg.
poitaeoides Nyl.
rigidula Müll. Arg. (Lendemer
& Yahr 2004)
rimulosa (Mont.) Trevisan
saxorum Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1997)
scripta (L.) Ach.
striatula (Ach.) Sprengel
subamylacea Zahlbr.
subelegans Nyl.
tenella Ach.
afzelii Ach. = Dyplolabia afzelii
atrorubens Tuck. ex Fink = Opegrapha longissima
beaumontii Tuck. = G. insidiosa
candidata Nyl. = Carbacanthographis candidata
celtidis Müll. Arg. = G. librata
dumastioides Fink = Fissurina dumastioides
floridana Tuck. = Graphina floridana
grammatis Fée = Platythecium grammitis
incrustans = Fissurina incrustans
intertexta Müll. Arg. = Acanthothecis aurantiaca
marcescens = Carbacanthographis
marcescens
nitida (Eschw.) Tuck. = Medusulina nitida
nitidescens Nyl. = Fissurina nitidescens
rufula Mont. = Fissurina rufula
subnitidula Nyl. = Fissurina subnitidula
subparilis Nyl. = Fissurina subcontexta
turbulenta Nyl. = Anomomorpha turbulenta
GRAPHIUM Corda
*aphthosae Alstrup & D. Hawksw. (Esslinger & Egan
1995)
GYALECTA Ach.
erythrozona Lettau
flotowii Körber
foveolaris (Ach.) Schaerer
friesii Flotow ex Körber
geoica (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Secoliga geoica
herrei Vezda
jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr.
kukriensis (Räsänen) Räsänen
peziza (Mont.) Anzi
truncigena (Ach.) Hepp
carneolutea (Turner) H. Olivier = Cryptolechia carneolutea
lamprospora Nyl. = Bactrospora lamprospora
radiatilis Tuck. = Skyttea radiatilis
GYALECTIDIUM Müll. Arg.
filicinum Müll. Arg.
imperfectum Vezda (Ferraro, Lücking & Serusiaux 2001)
yahriae Buck & Sérus. (Buck & Sérusiaux 2000)
rotuliforme Müll. Arg. = Asterothyrium rotuliforme
GYALECTINA Vezda = CRYPTOLECHIA
carneolutea (Turner) Vezda = Cryptolechia carneolutea
GYALIDEA Lettau ex Vezda
hyalinescens (Nyl.) Vezda
lecideopsis (A. Massal.) Lettau ex Vezda
lecideopsis var. eucarpa (Servít) Vezda
lecideopsis var. kurdistanica (Steiner) Vezda
roseola (Arnold) Lettau (Brodo 1995)
dodgei Vezda = G. hyalinescens
lecideopsis var. convarians (Nyl.) Vezda = G. lecideopsis var. eucarpa
GYALIDEOPSIS Vezda
anastomosans P. James & Vezda
athalloides (Nyl.) Vezda
floridae Etayo & Diederich (Etayo & Diederich 2001)
moodyae Lendemer & Lücking (Lendemer & Lücking 2004)
muscicola P. James & Vezda (Tønsberg 1997)
piceicola (Nyl.) Vezda
vainioi Kalb & Vezda
alnicola W. Noble & Vezda = G. piceicola
GYMNODERMA Nyl.
lineare (A. Evans) Yoshim. & Sharp = Cetradonia linearis
GYPSOPLACA Timdal
macrophylla (Zahlbr.) Timdal
GYROPHORA Ach. = UMBILICARIA
angulata (Tuck.) Herre = Umbilicaria angulata
anthracina (Wulfen) Körber = Umbilicaria rigida
arctica Ach. = Umbilicaria arctica
cylindrica (L.) Ach. = Umbilicaria cylindrica
decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. = Umbilicaria decussata
deusta (L.) Ach. = Umbilicaria deusta
dillenii (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. = Umbilicaria mammulata
erosa (G. Weber) Ach. = Umbilicaria torrefacta
hyperborea Ach. = Umbilicaria hyperborea var. hyperborea
muehlenbergii Ach. = Umbilicaria muehlenbergii
phaea (Tuck.) Nyl. = Umbilicaria phaea
polyphylla (L.) Fink = Umbilicaria polyphylla
polyrrhiza (L.) Körber = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza
vellea (L.) Ach. = Umbilicaria vellea
GYROSTOMUM Fr.
scyphuliferum (Ach.) Nyl.
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HAEMATOMMA A. Massal.
accolens (Stirton) Hillm. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
americanum Kalb & Staiger (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
fenzlianum A. Massal. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
flexuosum Hillm. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
ochroleucum (Necker) J. R. Laundon var. porphyrium
(Pers.) J. R. Laundon Syn.: H. porphyrium
persoonii (Fée) A. Massal. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
rufidulum (Fée) A. Massal. (Staiger & Kalb 1995)
subpuniceum (Müll. Arg.) B. de Lesd.
californicum Sigal & D. Toren = Ophioparma rubricosa
caesium Coppins & P. James = Mycoblastus caesius
cismonicum Beltr. = Loxospora cismonica
coccineum (Dickson) Körber = misidentifications for North America
elatinum (Ach.) A. Massal. = Loxospora elatina
lapponicum Räsänen = Ophioparma lapponica
ochrophaeum (Tuck.) A. Massal. = Loxospora ochrophaea
pacificum Hasse = Ophioparma rubricosa (Staiger & Kalb 1995, Ekman 1996)
porphyrium (Pers.) Zopf = H. ochroleucum var. porphyrium
puniceum auct. North America = H. persoonii
pustulatum Brodo & Culb. = Loxospora pustulata
rappii Zahlbr. = Schismatomma rappii
subpuniceum (Fée) B. de Lesd. = H. fenzlianum
ventosum (L.) A. Massal. = Ophioparma lapponica for North American records
HAFELLIA Kalb, H. Mayrh. & Scheid.
arnoldii (Servít) Hafellner & Türk (Hafellner & Türk
2001) Syn.: Buellia arnoldii
bahiana (Malme) Sheard Syn.: Buellia bahiana
bahiana var. pleiotropa (Malme) Sheard
callispora (C. Knight) H. Mayrh. & Sheard Syn.: Buellia
callispora
curatellae (Malme) Marbach (March 2000)
disciformis (Fr.) Marbach & H. Mayrhofer Syns.: Buellia
disciformis, B. parasema (Marbach 2000)
fosteri Imshaug & Sheard
parastata (Nyl.) Kalb Syns.: Buellia blasteniospora, B.
rinodinospora
HAFELLNERA Houmeau & Cl. Roux
parasemella (Nyl.) Houmeau & Cl. Roux Syn.: Lecidea
parasemella
HALECANIA M. Mayrh.
alpivaga (Th. Fr.) M. Mayrh. Syns.: Lecania alpivaga, L.
thallophila
australis Lumbsch
(van den Boom & Ryan 2004a)
viridescens Coppins & P. James
HARPIDIUM Körber
nashii Scheidegger (Schultz et al. 2000)
glaucophanum (Hasse) Hasse = Rhizoplaca glaucophana
HASSEA
Zahlbr.
bacillosa
(Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Sarcopyrenia bacillosa
*peltigericola (D. Hawks.) U. Braun
HELMINTHOCARPON Fée
leprevostii Fée
HELOCARPON Th. Fr.
crassipes Th. Fr. Syns.: Lecidea crassipes, Micarea crassipes
lesdainii (Zahlbr.) Breuss (Breuss 2001)
corticola Breuss (Etayo 1998) = H. lesdainii
HENRICA B. de Lesd.
HEPPIA Nägeli
adglutinata (Kremp.) A. Massal.
conchiloba Zahlbr.
despreauxii (
lutosa (Ach.) Nyl. Syn.: Solorinaria despreauxii
alumenensis Herre Excluded from North American flora; type not found.
bolanderi (Tuck.) Vainio = Peltula bolanderi
deserticola Zahlbr. = Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
euploca (Ach.) Vainio = Peltula euploca
guepinii (Delise) Nyl. = Peltula euploca
hassei Zahlbr. = Peltula obscurans var. hassei
leptopholis Nyl. ex Hasse = Peltula patellata
macrospora B. de Lesd. = H. conchiloba
placodizans Zahlbr. = Peltula placodizans.
planescens Nyl. Excluded from North American flora; type not found.
polyphylla B. de Lesd. = Peltula euploca
polyspora Tuck. = Peltula patellata
psammophila Nyl. = misidentifications for
richardsii Herre = Peltula richardsii
terrena Nyl. ex Hasse = Peltula patellata
tortuosa (Nees) Vainio = Peltula tortuosa
virescens (Despr.) Nyl. = H. lutosa
zahlbruckneri Hasse = Peltula zahlbruckneri
HERPOTHALLON Tobler = CRYPTOTHECIA
sanguineum (Sw.) Tobler = Cryptothecia rubrocincta
HERTELIANA P. James
alaskensis (Nyl.) S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia alaskensis, Lecidea
alaskensis (Ekman 1996)
HERTELIDEA Printzen & Kantvilas (Printzen & Kantvilas 2004)
botryosa (Fr.) Kantvilas &
Printzen Syns.: Biatora botryosa, Lecidea botryosa (Printzen
& Kantvilas 2004)
pseudobotryosa R. C. Harris, Ladd & Printzen (Printzen & Kantvilas
2004)
HETEROCARPON Müll.
*ochroleucum (Tuck.) Müll.
HETEROCYPHELIUM Vainio
leucampyx (Tuck.) Vainio
HETERODERMIA Trevisan
albicans (Pers.) Swinscow & Krog Syns.: Anaptychia
domingensis, A. ravenelii
appalachensis (Kurok.) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia appalachensis
barbifera (Nyl.) K. P. Singh
boryi (Fée) K. P. Singh & S. R. Singh Syns.: Anaptychia
boryi, A. neoleucomelaena
casarettiana (A. Massal.) Trevisan Syn.: Anaptychia
casarettiana
chondroidea W. A. Weber & D. D. Awasthi Syn.: Anaptychia
chondroidea
comosa (Eschw.) Follm. & Redón (Harris 1995b)
crocea R. C. Harris North American reports of H. corallophora
belong here
dendritica (Pers.) Poelt Syn.: Anaptychia dendritica
diademata (Taylor) D. D. Awasthi Syn.: Anaptychia diademata
echinata (Taylor) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia echinata
erinacea (Ach.) W. A. Weber Syn.: Anaptychia erinacea
galactophylla (Tuck.) Culb. Syns.: Anaptychia comosa (for
North American records), A. galactophylla
granulifera (Ach.) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia granulifera
hypoleuca (Ach.) Trevisan Syn.: Anaptychia hypoleuca
japonica (Sato) Swinscow & Krog
leucomela (L.) Poelt Syn.: Anaptychia "leucomelaena"
microphylla (Kurok.) Skorepa
namaquana Brusse (Esslinger & Bratt 1998)
obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan Syns.: Anaptychia heterochroa, A.
hypoleuca var. colorata, A. obscurata, A. sorediifera
podocarpa (Bél.) Awasthi (Moberg & Nash 1999)
propagulifera (Vainio) J. P. Dey
pseudospeciosa (Kurok.) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia pseudospeciosa
rugulosa (Kurok.) Wetmore
sitchensis Goward & W. Noble
speciosa (Wulfen) Trevisan Syns.: Anaptychia pseudospeciosa
var. tremulans, A. speciosa
squamulosa (Degel.) Culb. Syn.: Anaptychia squamulosa
tropica (Kurok.) Sipman Syn.: Anaptychia tropica (Marcano et al. 1996)
corallophora (Taylor) Skorepa = H. crocea for North American reports
domingensis (Ach.) Trevisan = H. albicans
leucomelaena (L.) Poelt = H. leucomela
neoleucomelaena (Kurok.) Follmann & Redón = H. boryi
tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Culb. = H. speciosa
HETEROPLACIDIUM Breuss (Breuss 1996)
congestum (Breuss & McCune) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium
congestum
podolepis (Breuss) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium podolepis
acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) Breuss = Placidium acarosporoides
HOBSONIA Massee
*christiansenii B. L. Brady & D. Hawksw. =
Illosporiopsis christiansenii
HOBSONIOPSIS D. Hawksw. (Sikaroodi et al. 2001)
*santessonii (Lowen & D.
Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)
HOMOSTEGIA Fuckel
*hertelii
D. Hawksw., V. Atienza & M. Cole
(Hawksworth et al. 2004)
*dermatocarpi Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*parmeliana (Jacz.) Vouaux (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*piggotii (Berk. & Broome) P. Karst. (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
HUBBSIA W. A. Weber (Tehler et al. 1997)
californica (Räsänen) W. A. Weber Syn.: Reinkella californica
parishii (Hasse) Tehler, Lohtander, Myllys & Sundin
lumbricoides W. A. Weber = H. californica
HUILIA Zahlbr. = PORPIDIA
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel = Porpidia albocaerulescens
cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel = Porpidia cinereoatra
crustulata (Ach.) Hertel = Porpidia crustulata
elegantior ( H. Magn.) Hertel = Amygdalaria elegantior
flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel = Porpidia flavocaerulescens
glaucophaea (Körber) Hertel = Porpidia glaucophaea
macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel = Porpidia macrocarpa
melinodes (Körber) Hertel = Porpidia melinodes
nigrocruenta (Anzi) Hertel = Porpidia macrocarpa
panaeola (Ach.) Hertel = Amygdalaria panaeola
platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel = Porpidia platycarpoides
soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) Hertel = Porpidia soredizodes
superba (Körber) Hertel = Porpidia superba
tuberculosa (Sm.) P. James = Porpidia tuberculosa
HYDROTHYRIA J. L. Russell
venosa J. L. Russell
HYMENELIA Kremp.
arctica (Lynge) Lutzoni Syn.: Ionaspis arctica
ceracea (Arnold ) Poelt & Vezda (Status uncertain)
epulotica (Ach.) Lutzoni Syns.: Ionaspis epulotica, Lecanora
epulotica
heteromorpha (Kremp.) Lutzoni Syns.: Ionaspis heteromorpha, I.
annularis, I. ochracella, I. reducta, I. schismatopis
melanocarpa (Kremp.) Arnold Syn.: Ionaspis melanocarpa
rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni Syns.: Ionaspis ochromicra, I.
rhodopis
lacustris (With.) M. Choisy = Ionaspis lacustris
ochrolemma (Vainio) Gowan & Ahti (Gowan & Ahti 1993) = Porpidia
ochrolemma
prevostii (Duby) Kremp. = H. epulotica
HYPERPHYSCIA Müll. Arg.
adglutinata (Flörke) H. Mayrh. & Poelt Syns.: Physcia
adglutinata, P. elaeina, Physciopsis adglutinata, P. elaeina
minor (Fée) D. D. Awasthi Syns.: Physcia minor, Physciopsis
minor
syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb Syns.: Physcia syncolla,
Physciopsis syncolla
HYPOCENOMYCE M. Choisy
anthracophila (Nyl.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider Syns.: Biatora
anthracophila, Lecidea anthracophila, Psora anthracophila (Timdal 2002a)
castaneocinerea (Räsänen) Timdal
friesii (Ach.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider Syns.: Lecidea
friesii, Psora friesii
leucococca R. Sant.
oligospora Timdal (Timdal 2001)
scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy Syns.: Lecidea scalaris, L.
ostreata, Psora scalaris, P. ostreata
sierrae Timdal (2001)
praestabilis (Nyl.) Timdal = Pycnora praestabilis
sorophora (Vainio) P. James & Poelt = Pycnora
sorophora
xanthococca (Sommerf.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider
= Pycnora xanthococca
HYPOGYMNIA (Nyl.) Nyl.
apinnata Goward & McCune
austerodes (Nyl.) Räsänen Syn.: Parmelia austerodes
bitteri (Lynge) Ahti Syn.: Parmelia bitteri
duplicata (Ach.) Rass.
enteromorpha (Ach.) Nyl.
farinacea Zopf
gracilis McCune (McCune 2002)
heterophylla L. Pike
imshaugii Krog
inactiva (Krog) Ohlsson
krogiae Ohlsson
lugubris (Pers.) Krog
metaphysodes (Asah.) Rass.
mollis L. Pike & Hale
occidentalis L. Pike
oceanica Goward
physodes (L.) Nyl. Syns.: Parmelia duplicata var.
douglasicola, P. physodes, P. oregana
pulverata (Nyl. ex Crombie) Elix
rugosa (G. Merr.) L. Pike
schizidiata McCune (McCune 2002)
subcapitata (Nyl.) Rass.
subobscura (Vainio) Poelt Syn.: Parmelia subobscura
subphysodes (Kremp.) Filson (McCune & Rosentreter 1997)
tubulosa (Schaerer) Hav. Syn.: Parmelia tubulosa
vittata (Ach.) Parrique Syn.: Parmelia vittata
atrofusca (Schaerer) Räsänen = Brodoa atrofusca, but North American reports are
misidentifications
bitteriana (Zahlbr.) Räsänen = H. farinacea
elongata (Hillm.) Rass. = H. duplicata
encausta (Sm.) Walter Watson = Brodoa intestiniformis (but see below)
intestiniformis (Vill.) Räsänen = Brodoa intestiniformis, but North American
records are misidentifications of, e.g., Brodoaoroarctica
oroarctica Krog = Brodoa oroarctica
pseudophysodes (Asah.) Rass. North American reports are H. oceanica
HYPOTRACHYNA (Vainio) Hale
costaricensis (Nyl.) Hale
croceopustulata (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia croceopustulata
dactylifera (Vainio) Hale (Nash et al. 1998)
densirhizinata (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia densirhizinata
dentella (Hale & Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia dentella
ensifolia (Kurok.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia ensifolia, P.
lobulifera var. insensitiva
gondylophora (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia gondylophora
imbricatula (Zahlbr.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia imbricatula, P.
lobulifera, P. lobulifera var. luteoreagens
laevigata (Sm.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia laevigata
livida (Taylor) Hale Syn.: Parmelia livida
meridensis Hale & López (Nash, et al. 2002)
oostingii (J. P. Dey) Hale Syn.: Parmelia oostingii
osseoalba (Vainio) Park & Hale Syns.: Parmelia formosana
polydactyla (Krog & Swinscow) T. Nash
producta Hale Syn.: Parmelia producta
prolongata (Kurok.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia prolongata, P.
lobulifera var. sanguineoreagens, P. rachista
pseudosinuosa (Asah.) Hale
pulvinata (Fée) Hale Syn.: Parmelia pulvinata
punoensis Kurok. & K. H. Moon (Nash 2002)
pustulifera (Hale) Skorepa Syn.: Parmelia pustulifera
revoluta (Flörke) Hale Syn.: Parmelia revoluta
riparia McCune (McCune 1998a)
rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia rockii
showmanii Hale
sinuosa (Sm.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia sinuosa
subsaxatilis (B. de Lesd.) Hale
thysanota (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia thysanota
taylorensis (M. E. Mitch.) Hale (Groner & Dietrich 1996)
virginica (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia virginica
formosana (Zahlbr.) Hale = H. osseoalba
rachista (Hale) Hale = H. prolongata
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
ICMADOPHILA Trevisan
ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr.
ILLOSPORIOPSIS D. Hawksw.
*christiansenii (B. L. Brady & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawks.
(Sikaroodi et al. 2001)
ILLOSPORIUM Martius
*carneum Fr.
*corallinum Roberge = Marchandiomyces corallinus
IMMERSARIA Rambold & Pietschmann
athroocarpa (Ach.) Rambold & Pietschm.
carbonoidea (J. W. Thomson) Esnault & Cl. Roux Syn.:
Lecidea carbonoidea
IMSHAUGIA S. F. Meyer
aleurites (Ach.) S. F. Meyer Syn.: Parmeliopsis aleurites
placorodia (Ach.) S. F. Meyer Syn.: Parmeliopsis placorodia
INGVARIELLA Guderley & Lumbsch
bispora (Bagl.) Guderley & Lumbsch (Lumbsch 2004)
INTRALICHEN D. Hawksw. & M. S. Cole
*baccisporus Hawksworth & M. S. Cole (Hawksworth &
Cole 2002)
*christiansenii (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & M. S. Cole Syn.:
Bispora christiansenii (Hawksworth & Cole 2002)
INVOLUCROPYRENIUM Breuss (Breuss 1996)
waltheri (Kremp.) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium waltheri
IONASPIS Th. Fr.
alba Lutzoni
lacustris (With.) Lutzoni Syn.: Hymenelia lacustris, Aspicilia
lacustris, Lecanora lacustris, L. deplanans
lavata H. Magn. Syn.: Lecanora lavata
odora (Ach.) Th. Fr. ex Stein
suaveolens (Fr.) Th. Fr. ex Stein
annularis H. Magn. (Thomson 1997) = Hymenelia heteromorpha
arctica Lynge = Hymenelia arctica
chrysophana (Körber) Stein =
epulotica (Ach.) Blomb. & Forssell = Hymenelia epulotica
heteromorpha (Kremp.)
epulotica var. arctica (Lynge) H. Magn. = Hymenelia arctica
melanocarpa (Kremp.)
ochracella (Nyl.) H. Magn. = Hymenelia heteromorpha
ochromicra (Nyl.)
reducta H. Magn. = Hymenelia heteromorpha
rhodopis (Sommerf.) Blomb. & Forssell = Hymenelia rhodopis
schismatopis (Nyl.)
spitsbergensis H. Magn. = nom. invalidum
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
JAPEWIA Tønsberg
subaurifera Muhr & Tønsberg
tornoënsis (Nyl.) Tønsberg Syns.: Lecidea tornoënsis,
Mycoblastus tornoënsis
carrollii (Coppins & P. James) Tønsberg (Aptroot 1996) = misidentification
for
JARXIA D. Hawksw. (Harris 1995a)
ilicicola R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
thelenula R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
JULELLA Fabre
+asema R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
dispora (Müll.
fallaciosa (
geminella (Nyl.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Polyblastiopsis rappii
+lactea (A. Massal.) M. E. Barr (Harris 1995a)
+sericea (A. Massal.) Coppins (Aptroot 2002b)
sublactea (Nyl.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Clathroporina exiguella, C. amygdalina
+taxodii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
variiformis R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
+vitrispora (Cooke & Harkness) M. E. Barr
(Harris 1995a)
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
KAERNEFELTIA Thell & Goward (Thell & Goward 1996)
californica (Tuck.) Thell & Goward (Thell & Goward 1996)
Syns.: Alectoria californica, A. cetrariza, Cetraria californica,Cornicularia
californica
merrillii (Du Rietz) Thell & Goward (Thell & Goward
1996) Syns.:Cetraria merrillii, Tuckermannopsis merrillii
KALCHBRENNERIELLA Diederich & M. S. Christ.
*cyanescens (Kalchbr.)
Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 2002)
KARSCHIA Körber
*talcophila (Ach.) Körber (Hafellner 2004d)
*athallina (Müll.
*inops Triebel & Rambold = Buelliella inops
KARSTENIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
*peltigerae (P. Karst.) D.
Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
KILIASIA Hafellner = TONINIA
athallina (Hepp) Hafellner = Toninia athallina
philippea (
KIRSCHSTEINIOTHELIA D. Hawksw. Omitted as a totally saprophytic genus
KOERBERIA A. Massal.
biformis A. Massal.
sonomensis (Tuck.) Henssen Syn.: Pannaria sonomensis
KOERBERIELLA Stein
wimmeriana (Körber) Stein
KOHLMEYERA Schatz
complicatula (Nyl.) Schatz Syns.: Mastodia tesselata,
Turgidosculum complicatulum
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
LAEVIOMYCES D. Hawksw. = LICHENODIPLIS
*lecanoricola M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole
& Hawksworth 2001) = Lichenodiplis lecanoricola
*pertusariicola (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. = Lichenodiplis pertusariicola
LAHMIA Körber
fueistingii Körber = Arthrorhaphis grisea
LASALLIA Mérat
papulosa (Ach.) Llano Syns.: Umbilicaria pustulata var.
papulosa, U. papulosa
pensylvanica (Hoffm.) Llano Syn.: Umbilicaria pensylvanica
pustulata (L.) Mérat Syn.: Umbilicaria pustulata
pustulata subsp. papulosa (Ach.) W. A. Weber = L. papulosa
LASIOSPHAERIOPSIS D. Hawksw. & Sivan.
*stereocaulicola (Lindsay) O.
E. Eriksson & R. Sant. (Zhurbenko & Daniëls 2003)
LAUDERLINDSAYA J. C. David & D. Hawksw. (McCune 1997)
*borreri (Tul.) J. C. David
& D. Hawksw. (McCune 1997)
LAURERA Rchb.
megasperma (
subdisjuncta (Müll.
madreporiformis (Eschw.) Riddle = Bathelium madreporiforme (Harris 1995a)
varia (Fée) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for
LECANACTIS Körber
abietina (Ach.) Körber
[Bacidia akompsa (Tuck.) Fink]
californica Tuck.
dubia G. Merr.
epileuca (Nyl.) Tehler Syns.: Platygrapha subattingens,
Schismatomma subattingens
salicina Zahlbr.
amylacea (Ehrh. ex Pers.)
chloroconia Tuck. = Cresponea chloroconia
dimelaenoides Egea & Torrente = Lecanographa dimelaenoides
*grumulosa (Dufour) Fr. = Lecanographa grumulosa
illicebrosa (Dufour) Fr. = Lecanographa amylacea
megaspora (G. Merr.) Brodo = L. abietina
nashii Egea & Torrente = Lecanographa hypothallina
patellarioides (Nyl.) Vainio = Bactrospora patellarioides
premnea (Ach.)
ravenelii (Tuck.) R. C. Harris = Opegrapha ravenelii
subattingens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = L. epileuca
subdryophila Follmann & Vezda = Lecanographa subdryophila
LECANIA A. Massal.
arizonica B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den
Boom & Ryan 2004b)
brattiae B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den
Boom & Ryan 2004b)
brunonis (Tuck.) Herre
californica (Zahlbr.) Fink
caloplacicola B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den Boom
& Ryan 2004b)
chalcophila B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den
Boom & Ryan 2004b)
coeruleorubella (Mudd) M. Mayrhofer
(van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
constricta W. A. Weber
cuprea (A. Massal.) v. d. Boom & Coppins Syn.: Bacidia
cuprea, B. cupreorosella,
cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr.
disceptans (Nyl.) Lynge
dubitans (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.
dudleyi Herre
erysibe (Ach.) Mudd
flavescens Lynge (Thomson 1997)
fructigena Zahlbr.
fuscella (Schaerer) Körber
fuscelloides B. D. Ryan & van den Boom (van den
Boom & Ryan 2004b)
[Catillaria groenlandica Lynge]
hassei (Zahlbr.) W. Noble Syn.: Solenopsora hassei
inundata (Hepp ex Körber) M. Mayrhofer (van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & v. d. Boom Syn.: Bacidia
naegelii (Ekman 1996)
nylanderiana A. Massal.
pepegospora H. Magn.
perproxima (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
polycycla (Anzi) Lettau (van den Boom & B. D.
Ryan 2004b)
rabenhorstii (Hepp) Arnold (van den Boom & B. D. Ryan 2004b)
ryaniana van den Boom (van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
shastensis Herre
stigmatella (Tuck.) S. Ekman (Ekman 1996) Syn.: Bacidia
stigmatella
subcaesia (Nyl.) B. de Lesd.
subdispersa (Nyl.) Hasse
subfuscula (Nyl.) S. Ekman (Ekman 1996) Syn.: Bacidia
subfuscula
toninioides Zahlbr.
turicensis (Hepp) Müll.
albariella (Nyl.) Müll.
alpivaga Th. Fr. = Halecania alpivaga
arctica Lynge = Caloplaca diphyodes
cyathiformis Szatala (Tavares et al. 1997) = Solenopsora cyathiformis
cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst. = L. cyrtella
curvescens (Mudd) A. L. Sm. = Bryonora curvescens
dimera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = L. dubitans
syringea (Ach.) Th. Fr. = L. fuscella
tenera (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Lecanora tenera
thallophila H. Magn. = Halecania alpivaga
LECANOGRAPHA Egea & Torrente
aggregata? Egea & Torrente (Egea et al. 2004b)
amylacea (Ehrh. ex Pers.) Egea & Torrente Syns.:
Lecanactis amylacea, L. illecebrosa, Opegrapha illecebrosa
dimelaenoides (Egea & Torrente) Egea & Torrente Syn.:
Lecanactis dimelaenoides
*grumulosa (Dufour) Egea & Torrente Syns.: Opegrapha
diaphoroides, Lecanactis grumulosa, but questionable for
hypothallina (Zahlbr.) Egea & Torrente Syns.: Platygrapha
hypothallina, Schismatomma hypothallinum, Opegrapha hypothallina, O. hassei,
Lecanactis nashii
lyncea (Sm.) Egea &
lynceoides (Müll.
subdryophila (Follmann & Vezda) Egea & Torrente
Syn.: Lecanactis subdryophila
LECANORA Ach.
achroides Vainio
actophila Wedd.
alaskensis H. Magn.
albella (Pers.) Ach. var. albella
albella var. rubescens (Imshaug & Brodo)
Lumbsch
albellula Nyl. (Printzen 2001)
albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostrup
albocaesiella B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan et al. 2004)
albula (Nyl.)
aleutica H. Magn.
allophana Nyl.
anoptiza Nyl.
apochraeoides Vainio
applegatei Herre
arenisaxicola B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan et al. 2004)
argentata (Ach.) Malme
argentea Oksner & Volkova
argopholis (Ach.) Ach.
atrosulphurea (Wahlenb.) Ach.
beringii Nyl. ("behringii")
bicincta Ramond
bipruinosa Fink
boligera (
brattiae B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan et al. 2004)
brodoana Lumbsch & T. Nash
[Parmularia brouardii B. de Lesd.]
cadubriae (A. Massal.) Hedl. Syns.: Lecidea cadubriae, L.
ramulicola
caesiorubella Ach. subsp. caesiorubella
caesiorubella subsp. glaucomodes (Nyl.)
Imshaug & Brodo
caesiorubella subsp. merrillii Imshaug &
Brodo
caesiorubella subsp. saximontana Imshaug
& Brodo
caesiosulphurea Vainio
californica Brodo
campestris (Schaerer) Hue
canadensis Lynge & H. Magn.
carneolutescens Nyl. (Lumbsch et al. 2003)
carpinea (L.) Vainio
cateilea (Ach.) A. Massal.
[Lecidea caulophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
cavicola Creveld (Nash et al. 1998)
cenisia Ach.
chlarotera Nyl.
chlorophaeodes Nyl.
cinereofusca H. Magn. var. cinereofusca
cinereofusca var. appalachensis Brodo
circumborealis Brodo & Vitik.
cladonioides Lynge
collatolica J. W. Thomson & T. Nash
comonduensis T. Nash & Hertel (Nash & Hertel 1997)
confusa Almb.
congesta Lynge
coniferarum Printzen (Printzen 2001)
conizaeoides Nyl. ex Crombie
contractula Nyl.
crenulata Hook.
crustacea (Savicz) Zahlbr. (Ryan & Nash 1997b)
cupressi Tuck.
demosthenesii Lumbsch & Messuti (Lumbsch et al. 2003)
densa (Sliwa & Wetmore) Printzen (Printzen 2001)
deplanans Nyl.
discoënsis Lynge
dispersa (Pers. ) Sommerf.
dispersoareolata (Schaerer) Lamy
elmorei E. D. Rudolph
epanora (Ach.) Ach.
epibryon (Ach.) Ach.
expallens Ach.
farinaria Borrer
floridula Lumbsch
flotoviana Sprengel
(Ryan et al. 2004)
flowersiana H. Magn.
fugiens? Nyl. (Ryan et al. 2004)
fuscescens (Sommerf.) Nyl. Syn.: Lecidea fuscescens
fuscidula Degel.
gangaleoides Nyl.
garovaglii (Körber) Zahlbr. subsp. garovaglii
garovaglii subsp. cascadensis (H. Magn.) B. D.
Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan et al. 2004)
geiserae B. D. Ryan (Ryan et al.
2004)
geophila (Th. Fr.) Poelt
glabrata (Ach.) Malme
glaucopsina Nyl.
granulifera (Ach.) Nyl.
groenlandica Lynge
gyalectodes Nyl.
gypsicola St. Clair & Newberry (Rajvanshi et al. 1998)
hagenii (Ach.) Ach.
helicopis (Wahlenb.) Ach. (identification uncertain)
horiza (Ach.) Lindsay
hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo
hypopta (Ach.) Vainio Syn.: Lecidea hypopta
hypoptoides (Nyl.) Nyl.
impudens Degel.
imshaugii Brodo
insignis Degel.
intricata (Ach.) Ach.
intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh.
iowensis Fink
jamesii Laundon (Tønsberg 1997)
juniperina Ðliwa (Ryan et al. 2004)
kariana Räsänen
kofae B. D. Ryan & T. Nash
laatokkaensis (Räsänen) Poelt
latens Printzen (Printzen 2001)
laxa (Śliwa & Wetmore) Printzen (Printzen 2001)
leprosa Fée
leptacina Sommerf.
leptacinella Nyl.
lividolutea Räsänen
louisianae B. de Lesd.
luteovernalis Brodo
marginata (Schaerer) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea
marginata, L. elata, L. purissima. See note under "Lecidea amylacea."
maxima Lynge
mazatzalensis B. D. Ryan & T. Nash
melaena (Hedl.) Fink
mellea W. A. Weber
meridionalis H. Magn.
microbola Lamb
microfusca Lynge
miculata Ach.
minutella Nyl.
monticola H. Magn.
mughicola Nyl.
muralis (Schreber) Rabenh. Syn.: Protoparmeliopsis muralis
muralis var. brunneola (Mereschk.) Ryan &
Nash (Nash et al. 1998)
muralis var. versicolor (Pers.) Tuck.
nashii B. D. Ryan
(Ryan et al. 2004)
neoalbomarginata Gyelnik
neodegelii B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash Syn.: Squamarina
degelii (Ryan et al. 2004)
nigromarginata H. Magn.
nordenskioeldii Vainio
novae-semliae Zahlbr.
novomexicana H. Magn. Syn.: Parmularia novomexicana
ochraceorubescens Arnold (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
olivaceopallida H. Magn.
opiniconensis Brodo
orae-frigidae R. Sant.
oreinoides (Körber) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea
oreinodes, L. tennessensis, L. tesselina
orizabana Vainio (Lumbsch et al. 2003)
orosthea (Ach.) Ach. Syn.: Lecidea orosthea
pacifica Tuck. Syn.: L. tetraspora
peltastictoides Hasse (Knudsen 2003)
permutata Zahlbr.
perplexa Brodo
persimilis (Th. Fr.) Nyl.
phaedrophthalma Poelt var. phaedrophthalma
phaedrophthalma var. christoi (W. A. Weber) B. D.
Ryan (Ryan et al. 2004)
phaeophora (Stizenb.) H. Magn. Syn.: Lecidea phaeophora
phryganitis Tuck.
pinguis Tuck.
placidensis (Magnusson) Knoph, Leuckert & Rambold (Knoph
& Leuckert 1994) Syns.: Lecidea placidensis, Lecidella placidensis,
Fuscidea placidensis
plumosa Müll. Arg. (Nash et al. 1998)
poliophaea (Wahlenb.) Ach.
poluninii Lynge
polytropa (Hoffm.) Rabenh.
populicola (DC.) Duby
praecrenata Nyl.
pringlei (Tuck.) Lamb subsp. pringlei Syn: Lecidea
pringlei
pringlei subsp. brandegei (Tuck.) Ryan (Ryan
et al. 2004)
pseudargentata Lumbsch (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
pseudistera Nyl.
pseudomellea B. D. Ryan
pulicaris (Pers.) Ach.
ramulicola (H. Magn.) Printzen & P. May (Printzen &
May 2002)
reagens Norman
rhodi Szatala (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
rubicunda Bagl.
rugosella Zahlbr.
rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Glaucomaria rupicola, G. sordida
salicicola H. Magn.
saligna (Schrader) Zahlbr. Syn.: Lecanoropsis saligna
salina H. Magn.
sambuci (Pers.) Nyl.
scrobiculata (Th. Fr.) Øvstedal & Elix Syn.:
Lecidea scrobiculata (Elix & Øvstedal 2004)
semipallida H. Magn. (Fryday 2004)
semitensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
sierrae B. D. Ryan & T. Nash
sipeana H. Magn.
sophodopsella Nyl.
stenospora Stizenb. Syn.: Acarospora stenospora
stenotropa Nyl. (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
straminea Ach.
strobilina (Sprengel) Kieffer
subaurea Zahlbr.
subcarnea (Lilj.) Ach.
subcavicola B. D. Ryan
(Ryan et al. 2004)
subimmergens Vainio
subintricata (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
subpallens Zahlbr. (Lumbsch et
al. 1997, Lendemer 2004)
subrugosa Nyl.
substrobilina Printzen (Printzen 2001)
sulphurea (Hoffm.) Ach. Syn.: Lecidea sulphurea
swartzii (Ach.) Ach. (Nash et al. 1998)
symmicta (Ach.) Ach. Syns.: Lecidea symmicta
tenera (Nyl.) Crombie
texana W. A. Weber
thallophila H. Magn.
thomsonii H. Magn.
thysanophora Harris (Harris et al. 2000)
torrida Vainio
tristiuscula H. Magn.
umbrina (Ach.) A. Massal.
umbrosa Degel.
utahensis H. Magn.
valesiaca (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb.
varia (Hoffm.) Ach.
vegae Malme
verrucariicola B. D. Ryan
(Ryan et al. 2004)
victoriae (F. Wilson) Tibell (Nash et al. 1998)
viriduloflava B. de Lesd.
weberi B. D. Ryan
wetmorei Ðliwa (Ryan et al. 2004)
willeyi Tuck.
wisconsinensis H. Magn.
xanthosora B. D. Ryan & Poelt
xylophila Hue
zosterae (Ach.) Nyl.
albomarginata (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia albomarginata
albopruinosa Looman = an Aspicilia sp.
alboradiata H. Magn. = Aspicilia alboradiata
aliena Zahlbr. = Aspicilia aliena
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Ach. = Lobothallia alphoplaca
alpina Sommerf. = Bellemerea alpina
americana (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia americana
annulata Lynge = Aspicilia annulata
anseris Lynge = Aspicilia anseris
aquatica (Körber) Hepp = Aspicilia aquatica
arctica Lynge = Aspicilia arctica
arizonica (Tuck. ex Willey) W. A. Weber = Omphalora arizonica
atra (Hudson) Ach. = Tephromela atra
atriseda (Fr.) Nyl. = Protoparmelia atriseda
atrynea (Ach.) Röhl. = Lecanora cenisia
badia (Hoffm.) Ach. = Protoparmelia badia
basaltica Lynge = Aspicilia narssaquensis
bockii (Fr.) Rabenh. = Rimularia gibbosa
bolanderi Tuck. = Cladidium bolanderi
caesiocinerea Nyl. ex Malbr. = Aspicilia caesiocinerea
caesiopruinosa H. Magn. = Aspicilia caesiopruinosa
caesiorubella subsp. lathamii Imshaug & Brodo = L. caesiorubella subsp.
prolifera
caesiorubella subsp. prolifera (Fink) R. C. Harris = L. subpallens
calcarea (L.) Sommerf. = Aspicilia calcarea
cancriformis (Hoffm.) Vainio = L. caesiorubella Ach. subsp. caesiorubella
candida (Anzi) Nyl. = Aspicilia candida
cascadensis H. Magn. = L. garovaglii
castanea (Hepp) Th. Fr. = Bryonora castanea
chlarona (Ach.) Nyl. = L. pulicaris
chloropolia (Erichsen) Almb. = L. impudens for most North American records
christoi W. A. Weber = L. phaedrophthalma var. christoi
chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach. = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca
cinerea (L.) Sommerf. = Aspicilia cinerea
cinereorufescens (Ach.) Hepp = Bellemerea cinereorufescens
cingulata Zahlbr. = Aspicilia cingulata
circinata (Pers.) Ach. = Lobothallia radiosa
coilocarpa auct. = L. circumborealis
coilocarpa (Ach.) Nyl. = L. pulicaris
composita Lynge = Aspicilia composita
concinna J. W. Thomson = an Aspicilia sp.
conizaea auct. = L. strobilina
conizaea (Ach.) Nyl. ex Crombie = L. expallens
contorta (Hoffm.) J. Steiner = Aspicilia contorta
degelii Schauer & Brodo = L. cinereofusca var. cinereofusca
demissa (Körber) Zahlbr. = Caloplaca demissa
deplanans Nyl. = Ionaspis lacustris
(Lendemer & Yahr 2004)
desertorum Kremp. = Aspicilia desertorum
diffracta Ach. = L. muralis
diphasia Tuck. = Caloplaca diphasia
disserpens (Zahlbr.) H. Magn. = Aspicilia disserpens
distans (Pers. ex Ach.) Nyl. = L. populicola
effusa (Hoffm.) Ach. = L. saligna
elevata Lynge = Aspicilia elevata
epulotica (Ach.) Nyl. = Hymenelia epulotica
eyerdamii Herre = L. xylophila
fimbriata H. Magn. = Aspicilia fimbriata
flavida Hepp = Eiglera flavida
flavopunctata Tønsberg = Biatora flavopunctata
floridana Tuck. = Caloplaca floridana
frustulosa (Dickson) Ach. = L. argopholis for North American records excluding
Greenland
fuliginosa Brodo = L. argentea
fuscidula Degelius = L. minutella Nyl. (LaGreca & Lumbsch 2001)
galactinula Vainio = L. pseudistera
gelida (L.) Ach. = Placopsis gelida
gibbosa (Ach.) Nyl. = Aspicilia gibbosa
gibbosula H. Magn. = Aspicilia gibbosa
glaucomela Tuck. = Pertusaria glaucomela
glaucophana Nyl. ex Hasse = Rhizoplaca glaucophana
granatina Sommerf. = Euopsis granatina
grandis H. Magn. = Protoparmelia badia
grantii H. Magn. = L. xylophila
haydenii Tuck. = Rhizoplaca haydenii
heteroplaca Zahlbr. = Aspicilia heteroplaca
holophaea (Mont.) Nyl. = Solenopsora holophaea
hypospilota Vainio = L. oreinoides
incusa (Fr.) Vainio = L. demissa
intrudens H. Magn. = Miriquidica intrudens
lacustris (With.) Nyl. = Ionaspis lacustris
laevata (Ach.) Nyl. = Aspicilia laevata
laevis Poelt = L. horiza, but N. American records are L. xylophila
lavata (H. Magn.) Fink = Ionaspis lavata
lentigera (Weber) Ach. = Squamarina lentigera
lesleyana (Darbish.) Paulson = Aspicilia lesleyana
limitata H. Magn. = Aspicilia limitata
marginalis Hasse = Rhizoplaca marginalis
mastoidea Lynge = Aspicilia mastoidea
mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Ach. (Wetmore 1967) = Aspicilia mastrucata
melanaspis (Ach.) Ach. = Lobothallia melanaspis
melanophthalma (DC.) Ramond = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma
mniaroeiza Nyl. = Rinodina mniaroeiza
morioides (Blomb. ex Arnold) Blomb. = Clauzadeana macula
mutabilis Sommerf. = L. intricata
mutabilis (Ach.) Nyl. = Megaspora verrucosa
myrinii (Fr.) Tuck. = Aspilidea myrinii
narssaquensis Lynge = Aspicilia narssaquensis
nephaea Sommerf. = Protoparmelia nephaea
nikrapensis (Darbish.) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia nikrapensis
nevadensis H. Magn. = L. garovaglii
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = identity uncertain
occidentalis (Lynge) Lynge = L. argopholis
ochrococca (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Protoparmelia ochrococca
oregana Tuck. = L. argopholis (Ach.) Ach.
pachythallina Lynge = L. geophila
palanderi Vainio = L. zosterae
pallida (Schreber) Rabenh. var. pallida = L. albella var. albella
pallida var. rubescens Imshaug & Brodo = L. albella var. rubescens
parisiensis Nyl. = L. horiza
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Sommerf. = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
peltata (Ramond) Steudel = Rhizoplaca peltata
pergibbosa H. Magn. = Aspicilia pergibbosa
perradiata Nyl. = Aspicilia perradiata
pertusa Lynge = Aspicilia pertusa
phaeobola Tuck. = Protoparmelia ochrococca
pinastri (Schaerer) H. Magn. = L. pulicaris
piniperda Körber = L. albellula Nyl. (Printzen 2001)
pleiospora Nyl. = Acarospora
thelococcoides
pleistospora Nyl. = Acarospora
thelococcoides
plicigera Zahlbr. = Aspicilia plicigera
polychroma (Anzi) Nyl. = Aspicilia polychroma
praeradiosa Nyl. = Lobothallia praeradiosa
pruinosa Chaub. Not in North America
pseudochlarotera Brodo = L. hybocarpa
radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaerer = Lobothallia radiosa
reptans Looman = Aspicilia reptans
riparia G. Merr. non (Flotow) M. Steiner = L. xylophila
rolleana (Hue) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia rolleana
rosulata (Körber) Stizenb. = Aspicilia rosulata
rubina (Vill.) Ach. = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca
ryrkaipiae H. Magn. = Aspicilia ryrkaipiae
sanguinea (Kremp.) Mig. = Bellemerea sanguinea
sordida (Pers.) Th. Fr. = L. rupicola
stygioplaca Nyl. = Aspicilia subradians
subfusca (L.) Ach. = nom. rej. prop. = L. allophana
subfuscata H. Magn. = L. argentata
sublapponica Zahlbr. = Aspicilia sublapponica
subolivascens Nyl. = Caloplaca demissa
subpallida G. Merr. non C. Knight = L. caesiorubella subsp. prolifera
subradians Nyl. = Aspicilia subradians
subradiascens Nyl. = Aspicilia subradians
superfluens H. Magn. = L. geophila
supertegens (Arnold) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia supertegens
sylvestris (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = L. rubicunda
symmictera Nyl. = L. symmicta
tenuis H. Magn. = an Aspicilia sp.
tesselina (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = L. oreinoides
tetraspora H. Magn. = L. pacifica
thamnitis Tuck. = Cladidium bolanderi
thamnoplaca Tuck. = Lobothallia alphoplaca
thelococcoides Nyl. = Acarospora thelococcoides
(Lendemer 2004a)
thomsonii H. Magn. = L. novomexicana
urceolata (Fr.) Wetmore = Megaspora verrucosa
varia subsp. densa Śliwa & Wetmore (Śliwa & Wetmore 2000) =
L. densa
varia subsp. laxa Śliwa & Wetmore (Śliwa & Wetmore 2000) = L.
laxa
variolascens auct. = L. impudens for North American records
verrucigera (Hue) Zahlbr. = Aspicilia verrucigera
verrucosa (Ach.) Laurer = Megaspora verrucosa
versicolor (Pers.) Ach. = L. muralis var. versicolor
LECANOROPSIS M. Choisy
saligna (Schrader) M. Choisy = Lecanora saligna
LECIDEA Ach.
admiscens Nyl.
ahlesii (Körber) Nyl. (Harris 1995b)
aitema Ach.
albofuscescens Nyl.
albohyalina (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Biatora albohyalina (Printzen
& Tønsberg 1999)
alpestris Sommerf.
amaurospoda (Anzi) Vainio Syns.: Biatora pullata, Lecidea
pullata (Printzen 1995)
amniculensis Lowe
atomaria Th. Fr.
atrobrunnea (Lam. & DC.) Schaerer subsp. atrobrunnea
atrobrunnea subsp. saxosa Hertel & Leuckert (Hertel & Printzen 2004)
atrobrunnea subsp. stictica Hertel & Leuckert (Hertel & Printzen 2004)
atromarginata H. Magn.
atroviridis (
auriculata Th. Fr. ssp. auriculata
(Hertel & Andreev 2003)
auriculata ssp. brachyspora Th. Fr. (Hertel
& Andreev 2003)
baffiniana H. Magn.
berengeriana (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. (Hertel & Printzen 2004)
betulicola (Kullh.) H. Magn. f. endamylea
(Hedl.) Hinteregger (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
brachyspora (Th. Fr.) Nyl.
brodoana Hertel
& Leuckert (Hertel & Printzen
2004)
brunneofusca H. Magn.
californica Zahlbr.
carneoalbens Nyl.
carnulenta (Tuck.) Fink
cascadensis H. Magn.
cellularis Lowe
cinerata Zahlbr.
columnata Lowe
confluens (Weber) Ach.
congesta Fink
crassilabra Müll.
crisima Nyl.
cruciaria Tuck.
cyrtidia Tuck. (Harris 1997)
degelii H. Magn.
delincta Nyl.
deminutula H. Magn.
despecta Th. Fr.
diapensiae Th. Fr.
diducens Nyl.
dolodes Nyl.
eckfeldtii Zahlbr.
ecrustacea (Anzi ex
ementiens Nyl.
enterophaea Vainio
erythrophaea Flörke ex Sommerf.
extenuata Vainio
flavidolivens (Tuck.) Fink
floridensis Nyl.
fuliginosa
furfurosa Tuck. ex Nyl.
furva Lowe
furvonigrans (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
fuscatoatra Nyl.
fuscoatra (L.) Ach.
fuscoatrina
Hertel & Leuckert (Hertel &
Printzen 2004)
glaucopholis Nyl.
goniophiloides B. de Lesd.
haerjedalica H.
Magn. (Fryday 2004)
hassei Zahlbr.
holopolia (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
homosema Nyl.
humilis Lowe
hypomela Nyl.
intropallida Fink
katahdinensis Degel.
kingmanii
(Hasse) Hertel & S. Ekman (Hertel
& Printzen 2004)
laboriosa Müll.
labradorica
lapicida (Ach.) Ach. var. lapicida (Hertel & Andreev
2003)
lapicida var. pantherina Ach. (Hertel &
Andreev 2003)
lepidastra (Tuck.) Hasse
leprarioides Tønsberg
leucothallina
lithophila (Ach.) Ach.
louisianae B. de Lesd.
lyngei Degel.
mamillana Tuck.
mannii Tuck.
marciensis Lowe
marylandensis H. Magn.
meiocarpa Nyl. var. tacomensis Printzen &
Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
melaphanoides Nyl.
merrillii H. Magn.
micytho Tuck.
moreliiensis B. de Lesd.
mutabilis Fée
myriocarpella (G. Merr.) Zahlbr.
nearingii H. Magn.
nemoralis Lowe
nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr.
occidentalis Lynge
olivascens Th. Fr.
pacifica Herre
paddensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
paupercula Th. Fr. (Hertel & Andreev 2003)
peliaspis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
phaeopelidna Vainio
phaeops Nyl.
picea Lynge
plana (J. Lahm) Nyl.
planetica Tuck.
plebeja Nyl.
polaris Lynge
polycocca Sommerf.
populina Müll.
praenubila Nyl.
praetermissa Tønsberg
promiscens Nyl.
protabacina Nyl.
pseudaglaea Hertel
(Hertel & Printzen 2004)
pulla Lowe
pumicicola H. Magn.
pycnocarpa (Körber) Ohlert
ramulosa Th. Fr.
rivulorum H. Magn.
roseotincta Coppins & Tønsberg
rufofusca (Anzi) Nyl.
rugosa Lowe
santae-monicae H. Magn.
sauteri Körber
(Hertel & Printzen 2004)
schizopeltica Hertel & Leuckert (Hertel & Printzen 2004)
scrupulosa (Eckf.) H. Magn.
silacea Ach.
somphoterella Vainio
soredifera Lowe
sphaerella Hedl. = a species of Lecania? (Printzen 1995)
steineri Hertel
subaglaea B. de Lesd.
subcandida H. Magn.
subplebeja Vainio
subramosa Lowe
subrhagadiella Lynge
subtilis Degel.
swartzioidea Nyl.
syncarpa Zahlbr. (McCune 1998b)
tenayucae B. de Lesd.
tenuissima Lynge
tessellata Flörke
tessellata var. caesia (Anzi)
theodori Lynge
torquens Müll.
trapelioides Printzen
(Hertel & Printzen 2004)
truckeei Herre
umbonata (Hepp) Mudd
varians Ach.
(Hertel & Printzen 2004)
violascens H. Magn.
virginiensis Calk. & Nyl.
xanthococcoides Zahlbr.
ablephora Nyl. = Ramonia ablephora
acrocyanea (Th. Fr.) H. Magn. = Lecidella patavina
adirondackii H. Magn. = Psilolechia clavulifera
aenea (Fr.) Nyl. = Miriquidica garovaglii
aeruginosa Borrer = Trapeliopsis flexuosa
aglaea Sommerf. = Calvitimela aglaea
aglaeida Nyl. = Calvitimela aglaea
alaiensis Vainio = Lecidella patavina
alaskensis Nyl. = Herteliana alaskensis
albidocinerella (Vainio) Vainio = Lecidella effugiens
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach. = Porpidia albocaerulescens
albosuffusa Th. Fr. = Farnoldia jurana
aleutica Degel. (See note under Fuscidea lowensis)
amabilis B. de Lesd. = Carbonea latypizodes
"amylacea Ach. 1810" nom. illeg. Probably refers to Lecanora
marginata
aniptiza Stirton = Micarea denigrata
anthracophila Nyl. = Hypocenomyce
anthracophila
antoniensis H. Magn. = L. hassei
apochroeiza Nyl. = Biatora subduplex
arctica Sommerf. = Frutidella caesioatra
arctogena (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier = Calvitimela
testaceoatra
arcuatula (
armeniaca (DC.) Fr. = Calvitimela armeniaca
assimilata Nyl. = Micarea assimilata
assimilis (Körber) Th. Fr. = Carbonea assimilis
associata Th. Fr. = Geltingia associata
atrata (Ach.) Wahlenb. = Tremolecia atrata
atrofulva Sommerf. = Miriquidica atrofulva
atrofusca (Hepp) Mudd = Mycobilimbia hypnorum
atrolutescens Nyl. = L. mannii
atronivea
austrocalifornica Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia
austrocalifornica
berengeriana (A. Massal.) Nyl. = Mycobilimbia berengeriana
botryosa (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Hertelidea botryosa
brandegei Tuck. = Lecanora pringlei subsp. brandegei
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr. = Psorula rufonigra
brujeriana (D. Dietr.) Leighton = Trapelia mooreana
cadubriae (A. Massal.) Nyl. = Lecanora cadubriae
caeca Lowe = Rimularia caeca
caesioatra Schaerer = Frutidella caesioatra
caesiocoronata Lowe = L. olivascens
calcivora (Ehrh.) Nyl. = Clauzadea immersa
carbonoidea J. W. Thomson = Immersaria carbonoidea
carpathica (Körber) Szatala = Lecidella carpathica
catalinaria Stizenb. = Lecidella asema
caulophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = a Lecanora sp.
chalybeiza Nyl.= Micarea erratica (Harris 1997; Coppins & Muhr 1997)
cinereoatra Ach. = Porpidia cinereoatra
cinereorufa Schaerer = Schaereria cinereorufa
cinnabarina Sommerf. = Pyrrhospora cinnabarina
circumnigrata H. Magn. = Miriquidica pulvinata
circumnigrata var. reagens H. Magn. = Miriquidica lulensis
coarctata (Sm.) Nyl. = Trapelia coarctata
columbiana H. Magn. = L. tessellata
conferenda Nyl. = Adelolecia kolaensis
contigua Fr. = Porpidia macrocarpa
coroniformis Kremp. = Psora crenata
crassipes (Th. Fr.) Nyl. = Helocarpon crassipes
crenata (
crustulata (Ach.) Sprengel = Porpidia crustulata
cuprea Sommerf. = Biatora cuprea
cyanea (Ach.) Rohl. = L. tessellata
cyanescens Lynge = L. lapicida
cyathoides (Ach.) Ach. = Fuscidea cyathoides
decipiens (Hedwig) Ach. = Psora decipiens
demissa (Rutstr.) Ach. = Lecidoma demissum
deustata Zahlbr. = Miriquidica deusta
dicksonii auct. = Tremolecia atrata
dicksonii (Gmelin) Ach. = nomen dubium
dilutiuscula Nyl. = Micarea bauschiana
diversa Lowe = Porpidia diversa
efflorescens (Hedl.) Erichsen = Biatora efflorescens
elabens Fr. = Pyrrhospora elabens
elaeochroma (Ach.) Ach. = Lecidella elaeochroma
elata Schaerer = Lecanora marginata
elegantior H. Magn. = Amygdalaria elegantior
endolithea Lynge = Lecidella patavina
enteroleuca auct. = Lecidella spp.
epiiodiza Nyl. = Schaereria endocyanea
epixanthoidiza Nyl. nom. rej. prop. = Biatora efflorescens
erratica Körber = Micarea erratica
euphorea (Flörke) Nyl. = Lecidella euphorea
evansii H. Magn. = Lecidella carpathica
fissuriseda Poelt = Mycobilimbia fissuriseda
flavocaerulescens Hornem. = Porpidia flavocaerulescens
flexuosa (Fr.) Nyl. = Trapeliopsis flexuosa
friesii Ach. = Hypocenomyce friesii
furfuracea Pers. = Phyllopsora furfuracea
furvella Nyl. ex Mudd = Rimularia furvella
fusca (Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Mycobilimbia hypnorum
fuscescens Sommerf. = Lecanora fuscescens
fuscocinerea Nyl. = Schaereria fuscocinerea
garovaglii Schaerer = Miriquidica garovaglii
gelatinosa Flörke = Trapeliopsis gelatinosa
geophana Nyl. = Steinia geophana
glaucophaea Körber = Porpidia glaucophaea
glebulosa (Fr.) Clem. = Trapeliopsis wallrothii
globulosa Flörke = Biatora globulosa
globifera Ach. = Psora globifera
glomerulosa (DC.) Steudel = Lecidella euphorea
goniophila auct. = Lecidella anomaloides
granulata H. Magn. = Lecidella granulata
granulosa (Hoffm.) Ach. = Trapeliopsis granulosa
gregaria G. Merr. = Trapelia involuta
grisella Flörke ex Schaerer = L. fuscoatra
gyrodes H. Magn. = a Fuscidea sp.
hebescens Nyl. = Porpidia albocaerulescens (Lendemer 2004a)
helvola (Körber) Th. Fr. = Biatora helvola
helvola var. longispora Degel. = Biatora longispora
heppii R. Anderson & W. A. Weber = Lecidella wulfenii
homalodes Nyl. = L. tessellata Flörke (Hertel 1991)
humosa (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Placynthiella uliginosa
hypnorum Lib. = Mycobilimbia hypnorum
hypocrita A. Massal. = Farnoldia hypocrita
hypopta Ach. = Lecanora hypopta
icterica (
impavida Th. Fr. = Rimularia impavida
instrata Nyl. = Miriquidica instrata
insularis Nyl. = Rimularia insularis
internectens Nyl. = Biatora subduplex
intrudens H. Magn. = Miriquidica intrudens
intumescens (Flotow) Nyl. = Rimularia insularis
jurana Schaerer = Farnoldia jurana
kochiana Hepp = Fuscidea kochiana
kochiana var. subreagens H. Magn. = Fuscidea subreagens
lactea Flörke ex Schaerer = L. lapicida
lacus-crateris H. Magn. = Lecidella stigmatea
latypea auct. non Ach. = Lecidella carpathica
latypea Ach. = L. plana
latypiza Nyl. = Lecidella carpathica
leptoboloides Nyl. = L. laboriosa
leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Nyl. = Miriquidica leucophaea
leucophaeoides Nyl. = Miriquidica leucophaeoides
limborina (Nyl.) Lamy = Rimularia limborina
limitata auct. = Lecidella elaeochroma
limosa Ach. = Protomicarea limosa
lithospersa Zahlbr. = Farnoldia hypocrita
lopadioides (Th. Fr.) Grummann = Trapelia mooreana
lowensis H. Magn. = Fuscidea lowensis
lucida (Ach.) Ach. = Psilolechia lucida
lugubris Sommerf. = Ropalospora lugubris
lulensis (Hellbom) Stizenb. = Miriquidica lulensis
lurida (Ach.) DC. = Mycobilimbia lurida
luridella Tuck. = Psora luridella
lynceola Th. Fr. = Micarea bauschiana
lyngeana Zahlbr. = Adelolecia pilati
macrocarpa (DC.) Steudel = Porpidia macrocarpa
macrocarpa var. trullisata (
marginata Schaerer = Lecanora marginata
meiocarpa Nyl. = Biatora meiocarpa
melancheima Tuck. = Pyrrhospora elabens
melinodes (Körber) H. Magn. ex Lynge = Porpidia melinodes
micacea Körber = Lecidella stigmatea
minuta (Nyl.) Nyl. = Biatora meiocarpa
misella (Nyl.) Nyl. = Micarea misella
mollis (Wahlenb.) Nyl. = Fuscidea mollis
monticola Ach. = Clauzadea monticola
myriocarpoides Nyl. = L. plebeja
novomexicana (B. de Lesd.) W. A. Weber ex R. Anderson = Psora nipponica
oblongula H. Magn. = Caloplaca oblongula
obtegens Th. Fr. = Trapelia obtegens
occidentalis Lynge = L. tessellata (Hertel 1991)
ochrococca Nyl. = Protoparmelia ochrococca
oligotropha J. R. Laundon = Placynthiella oligotropha
olivacea (Hoffm.) A. Massal. = Lecidella elaeochroma
oreinodes (Körber) W. A. Weber & Hertel = Lecanora oreinoides
ornata (Sommerf.)
orosthea (Ach.) Ach. = Lecanora orosthea
ostreata (Hoffm.) Schaerer = Hypocenomyce scalaris
*oxyspora (Tul.) Nyl. = Phacopsis oxyspora
pallida Th. Fr. = Pilophorus dovrensis
panaeola (Ach.) Ach. = Amygdalaria panaeola
pantherina (Ach.) Th. Fr. = L. lapicida
parasemella Nyl. = Hafellnera parasemella
parvifolia Pers. = Phyllopsora parvifolia
"pelobotrion" = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Leighton = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
petri (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = L. lurida
phaeophora Stizenb. = Lecanora phaeophora
phylliscina Nyl. = Porpidia macrocarpa
pilati (Hepp) Körber = Adelolecia pilati
placidensis H. Magn. = Lecanora placidensis
platycarpa Ach. = Porpidia macrocarpa
plumbeoatra Vainio = Miriquidica plumbeoatra
porphyrospoda (Anzi) Th. Fr. = Biatora porphyrospoda
praeruptorum Du Rietz & H. Magn. = Fuscidea praeruptorum
prasinula (Wedd.) B. de Lesd. = Lecidella scabra
pringlei Tuck. = Lecanora pringlei
pruinosa Ach. = L. lithophila
pulcherrima Vainio = Anamylopsora pulcherrima
pullata (
punctella (Willey) Zahlbr. = Micarea rhabdogena
purissima Darbish. = Lecanora marginata
quadricolor (Dickson) Borrer = Trapeliopsis granulosa
quernea (Dickson) Ach. = Pyrrhospora quernea
ramulicola H. Magn. = Lecanora cadubriae
recedens Nyl. = a non-lichenized fungus
recensa Stirton = Fuscidea recensa
rhaetica Hepp ex Th. Fr. = Farnoldia micropsis
rivulosa Ach. = Fuscidea cyathoides
rubiformis (Ach.) Wahlenb. = Psora rubiformis
rufonigra (Tuck.) Nyl. = Psorula rufonigra
russellii Tuck. = Psora russellii
russula Ach. = Pyrrhospora russula
sanguineoatra sens. Nyl. = Mycobilimbia hypnorum
saxosa R. Anderson = L. syncarpa (Hertel 1995,
Leuckert & Hertel 2003)
scabra
scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) Ach. = Hypocenomyce scalaris
scholanderi Lynge = Toninia tristis subsp. scholanderi
scotopholis (Tuck.) Herre = Miriquidica scotopholis
scrobiculata Th. Fr. = Lecanora scrobiculata (Elix
& Øvstedal 2004)
shushanii J. W. Thomson = a Tephromela sp.?
sorediza Nyl. = Porpidia tuberculosa
soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) Vainio = Porpidia soredizodes
speirea (Ach.) Ach. = Porpidia speirea
sphacelata Th. Fr. = Rimularia sphacelata
stenotera (Nyl.) Nyl. = L. alpestris
steriza (Ach.) Vainio = Porpidia macrocarpa
stigmatea Ach. = Lecidella stigmatea
suballinita Nyl. = Micarea ternaria (Nyl.) Vezda (Printzen 1995)
subauriculata B. de Lesd. non Lynge = Lecidella spp.
subauriculata Lynge non B. de Lesd. = Adelolecia pilati
subcinnabarina Tønsberg = Pyrrhospora subcinnabarina
subcontinuior B. de Lesd. = Carbonea latypizodes
subduplex (Nyl.) Nyl. = Biatora subduplex
suberratica Lowe = Micarea erratica
sublimosa Nyl. = Megalaria jemtlandica
subplebeia Nyl. = Mycobilimbia austrocalifornica
subplumbea Anzi = (?) Miriquidica griseoatra
subsimplex H. Magn. = a Porpidia sp.
subsorediza Lynge = Bellemerea subsorediza
sulphurea (Hoffm.) Wahlenb. = Lecanora sulphurea
sylvana (Körber) Th. Fr. = Biatoraa globulosa
sylvicola Flotow = Micarea sylvicola
symmicta (Ach.) Ach. = Lecanora symmicta
templetonii
tenebrosa Flotow = Schaereria fuscocinerea
tennessensis Nyl. = Lecanora oreinoides
tesselina Tuck. = Lecanora oreinoides
testacea (Hoffm.) Ach. = Psora testacea Not included in the North American
flora.
texana W. A. Weber = Xanthopsorella texana
tornoënsis Nyl. = Japewia tornoënsis
trochodes (
tumida A. Massal. = Porpidia tuberculosa
turgidula Fr. = Biatora turgidula
uliginosa (Schrader) Ach. = Placynthiella uliginosa
ultima Th. Fr. = Cephalophysis leucospila
umbonella Nyl. = Cecidonia umbonella
vacciniicola Tønsberg = Biatora vacciniicola
varians Ach. = Pyrrhospora varians
vernalis (L.) Ach. = Biatora vernalis
vernicoma Tuck. = Gassicurtia vernicoma
viridans (Flotow) Lamy = Lecidella viridans
viridescens (Schrader) Ach. = Trapeliopsis viridescens
* vitellinaria Nyl. = Carbonea vitellinaria
vorticosa (Flörke) Körber = Carbonea vorticosa
vulgata Zahlbr. = Lecidella stigmatea
wallrothii Flörke ex Sprengel = Trapeliopsis wallrothii
washingtonensis H. Magn. = L. cascadensis
wulfenii (Hepp)
xanthococca Sommerf. = Pycnora xanthococca
ypocrita A. Massal. = Farnoldia hypocrita
zahlbruckneri Fink = Lecidella latypiza (Knoph & Leuckert 1994)
LECIDELLA Körber
anomaloides (A. Massal.) Hertel & H. Kilias Syn.: Lecidea
goniophila auct.
asema (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea catalinaria
bullata Körber
carpathica Körber Syns.: Lecidea latypiza, L. carpathica, L.
latypea auct., L. evansi
chiricahuana Knoph & Leuckert (Knoph & Leuckert 2004)
dimelaenophila Hertel
effugiens (Nilson) Knoph & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea
albidocinerella
elaeochroma (Ach.) Hazsl. Syns.: Lecidea elaeochroma, L.
olivacea, L. limitata auct.
enteroleucella (Nyl.) Hertel
euphorea (Flörke) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea euphorea, L.
glomerulosa
flavosorediata (Vezda) Hertel & Leuckert
granulata (H. Magn.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Lecidea granulata
granulosula (Nyl.) Knoph & Leuckert (Knoph & Leuckert 2004)
latypiza (Nyl.) M. Choisy
laureri (Hepp) Körber (Goward et al. 1996)
meiococca (Nyl.) Leuckert & Hertel
nashiana Knoph & Leuckert (Knoph & Leuckert 2004)
patavina (A. Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert Syns.: Lecidea
acrocyanea, L. alaiensis, L. endolithea
pulveracea (Schaerer) Sydow
scabra (Taylor) Hertel & Leuckert Syns.: Lecidea scabra,
L. prasinula
stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert Syns.: Lecidea micacea,
L. stigmatea, L. vulgata, L. lacus-crateris
[Lecidea subauriculata B. de Lesd. non Lynge]
tumidula (A. Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert (Knoph & Leuckert 2004)
viridans (Flotow) Körber Syn.: Lecidea viridans
wulfenii (Hepp) Körber Syns.: Lecidea heppii, L. wulfenii
alaiensis (Vainio) Hertel = L. patavina
chodatii (Samp.) Knoph & Leuckert = L. granulosula
elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel = L. asema
enteroleuca auct. = various Lecidella spp.
glomerulosa (DC.) M. Choisy = L. euphorea
goniophila auct. = L. anomaloides
inamoena (Müll. Arg.) Hertel = L. patavina
incongruella (Vainio) Hertel & Leuckert = L. effugiens
placidensis (H. Magn.) R. C. Harris = Lecanora placidensis (Knoph &
Leuckert 1994)
prasinula (Wedd.) Hertel = L. scabra
spitsbergensis (Lynge) Hertel & Leuckert = L. patavina
subincongrua (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert var. elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Hertel
& Leuckert = L. asema
LECIDOMA Gotth. Schneider & Hertel
demissum (Rutstr.) Gotth. Schneider & Hertel Syns.: Lecidea
demissa, Lepidoma demissum, Psora demissa
LECIOGRAPHA A. Massal. = OPEGRAPHA
*glaucomaria (Nyl.) H. Oliv. = Opegrapha glaucomaria
*inspersa (Tul.) Rehm = possibly Dactylospora parasitica
*lamyi (O. J. Rich. ex Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. = Opegrapha lamyi
*parasitica A. Massal. = Opegrapha rupestris
*pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Fink = Dactylospora pertusariicola
*urceolata (Fr.) Körber = Dactylospora urceolata
LECIOPHYSMA Th. Fr.
finmarkicum Th. Fr.
furfurascens (Nyl.) Gyelnik
LEIODERMA Nyl.
sorediatum D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg.
LEIORREUMA Eschw.
exaltatum (Mont. & v.d. Bosch) Staiger Syn.: Phaeographis
exaltata (Staiger 2002)
sericeum (Eschw.) Staiger Syn.: Phaeographis sericea (Staiger
2002)
LEMMOPSIS (Vainio) Zahlbr.
arnoldiana (Hepp) Zahlbr. (Schultz 2002d)
LEMPHOLEMMA Körber
chalazanum (Ach.) B. de Lesd.
cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
isidiodes (Nyl. ex Arnold) H. Magn.
oblique-peltatum (Eschw.) C. W. Dodge
polyanthes (Bernh.) Malme
radiatum (Sommerf.) Henssen
umbella (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
vesiculiferum Henssen
albonigrumH. Magn. = L. cladodes
myriococcum (Ach.) Th. Fr. = L. polyanthes
LEPIDOMA (Ach.) Gray
demissum (Rutstr.) M. Choisy = Lecidoma demissum
LEPRARIA Ach.
borealis Lohtander & Tønsberg
cacuminum (A. Massal.) Lohtander
caesiella R. C. Harris (Lendemer 2005)
caesioalba (B. de Lesd.) J. R. Laundon
crassissima (Hue) Lettau
crassissima var. isidiata Llimona
diffusa (J. R. Laundon) Kukwa var. diffusa
Syn.: Leproloma diffusum var. diffusum (Kukwa 2002)
diffusa (J. R. Laundon) Kukwa var. chrysodetoides
(J. R. Laundon) Kukwa Syn.: Leproloma diffusum var. chrysodetoides (Kukwa 2002)
eburnea J. R. Laundon
elobataTønsberg (Tønsberg 1997)
frigida J. R. Laundon
incana (L.) Ach.
jackii Tønsberg (Kümmerling et al. 1995)
lecanorica Tønsberg
(Tønsberg 2004b)
lobificans Nyl. Syns.: Crocynia aliciae, C. americana
membranacea (Dickson) Vainio Syn.: Leproloma membranaceum,
Amphiloma lanuginosum (Kukwa 2002)
neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen
Syn.: Crocynia neglecta
nivalis J. R. Laundon
rigidula (B. de Lesd.) Tønsberg
vouauxii (Hue) R. C. Harris Syn.: Leproloma vouauxii (Kukwa
2002)
xerophila Tønsberg
(Tønsberg 2004b)
aeruginosa auct. = L. incana
aeruginosa (Weiss) Sm. = not a lichen-forming fungus
arctica (Lynge) Wetmore = L. vouauxii
candelaris (L.) Fr. = Chrysothrix candelaris
chlorina (Ach.) Ach. = Chrysothrix chlorina
citrina (Schaerer) Rabenh. = Chrysothrix candelaris
finkii (B. de Lesd.) R. C. Harris = L. lobificans
flava (Schreber) Sm. = Chrysothrix candelaris
lesdainii (Hue) R. C. Harris = Botryolepraria
lesdainii
zonata Brodo = L. caesioalba or L. neglecta
LEPROCAULON Nyl. ex Lamy
albicans (Th. Fr.) Nyl. ex Hue Syn.: Stereocaulon albicans
arbuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. Syn.: Stereocaulon arbuscula
gracilescens (Nyl.) Lamb & Ward
microscopicum (Vill.) Gams ex D. Hawksw. Syns.: Stereocaulon
microscopicum, S. quisquiliare
subalbicans (Lamb) Lamb & Ward Syn.: Stereocaulon
subalbicans North American records of S. pseudoarbuscula belong here.
LEPROLOMA Nyl. ex Crombie = LEPRARIA (Kukwa 2002)
angardianum (Øvstedal) J. R. Laundon = Lepraria cacuminum
cacuminum (A. Massal.) J. R. Laundon = Lepraria cacuminum
diffusum J. R. Laundon var. diffusum = Lepraria
diffusa var. diffusa
diffusum J. R. Laundon var. chrysodetoides J. R.
Laundon (Goward et al. 1996) = Lepraria diffusa var. chrysodetoides
membranaceum (Dickson) Vainio = Lepraria
membranacea
"membranaceum var. chrysodetoides" Removed as a typographical error
here
vouauxii (Hue) J. R. Laundon = Lepraria vouauxii
LEPROPLACA (Nyl.) Hue = CALOPLACA
chrysodeta (Vainio ex Räsänen) J. R. Laundon = Caloplaca chrysodeta
LEPTOCHIDIUM M. Choisy
albociliatum (Desmaz.) M. Choisy Syns.: Polychidium
albociliatum, Leptogium albociliatum, L. pilosellum
LEPTOGIDIUM Nyl. = POLYCHIDIUM
dendriscum (Nyl.) Nyl. = Polychidium dendriscum
intricatulum Nyl. = Dendriscocaulon intricatulum
LEPTOGIUM (Ach.) Gray
adpressum Nyl.
apalachense Nyl.
aquale (Arn.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999)
arcticum P. M. Jørg.
arsenei Sierk
austroamericanum (Malme) C. W. Dodge
azureum (Sw. ex Ach.)
biatorinum (Nyl.) Leighton (Jørgensen & Tønsberg 1999)
brebissonii
burgessii (L.)
burnetiae C. W. Dodge
byssinum (Hoffm.) Zwackh ex Nyl.
californicum Tuck.
cellulosum P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen &
Tønsberg 1999)
chloromelum (Sw.) Nyl.
contortum Sierk
coralloideum (Meyen & Flotow) Vainio (Jørgensen
& Nash 2004)
corticola (
crenatulum (Nyl.) Vainio
cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber
dactylinum Tuck.
denticulatum Nyl.
digitatum (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
erectum Sierk
floridanum Sierk
fusisporum (Tuck.) C. W. Dodge
gelatinosum (With.) J. R. Laundon
hirsutum Sierk
hypotrachynum Müll.
imbricatum P. M. Jørg.
intermedium (
isidiosellum (Riddle) Sierk
juniperinum Tuck.
laceroides (B. de Lesd.) P. M. Jørg.
lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr.
marginellum (Sw.) Gray
microstictum Vainio
milligranum Sierk
palmatum (Huds.)
papillosum (B. de Lesd.) C. W. Dodge (Tønsberg & Nash 2004)
parculum Nyl.
phyllocarpum (Pers.)
platynum (Tuck.) Herre
plicatile (Ach.) Leighton Syn.: Collema plicatile
polycarpum P. M. Jørg. & Goward
pseudofurfuraceum P. M. Jørg. & Wallace (Jørgensen 1997)
rivale Tuck. Syn.: Polychidium rivale
rivulare (Ach.)
rugosum Sierk
saturninum (Dickson) Nyl.
schraderi (Ach.) Nyl.
sessile Vainio
stipitatum Vainio
subaridum P. M. Jørg. & Goward
subtile (Schrader) Torss.
tacomae P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg (Jørgensen & Tønsberg
1999)
tenuissimum (Dickson) Körber
teretiusculum (Wallr.)
albociliatum Desmaz. = Leptochidium albociliatum
americanum Degel. = L. laceroides
amphineum Ach. ex Nyl. = L. byssinum
arizonicum Zahlbr. = L. juniperinum
burnetiae C. W. Dodge var. hirsutum (Sierk) P. M. Jørg. = L. hirsutum
caesiellum Tuck. = L. byssinum
caesium (Ach.) Vainio = L. cyanescens
corniculatum (Hoffm.) Minks = L. palmatum
crenatellum (Nyl.) Tuck. = L. rivulare
furfuraceum (Harm.) Sierk = L. pseudofurfuraceum (for North American reports;
Jørgensen 1997)
inflexum Nyl. = L. burgessii (fide Jørgensen)
lividofuscum (Florke ex Schlecht.) Flotow = L. tenuissimum
minutissimum (Flörke) Fr. = L. subtile
nanum Herre = L. biatorinum
papillosum (B. de Lesd.) C. W. Dodge North American reports refer to L.
pseudofurfuraceum
perminutum Hedr. = L. subtile
pilosellum G. Merr. = Leptochidium albociliatum
plectenchymum Fink = L. juniperinum
sinuatum (
tremelloides auct. = L. cyanescens
LEPTORHAPHIS Körber
atomaria (Ach.) Szatala
#contorta Degel.
#epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
lucida Körber
+parameca (A. Massal.) Körber
quercus (Beltr.) Körber = identity uncertain
LEPTOSPHAERULINA McAlpine
*peltigerae (Fuckel) Riedel
LEPTOTREMA Mont. & Bosch = OCELLULARIA
auberianum (Mont.) Fink = Ocellularia auberiana
glaucescens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema glaucescens
heterosporum (C. Knight ex F. M. Bailey) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema santense
laeviusculum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Myriotrema laeviusculum
lepadodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema monosporum
monosporum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Thelotrema monosporum
obturascens (Nyl.) Hale = Myriotrema bahiana
polycarpum Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema subcompunctum
ravenelii (Tuck.) Fink = Myriotrema wightii
reclusum (Kremp.) Zahlbr. = Myriotrema reclusum
santense (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Reimnitzia santensis
wightii (Taylor) Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema wightii
LETHARIA (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr.
columbiana (Nutt.) J. W. Thomson
vulpina (L.) Hue Syn.: Evernia vulpina
californica (Lév.) Hue = L. columbiana
vulpina (L.) Hue f. californica (Lév.) W. A. Weber = L. columbiana
LETHARIICOLA Grummann
*cucularis (Norman) Lumbsch & D. Hawksw.
*sipei Grummann = L. cucularis
LETROUITIA Hafellner & Bellem.
domingensis (Pers.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.: Lopadium
domingense, Bombyliospora domingensis
parabola (Nyl.) R. Sant. & Hafellner
vulpina (Tuck.) Hafellner & Bellem. Syns.: Lopadium vulpinum,
Bombyliospora vulpina
LETTAUIA D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
*cladoniicola D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*santessonii Ihlen & Tønsberg (Ihlen & Tønsberg 1996)
LEUCOCARPIA Vězda
biatorella (
dictyospora (Orange) R. Sant.
(Alstrup 2004)
LEUCOGYROPHANA Pouzar
*lichenicola Thorn, Malloch & Ginns (Thorn et al. 1998)
LICHENOCHORA Hafellner
*galligena R. Sant. &
Hafellner (Diederich 2003)
*obscuroides (Lindsay) Triebel & Rambold (Hoffmann
& Hafellner 2000)
*verrucicola (Wedd.) Nik. Hoffm. & Hafellner (Hoffmann
& Hafellner 2000)
*weillii (Werner) Hafellner & R. Sant.
*xanthoriae Triebel & Rambold
*thallina (Cooke) Hafellner = L. obscuroides
LICHENOCONIUM Petrak & H. Sydow
*cargillianum (Linds.) D. Hawksw.
(Diederich 2003)
*christansenii M. S. Cole & D.
Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2004)
*edgewoodensis Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*erodens M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw.
*follmannii Kondratyuk & Galloway (Kondratyuk &
Galloway 1995)
*laevisporum Kalb & Hafellner (Kalb et al. 1995)
*lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw.
*pyxidatae (Oudem.) Petrak & H. Sydow
*usneae (Anzi) D. Hawksw.
*xanthoriae M. S. Christ.
LICHENODIPLIS Dyko & D. Hawksw.
*dendrographae Diederich &
van den Boom (Diederich 2003)
*lecanorae (Vouaux) Dyko & D. Hawksw.
*lecanoricola (M. S. Cole &
Hawksw.) Diederich Syn.: Laeviomyces lecanoricola (Diederich 2003)
*lichenicola Dyko & D. Hawksw.
*pertusariicola (Nyl.)
Diederich (Diederich 2003)
LICHENOMPHALIA Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalyis (Redhead
et al. 2002)
alpina (Britzelmayr) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syns.: Omphalina alpina, O. luteovitellina, Phytoconisluteovitellina, Botrydina
luteovitellina(Redhead et al. 2002)
hudsoniana (H. S. Jenn.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syns.: Omphalina hudsoniana, Botrydina viridis, Corisciumviride, Phytoconis
viridis(Redhead et al. 2002)
umbellifera (L. : Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syns.: Omphalina umbellifera, O. ericetorum, Phytoconisericetorum, Botrydina
botryoides, B.vulgaris (Redhead et al. 2002)
velutina (Quél.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syns.: Omphalina velutina, Phytoconis velutina, Botrydina velutina (Redhead et
al. 2002)
LICHENOPELTELLA Höhn.
*heterodermiicola M. S. Cole
& D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth 2002)
*peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*santessonii (P. M. Kirk & Spooner) R. Sant. (Alstrup
& Cole 1998)
* thamnoliae R. Sant.
(Diederich 2003)
LICHENOPUCCINIA D. Hawksw. & Hafellner
*poeltii D. Hawksw. &
Haffelner (Diederich 2003)
LICHENOSTICTA Zopf
*alcicorniaria (Lindsay) D. Hawksw.
LICHENOSTIGMA Hafellner
*cosmopolites Hafellner & Calatayud (Hafellner &
Calatayud 1999)
*dimelaenae Calat. &
Hafellner (Calatayud et al. 2004)
*elongatum Nav.-Ros. & Hafellner (Navarro-Rosines &
Hafellner 1996)
*maureri Hafellner
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*rugosum Thor
*semiimmersum Hafellner (Hafellner 1999)
*subradians Hafellner, Calatyud
& Nav.-Ros. (Calatayud et al. 2002)
LICHENOTHELIA D. Hawksw.
#calcarea Henssen
#convexa Henssen
#intermixta Henssen
#metzleri (J. Lahm) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Microthelia
metzleri
#scopularia (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. Syns.: Microthelia
aterrima, Rinodina aterrima
#tenuissima Henssen
LICHENOTHRIX Henssen = PYRENOTHRIX
riddlei Henssen = Pyrenothrix nigra
LICHINA C. Agardh
confinis (O. F. Müller) C. Agardh
willeyi (Tuck.) Henssen
LICHINELLA Nyl.
americana Henssen
cribellifera (Nyl.) Moreno & Egea Syn.: Gonohymenia
cribellifera
melamphylla (Tuck.) Essl. Syn.: Gonohymenia melamphylla,
Pannaria melamphylla
minnesotensis (Fink) Essl. Syns.: Forsellia minnesotensis,
Gonohymenia minnesotensis
nigritella (Lettau) Moreno & Egea Syn.: Gonohymenia
nigritella
stipatula Nyl.
LICHINODIUM Nyl.
canadense Henssen
saxicola Henssen
sirosiphoideum Nyl.
LIGNOSCRIPTA B. D. Ryan
atroalba B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan 2004a)
LITHOGRAPHA Nyl.
tesserata (DC.) Nyl.
LITHOTHELIUM Müll. Arg.
hyalosporum (Nyl.) Aptroot Syn.: Arthopyrenia hyalospora,
Plagiocarpa hyalospora, Pleurotrema solivagum
illotum (Nyl.) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa illota, P. langloisii
macrosporum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa
macrospora
microsporum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
phaeosporum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa
phaeosporum
septemseptatum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot Syn.: Plagiocarpa
septemseptata
LLIMONAEA Egea & Torrente
californica (Tuck.) Sparrius Syns.:
Chiodecton californicum, Sclerophyton californicum (Sparrius
2004b)
cerebriformis (Egea & Torrente) Sparrius Syn.: Sclerophyton cerebriforme (Sparrius
2004b)
LLIMONIELLA Hafellner & Nav.-Ros.
*pertusariae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo
2000)
*pyrenulae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*neglecta (Vainio) Triebel & Rambold = Rhymbocarpus neglectus
LOBARIA (Schreber) Hoffm.
amplissima (Scop.) Forss. (Tønsberg & Goward 2001)
hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Sticta hallii
kurokawae Yoshim.
linita (Ach.) Rabenh. Syn.: Sticta linita
oregana (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Sticta oregana
pseudopulmonaria Gyelnik
pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Syn.: Sticta pulmonaria
quercizans Michaux
ravenelii (Tuck.) Yoshim. Syn.: Sticta erosa
retigera (Bory) Trevisan
scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. Syn.: Sticta verrucosa
silvae-veteris (Goward & Goffinet) Goward & Goffinet
Syn.: Nephroma silvae-veteris (Goffinet & Goward 1998)
tenuis Vainio
erosa (Eschw.) Nyl. = L. ravenelii
isidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Vainio Not in North America.
laetevirens (Lightf.) Zahlbr. = L. virens but not known from North America
lobulifera B. Moore = L. tenuis
verrucosa (Hudson) Hoffm. = L. scrobiculata
LOBOTHALLIA (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) Hafellner
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner Syns.: Aspicilia alphoplaca,
Lecanora alphoplaca, Lecanora thamnoplaca
melanaspis (Ach.) Hafellner Syn.: Aspicilia melanaspis,
Lecanora melanaspis
praeradiosa (Nyl.) Hafellner Syn.: Aspicilia praeradiosa,
Lecanora praeradiosa
radiosa (Hoffm.) Hafellner Syn.: Aspicilia radiosa, Lecanora
radiosa, L. circinata
LOPADIOPSIS Vainio = GYALECTIDIUM
floridana Zahlbr. = Asterothyrium rotuliforme
LOPADIUM Körber
augustini (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
coralloideum (Nyl.) Lynge
disciforme (Flotow) Kullhem
dodgei Herre
pezizoideum (Ach.) Körber
alpinum (Körber) R. Sant. = Schadonia alpina
domingense (Pers.) Fink = Letrouitia domingensis
fecundum Th. Fr. = Schadonia fecunda
fuscum Müll. Arg. = Calopadia fusca
fuscoluteum (Dickson) Mudd = Brigantiaea fuscolutea
gemellum (Anzi) Stizenb. = Schadonia alpina
leucoxanthum (Sprengel) Zahlbr. = Brigantiaea leucoxantha
puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Calopadia puiggarii
phyllocharis (Mont.) Fink = Tapellaria epiphylla
vulpinum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Letrouitia vulpina
LOPEZARIA Kalb & Hafellner (Kalb 1990)
versicolor (Fée) Kalb & Hafellner (Kalb 1990) Syn.:
Catinaria versicolor, Megalospora versicolor
LOXOSPORA A. Massal.
cismonica (Beltr.) Hafellner Syn.: Haematomma cismonicum
elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Haematomma elatinum
ochrophaea (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Haematomma ochrophaeum
pustulata (Brodo & Culb.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Haematomma
pustulatum
LOXOSPOROPSIS Henssen
corallifera Brodo, Henssen & Imshaug
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
MACENTINA Vezda
dictyospora Orange (Will-Wolf 1998)
MARCHANDIOMYCES Diederich & D. Hawksw.
*corallinus (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw. Syn.:
Illosporium corallinum
MARONEA A. Massal.
carolinae H. Magn.
constans (Nyl.) Hepp
polyphaea H. Magn.
porinoidea Zahlbr. = Ramonia valenzueliana
MASONHALEA Kärnefelt
richardsonii (Hook.) Kärnefelt Syn.: Cetraria richardsonii
MASSALONGIA Körber
carnosa (Dickson) Körber
microphylliza (Nyl. ex Hasse) Henssen Syns.: Placynthium
dubium, P. microphyllizum
MASTODIA Hook. f. & Harvey
tessellata Hook. f. & Harvey = Kohlmeyera complicatula
MAZOSIA A. Massal.
ocellata (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Platygrapha ocellata,
Schismatomma ocellatum, Thelotrema carneum, Enterographa carnea
MEDUSULINA Müll. Arg.
nitida (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Graphis nitida
texana Müll.
MEGALARIA Hafellner
albocincta (Degel.) Tønsberg (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996) Syn.:
Catinaria albocincta
brodoana S. Ekman & Tønsberg (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996)
columbiana (G. Merr.) S. Ekman (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996)
Catillaria columbiana
grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Hafellner Syns.: Catillaria grossa,
Catinaria grossa, C. leucoplaca auct.
jemtlandica (Th. Fr. & Almq.) Fryday Syn.:
Lecidea sublimosa (Fryday 2004)
laureri (Th. Fr.) Hafellner (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996) Syns.:
Catillaria laureri, Catinaria laureri
pulverea (Borrer) Hafellner & Schreiner Syn.: Catillaria
pulverea
MEGALOSPORA Meyen
pachycheila (Tuck.) Sipman Syn.: Bombyliospora pachycheila
porphyritis (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Bombyliospora
porphyritis
tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman Syn.: Bombyliospora tuberculosa
versicolor (Fée) Zahlbr. = Lopezaria versicolor
MEGASPORA (Clauz. & Cl. Roux) Hafellner & V. Wirth
verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth Syns.: Pachyospora
verrucosa, P. mutabilis, Lecanora verrucosa, L. mutabilis (Ach.) Nyl.non
Sommerf., L. urceolata, Pertusaria freyi
MELANARIA Erichsen = PERTUSARIA
macounii Lamb = Pertusaria macounii
MELANELIA Essl.
agnata (Nyl.) Thell Syn.: Cetraria agnata
commixta (Nyl.) Thell Syn.: Cetraria commixta, C. fahlunensis
culbersonii (Hale) Thell Syn.: Cetraria culbersonii
disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl. Syns.: Parmelia granulosa, P.
disjuncta, P. denalii
hepatizon (Ach.) Thell Syn.: Cetraria hepatizon, C. polyschiza
panniformis (Nyl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia panniformis
sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti Syns.: Parmelia sorediosa,
P. sorediata
stygia (L.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia stygia
tominii (Oksner) Essl. Syns.: Parmelia substygia, P.
saximontana
albertana (Ahti) Essl. = Melanelixia albertana
elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl. = Melanohalea elegantula
exasperata (De Not.) Essl. = Melanohalea exasperata
exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl. =
Melanohalea exasperatula
fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. =
Melanelixia glabratula
glabra (Schaerer) Essl. Syn.: Melanelixia glabra
glabratula (Lamy) Essl. =
Melanelixia fuliginosa
glabroides (Essl.) Essl. =
Melanelixia glabroides
granulosa (Lynge) Essl. =
Melanelia disjuncta
halei (Ahti) Essl. Syn.: Melanohalea halei
incolorata (Parrique) Essl. = Melanohalea elegantula
infumata (Nyl.) Essl. =
Melanohalea infumata
multispora (A. Schneider)
Essl. = Melanohalea multispora
olivacea (L.) Essl. =
Melanohalea olivacea
olivaceoides (Krog) Essl. =
Melanohalea olivaceoides
septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl.
= Melanohalea septentrionalis
sorediosa (Almb.) Essl. = Melanelia sorediata
subargentifera (Nyl.) Essl. =
Melanoelixia subargentifera
subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. =
Melanelixia subaurifera
subelegantula (Essl.) Essl.
= Melanohalea subelegantula
subolivacea (Nyl.) Essl.
= Melanohalea subolivacea
substygia (Räsänen) Essl. = Melanelia tominii
trabeculata (Ahti) Essl. =
Melanohalea trabeculata
villosella (Essl.) Essl.
(Esslinger 2002c) = Melanelixia villosella
MELANELIXIA O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D.
Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004)
albertana (Ahti) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia albertana, Parmelia albertana
fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia fuliginosa, M. glabratula, Parmelia fuliginosa, P. glabratula
glabra (Schaerer) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia glabra, Parmelia glabra
glabroides (Essl.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia glabroides, Parmelia glabroides
subargentifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia subargentifera,
Parmelia subargentifera, P. conspurcata
subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia subaurifera, Parmelia subaurifera
villosella (Essl.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia villosella, Parmelia villosella
MELANOHALEA O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D.
Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al. 2004)
elegantula (Zahlbr.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia elegantula, M. incolorata, Parmelia elegantula
exasperata (De Not.) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia exasperata,
Parmelia exasperata, P. aspera, P.
aspidota
exasperatula (De Not.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia exasperatula, Parmelia exasperatula
halei (Ahti) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia halei, Parmelia halei
infumata (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia infumata, Parmelia infumata
multispora (A. Schneider) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia multispora, Parmelia multispora
olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia olivacea, Parmelia olivacea
olivaceoides (Krog) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia olivaceoides, Parmelia olivaceoides
septentrionalis (Lynge) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia septentrionalis, Parmelia septentrionalis
subelegantula (Essl.) O. Blanco et al. Syns.:
Melanelia subelegantula, Parmelia subelegantula
subolivacea (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia subolivacea,
Parmelia subolivacea
trabeculata (Ahti) O. Blanco et al.
Syns.: Melanelia trabeculata,
Parmelia trabeculata
MELANOLECIA Hertel
transitoria (Arnold) Hertel ex Poelt
jurana (Schaerer) Hertel = Farnoldia jurana
micropsis (A. Massal.) Hertel = Farnoldia micropsis
MELANOMMA Nitschke ex Fuckel
+oxysporum (Zahlbr.) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Microthelia
oxyspora
MELANOTHECA Körber = PYRENULA
achariana Fée = Pyrenula anomala
aggregata (Fée) Müll. Arg. = not in North America
anomala (Ach.) A. Massal. = Pyrenula anomala
cinerata Zahlbr. = (?) Pyrenula concatervans
concatervans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula concatervans
cruenta (Mont.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula cruenta
esenbeckiana Fée Syn.: Tomasellia esenbeckiana = misidentifications for North
America
subincruenta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula cruenta
wrightii Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North American records
MELASPILEA Nyl.
amota Nyl.
arthonioides (Fée) Nyl.
cinerascens (Willey) Fink
constrictella (Stirton) A. L. Sm.
*cupularis Müll. Arg.
deformis (Schaerer) Nyl.
demissa (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
*epigena Müll. Arg.
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*lentiginosula (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.
maculosa (Fr.) Müll. Arg.
mesophlebia Müll. Arg.
octomera Müll. Arg.
proximella (Nyl.) Nyl. ex Norrlin
stellans Zahlbr.
*tribuloides (Tuck.) Müll.
MENEGAZZIA A. Massal.
subsimilis (H. Magn.) R. Sant. (Bjerke 2003)
terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. Syns.: Parmelia pertusa, P.
sipeana
pertusa (Schrank) Stein
MERISMATIUM Zopf
*coccisporum (Norman) Vouaux
*decolorans (Rehm ex Arnold) Triebel
*heterophractum (Nyl.) Vouaux
(Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)
METAMELANEA Henssen
melambola (Tuck.) Henssen Syns.: Synalissa melambola,
Pyrenopsis melambola
METASPHAERIA Sacc.
*tartarina (Nyl.) Keissler (Talbot et al. 2000)
MICAREA Fr.
alabastrites (Nyl.) Coppins (Tønsberg & Coppins 2000)
assimilata (Nyl.) Coppins Syn.: Lecidea assimilata
bauschiana (Körber) V. Wirth & Vezda Syns.: Lecidea
lynceola, L. dilutiuscula
botryoides (Nyl.) Coppins (McCune 1996)
chlorosticta (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Bacidia chlorosticta
cinerea (Schaerer) Hedl.
denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. Syn.: Lecidea aniptiza
elachista (Körber) Coppins & R. Sant.
endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) R. C. Harris Syn.: Bacidia
endocyanea
erratica (Körber) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschmann Syns.:
Lecidea erratica, L. suberratica, L. chalybeiza
globulosella (Nyl.) Coppins
hedlundii Coppins
incrassata Hedl.
leprosula (Th. Fr.) Coppins & A. Fletcher
lignaria (Ach.) Hedl. Syn.: Bacidia lignaria
lithinella (Nyl.) Hedl.
lutulata (Nyl.) Coppins
melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. Syn.: Bacidia melaena
melanobola (Nyl.) Coppins
misella (Nyl.) Hedl. Syn.: Lecidea misella
myriocarpa Coppins (Tønsberg 1999a)
neostipitata Coppins & P. May (Coppins & May 2001)
nitschkeana (J. Lahm ex Rabenh.) Harm.
peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. Syn.: Bacidia
trisepta
perparvula (Nyl.) Coppins & Printzen (Printzen 1995)
prasina Fr. Syns.: Catillaria micrococca, C. prasina
pycnidiophora Coppins & P. James
rhabdogena (Norm.) Hedl. Syn.: Lecidea punctella (Printzen
1995)
subalpina Coppins & Spribille (Coppins & Spribille 2004)
subviolascens (H. Magn.) Coppins
sylvicola (Flotow) Vezda & V. Wirth Syn.: Lecidea
sylvicola
synotheoides (Nyl.) Coppins (Tønsberg & Coppins 2000)
ternaria (Nyl.) Vezda Syn.: Lecidea suballinita
tuberculata (Sommerf.) R. Anderson
turfosa (A. Massal.) Du Rietz
vulpinaris (Nyl.) Muhr
xanthonica Coppins & Tønsberg (Coppins & Tønsberg
2001)
clavopycnidiata Brodo & Tønsberg = Szczawinskia tsugae Funk (Aptroot et al.
1997)
crassipes (Th. Fr.) Coppins = Helocarpon crassipes
gelatinosa (Flörke) Brodo = Trapeliopsis gelatinosa
globularis "(Ach. ex Nyl.) Hedl." = M. misella
populina (Müll. Arg. ex Nyl.) R. Anderson & M. P. Carmer = Lecidea populina
trisepta (Hellbom) Wetmore = M. peliocarpa
violacea (Crouan ex Nyl.) Hedl. = M. peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant.
viridescens (Schrader) Brodo = Trapeliopsis viridescens (Schrader) Coppins
& P. James
MICROCALICIUM Vainio
+ahlneri Tibell
#arenarium (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Tibell Syn.:
Coniocybopsis arenaria
*conversum Tibell (Tibell & Ryan 2004)
*disseminatum (Ach.) Vainio Syns.: Mycocalicium disseminatum,
Calicium disseminatum
*subpedicellatum (Schaerer) Tibell = M. disseminatum
MICROGLAENA Körber nom. illegit. = THELENELLA
corrosa (Körber) Arnold = Protothelenella corrosa
hassei Zahlbr. = Thelenella hassei
inductula (Nyl.) Servít = Thelenella inductula
muscorum (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Thelenella muscorum
sordidula Th. Fr. = Thelenella sordidula
sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Lönnr. = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides
subcorallina Hasse = Thelenella modesta
sychnogonoides Zahlbr. = Thelenella hassei
MICROLYCHNUS A. Funk
epicorticis A. Funk
MICROPHIALE (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. = DIMERELLA
MICROTHELIA Körber = ANISOMERIDUM
#aterrima (Kremp. ex Anzi) Zahlbr. = Lichenothelia scopularia
hymnothora (Ach.) Trevisan = Granulopyrenis hymnothora
#inops Degel. = Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops
#metzleri J. Lahm = Lichenothelia metzleri
#micula auct. non Flotow ex Körber = Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops
for most North American records
+oblongata Müll. Arg. = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii
+oxyspora Zahlbr. = Melanomma oxysporum
+thelena (Ach.) Trevisan = Mycomicrothelia thelena, but not found in
North America
verruculosa Anastasiou = identity uncertain
+wallrothii (Hepp) Rehm = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii
#willeyana Müll. Arg. = Mycomicrothelia willeyana
MINUTOEXCIPULA V. Atienza & D. Hawksw.
*mariana V. Atienza (Diederich
2003)
*tuckerae V. Atienza & D. Hawksw.
MIRIQUIDICA Hertel & Rambold (Hertel & Rambold
1987)
atrofulva (Sommerf.) A. J. Schwab & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
atrofulva
deusta (Stenh.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea deustata
garovaglii (Schaerer) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea
garovaglii, L. aenea
griseoatra (Flotow) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: (?) Lecidea
subplumbea
instrata (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea instrata
intrudens (H. Magn.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecanora
intrudens, Lecidea intrudens
leucophaea (Flörke ex Rabenh.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.:
Lecidea leucophaea
leucophaeoides (Nyl.) Hertel & Andreev (Hertel & Andreev
2003)
lulensis (Hellbom) Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Lecidea
lulensis, L. circumnigrata var. reagens
plumbeoatra (Vainio) A. J. Schwab & Rambold Syn.: L.
plumbeoatra
pulvinatula (
scotopholis (Tuck.) B. D. Ryan & Timdal Syns.: Lecanora scotopholis,
Lecidea scotopholis, Psorula scotopholis (Nash
et al. 2004a)
MOBERGIA H. Mayrh. & Sheard
angelica (Stizenb.) H. Mayrh. & Sheard Syns.: Rinodina
angelica, R. bolodes, R. dirinoides, Dimelaena angelica
calculiformis (W. A. Weber) H. Mayrh. & Sheard Syns.:
Rinodina calculiformis, R. platyloba
MOELLEROPSIS Gyelnik
nebulosa (Hoffm.) Gyeln. ssp. nebulosa
(Jørgensen 2002)
nebulosa (Hoffm.) Gyeln. ssp. frullaniae
Maass (Jørgensen 2000a, Maass 1986)
MONOBLASTIA Riddle
borinquensis R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
buckii R. C. Harris
cypressi R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
rappii Zahlbr.
MONODICTYS S. Hughes
*cellulosa S. Hughes (Diederich 2003)
MOSIGIA Fr. ex A. Massal. = RIMULARIA
gibbosa (Ach.) Fr. ex A. Massal. = Rimularia gibbosa
MUELLERELLA Hepp ex Müll.
*lecanactidis Diederich & van den
Boom (Diederich 2003)
*lichenicola (Sommerf. ex Fr.) D. Hawksw.
*pygmaea (Körber) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Tichothecium pygmaeum
*pygmaea var. athallina (Müll.
*pygmaea var. ventosicola (Mudd) Triebel
MULTICLAVULA R. Petersen
coronilla (G. W. Martin) R. Petersen
corynoides (Peck) R. Petersen
mucida (Fr.) R. Petersen
sharpii R. Petersen
vernalis (Schwein.) R. Petersen
MYCOBILIMBIA Rehm
austrocalifornica (Zahlbr.) Knudsen
Syn.: Lecidea austrocalifornica,
L. subplebeia Nyl. non Vainio (Knudsen 2005b)
berengeriana (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth Syn.:
Lecidea berengeriana
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) S. Ekman (Ekman 2004c)
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Vitik., Ahti, Kuusinen, Lommi & T. Ulvinen
Syns: Biatora epixanthoides, Lecidea epixanthoides (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
fissuriseda (Poelt) Poelt & Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea
fissuriseda
hypnorum (Lib.) Kalb & Hafellner Syns.: Lecidea hypnorum,
L. fusca, L. templetonii, L. atrofusca, L. sanguineoatra sens. Nyl.
lobulata (Sommerf.) Hafellner Syn.: Toninia lobulata
lurida (Ach.) Hafellner & Türk Syns.: Biatora lurida,
Lecidea lurida (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
pilularis (Körber) Hafellner & Türk Syns.: Bacidia sphaeroides, Biatora
sphaeroides, Catillaria sphaeroides (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
tetramera (De Not.) Vitik., Ahti, Kuusinen, Lommi & T.
Ulvinen (Hafellner & Türk 2001) Syn.: Bacidia fusca
accedens (Arnold) V. Wirth ex Hafellner = Bacidia sabuletorum
fusca (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth = M. tetramera
microcarpa (Th. Fr.) W. Brunnbauer = Bacidia microcarpa (Ekman 1996)
obscurata (Sommerf.) Rehm = M. tetramera
sabuletorum (Schreber) Hafellner = Myxobilimbia
sabuletorum
MYCOBLASTUS Norman
affinis (Schaerer) Schauer
alpinus (Fr.) Kernst.
caesius (Coppins & P. James) Tønsberg Syn.: Haematomma
caesium
fucatus (Stirton) Zahlbr.
marginatus Degel.
sanguinarius (L.) Norman
melinus (Kremp. ex Nyl.) Hellbom = M. affinis
tornoënsis (Nyl.) R. Anderson = Japewia tornoënsis
MYCOCALICIUM Vainio
albonigrum (Nyl.) Fink Syn.: Calicium albonigrum
americanun (R. Sant.) Tibell
calicioides (Nádv.) Tibell Syn.: Sphinctrinella calicioides
fuscipes (Tuck.) Fink Syn.: Calicium fuscipes
ravenelii (Tuck.) Fink Syn.: Calicium ravenelii
reticulatum Nádv.
+sequoiae Bonar
+subtile (Pers.) Szatala Syns.: M. parietinum, Calicium
subtile
+compressulum Nyl. ex Szatala = Phaeocalicium compressulum
*disseminatum (Ach.) Fink = Microcalicium disseminatum
microcephalum (Sm.) Fink = Sphinctrina anglica
+parietinum (Ach. ex Schaerer) D. Hawksw. = M. subtile
pusiolum (Ach.) Räsänen = Chaenothecopsis pusiola
+rappii Nádv. = Chaenothecopsis rappii (Harris 1995a)
savonicum Räsänen = Chaenothecopsis savonica
MYCOGLAENA Höhnel
+acuminans (Nyl.) Vainio
+alni (Dearness & House) Barr
+canadensis (Ellis & Everh.) Barr
+elegans (Berk. & Curtis) Höhnel
+meridionalis (Zahlbr.) Szatala
+myricae (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
+quercicola R. C. Harris
+subcoerulescens (Nyl.) Höhnel
MYCOMICROTHELIA Keissler
#captiosa (Kremp.) D. Hawksw.
+dothideaspora (Cook & Harkn.) D. Hawksw.
#hemispherica (Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw.
+inaequalis (Fabre) D. Hawksw.
#subfallens (Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw.
+wallrothii (Hepp) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Microthelia
wallrothii
#willeyana (Müll. Arg.) D. Hawksw. Syn.:
Microthelia willeyana
thelena (Ach.) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Microthelia thelena, but not found in
MYCOPORELLUM Müll. Arg.
californicum Zahlbr. = Mycoporum californicum (Harris 1995a)
difforme (Minks) Fink = Mycoporum lacteum (Harris 1995a)
hassei Zahlbr. = Mycoporum lacteum (Harris 1995a)
sparsellum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Mycoporum sparsellum (Harris 1995a)
MYCOPORUM Flotow ex Nyl.
acervatum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
antecellens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia antecellens
(Harris 1995a)
buckii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
californicum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syns.:
Tomasellia californica, Mycoporellum californicum
compositum (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Dermatina
"pyrenocarpa"
eschweileri (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Tomasellia eschweileri
+hippocastani (DC) Coppins (Aptroot 2002c)
lacteum (Ach.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Tomasellia
lactaea
mycoporoides (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Arthopyrenia mycoporoides
pycnocarpoides Müll. Arg.
sparsellum Nyl. (Harris 1995a) Syns.: Tomasellia sparsella,
Mycoporellum sparsellum
uniloculatum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
ohiense Nyl. ex Fink = M. compositum
pycnocarpum Nyl. = M. compositum
MYELOCHROA (Asah.) Elix & Hale
aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina aurulenta,
Parmelia aurulenta, P. silvestris
galbina (Ach.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina galbina,
Parmelia galbina, P. subquercifolia
metarevoluta (Asah.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina
metarevoluta, Parmelia metarevoluta
obsessa (Ach.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina obsessa,
Parmelia obsessa, P. finkii
MYRIONORA R. C. Harris
albidula (Willey) R. C. Harris Syn.: Biatorella albidula
MYRIOSPORA Nägeli
immersa (Fink ex J. Hedrick) R. C. Harris Syn.:
Acarospora immersa (Harris 2004)
MYRIOTREMA Fée
bahianum (Ach.) Hale Syn.: Ocellularia obturascens, Leptotrema
obturascens, Thelotrema bahianum var. obturascens
compunctum (Ach.) Hale
erodens R. C. Harris
glaucescens (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Leptotrema glaucescens
glaucophaenum (Kremp.) Hale Syn.: Ocellularia glaucophaena
Presence in North America is doubtful
glauculum (Nyl.) Hale
laeviusculum (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Leptotrema laeviusculum
microporum (Mont.) Hale Syn.: Ocellularia microporum
peninsulae R. C. Harris
reclusum (Kremp.) Hale Syn.: Leptotrema reclusum
rugiferum (Harm.) Hale
subcompunctum (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Leptotrema polycarpum
terebratulum (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Ocellularia terebratula
wightii (Taylor) Hale Syn.: Leptotrema wightii
clandestinum (Fée) Hale Not present in North America
granulosum (Leighton) Hale Erroneously reported for North America
halei (Tuck.) Hale = Thelotrema halei
MYXOBILIMBIA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
accedens (Arnold) Hafellner Syn.: Bacidia accedens
sabuletorum (Schreber) Hafellner Syns.: Bacidia sabuletorum,
Mycobilimbia sabuletorum
MYXOPHORA Döbbeler & Poelt
+ leptogiophila (Minks ex G. Winter) Nik. Hoffm. &
Hafellner (Hoffmann & Hafellner 2000)
MYXOTRICHUM Kunze
bicolor (Ehrenb. ex Pers.) Fr.
poluninii Apinis = M. bicolor
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
NADVORNIKIA Tibell
hawaiensis (Tuck.) Tibell
sorediata R. C. Harris
NANOSTICTIS M. S. Christ.
*christiansenii Etayo (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*pseudocyphellariae Sherwood
NECTRIA (Fr.) Fr.
+zonata Seaver
*lecanodes Ces. (Esslinger & Egan 1995) = Nectriopsis lecanodes
*parmeliae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) D. Hawksw. = Nectriopsis parmeliae
*rubefaciens Ellis & Everh. = Nectriopsis rubefaciens
NECTRIELLA Nitschke ex Fuckel
*anisospora Lowen = Pronectria anisospora
NECTRIOPSIS Maire
*cladoniicola M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole &
Hawksworth 2001)
*lecanodes (Ces.) Diederich & Etayo Syn. Nectria lecanodes
(Sérusiaux et al. 1999)
*parmeliae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) M. S. Cole & D.
Hawksw. Syn.: Nectria parmeliae, Diplodia parmeliae (Cole & Hawksworth
2001)
*rubifaciens (Ellis & Everh.) M. S. Cole & D.
Hawksw. Syn.: Nectria rubefaciens (Cole & Hawksw. 2001)
NEOFUSCELIA Essl.
ahtii (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia ahtii
atticoides (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia atticoides
brunella (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia brunella
chiricahuensis (R. Anderson & W. A. Weber) Essl. Syn.:
Parmelia chiricahuensis
infrapallida (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia infrapallida
loxodes (Nyl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia loxodes, P. isidiotyla
occidentalis (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia occidentalis
pustulosa (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia pustulosa
subhosseana (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia subhosseana
verruculifera (Nyl.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia verruculifera
pulla (Ach.) Essl. Syns.: Parmelia pulla, P. prolixa but not in
NEOLAMYA Theiss. & Syd.
*peltigerae (Mont.) Theiss. & Syd. (Alstrup & Cole
1998)
NEPHROMA Ach.
arcticum (L.) Torss.
bellum (Sprengel) Tuck.
expallidum (Nyl.) Nyl.
helveticum Ach. subsp. helveticum
helveticum subsp. sipeanum (Gyelnik) Goward
& Ahti
isidiosum (Nyl.) Gyelnik
laevigatum Ach.
occultum Wetmore
parile (Ach.) Ach.
resupinatum (L.) Ach.
helveticum Ach. var. sipeanum (Gyelnik) Wetmore = N. helveticum subsp. sipeanum
laevigatum auct. non Ach. = N. bellum
lusitanicum Schaerer = N. laevigatum Ach. non auct.
silvae-veteris Goward & Goffinet = Lobaria silvae-veteris
subtomentellum (Nyl.) Gyelnik = N. bellum
NESOLECHIA A. Massal.
cladoniscum (Willey) Fink = apothecia of Pycnothelia papillaria
*oxyspora (Tul.) A. Massal. = Phacopsis oxyspora
*thallicola (A. Massal.) A. Massal. = Phacopsis thallicola
NEUROPOGON Nees & Flotow = USNEA
lambii Imshaug = Usnea sphacelata
sulphureus (J. König) Hellbom = Usnea sphacelata
NIEBLA Rundel & Bowler
cedrosensis J. E. Marsh & T. H. Nash
Syns.: Vermilacinia cedrosensis,
V. reptiloderma (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
cephalota (Tuck.) Rundel & Bowler Syns.:
Desmazieria cephalota, Ramalina, cephalota, Vermilacinia cephalota (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
ceruchis Rundel & Bowler
Syns.: Desmazieria ceruchis,
Ramalina, ceruchis, Vermilacinia
cerebra, V. corrugata, V. ceruchis, V. howei, V. leoni, V. leopardina,
V. nylanderi, V. vesiculosa, V. zebrina
(Bowler & Marsh 2004)
ceruchoides Rundel & Bowler
Syns.: Desmazieria ceruchoides,
Vermilacinia ceruchoides, V. acicularis, V. pumila (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
combeoides (Nyl.) Rundel & Bowler
Syns.: Desmazieria combeoides, Ramalina combeoides, Vermilacinia
combeoides (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
homalea (Ach.) Rundel & Bowler
Syns.: Desmazieria homalea, D. testudinaria, Ramalina homalea, R.
testudinaria
isidiascens Bowler, Marsh, T. Nash & Riefner
laevigata Bowler & Rundel
Syns.: Vermilacinia johncassadyi,
V. laevigata, V. ligulata, V. paleoderma, V. rigida, V. rosei, V. varicosa
(Bowler & Marsh 2004)
polymorpha Bowler, J. E. Marsh, T. H. Nash, & Riefner Syn.:
Vermilacinia polymorpha (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
procera Rundel & Bowler
Syn.: Vermilacinia procera
(Bowler & Marsh 2004)
robusta (R. Howe) Rundel
Syns.: Ramalina combeoides var.
robusta, Vermilacinia robusta (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
tuberculata Riefner, Bowler, J.E. Marsh & T. H. Nash (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
caespitosa Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
cornea Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
dactylifera Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
disrupta (Nyl.) Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
dissecta Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
eburnea Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
fimbriata Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
flaccescens (Nyl.) Rundel & Bowler = a South American species, not
in North America
flagelliforma Spjut
(Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
halei Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
infundibula Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
laminaria Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
palmeri Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
ramosissima Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
siphonoloba Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
sorediata Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
sorocarpia Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N.
homalea
testudinaria (Nyl.) Spjut (Spjut 1996) =
N. homalea
undulata Spjut (Spjut 1996) = N. homalea
NIESSLIA Auersw.
*cladoniicola D. Hawksw. &
W. Gams (Hansen & Alstrup 1995)
NIGROPUNCTA D. Hawksw.
*rugulosa D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
NODOBRYORIA Common & Brodo
abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) Common & Brodo Syns.: Bryoria
abbreviata, Alectoria abbreviata
oregana (Tuck.) Common & Brodo Syns.: Bryoria oregana,
Alectoria oregana
subdivergens (E. Dahl) Common & Brodo Syns.: Bryoria
subdivergens, Alectoria subdivergens
NORMANDINA Nyl.
pulchella (Borrer) Nyl.
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
OCELLULARIA G. Meyer
americana Hale
auberiana (Mont.) Hale Syn.: Leptotrema auberianum
cavata (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
concolor Meyen & Flotow (Harris 1995a)
emersa (Krempelh.) Müll. Arg. (Harris 1995a)
fissa (Nyl.) Hale
granulosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
leiostoma (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Thelotrema leiostomum,
Myriotrema leiostomum, Phaeotrema meiospermum
praestans (Müll. Arg.) Hale Syn.: Thelotrema praestans
retispora R. C. Harris
sanfordiana (Zahlbr.) Hale Syn.: Thelotrema sanfordianum
stictidea (Nyl.) Vezda Syns.: Conotrema albonigrum, Thelotrema
texanum
alborosella (Nyl.) R. Sant. = Thelotrema alborosellum
carnea (Eckf.) Zahlbr. = Mazosia carnea
domingensis (Fée) Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North America
floridensis Fink = Thelotrema porinoides
glaucophaea (Kremp.) Zahlbr. = Myriotrema glaucophaeum
interposita (Nyl.) Hale = misidentifications for North America
lathraea (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema lathraeum
meiosperma (Nyl.) Hale = O. leiostoma
micropora (Mont.) Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema microporum
obturascens (Nyl.) Hale = Myriotrema bahianum
subtilis (Tuck.) Riddle = Thelotrema subtile
terebratula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Myriotrema terebratulum
OCHROLECHIA A. Massal.
africana Vainio
androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold
antillarum Brodo
arborea (Kreyer) Almb.
bryophaga (Erichsen) K. Schmitz & Lumbsch Syn.: Pertusaria
bryophaga
farinacea Howard
frigida (Sw.) Lynge
gowardii Brodo
grimmiae Lynge
groenlandica Vers.
gyalectina (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
inaequatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
juvenalis Brodo
laevigata (Räsänen) Vers. ex Brodo
mexicana Vainio
montana Brodo
oregonensis H. Magn.
pseudopallescens Brodo
rhodoleuca (Th. Fr.) Brodo Syn.: Pertusaria rhodoleuca
splendens Lumbsch & Messuti (Roemer et al. 2004)
subathallina H. Magn.
subisidiata Brodo
subpallescens Vers.
subplicans (Nyl.) Brodo subsp. subplicans
Syn.: Pertusaria subplicans
subplicans subsp. hultenii (Erichsen) Brodo
Syn.: Pertusaria hultenii
szatalaensis Vers.
tartarea (L.) A. Massal.
[Pertusaria trachydactyla Vainio]
trochophora (Vainio) Oshio var. trochophora
trochophora var. pruinirosella Brodo
turneri (Sm.) Hasselrot
upsaliensis (L.) A. Massal.
xanthostoma (Sommerf.) K. Schmitz & Lumbsch Syn.:
Pertusaria xanthostoma
yasudae Vainio
alboflavescens (Wulfen) Zahlbr. = a European taxon, not in North America
apiculata Vers. Mistakenly reported for North America
californica Vers. = O. oregonensis
elisabethae-kolae Vers. = O. frigida
geminipara (Th. Fr.) Vainio = Pertusaria geminipara
gonatodes (Ach.) Räsänen = O. frigida
pacifica H. Magn. = Coccotrema pocillarium
pallescens (L.) A. Massal. Not in North America
parella (L.) A. Massal. Not in North America
pennsylvanica Vers. = O. yasudae
pseudotartarea (Vainio) Vers. = O. pallescens
pterulina (Nyl.) Howard = O. frigida
rhamni-purshianae E. Senft Identity uncertain
rosella (Müll. Arg.) Vers. = O. trochophora
sorediosa Howard = O. szatalaensis
subviridis (Høeg) Erichsen Not in North America
tuckermanii Vers. = O. yasudae
turneri (Sm.) Hasselrot North American report questionable
ODONTOTREMA Nyl.
*bryoriae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich et al. 2002)
*intermedium Diederich, Zhurb. & Etayo (Diederich et al.
2002)
*lecanorae Diederich & Marson (Diederich et al. 2002)
*melaneliae Diederich & Zhurb. (Diederich et al. 2002)
*ochrolechiae Diederich, Holien & Zhurb. (Diederich et al.
2002)
*sipei (Grummann) Diederich (Diederich et al. 2002)
OMPHALARIA Girard & Dunal ex Nyl. = THYREA
kansana Tuck. = Peccania kansana
OMPHALINA Quélet
alpina (Britzelm.) Bresinsky & Stangl = Lichenomphalia alpina
ericetorum (Pers. : Fr.) M. T. Lange = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
hudsoniana (H. S. Jenn.) H. E. Bigelow = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
luteovitellina (Pilát & Nannf.) M. T. Lange = Lichenomphalia alpina
*peltigerina (Peck) P. Collin = Arrhenia peltigerina
umbellifera (L. : Fr.) Quélet = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
velutina (Quélet) Quélet = Lichenomphalia velutina
OMPHALODISCUS Schol. = UMBILICARIA
crustulosus (Ach.) Schol. = Umbilicaria crustulosa
decussatus (Vill.) Schol. = Umbilicaria decussata
krascheninnikovii (Savicz) Schol. = Umbilicaria krascheninnikovii
virginis (Schaerer) Schol. = Umbilicaria virginis
OMPHALODIUM Meyen & Flotow
arizonicum (Tuck. ex Willey) Tuck. = Omphalora arizonica
OMPHALORA T. Nash & Hafellner
arizonica (Tuck. ex Willey) T. Nash & Hafellner Syns.:
Lecanora arizonica, Omphalodium arizonicum
OPEGRAPHA Ach.
agelaea Fée
astraea Tuck.
atra Pers.
aurantiaca B. de Lesd. (Harris 1995a)
bicolor R. C. Harris & Lendemer (Harris & Lendemer 2005)
bonplandii Fée
calcarea Turner ex Sm. & Sowerby
candida Müll. Arg.
corticola Coppins & P. James (Tønsberg 2002)
cypressi R. C. Harris
filicina Mont.
*foreaui (Moreau)
Hafellner & R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
fumosa Coppins & P. James (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
*glaucomaria (Nyl.) Källsten Syn.: Leciographa glaucomaria
gyrocarpa Flotow
herbarum Mont.
*lamyi (O. J. Rich. ex Nyl.) Triebel Syn.: Leciographa lamyi
leucoplaca Müll. Arg.
lithyrga Ach.
longissima Müll. Arg. Syn.: Graphis atrorubens
*melanospila Müll. Arg.
(Diederich 2003)
microcycla Tuck.
niveoatra (Borrer) J. R. Laundon
ochrocheila Nyl.
*physciaria (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. & Coppins (Cole &
Hawksworth 2001)
prosodea Ach.
protuberans Zahlbr.
*pulvinata Rehm Syn.: Opegraphoidea pulvinata
*quaternella Nyl. Syn.: Opegraphoidea quaternella
ravenelii (Tuck.) Tehler Syns.: Platygrapha ravenelii,
Schismatomma ravenelii
rufescens Pers.
*rupestris Pers. Syn.: Leciographa parasitica
sorediifera P. James
*sphaerophoricola Isbrand & Alstrup
*[Opegraphoidea staurothelicola Fink]
*thelotrematis Coppins (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
umbellulariae Zahlbr.
varia Pers.
viridis (Pers. ex Ach.) Behlen & Desberger
vulgata Ach.
*wetmorei M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth
2001)
zonata Körber (Sparrius
2004b)
betulina Sm. = O. herbarum
cinerea Chevall. = O. vulgata
diaphora (Ach.) Ach. = O. varia
diaphoroides Nyl. = Lecanographa grumulosa
hassei Zahlbr. = Lecanographa hypothallina
herpetica (Ach.) Ach. = O. rufescens
hypothallina (Zahlbr.) Tehler = Lecanographa hypothallina
lichenoides Pers. = O. varia
oulocheila Tuck. = Dermiscellum oulocheila
prosiliens Stirton = O. protuberans
pulicaris auct. = O. varia
rimalis Pers. ex Ach. = O. varia
*saxicola Ach. = O. rupestris
*trassii S. Kondr. & Coppins (Coppins &
Kondratyuk 1998) = O. foreaui
OPEGRAPHOIDEA Fink = OPEGRAPHA
*pulvinata (Rehm) Fink = Opegrapha pulvinata
*quaternella (Nyl.) Fink = Opegrapha quaternella
*staurothelicola Fink = a species of Opegrapha
OPHIOPARMA Norman
lapponica (Räsänen) Hafellner & R. W. Rogers
rubricosa (Müll. Arg.) S. Ekman Syns.: Bacidia rubricosa, B.
herrei, Haematomma californicum
ventosa (L.) Norman (May 1997)
herrei (Zahlbr.) Kalb & Staiger (Staiger & Kalb 1995) = O. rubricosa
(Ekman 1996)
ORPHNIOSPORA Körber
moriopsis (A. Massal.) D. Hawksw. Syns.: Buellia atrata, B.
moriopsis, B. coracina
atrata (Sm.) Poelt = O. moriopsis
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PACHYOSPORA A. Massal.
mutabilis (Ach.) A. Massal. = Megaspora verrucosa
verrucosa (Ach.) A. Massal. = Megaspora verrucosa
PACHYPHIALE Lönnr.
carneola (Ach.) Arnold
fagicola (Hepp) Zwackh
gyalizella (Nyl.) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia gyalizella
PANNARIA Delise
elatior Stirton (Jørgensen 2000c)
conoplea (Ach.) Bory
hookeri (Borrer ex Sm.) Nyl.
lurida (
lurida ssp. quercicola P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen
2000c)
lurida ssp. russellii (Tuck.) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen
2000c)
malmei Dodge (Jørgensen 2000c)
mariana (Fr.) Müll.
rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory
subfusca P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
tavaresii P. M. Jørg.
ahlneri P. M. Jørg. = Fuscopannaria ahlneri
cyanolepra Tuck. = Fuscopannaria cyanolepra
granatina (Sommerf.) Th. Fr. = Euopsis granatina
halei Tuck. = Phyllopsora halei
hypnorum (Vahl) Körber = Psoroma hypnorum
isidiata Degel. = Vestergrenopsis isidiata
laceratula
lepidiota (Sommerf.) Th. Fr. = Fuscopannaria praetermissa
leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. Jørg. = Fuscopannaria leucophaea
leucosticta (Tuck.) Tuck. ex Nyl. = Fuscopannaria leucosticta
leucostictoides Ohlsson = Fuscopannaria leucostictoides
maritima P. M. Jørg. = Fuscopannaria maritima
mediterranea Tav. = Fuscopannaria mediterranea
melamphylla Tuck. = Lichinella melamphylla
microphylla "(Sw.)" Müll.
pezizoides (Weber) Trevisan = Protopannaria pezizoides
pityrea auct. = P. conoplea
praetermissa Nyl. = Fuscopannaria praetermissa
pulveracea P. M. Jørg. & Henssen = Fuscopannaria pulveracea
rubiginosa var. lanuginosa (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. = P. conoplea
saubinetii (
sonomensis Tuck. = Koerberia sonomensis
waghornei Eckfeldt = identity uncertain, possibly Santessoniella arctophila
PARANECTRIA Sacc.
*oropensis (Ces.) D. Hawks. & Piroz.
ssp. parviseptata M. S. Cole & D. Hawks. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001) = P. oropensis
(Diederich 2003)
PARAPARMELIA Elix & J. Johnston
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Elix & J. Johnston = Canoparmelia
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Elix (Elix 2001)
PARATHELIUM Nyl. = PYRENULA
cuyabense Malme = Pyrenula cuyabensis
emergens Nyl. ex Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula erumpens
martinicanum Vainio = Pyrenula caraibica
microcarpum Riddle = Pyrenula microtheca
subferrugineum Malme = Pyrenula subferruginea
PARMELIA Ach.
fertilis Müll. Arg.
fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl.
hygrophila Goward & Ahti
neodiscordans Hale
omphalodes (L.) Ach. subsp. omphalodes
omphalodes subsp. pinnatifida (Kurok.) Skult
pseudosulcata Gyelnik
saxatilis (L.) Ach.
skultii Hale
squarrosa Hale
sulcata Taylor
acanthifolia Pers. = Rimelia cetrata
abstrusa Vainio = Relicina abstrusa
ahtii Essl. = Neofuscelia ahtii
ajoensis T. Nash = Xanthoparmelia ajoensis
alabamensis Hale & McCull. = Canoparmelia alabamensis
albertana Ahti = Melanelixia albertana
aleuritica Nyl. = Arctoparmelia centrifuga
almquistii Vainio = Allantoparmelia almquistii
alpicola Th. Fr. = Allantoparmelia alpicola
amazonica Nyl. = Canoparmelia amazonica
andreana Müll. Arg. = Flavopunctelia flaventior
antillensis Nyl. = Parmotremopsis antillensis
appalachensis Culb. = Punctelia appalachensis
arnoldii Du Rietz = Parmotrema arnoldii
arseneana Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia novomexicana
aspera A. Massal. = Melanohalea exasperata
aspidota (Ach.) Poetsch = Melanohalea exasperata
atrofusca (Schaerer) Crombie = Brodoa atrofusca
atticoides Essl. = Neofuscelia atticoides
aurulenta Tuck. = Myelochroa aurulenta
austerodes Nyl. = Hypogymnia austerodes
austrosinensis Zahlbr. = Parmotrema austrosinense
baltimorensis Gyelnik & Fóriss = Flavoparmelia baltimorensis
birulae Elenkin var. grumosa Llano = Arctoparmelia separata
bitteri Lynge = Hypogymnia bitteri
bolliana Müll. Arg. = Punctelia bolliana
borreri (Sm.) Turner = Punctelia borreri
brunella Essl. = Neofuscelia brunella
caperata (L.) Ach. = Flavoparmelia caperata
caperata var. incorrupta (J. Moore) E. C. Berry = Flavopunctelia praesignis
caroliniana Nyl. = Canoparmelia caroliniana
catawbiensis (Degel.) Hale & M. Wirth = Everniastrum catawbiense
centrifuga (L.) Ach. = Arctoparmelia centrifuga
cetrarioides (Delise ex Duby) Nyl. = Cetrelia cetrarioides
cetrata Ach. = Rimelia cetrata
cetrata var. hypotropoides Nyl. ex Willey = Parmotrema hypotropum
chiricahuensis R. Anderson & W. A. Weber = Neofuscelia chiricahuensis
chlorochroa Tuck. = Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa
chrysantha Tuck. = Parmotrema madagascariaceum
cirrhata Fr. = Everniastrum cirrhatum, but reports are misidentifications for
North America.
cladonia (Tuck.) Du Rietz = Pseudevernia cladonia
claudelii (Harm.) Vainio = Parmotrema stuppeum
commensurata Hale = Rimelia commensurata
concreta Stizenb. = a Flavoparmelia sp.
confoederata Culb. = Bulbothrix confoederata
congensis Stein = Xanthoparmelia congensis, but not found in North America
north of Mexico.
congruens auct. = Pseudoparmelia uleana
conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Ach. = Xanthoparmelia conspersa
conspersa var. subconspersa (Nyl.) Gyelnik = Flavoparmelia rutidota
conspurcata (Schaerer) Vainio = Melanelixia subargentifera
coronata Fée = Bulbothrix coronata
crinita Ach. = Parmotrema crinitum
cristifera Taylor = Parmotrema cristiferum
croceopustulata Kurok. = Hypotrachyna croceopustulata
crozalsiana B. de Lesd. ex Harm. = Canoparmelia crozalsiana
cryptochlorophaea Hale = Canoparmelia cryptochlorophaea
cubensis Nyl. = Pseudoparmelia cubensis
cumberlandia (Gyelnik) Hale = Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia
cylisphora (Ach.) Vainio = Flavoparmelia caperata
darrowi J. W. Thomson = Flavopunctelia darrowi
delavayi Hue = Hypogymnia delavayi (Hue) Rass., but misidentifications for
North America
denalii Krog = Melanelia disjuncta
densirhizinata Kurok. = Hypotrachyna densirhizinata
dentella Hale & Kurok. = Hypotrachyna dentella
dierythra Hale = Xanthoparmelia dierythra
diffractaica Essl. = Rimelia diffractaica
digitata Lynge = Hypotrachyna physcioides (Nyl.) Hale, but misidentifications
for North America (?)
dilatata Vainio = Parmotrema dilatatum
disjuncta Erichsen = Melanelia disjuncta
dissecta Nyl. = Parmelinopsis minarum
dissensa T. Nash = Xanthoparmelia dissensa
dominicana Vainio = Parmotrema dominicanum
dubia (Wulfen) Schaerer = Punctelia subrudecta
duplicata var. douglasicola Gyelnik = Hypogymnia physodes
elegantula (Zahlbr.) Szatala = Melanohalea elegantula
encausta (Sm.) Nyl. = Brodoa intestiniformis, but this species is not found in
North America
endosulphurea (Hillm.) Hale = Parmotrema endosulphureum
endoxantha G. Merr. = Pseudoparmelia uleana
ensifolia Kurok. = Hypotrachyna ensifolia
epiclada Hale = Parmotrema submarginale
erecta E. C. Berry = Parmotrema perforatum
eurysaca Hue = Parmotrema eurysacum
exasperata De Not. = Melanohalea exasperata
exasperatula Nyl. = Melanohalea exasperatula
eximbricata (Gyelnik) Hale & Kurok. = Relicina eximbricata
finkii Zahlbr. = Myelochroa obsessa
flaventior Stirton = Flavopunctelia flaventior
flavicans (Tuck.) Tuck. = Flavoparmelia caperata
formosana Zahlbr. = Hypotrachyna osseoalba
frondifera G. Merr. = Punctelia bolliana
furfuracea (L.) Ach. = Pseudevernia intensa and P. consocians for North
American records
galbina Ach. = Myelochroa galbina
glabra (Schaerer) Nyl. = Melanelixia glabra
glabratula (Lamy) Nyl. = Melanelixia fuliginosa
glabroides Essl. = Melanelixia glabroides
goebelii Zenker = Bulbothrix goebelii
gondylophora Hale = Hypotrachyna gondylophora
graminicola B. de Lesd. = Punctelia graminicola
granulosa Lynge = Melanelia disjuncta
hababiana Gyelnik = Parmotrema hababianum
haitiensis Hale = Canomaculina haitiensis
halei Ahti = Melanohalea halei
herreana Zahlbr. = Flavoparmelia caperata
herrei Zahlbr. = Rimelia cetrata
horrescens Taylor = Parmelinopsis horrescens
huachucensis T. Nash = Xanthoparmelia huachucensis
hubrichtii E. C. Berry = Parmelinopsis minarum
hypoleucina J. Steiner = Parmotrema hypoleucinum
hypoleucites Nyl. = Punctelia hypoleucites
hypomelaena Hale = Xanthoparmelia hypomelaena
hypopsila Müll. Arg. = Xanthoparmelia hypopsila, but North American records are
X. angustiphylla
hypotropa Nyl. = Parmotrema hypotropum
hypotropoides Nyl. ex Willey = Parmotrema perforatum
imbricatula Zahlbr. = Hypotrachyna imbricatula
incorrupta J. Moore = Flavopunctelia praesignis
incurva (Pers.) Fr. = Arctoparmelia incurva
infrapallida Essl. = Neofuscelia infrapallida
infumata Nyl. = Melanohalea infumata
internexa Nyl. = Parmotrema internexum
intestiniformis (Vill.) Ach. = Brodoa intestiniformis, but North American
reports are B. oroarctica
ioanis-simae Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia taractica, but western North American
records are probably Xanthoparmelia coloradoensis
isidiata (Anzi) Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia conspersa
isidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Hale = misidentifications for North America
isidiotyla Nyl. = Neofuscelia loxodes
joranadia T. Nash = Xanthoparmelia joranadia
kernstockii (Lynge) Zahlbr. = Flavopunctelia flaventior
kerguelensis A. Wilson = chemotype of Parmelia saxatilis
kerguelensis auct. N. Am. = Parmelia pseudosulcata
kurokawae Hale = Xanthoparmelia lavicola
laevigata (Sm.) Ach. = Hypotrachyna laevigata
laevigatula Nyl. = Bulbothrix laevigatula
lanata (L.) Wallr. = Pseudephebe pubescens
latissima Fée = Parmotrema latissimum, but reports are misidentifications for
North America.
lecanorica Hale = Xanthoparmelia lecanorica, but reports are misidentifications
for North America
leucochlora Tuck. = Pseudoparmelia cubensis
lineola E. C. Berry = Xanthoparmelia lineola
livida Taylor = Hypotrachyna livida
lobulifera Degel. = Hypotrachyna imbricatula
lobulifera var. insensitiva Degel. = Hypotrachyna ensifolia
lobulifera var. luteoreagens Degel. = Hypotrachyna imbricatula
lobulifera var. sanguineoreagens Degel. = Hypotrachyna prolongata
louisianae Hale = Parmotrema louisianae
loxodes Nyl. = Neofuscelia loxodes
madagascariacea (Hue) Abbayes = Parmotrema madagascariaceum
mandshurica Asah. = Flavopunctelia soredica
margaritata Hue = Parmotrema margaritatum
martinicana Nyl. = Canoparmelia martinicana
maxima Hue = Parmotrema stuppeum
mellissii C. W. Dodge = Parmotrema mellissii
metarevoluta Asah. = Myelochroa metarevoluta
mexicana Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia mexicana
michauxiana Zahlbr. = Parmotrema submarginale
molliuscula Ach. = misidentifications for North America
monticola J. P. Dey = Xanthoparmelia monticola
mordenii Hale = Parmotrema mordenii
mougeotii Schaerer = Xanthoparmelia mougeotii
multispora A. Schneider = Melanohalea multispora
negativa Gyelnik = Flavoparmelia caperata
neoconspersa Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia neoconspersa
nigropsoromifera T. Nash = Xanthoparmelia nigropsoromifera
njalensis C. W. Dodge = Bulbothrix goebelii
novomexicana Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia novomexicana
obsessa Ach. = Myelochroa obsessa
occidentalis Essl. = Neofuscelia occidentalis
olivacea (L.) Ach. = Melanohalea olivacea
olivaceoides Krog = Melanohalea olivaceoides
olivaria (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Cetrelia olivetorum
olivetorum Nyl. = Cetrelia olivetorum
omphalodes subsp. glacialis Skult = P. skultii
oostingii J. P. Dey = Hypotrachyna oostingii
oregana Gyelnik = Hypogymnia physodes
panniformis (Nyl.) Vainio = Melanelia panniformis
perforata (Jacq.) Ach. = Parmotrema perforatum
perlata (Hudson) Ach. = Parmotrema chinense
permaculata Hale = Parmotrema eurysacum
perreticulata (Räsänen) Hale = Punctelia perreticulata
pertusa (Schrank) Schaerer = Menegazzia terebrata
physodes (L.) Ach. = Hypogymnia physodes
piedmontensis Hale = Xanthoparmelia piedmontensis
plittii Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia plittii
praesignis Nyl. = Flavopunctelia praesignis
praesorediosa Nyl. = Parmotrema praesorediosum
preperforata Culb. = Parmotrema preperforatum
producta (Hale) J. P. Dey = Hypotrachyna producta
prolixa (Ach.) Carroll = Neofuscelia pulla, but misidentifications for North
America.
prolongata Kurok. = Hypotrachyna prolongata
pseudoborreri Asah. = Punctelia borreri
psoromifera Kurok. = Xanthoparmelia psoromifera
pulla Ach. = Neofuscelia pulla (Ach.) Essl., but misidentifications for North
America
pulvinata Fée = Hypotrachyna pulvinata
pustulifera Hale = Hypotrachyna pustulifera
quercina (Willd.) Vainio = Parmelina quercina
rachista Hale = Hypotrachyna prolongata
rampoddensis Nyl. = Parmotrema rampoddense
recipienda Nyl. = Canomaculina subcaperata (Kremp.) Elix., but
misidentifications for North America
reddenda Stirton = Punctelia reddenda
relicina Fr. = Relicina relicinula (Müll. Arg.) Hale, but misidentifications
for North America
reparata Stirton = Rimelia cetrata
reticulata Taylor = Rimelia reticulata
revoluta Flörke = Hypotrachyna revoluta
rigida Lynge = Parmotrema rigidum
robusta Degel. = Parmotrema robustum
rockii Zahlbr. = Hypotrachyna rockii
rudecta Ach. = Punctelia rudecta
rutidota Hook. f. & Taylor = Flavoparmelia rutidota
salacinifera Hale = Canoparmelia salacinifera
santae-crucis Vainio = Parmotrema praesorediosum
saximontana R. Anderson & W. A. Weber = Melanelia tominii
scortella Nyl. = Bulbothrix goebelii
semansiana Culb. & C. Culb. = Punctelia graminicola
separata Th. Fr. = Arctoparmelia separata
septentionalis (Lynge) Ahti = Melanohalea septentrionalis
sibirica Zahlbr. = Allantoparmelia sibirica
silvestris Degel. = Myelochroa aurulenta
simulans Hale = Rimelia simulans
sinuosa (Sm.) Ach. = Hypotrachyna sinuosa
sipeana Gyelnik = Menegazzia terebrata
sorediata (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Melanelia sorediata
soredica Nyl. = Flavopunctelia soredica
sorediosa Almb. = Melanelia sorediata
sorocheila Vainio = Everniastrum sorocheilum, but North American records refer
to E. catawbiense
sphaerospora Nyl. (North American records) = Pseudoparmelia uleana
sphaerosporella Müll. Arg. = Ahtiana sphaerosporella
spumosa Asah. = Parmelinopsis spumosa
stenophylla (Ach.) Du Rietz = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis
stictica (Duby) Nyl. = Punctelia stictica
stuppea Taylor = Parmotrema stuppeum
stygia (L.) Ach. = Melanelia stygia
subargentifera Nyl. = Melanelixia subargentifera
subarnoldii Abbayes = Parmotrema subarnoldii, but are misidentifications for
North America north of Mexico
subaurifera Nyl. = Melanelixia subaurifera
subcapitata Nyl. = (?)
subcentrifuga Oksner = Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga
subcrinita auct. = Parmotrema ultralucens
subcrinita Nyl. = Canomaculina subtinctoria
subdecipiens Vainio = Xanthoparmelia subdecipiens
subelegantula Essl. = Melanohalea subelegantula
subhosseana Essl. = Neofuscelia subhosseana
subinvoluta Hale = Parmotrema rampoddense
subisidiosa (Müll. Arg.) C. W. Dodge = Rimelia subisidiosa
subobscura Vainio = Hypogymnia subobscura
subolivacea Nyl. = Melanohalea subolivacea
subpraesignis Nyl. = Punctelia subpraesignis
subquercifolia Hue = Myelochroa galbina
subramigera Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia subramigera
subrudecta Nyl. = Punctelia subrudecta
subrugata Kremp. = misidentifications for North America
substygia Räsänen = Melanelia tominii
subsumpta Nyl. = Canomaculina subsumpta
subtinctoria Zahlbr. = Canomaculina subtinctoria
sulphurata Nees & Flotow = Parmotrema sulphuratum
swinscowii Hale = Parmelinopsis swinscowii
taractica Kremp. = Xanthoparmelia taractica, but see note there
tasmanica Hook. f. & Taylor = Xanthoparmelia tasmanica
texana Tuck. = Canoparmelia texana
thysanota Kurok. = Hypotrachyna thysanota
tinctina Maheu & A. Gillet = Xanthoparmelia tinctina, but not found in
North America
tinctorum Delise ex Nyl. = Parmotrema tinctorum
trabeculata Ahti = Melanohalea trabeculata
trichotera Hue = Parmotrema chinense
tuberculata Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia novomexicana
tubulosa (Schaerer) Bitter = Hypogymnia tubulosa
tucsonensis T. Nash = Xanthoparmelia tucsonensis
uleana Müll. Arg. = Pseudoparmelia uleana
ulophylla (Ach.) G. Merr. = Punctelia subrudecta
ulophyllodes (Vainio) Savicz = Flavopunctelia soredica
ultralucens Krog = Parmotrema ultralucens
verruculifera Nyl. = Neofuscelia verruculifera
virginica Hale = Hypotrachyna virginica
vittata (Ach.) Nyl. = Hypogymnia vittata
weberi Hale = Xanthoparmelia weberi
wyomingica (Gyelnik) Hale = Xanthoparmelia wyomingica
xanthina (Müll. Arg.) Vainio = Parmotrema xanthinum
zollingeri Hepp = Parmotrema zollingeri
PARMELIELLA Müll.
appalachensis P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
corallinoides (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.
cyanolepra (Tuck.) Herre
pannosa (Sw.) Nyl.
parvula P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
ruderatula (Nyl.) Hasse
stylophora (Vainio) P. M. Jørg. (Jørgensen 2000c)
triptophylla (Ach.) Müll.
arctophila (Th. Fr.) Malme = Santessoniella arctophila (Henssen 1997)
cheiroloba Müll.
crossophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr. & Burnham =
Santessoniella crossophyla
lepidiota (Sommerf.) Vainio = Fuscopannaria praetermissa
microphylla "(Sw.)" Müll.
plumbea (Lightf.) Vainio = Degelia plumbea
praetermissa (Nyl.) P. James = Fuscopannaria praetermissa
saubinetii (
stellata (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Coccocarpia stellata
PARMELINA Hale
quercina (Willd.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia quercina
antillensis (Nyl.) Hale = Parmotremopsis antillensis
aurulenta (Tuck.) Hale = Myelochroa aurulenta
dissecta (Nyl.) Hale = Parmelinopsis minarum
galbina (Ach.) Hale = Myelochroa galbina
horrescens (
metarevoluta (Asah.) Hale = Myelochroa metarevoluta
minarum (Vainio) Skorepa = Parmelinopsis minarum
obsessa (Ach.) Hale = Myelochroa obsessa
spumosa (Asah.) Hale = Parmelinopsis spumosa
swinscowii (Hale) Hale = Parmelinopsis swinscowii
PARMELINOPSIS Elix & Hale
cryptochlora (Vainio) Elix & Hale
horrescens (Taylor) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina
horrescens, Parmelia horrescens
minarum (Vainio) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina minarum, P.
dissecta, Parmelia dissecta, P. hubrichtii
spumosa (Asah.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina spumosa,
Parmelia spumosa
swinscowii (Hale) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina swinscowii,
Parmelia swinscowii
PARMELIOPSIS Nyl.
ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. Syn.: Foraminella ambigua
capitata R. C. Harris (Hinds & Hinds 1998)
hyperopta (Ach.)
subambigua Gyelnik Syns.: Foraminella subambigua
aleurites (Ach.) Nyl. = Imshaugia aleurites
diffusa (Weber) Riddle = P. hyperopta
halei (Tuck.) Hale = P. subambigua
placorodia (Ach.) Nyl. = Imshaugia placorodia
PARMENTARIA Fée = PYRENULA
astroidea Fée = Pyrenula astroidea
[Pleurotheliopsis australiensis (Müll.
nana (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anthracothecium nanum
rappii Zahlbr. = Pyrenula leucostoma Ach.
ravenelii (Tuck.) Müll.
PARMOTREMA A. Massal.
arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale Syn.: Parmelia arnoldii
austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia austrosinensis
chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti Syns.: Parmelia perlata, P.
trichotera
crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy Syn.: Parmelia crinita
cristiferum (
despectum Kurok. (Kurokawa 2001)
dilatatum (Vainio) Hale Syn.: Parmelia dilatata
dominicanum (Vainio) Hale Syn.: Parmelia dominicana
endosulphureum (Hillm.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia endosulphurea
eurysacum (
gardneri (C. W. Dodge) Sérus.
hababianum (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia hababiana
hypoleucinum (Steiner) Hale Syn.: Parmelia hypoleucina
hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia hypotropa, P. cetrata
var. hypotropoides
internexum (Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia internexa
louisianae (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia louisianae
madagascariaceum (Hue) Hale Syns.: Parmelia madagascariacea,
P. chrysantha
margaritatum (Hue) Hale Syn.: Parmelia margaritata
mellissii (C. W. Dodge) Hale Syn.: Parmelia mellissii
mordenii (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia mordenii
perforatum (Jacq.) A. Massal. Syns.: Parmelia perforata, P.
erecta, P. hypotropoides
praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia praesorediosa, P.
santae-crucis
preperforatum (Culb.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia preperforata
rampoddense (Nyl.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia rampoddensis, P.
subinvoluta
rigidum (Lynge) Hale Syn.: Parmelia rigida
rubifaciens (Hale) Hale
stuppeum (Taylor) Hale Syns.: Parmelia stuppea, P. claudelii,
P. maxima
submarginale (Michx.) DePriest & B. Hale Syns.: Parmelia
michauxiana, P. epiclada (DePriest & Hale 1998)
sulphuratum (Nees & Flotow) Hale Syn.: Parmelia sulphurata
tinctorum (Delise ex Nyl.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia tinctorum
ultralucens (Krog) Hale Syns.: Parmelia ultralucens, P.
subcrinita auct. non Nyl.
xanthinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia xanthina
zollingeri (Hepp) Hale Syn.: Parmelia zollingeri
cetratum (Ach.) Hale = Rimelia cetrata
commensuratum (Hale) Hale = Rimelia commensurata
conferendum Hale = Canomaculina conferenda
diffractaicum (Essl.) Hale = Rimelia diffractaica
haitiense (Hale) Hale = Canomaculina haitiensis
michauxianum (Zahlbr.) Hale = P. submarginale
neotropicum Kurok. ex Hale = Canomaculina neotropica
perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisy = P. chinense
reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy = Rimelia reticulata
robustum (Degel.) Hale North American records are P. gardneri
simulans (Hale) Hale = Rimelia simulans
subisidiosum (Müll. Arg.) Hale = Rimelia subisidiosa
subsumptum (Nyl.) Hale = Canomaculina subsumpta
subtinctorium (Zahlbr.) Hale = Canomaculina subtinctoria
PARMOTREMOPSIS Elix & Hale
antillensis (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Syns.: Parmelina
antillensis, Parmelia antillensis
PARMULARIA Nilson
brouardii B. de Lesd. = a Lecanora sp.
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = Lecanora novomexicana
PATRICIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
valentinianus D. Hawks. (Cole & D. Hawksworth 2001)
PAULIA Fée
pyrenoides (Nyl.) Henssen Syn.: Thyrea pyrenoides
PECCANIA A. Massal. ex Arnold
arizonica (Tuck.) Herre
kansana (Tuck.) Forss. Syn.: Omphalaria kansana
subnigra (B. de Lesd.) Wetmore Syns.: Placynthium subnigrum,
Synalissa subnigra
texana (Tuck.) Wetmore Syn.: Synalissa texana
PELTIGERA Willd.
aphthosa (L.) Willd.
britannica (Gyelnik) Holt.-Hartw. & Tønsberg
canina (L.) Willd.
castanea Goward, Goffinet & Miadlikowska (Goffinet et al.
2003)
chionophila Goward & Goffinet (Goward & Goffinet 2000)
cinnamomea Goward
collina (Ach.) Schrader
degenii Gyelnik
didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon
elisabethae Gyelnik
evansiana Gyelnik
extenuata (Vainio) Lojka (Goffinet et al. 2003)
fibrilloides (Gyeln.) Vitik. (Vitikainen 2004)
horizontalis (Hudson) Baumg.
hymenina (Ach.) Delise
kristinssonii Vitik.
lepidophora (Nyl. ex Vainio) Bitter
leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyelnik
malacea (Ach.) Funck
membranacea (Ach.) Nyl.
monticola Vitik.
(Vitikainen 2004)
neckeri Hepp ex Müll. Arg.
neopolydactyla (Gyelnik) Gyelnik
pacifica Vitik.
phyllidiosa Goffinet & Miadlikowska (Goffinet &
Miadlikowska 1999)
polydactylon (Necker) Hoffm.
ponojensis Gyelnik
praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf
retifoveata Vitik.
rufescens (Weiss) Humb.
scabrosa Th. Fr.
scabrosella Holt.-Hartw.
venosa (L.) Hoffm.
aphthosa f. complicata (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. = P. leucophlebia
aphthosa var. variolosa A. Massal. = P. leucophlebia
canina var. rufescens (Weiss) Mudd = P. rufescens
canina var. rufescens f. innovans (Körber) J. W. Thomson = P. praetextata
canina var. spuria (Ach.) Schaerer = P. didactyla
didactyla var. extenuata (Nyl. ex Vainio)
Goffinet & Hastings (Goffinet & Hastings 1995) = P. extenuata
erumpens (Taylor) Elenkin = P. didactyla
hazslinszkyi Gyelnik = P.
extenuata
horizontalis (Hudson) Baumg. f. zopfii (Gyelnik) J. W. Thomson This name has
often been used for P. elisabethae
lactucifolia (With.) J. R. Laundon = P. hymenina
occidentalis sensu Kristinsson = P. kristinssonii
occidentalis (E. Dahl) Kristinsson = P. neopolydactyla
polydactyla var. hymenina (Ach.) Flotow = P. hymenina
polydactyla var. neopolydactyla Gyelnik = P. neopolydactyla
pulverulenta (Taylor) Kremp. = P. scabrosa Th. Fr. for North American records
scutata (Dickson) Duby = P. collina
spuria (Ach.) DC. = P. didactyla
variolosa (A. Massal.) Gyelnik = P. leucophlebia
PELTULA Nyl.
bolanderi (Tuck.) Wetmore Syn.: Heppia bolanderi
clavata (Kremp.) Wetmore
cylindrica Wetmore
euploca (Ach.) Poelt Syns.: Heppia euploca, H. geupinii, H.
polyphylla
farinosa Büdel (Büdel & Nash 2002)
michoacanensis (B. de Lesd.) Wetmore
obscurans (Nyl.) Gyelnik var. obscurans
obscurans var. deserticola (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Syn.: Heppia deserticola
obscurans var. hassei (Zahlbr.) Wetmore Syn.:
Heppia hassei
omphaliza (Nyl.) Wetmore
patellata (Bagl.) Swinscow & Krog Syn.: Heppia polyspora,
H. terrena
placodizans (Zahlbr.) Wetmore Syn.: Heppia placodizans
radicata (Ach.) Nyl.
psammophila (Nyl.) Egea (Büdel & Nash 2002)
richardsii (Herre) Wetmore Syn.: Heppia richardsii
sonorensis Büdel & T. Nash
tortuosa (Nees) Wetmore Syn.: Heppia tortuosa
zahlbruckneri (Hasse) Wetmore Syn.: Heppia zahlbruckneri
polyspora (Tuck.) Wetmore = P. patellata
PERFORARIA Müll. Arg. =COCCOTREMA
minuta Degel. = Coccotrema pocillarium
PERIDIOTHELIA D. Hawksw.
+fuliguncta (Norman) D. Hawksw. (Aptroot 2002d)
+grandiuscula (Anzi) D. Hawksw.
PERIGRAPHA Hafellner
*superveniens (Nyl.) Hafellner (Diederich 2003)
PERTUSARIA DC.
alaskensis Erichsen
albescens (Hudson) M. Choisy & Werner
alpina Hepp ex Ahles
amara (Ach.) Nyl.
atra Lynge
azulensis B. de Lesd. (Lumbsch et al. 1999)
borealis Erichsen
brattiae Lumbsch & Nash (Lumbsch et al. 1999)
bryontha (Ach.) Nyl.
californica Dibben
carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi
chiodectonoides Bagl. ex A. Massal.
coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. (Tønsberg 1999a)
consocians Dibben
copiosa Erichsen
coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.
dactylina (Ach.) Nyl.
disticha Erichsen
epixantha R. C. Harris
excludens Nyl.
expolita R. C. Harris
flavicunda Tuck.
flavocorallina Coppins & Muhr
floridana Dibben
geminipara (Th. Fr.) C. Knight ex Brodo Syn.: Ochrolechia
geminipara
glaucomela (Tuck.) Nyl. Syn.: Lecanora glaucomela
globularis (Ach.) Tuck.
glomerata (Ach.) Schaerer
hakkodensis Yasuda ex Räsänen
hymenea (Ach.) Schaerer
hypothamnolica Dibben
iners R. C. Harris
lecanina Tuck.
leioplaca DC.
macounii (Lamb) Dibben Syn.: Melanaria macounii
mariae B. de Lesd. (Lumbsch et al. 1999)
moreliensis B. de Lesd. (Nash et al. 1998)
multipunctoides Dibben
neoscotica Lamb
obruta R. C. Harris
octomela (Norman) Erichsen
oculata (Dickson) Th. Fr.
ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl.
ostiolata Dibben
panyrga (Ach.) A. Massal.
papillata (Ach.) Tuck.
paratuberculifera Dibben
plittiana Erichsen
propinqua Müll. Arg.
pruinifera Erichsen
pseudocorallina (Lilj.) Arnold
pupillaris (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
pustulata (Ach.) Duby
rhexostoma Nyl.
rubefacta Erichsen
saximontana Wetmore
shenandoensis Hale & Dibben
sinusmexicani Dibben
sommerfeltii (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Fr.
stenhammarii Hellb.
subambigens Dibben
subamplicata Nyl.
subdactylina Nyl.
subobducens Nyl.
suboculata Brodo & Dibben
subpertusa Brodo
sulcata Dibben
tejocotensis B. de Lesd. (Lumbsch et al. 1999)
tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl.
texana Müll. Arg.
trachythallina Erichsen
trochiscea Norman
valliculata Dibben
velata (Turner) Nyl.
ventosa Malme
virensica R. C. Harris
waghornei Hulting
wulfenioides B. de Lesd.
xanthodes Müll. Arg.
zeorina Erichsen
aleutensis Erichsen = P. alaskensis
amara var. flotowiana (Flörke) Vainio = P. amara var. amara, at least for
Europe
ambigens (Nyl.) Tuck. = P. subambigens, for North American records
arizonica Dibben = P. tejocotensis
bryophaga Erichsen = Ochrolechia bryophaga
canadensis Stirton = P. pustulata
ceuthocarpa (Sm.) Turner & Borrer = P. excludens
ceuthocarpoides Zahlbr. = P. excludens
concentrica Erichsen Type not found. May be P. multipunctoides
coriacea var. obducens (Nyl.) Vainio = P. coriacea
diffusilis Erichsen = P. glomerata
discoidea (Pers.) Malme = P. albescens
finkii Zahlbr. ex Fink = P. rhexostoma
flavida (DC.) J. R. Laundon = a European taxon, not in North America
freyi Erichsen = Megaspora verrucosa
granulata (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = P. wulfenioides for North American records
hemisphaerica (Flörke) Erichsen = a European taxon, not in North America
hultenii Erichsen = Ochrolechia subplicans subsp. hultenii
laevigata (Nyl.) Arnold non (Th. Fr.) Anzi = P. trachythallina
leioterella Erichsen = P. macounii for North American reports
leucostoma A. Massal. = P. leioplaca
lutescens (Hoffm.) Lamy = P. flavida, but not in North America
marginata Nyl. = P. propinqua
microsticta (Sm. & Sow.) Erichsen = P. excludens
monogona Nyl. = P. excludens for North American records
multipuncta (Turner) Nyl. = misidentifications for North America
nolens Nyl. = P. chiodectonoides
ocellata (Wallr.) Körber = misidentifications for North America
pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. = misidentifications for North America
protuberans (Sommerf. ex Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. = P. carneopallida
pulchella Malme = P. velata (Archer & Messuti 1997)
raesaenenii Erichsen = misidentifications for North America
rhodoleuca Th. Fr. = Ochrolechia rhodoleuca
rubescens Erichsen = P. propinqua
santamonicae Dibben = P. velata (Archer & Messuti 1997)
subplicans Nyl. = Ochrolechia subplicans
subpupillaris Vezda = P. glaucomela
tabuliformis Erichsen = P. leioplaca
taeniata Erichsen = P. zeorina
torquata Müll. Arg. = P. propinqua
trachydactyla Vainio = identity uncertain, possibly an Ochrolechia sp.
tuberculifera Nyl. = misidentifications for North America; most specimens are
P. paratuberculifera
tuckermanii Erichsen = P. subobducens
wulfenii DC. = P. hymenea
xanthostoma (Sommerf.) Fr. = Ochrolechia xanthostoma
PETRACTIS Fr.
farlowii (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Vezda
PEZIZELLA Fuckel
*epithallina (W.
Phillips & Plowr.) Sacc. (Diederich 2003)
PHACOPSIS Tul.
*cephalodioides (Nyl.) Triebel
& Rambold (Diederich 2003)
*doerfeltii Alstrup & Scholz (Scholz 1998)
*fusca (Triebel & Rambold)
Diederich (Diederich 2003)
*huuskonenii Räsänen
*oxyspora (Tul.) Triebel & Rambold Syn.: Nesolechia
oxyspora
*thallicola (A. Massal.) Triebel & Rambold Syn.:
Nesolechia thallicola
*vulpina Tul.
*oxyspora var. defecta Triebel & Rambold =
P. oxyspora
*oxsypora var. fusca Triebel & Rambold = P.
fusca
PHAEOCALICIUM A. F. W. Schmidt
+betulinum (Nyl.) Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
*compressulum (Nyl. ex Szatala) A. F. W. Schmidt Syn.:
Mycocalicium compressulum
+curtisii (Tuck.) Tibell Syn.: Calicium curtisii
+flabelliforme Tibell (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+matthewsianum Selva & Tibell (Selva &
Tibell 1999)
+minutissimum (Merrill) Selva Syns.: Calicium
minutissimum, Stenocybe minutissima (Selva & Tibell 1999)
+polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell
+populneum (Brond. ex Duby) A. F. W. Schmidt Syn.:
Calicium populneum
+praecedens (Nyl.) A. F. W. Schmidt
+tremulicola (Norrl. ex Nyl.) Tibell Syn. Stenocybe
tremulicola (Tibell 1996; Selva & Tibell 1999)
PHAEOGRAPHINA Müll. Arg.
asteroides Fink
explicans Fink
caesiopruinosa (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Platygramme
caesiopruinosa
columbina (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Fissurina
columbina
plurifera (Nyl.) Fink = Platygramme caesioipruinosa
quassiicola (Fée) Müll. Arg. = Thecaria
quassiicola
scalpturata (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Platygramme caesiopruinosa for North American
records
PHAEOGRAPHIS Müll. Arg.
arthonioides (Vainio) Zahlbr.
dendritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
dendriticella Müll. Arg.
erumpens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
haematites (Fée) Müll. Arg.
intricans (Nyl.) Staiger Syn.: Sarcographa intricans (Staiger
2002)
inusta (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
lobata (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
multicolor R. C. Harris
punctiformis (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
smithii (Leighton) B. de Lesd. (Tønsberg 1999a)
subfulgurata (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
subtigrina (Vainio) Zahlbr.
tortuosa (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
exaltata (Mont. & Bosch) Müll. Arg. =
Leiorreuma exaltatum
eulectra (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Graphis eulectra
lyellii (Sm.) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America
sericea (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. = Leiorreuma sericea
sexloculata Fink = P. arthonioides
PHAEOPHYSCIA Moberg
adiastola (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Physcia adiastola
ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg Syns.: Physcia ciliata, P. obscura
auct.
constipata (Norrlin & Nyl.) Moberg Syn.: Physcia
constipata
decolor (Kashiw.) Essl.
endococcina (Körber) Moberg Syns.: Physcia endococcina, P.
lithotodes, (?) P. columbiana
endococcinodes (Poelt) Essl. Syn.: Physcia endococcinodes
erythrocardia (Tuck.) Essl.
hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl. Syn.: Physcia hirsuta
hirtella Essl.
hispidula (Ach.) Essl. Syns.: Physcia hispidula, P. setosa
insignis (Mereschk.) Moberg
kairamoi (Vainio) Moberg Syn.: Physcia kairamoi
leana (Tuck.) Essl. Syn.: Physcia leana
nigricans (Flörke) Moberg Syn.: Physcia nigricans
orbicularis (Necker) Moberg Syn.: Physcia orbicularis
pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. Syn.: Physcia pusilloides
rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl. Syns.: Physcia orbicularis f.
rubropulchra, P. endochrysea, P. rubropulchra
sciastra (Ach.) Moberg Syns.: Physcia sciastra, P. lithotea
squarrosa Kashiwadani (Moberg 1995) Syn: Physcia lacinulata, for
North American records
cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl. = P. hirsuta (Esslinger 2004b)
chloantha (Ach.) Moberg = Physciella chloantha
imbricata sensu Esslinger (1978) = P. squarrosa
imbricata (Vainio) Essl. = P. hispidula
melanchra (Hue) Hale = Physciella melanchra
nepalensis (Poelt) D. D. Awasthi = Physciella nepalensis
PHAEOPYXIS Rambold & Triebel (Rambold & Triebel
1990)
*punctum (A. Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins (Rambold
& Triebel 1990)
PHAEORRHIZA H. Mayrh. & Poelt
nimbosa (Fr.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt Syns.: Rinodina nimbosa,
R. phaeocarpa
sareptana (Tomin) H. Mayrh. & Poelt
PHAEOSPORA Hepp ex Stein
*arctica Horáková & Alstrup
*parasitica (Lönnr.) Arnold
*rimosicola (Leighton ex Mudd) Hepp ex Stein Syn.: Pyrenulella
endococcoidea
PHAEOSPOROBOLUS D. Hawksw. & Hafellner
*alpinus R. Sant., Alstrup & D. Hawksw.
*usneae D. Hawksw. & Hafellner
PHAEOTREMA Müll. Arg.
californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Thelotrema californicum
meiospermum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Ocellularia leiostoma
PHARCIDIA Körber = STIGMIDIUM
*ephebes Henssen = Stigmidium ephebes
*epicymatia (Wallr.) Winter = a Stigmidium spp.
*dispersa (J. Lahm ex Körber) Winter ex Rabenh. = Zwackhiomyces dispersus
*parva Henssen (see Stigmidium)
PHLYCTELLA Kremp.
andensis Nyl.
PHLYCTIDIA
Müll. Arg.
ludoviciensis Müll. Arg. = Phlyctis ludoviciensis
PHLYCTIS Wallr.
agelaea (Ach.) Flotow
argena (Sprengel) Flotow
ludoviciensis (Müll.
speirea G. Merr.
willeyi Tuck.
PHOMA Fr.
*cytospora (Vouaux) D. Hawks. (Cole & D. Hawksworth 2001)
*fuliginosa M. S. Cole &
D. Hawksw. (Hawksworth & Cole 2004)
*peltigerae (P. Karst.)
D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)
*physciicola Keissl. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
PHRAGMONAEVIA Rehm
*fuckelii Rehm = Corticifraga fuckelii
PHYLLISCUM Nyl.
demangeonii (Moug. &
tenue Henssen
PHYLLOPSORA Müll.
buettneri (Müll.
buettneri var. munda (Malme) Brako (Brako
1991)
confusa Swinscow & Krog
corallina (Eschw.) Müll.
corallina var. glaucella (Vainio) Brako
(Brako 1991)
corallina var. ochroxantha (Nyl.) Brako
(Brako 1991)
corallina var. rappiana Brako (Brako 1991)
corallina var. santensis (Tuck.) Brako Syns.:
Bacidia microphyllina auct.
furfuracea (Pers.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Lecidea furfuracea
glabella (Nyl.) Gotth. Schneider
halei (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Pannaria halei
isidiotyla (Vainio) Riddle (Brako 1991)
kalbii Brako (Brako 1991)
parvifolia (Pers.) Müll
parvifolia var. breviuscula (Nyl.) Brako
(Brako 1991)
parvifoliella (Nyl.) Müll.
canoumbrina (Vainio) Brako Not known from
santensis (Tuck.) Swinscow & Krog = P. corallina var. santensis
subcorallina Zahlbr. = Catinaria subcorallina
subfilamentosa Zahlbr. = Fuscidea subfilamentosa
PHYSALOSPORA Niessl
*xanthoriae (Wedd.) Sacc. = misidentification for
PHYSCIA (Schreber) Michaux
adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier
aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. var. aipolia
aipolia var. alnophila (Vainio) Lynge
albinea (Ach.) Nyl.
atrostriata Moberg
biziana (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.
caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr.
callosa Nyl.
cascadensis H. Magn.
clementei (Sm.) Lynge
convexa Müll.
crispa Nyl. Many old records using this name are actually P.
atrostriata
dakotensis Essl. (Esslinger 2004a)
dimidiata (
dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau
duplicorticata W. A. Weber & J. W. Thomson
erumpens Moberg (Moberg 1997)
halei J. W. Thomson
leptalea (Ach.) DC.
magnussonii Frey
mexicana B. de Lesd.
millegrana Degel.
nashii Moberg (Moberg 1997)
neogaea R. C. Harris
phaea (Tuck.) J. W. Thomson
poncinsii
pseudospeciosa J. W. Thomson
pumilior R. C. Harris
solistella Essl. & Egan (Esslinger & Egan 1996)
sorediosa (Vainio) Lynge
stellaris (L.) Nyl.
subtilis Degel.
tenella (Scop.) DC.
tenella subsp. marina (A. Nyl.) D. Hawksw.
tenellula Moberg (Moberg 1997)
tribacia (Ach.) Nyl.
undulata Moberg (Harris 1995a)
wainioi Räsänen
adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl. = Hyperphyscia adglutinata
adiastola Essl. = Phaeophyscia adiastola
alba (Fée) Müll.
alba var. obsessa (
"albicans (Pers.) J. W. Thomson" = P. atrostriata for North American
reports
aspera H. Magn. = Dirinaria aegialita
astroidea (Clem.) Nyl. = P. clementei
cainii Räsänen = P. aipolia
cernohorskyi Nádv. = Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi
chloantha (Ach.) Vainio = Physciella chloantha
ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz = Phaeophyscia ciliata
columbiana B. de Lesd. = (?) Phaeophyscia endococcina, but the type not seen
constipata Norrlin & Nyl. = Phaeophyscia constipata
convexella Moberg (Moberg 1997, in map)
Erroneous report for the
culbersonii Thoms. (nomen nudum) = Phaeophyscia
squarrosa
detersa (Nyl.) Nyl. = Physconia detersa
elaeina (Sm.) A. L. Sm. = Hyperphyscia adglutinata
endochrysea (Hampe) Nyl. = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra
endococcina (Körber) Th. Fr. = Phaeophyscia endococcina
endococcinodes Poelt = Phaeophyscia endococcinodes
fragilescens Zahlbr. = P. sorediosa
frostii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Dirinaria frostii
grisea (Lam.) Zahlbr. = Physconia grisea, but misidentifications for
hirsuta Mereschk. = Phaeophyscia hirsuta
hispida auct. = P. tenella
hispidula (Ach.) Frey = Phaeophyscia hispidula
intermedia Vainio = P. dubia
imbricata Vainio = Phaeophyscia hispidula
isidiigera (Zahlbr.) Fink = Physconia isidiigera
kairamoi Vainio = Phaeophyscia kairamoi
lacinulata Müll.
leana (Tuck.) Tuck. = Phaeophyscia leana
lithotea "(Ach.) Nyl." = Phaeophyscia sciastra
lithotodes Nyl. = Phaeophyscia endococcina
luganensis Mereschk. = Physciella chloantha
melanchra
melops Dufour = P. phaea
minor (Fée) Vainio = Hyperphyscia minor
muscigena (Ach.) Nyl. = Physconia muscigena
nepalensis Poelt = Physciella nepalensis
nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb. = Phaeophyscia nigricans
obscura auct. = Phaeophyscia ciliata
obsessa (
orbicularis (Necker) Poetsch = Phaeophyscia orbicularis
orbicularis f. rubropulchra Degel. = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra
picta (Sw.) Nyl. = Dirinaria picta
pulverulenta auct. non (Schreber) Fürnr. = Physconia distorta, but
misidentifications for
pusilloides Zahlbr. = Phaeophyscia pusilloides
rubropulchra (Degel.) Moberg = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra
sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz = Phaeophyscia sciastra
semipinnata (J. F. Gmelin) Moberg = P. leptalea
setosa (Ach.) Nyl. = Phaeophyscia hispidula
subobscura Nyl. = P. tenella subsp. marina
syncolla Tuck. ex Nyl. = Hyperphyscia syncolla
teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge = P. dubia
tribacoides auct. non Nyl. = P.
venusta (Ach.) Nyl. = Physconia venusta, but misidentifications for
PHYSCIELLA Essl.
chloantha (Ach.) Essl. Syns.: Physcia chloantha, P. luganensis,
Phaeophyscia chloantha
melanchra (
nepalensis (Poelt) Essl. Syns.: Physcia nepalensis,
Phaeophyscia nepalensis
PHYSCIOPSIS M. Choisy = HYPERPHYSCIA
adglutinata (Flörke) M. Choisy = Hyperphyscia adglutinata
elaeina (Sm.) Poelt = Hyperphyscia adglutinata
minor (Fée) B.
syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Poelt = Hyperphyscia syncolla
PHYSCONIA Poelt
californica Essl. (Esslinger 2000b)
detersa (Nyl.) Poelt Syn.: Physcia detersa
elegantula Essl.
enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt
fallax Essl. (Esslinger 2000b)
isidiigera (Zahlbr.) Essl.
isidiomuscigena Essl. (Esslinger 2000b)
kurokawae Kashiw.
leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Essl.
muscigena (Ach.) Poelt Syn.: Physcia muscigena
perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg
subpalllida Essl.
distorta (With.) J. R. Laundon = misidentifications for
farrea sensu Poelt = P. perisidiosa [Parmelia farrea Ach. = Physconia grisea]
grisea (Lam.) Poelt = misidentifications for
pulverulacea Moberg = P. distorta, but misidentifications for
pulverulenta auct. non (Schreber) Poelt = P. distorta, but misidentifications
for
thomsonii Essl.= Anaptychia elbursiana
PHYSMA A. Massal.
byrsaeum (Ach.) Müll.
cataractaecola B. de Lesd.
PHYTOCONIS Bory
ericetorum (Pers. : Fr.) Redhead &
Kuyper = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
luteovitellina (Pilát & Nannf.)
Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia alpina
velutina (Quélet) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia velutina
viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
PICCOLIA A. Massal. (Hafellner 1995)
conspersa (Fée) Vainio Syn.: Biatorella conspersa (Hafellner
1995)
PILOPHORUS Th. Fr.
acicularis (Ach.) Th. Fr.
cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr. in Hellb.
clavatus Th. Fr. Syn.: P. hallii
dovrensis (Nyl.) Timdal, Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
pallida
fibula (Tuck.) Th. Fr.
nigricaulis Satô
robustus Th. Fr.
vegae Krog
hallii (Tuck.) Vainio = P. clavatus
pallidus (Th. Fr.) Timdal = P. dovrensis
PLACIDIOPSIS Beltr.
cinerascens (Nyl.) Breuss
minor R. C. Harris
pseudocinerea Breuss
cervinula (Nyl.) Vainio = misidentifications for
PLACIDIUM A. Massal. (Breuss 1996)
acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) Breuss (Breuss & Bratt 2000) Syns.:
Catapyrenium acarosporoides, Dermatocarpon acarosporoides, D.
novomexicanum,Endopyrenium bajadanae, E. novomexicanum, Heteroplacidium
acarosporoides
andicola (Breuss) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium andicolum
arboreum (Schwein. ex Michener)
Lendemer Syns.: Catapyrenium tuckermanii, Dermatocarpon
tuckermanii, Dermatocarpon arboreum (Lendemer & Yahr 2004)
californicum Breuss (Breuss & Bratt 2000)
chilense (Räsänen) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium chilense
fingens (Breuss) Breuss (Breuss 2002d)
lachneum (Ach.) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium lachneum
lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium lacinulatum
lacinulatum var. erythrostratum Breuss
(Breuss 2000)
lacinulatum var. atrans
Breuss (Lendemer 2004c)
michelii (A. Massal.) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium michelii, Dermatocarpon
michelii
norvegicum (Breuss) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium norvegicum
pilosellum (Breuss) Breuss (Nash et al. 1998)
rufescens (Ach.) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium rufescens,
Dermatocarpon rufescens
squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium squamulosum,
Dermatocarpon hepaticum auct. non (Ach.) Th. Fr.
tuckermanii
(Ravenel ex
PLACOMARONEA Räsänen
mendozae (Räsänen) M. Westberg
(Westberg 2004a)
PLACOPSIS (Nyl.) Lindsay
cribellans (Nyl.) Räsänen
gelida (L.) Lindsay Syn.: Lecanora gelida
roseonigra Brodo
effusa Lamb = misidentifications for
PLACOPYRENIUM Breuss
caeruleopulvinum (J.W. Thomson) Breuss (Breuss 2002e) Syn.:
Catapyrenium caeruleopulvinum
heppioides (Zahlbr.) Breuss Syn.: Catapyrenium heppioides,
Dermatocarpon heppioides (Breuss 2002e)
noxium Breuss (Breuss 1998)
zahlbruckneri (Hasse) Breuss Syns.: Catapyrenium
zahlbruckneri, Dermatocarpon zahlbruckneri (Breuss 2002e)
PLACYNTHIELLA Elenkin
dasaea (Stirton) Tønsberg (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Coppins & P. James Syn.: Saccomorpha
hyporhoda
icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James Syn.: Saccomorpha
icmalea
knudsenii Lendemer (Lendemer
2004d)
oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James Syns.:
Saccomorpha oligotropha, Lecidea oligotropha
uliginosa (Schrader) Coppins & P. James Syns.: Saccomorpha
uliginosa, Lecidea uliginosa, L. humosa
PLACYNTHIUM (Ach.) Gray
asperellum (Ach.) Trevisan
flabellosum (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
nigrum (Hudson) Gray
petersii (Nyl.) Burnham
stenophyllum (Tuck.) Fink
stenophyllum var. isidiatum Henssen
subradiatum (Nyl.) Arnold
tantaleum (Hepp) Hue
aspratile (Ach.) Henssen = P. asperellum
dubium Herre = Massalongia microphylliza
microphyllizum (Nyl. ex Hasse) Hasse = Massalongia microphylliza
pannariellum (Nyl.) H. Magn. Reported from Greenland and Iceland but not the U.
S. or Canada as yet
rosulans (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. Reported from Greenland but not the U. S. or Canada
as yet
subnigrum B. de Lesd = Peccania subnigra
PLAGIOCARPA R. C. Harris = LITHOTHELIUM
hyalospora (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Lithothelium hyalosporum
illota (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Lithothelium illotum
langloisii R. C. Harris = Lithothelium illotum
macrospora R. C. Harris = Lithothelium macrosporum
phaeospora R. C. Harris = Lithothelium phaeosporum
septemseptata R. C. Harris = Lithothelium septemseptatum
langloisii R. C. Harris = Lithothelium illotum
PLATISMATIA Culb. & C. Culb.
glauca (L.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria glauca
herrei (Imshaug) Culb. & C. Culb. Syns.: Cetraria herrei,
C. tuckermanii Herre non Oakes
lacunosa (Ach.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria lacunosa
norvegica (Lynge) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
norvegica
stenophylla (Tuck.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
stenophylla
tuckermanii (Oakes) Culb. & C. Culb. Syns.: Cetraria
atlantica, C. lacunosa var. atlantica, C. tuckermanii Oakes non Herre
PLATYGRAMME Fée
caesiopruinosa (Fée) Fée Syn.: Phaeographina caesiopruinosa
(Staiger 2002)
PLATYGRAPHA Nyl. = SCHISMATOMMA
californica (Tuck.) Nyl. = Sigridea californica
hypothallina Zahlbr. = Lecanographa hypothallina
ocellata Nyl. = Mazosia ocellata
ravenelii Tuck. = Opegrapha ravenelii
subattingens Nyl. = Lecanactis epileuca
PLATYGRAPHOPSIS Müll.
interrupta (Fée) Müll. Arg.
PLATYTHECIUM Staiger
grammitis (Fée) Staiger (Staiger 2002)
PLECTOCARPON Fée
*lichenum (Sommerf.) D. Hawksw.
*nephromeum (
*peltigerae Zhurb., Ertz, Diederich &
Miadl. (Ertz et al. 2003)
PLEOPSIDIUM Körber
chlorophanum (Wahlenb.) Zopf Syns.: Acarospora chlorophana, A.
erythrophora, A. incertula, A. novomexicana, A. texana, A. weldensis
flavum (Bellardi) Körber Syns.: Acarospora flava, A. oxytona
oxytonum (Ach.) Rabenh. = P. flavum
PLEUROTHELIOPSIS Zahlbr. = PYRENULA
australiensis (Müll.
nana Zahlbr. = Anthracothecium nanum
PLEUROTREMA Müll.
anacardii (Vainio) R. C. Harris nom. inval. = Anisomeridium terminatum
inspersum Müll.
solivagum Degel. = Lithothelium hyalospora
POELTINULA Hafellner
cerebrina (DC.) Hafellner
POLYBLASTIA A. Massal.
bryophila Lönnr.
cruenta (Körber) P. James & Swinscow
cucurbitula J. W. Thomson & B. M. Murray
cupularis A. Massal.
epigaea A. Massal.
gothica Th. Fr.
hyperborea Th. Fr.
hyperborea var. macrospora Lynge
melaspora (
obsoleta
sendtneri Kremp.
septentrionalis Lynge
terrestris Th. Fr.
theleodes (Sommerf.) Th. Fr.
integrascens (Nyl.) Vainio = P. hyperborea
intercedens (Nyl.) Lönnr. = P. cupularis
gelatinosa (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Agonimia gelatinosa
sommerfeltii Lynge = P. terrestris
tristicula (Nyl.)
POLYBLASTIOPSIS Zahlbr. = JULELLA
dealbens Fink = Polymeridium proponens
dispora (Müll.
fallaciosa (Stizenb. ex
fallax (Nyl.) Fink = Arthopyrenia analepta
floridana Fink = Porina nuculastrum
inductula (Nyl.) Fink = Thelenella inductula
intrusa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = a Laurera sp., not in
lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. = Julella lactea
quercicola Brodo = Julella fallaciosa
rappii Zahlbr. = Julella geminella
sublactea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Julella vitrispora
POLYCAULIONA Hue = CALOPLACA
coralloides (Tuck.)
POLYCHIDIUM (Ach.) Gray
contortum Henssen
dendriscum (Nyl.) Henssen Syn.: Leptogidium dendriscum
muscicola (Sw.) Gray
albociliatum (Desmaz.) Zahlbr. = Leptochidium albociliatum
intricatulum (Nyl.) Henssen = Dendriscocaulon intricatulum
rivale (Tuck.) Fink = Leptogium rivale
umhausense (Auersw.) Henssen = Dendriscocaulon umhausense
POLYCOCCUM Sauter ex Körber
*clauzadei Nav.-Ros. & Cl.
Roux (Diederich 2003)
*kerneri J.
Steiner (Calatayud 2004)
*microstictum (Leighton ex Mudd)
*minutulum Kocourková & F.
Berger (Diederich 2003)
*opulentum (Th. Fr.
& Almq.)
*peltigerae
(Fuckel) Vězda (Alstrup 2004)
*pulvinatum (Eitner) R. Sant.
*sporastatiae (Anzi)
*trypethelioides (Th. Fr.) R.
Sant. (Diederich 2003)
*squamarioides (Mudd)
*vermicularium (Lindsay) D. Hawksw. (Esslinger & Egan
1995)
*epicrassum (H. Olivier) R. Sant. Syn.: Didymosphaeria epicrassa , but Canadian
records are most likely based on Polycoccum squamarioides
*galligenum Vezda = P. pulvinatum
*gelidarium (Mudd) D. Hawksw. = Roselliniopsis gelidaria
POLYMERIDIUM (Müll.
albidum (Müll.
albocinereum (Kremp.) R. C. Harris
catapastum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
contendens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
proponens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Campylothelium
amylosporum, Polyblastiopsis dealbens
quinqueseptatum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia
quinqueseptata
subcinereum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Porina subcinerea
pleiomerellum (Müll.
POLYPYRENULA D. Hawksw.
sexlocularis (Müll.
POLYSPORINA Vezda
*lapponica (Ach. ex Schaerer) Degel. Syn.: Acarospora
lapponica, A. subfuscescens, Sarcogyne bicolor
simplex (Davies) Vezda Syns.: Biatorella simplex, Sarcogyne
simplex
urceolata (Anzi) Brodo
POLYTHELIS Clem. = POLYPYRENULA
sexlocularis (Müll. Arg.) Clem. = Polypyrenula sexlocularis (q.v.)
PORINA Müll.
amygdalina Müll.
cestrensis (Tuck. ex Michener) Müll. Arg. (fide R. Harris)
heterospora (Fink) R. C. Harris
lectissima (Fr.) Zahlbr.
nucula Ach.
nuculastrum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Clathroporina
nuculastrum, C. confinis, Polyblastiopsis floridana (Harris 1995a)
pacifica Brodo
(Brodo 2004)
peregrina Tretiach & McCarthy (Aptroot 2002e)
radicicola P. M. McCarthy & Tønsberg (McCarthy &
Tønsberg 1998)
rhaphidosperma Müll. Arg.
salicina Müll. Arg.
scabrida R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr. = Trichothelium aeneum
carpinea (Pers. ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = Trichothelium aeneum
chlorotica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = Trichothelium chloroticum
cinerea "(Pers.) Zahlbr." = nom. illeg. = Strigula stigmatella
guentheri (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Trichothelium guentheri
hibernica P. James & Swinscow = misidentifications for North America
(Harris 1995a)
leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) A. L. Sm. = Segestria leptalea
linearis (Leighton) Zahlbr. = Trichothelium linearis
mammillosa (Th. Fr.) Vainio = Segestria mammillosa
mastoidea (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North America (Harris
1995a)
nitidula Müll. Arg. = Trichothelium nitidulum
olivacea (Pers.) A. L. Sm. = misidentifications for North America
plumbaria (Stizenb.) Hasse = Arthopyrenia plumbaria
pulla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. = an Arthopyrenia sp., not in North America
subcinerea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Polymeridium subcinereum
thaxteri R. Sant. = Trichothelium thaxteri
viridiseda (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Strigula viridiseda
POROCYPHUS Körber
coccodes (Flotow) Körber Syn.: P. furfurellus
kenmorensis (Holl ex Nyl.) Henssen
dispersus E. Dahl = Thelignya lignyota
furfurellus (Nyl.) Forss. = P. coccodes
PORPIDIA Körber
albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph Syns.: Huilia
albocaerulescens, Lecidea albocaerulescens, L.
hebescens
calcarea Gowan
carlottiana Gowan
cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph Syns.: Huilia
cinereoatra, Lecidea cinereoatra
contraponenda (Arnold) Knoph & Hertel
crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph Syns.: Huilia crustulata,
Lecidea crustulata
diversa (Lowe) Gowan Syn.: Lecidea diversa
flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab Syns.:
Huilia flavocaerulescens, Lecidea flavocaerulescens
flavocruenta Fryday & Buschbom (Fryday 2005)
glaucophaea (Körber) Hertel & Knoph Syns.: Huilia
glaucophaea, Lecidea glaucophaea
grisea Gowan
herteliana Gowan
lowiana Gowan
macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab Syns.: Huilia macrocarpa,
H. nigrocruenta, Lecidea steriza, L. macrocarpa, L.platycarpa, L.phylliscina,
L. contigua
melinodes (Körber) Gowan & Ahti Syns.: Aspicilia
melinodes, Huilia melinodes
ochrolemma (Vainio) Brodo & R. Sant. Syn.: Hymenelia
ochrolemma
platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel Syn.: Huilia platycarpoides
soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) J. R. Laundon Syns.: Lecidea
soredizodes, Huilia soredizodes Doubtful for N.America
speirea (Ach.) Kremp. Syn.: Lecidea speirea
[Lecidea subsimplex H. Magn.]
superba (Körber) Hertel & Knoph Syn.: Huilia superba
tahawasiana Gowan
thomsonii Gowan
tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph Syns.: Huilia
tuberculosa, Lecidea sorediza, L. tumida
zeoroides (Anzi) Knoph & Hertel Syn.: Lecidea macrocarpa
var. trullisata
flavicunda (Ach.) Gowan = P. flavocaerulescens
nigrocruenta (Anzi) Diederich & Sérus. = P. macrocarpa
pseudomelinodes A. J. Schwab = Porpidia ochrolemma
PRONECTRIA Clem.
*anisospora (Lowen) Lowen Syn.: Nectriella anisospora
*erythrinella (Nyl.) Lowen Syn.: Nectriella erythrinella
*oligospora Lowen & Rogerson
*robergei (Mont. & Desm.) Lowen (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
PROTOBLASTENIA (Zahlbr.) J. Steiner
calva (Dickson) Zahlbr.
incrustans (DC.) J. Steiner
rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner
terricola (Anzi) Lynge
cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Räsänen = Pyrrhospora cinnabarina
monticola (Ach.) J. Steiner = Clauzadea monticola
quernea (Dickson) Clauzade = Pyrrhospora quernea
rupestris var. calva (Dickson) J. Steiner = P. calva
PROTOMICAREA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
limosa (Ach.) Hafellner
PROTOPANNARIA (Gyeln.) P. M. Jørg. & S. Ekman
pezizoides (Weber) P. M. Jørg. &
PROTOPARMELIA M. Choisy
atriseda (Fr.) R. Sant. & V. Wirth Syn.: Lecanora atriseda
badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecanora badia, L. grandis
cupreobadia (Nyl.) Poelt
nephaea (Sommerf.) R. Sant. ex Poelt & Obermayer
ochrococca (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg., Rambold & Hertel Syns.:
Lecidea ochrococca, Lecanora ochrococca, L. phaeobola
PROTOPARMELIOPSIS M. Choisy = LECANORA
muralis (Schreber) M. Choisy = Lecanora muralis (Schreber) Rabenh.
PROTOTHELENELLA Räsänen
corrosa (Körber) H. Mayrh. & Poelt Syn.: Microglaena
corrosa
leucothelia (Nyl.) Mayrhofer & Poelt (Goward et al. 1996)
pluriseptata Fryday (Fryday 2004)
santessonii H. Mayrh.
sphinctrinoidella (Nyl.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt (Mayrhofer
1987)
sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt Syn.: Microglaena
sphinctrinoides
PSEUDEPHEBE M. Choisy
minuscula (Nyl. ex
pubescens (L.) M. Choisy Syns.: Alectoria pubescens, Parmelia
lanata
PSEUDEVERNIA Zopf
cladonia (Tuck.) Hale & Culb. Syn.: Parmelia cladonia
consocians (Vainio) Hale & Culb.
intensa (Nyl.) Hale & Culb.
furfuracea (L.) Zopf = misidentifications for
PSEUDOCYPHELLARIA Vainio
anomala Brodo & Ahti
anthraspis (Ach.) H. Magn. Syn.: Sticta anthraspis
aurata (Ach.) Vainio Syn.: Sticta aurata
crocata (L.) Vainio Syn.: Sticta crocata
mallota (Tuck.) H. Magn. (Tønsberg 1999b)
perpetua McCune & Miadlikowska (Miadlikowska et al. 2002)
rainierensis Imshaug
mougeotiana (Delise) Vainio = P. crocata
PSEUDOPARMELIA Lynge (Elix & Nash 1997)
cubensis (Nyl.) Elix & Nash (Elix & Nash 1997) Syn.:
Parmelia leucochlora Tuck. non (
floridense Elix & Nash (Elix & Nash 1997)
uleana (Müll.
alabamensis (Hale & McCull.) Hale = Canoparmelia alabamensis
amazonica (Nyl.) Hale = Canoparmelia amazonica
baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Fóriss) Hale = Flavoparmelia baltimorensis
caperata (L.) Hale = Flavoparmelia caperata
caroliniana (Nyl.) Hale = Canoparmelia caroliniana
crozalsiana (B. de Lesd.) Hale = Canoparmelia crozalsiana
cryptochlorophaea (Hale) Hale = Canoparmelia cryptochlorophaea
martinicana (Nyl.) Hale = Canoparmelia martinicana
rutidota (Hook. f. &
salacinifera (Hale) Hale = Canoparmelia salacinifera
sphaerospora (Nyl.) Hale (North American records) = Pseudoparmelia uleana
texana (Tuck.) Hale = Canoparmelia texana
PSEUDOPYRENULA Müll.
diluta (Fée) Müll
pupula (Ach.) Müll.
subgregaria Müll.
subnudata Müll.
PSEUDOSAGEDIA (Müll.
aenea (Wallr.) Hafellner & Kalb = Trichothelium aeneum
chlorotica (Ach.) Hafellner & Kalb = Trichothelium chloroticum
guentheri (Flotow) Hafellner & Kalb = Trichothelium guentheri
linearis (Leighton) Hafellner & Kalb = Trichothelium linearis
nitidula (Müll.
thaxteri (R. Sant.) Hafellner & Kalb = Trichothelium thaxteri
PSILOLECHIA A. Massal.
clavulifera (Nyl.) Coppins Syn.: Lecidea adirondackii
lucida (Ach.) M. Choisy Syn.: Lecidea lucida
PSORA Hoffm.
brunneocarpa Timdal (Timdal 2002a)
californica Timdal
cerebriformis W. A. Weber
crenata (
decipiens (Hedwig) Hoffm. Syn.: Lecidea decipiens
globifera (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Lecidea globifera
himalayana (Church. Bab.) Timdal
hyporubescens Timdal (Timdal 2002a)
icterica (
luridella (Tuck.) Fink Syn.: Lecidea luridella
nipponica (Zahlbr.) Gotth. Schneider Syn.: Lecidea
novomexicana
peninsularis Timdal (Timdal 2002a)
pruinosa Timdal (Timdal 2002a)
pseudorussellii Timdal
rubiformis (Ach.) Hook. Syn.: Lecidea rubiformis
russellii (Tuck.) A. Schneider Syn.: Lecidea russellii,
Biatora russellii
tenuifolia Timdal
tuckermanii R. Anderson ex Timdal
vallesiaca (Schaerer) Timdal
anthracophila (Nyl.)
demissa (Rutstr.) Hepp = Lecidoma demissum
friesii (Ach.) Hellbom = Hypocenomyce friesii
lurida (Ach.) DC. = Mycobilimbia lurida
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = P. nipponica
ostreata Hoffm. = Hypocenomyce scalaris
petri (Tuck.) Fink = Lecidea lurida
pulcherrima (Vainio) Elenkin = Anamylopsora pulcherrima
rufonigra (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Psorula rufonigra
scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) Hook. = Hypocenomyce scalaris
scholanderi (Lynge) R. Anderson = Toninia tristis
testacea (Hoffm.) Ach. Syns.: Lecidea testacea, Chrysopsora testacea, but not
present in North American flora.
texana W. A. Weber = Xanthopsorella texana
PSORINIA Gotth. Schneider
conglomerata (Ach.) Gotth. Schneider Syn.: Toninia
conglomerata
PSOROGLAENA Müll.
cubensis Müll.
cubensis var. teretiloba O. Eriksson
PSOROMA Michaux
cinnamomeum Malme (Jørgensen 2000c)
hypnorum (Vahl) Gray Syn.: Pannaria hypnorum
tenue Henssen var. boreale Henssen
PSOROTICHIA A. Massal.
hassei Fink
minuta H. Magn.
nigra H. Magn.
schaereri (A. Massal.)
segregata (Nyl.) Hasse
squamulosa Zahlbr.
PSORULA Gotth. Schneider
rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneider Syns.: Lecidea rufonigra,
L. brouardii, Psora rufonigra
scotopholis (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneider = Miriquidica
scotopholis
PTERYGIOPSIS Vainio
atra Vainio
PTYCHOGRAPHA Nyl. (McCune 1997b)
xylographoides Nyl. (McCune 1997b)
PUNCTELIA Krog
appalachensis (Culb.) Krog Syn.: Parmelia appalachensis
bolliana (Müll.
borreri (Sm.) Krog Syns.: Parmelia borreri, P. pseudoborreri
graminicola (B. de Lesd.) Egan Syn.: Parmelia graminicola (Egan
2003)
hypoleucites (Nyl.) Krog Syn.: Parmelia hypoleucites
missouriensis G. Wilh. & Ladd (Adler 1997, van Herk &
Aptroot 2000, Aptroot 2003)
perreticulata (Räsänen) G. Wilh. & Ladd Syn.: Parmelia
perreticulata
punctilla (Hale) Krog
reddenda (Stirton) Krog Syn.: Parmelia reddenda
rudecta (Ach.) Krog Syn.: Parmelia rudecta
stictica (Duby) Krog Syn.: Parmelia stictica
subpraesignis (Nyl.) Krog Syn.: Parmelia subpraesignis
subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog Syns.: Parmelia subrudecta, P.
dubia Uncertain for
darrowi (J. W. Thomson) Krog = Flavopunctelia darrowi
flaventior (Stirton) Krog = Flavopunctelia flaventior
praesignis (Nyl.) Krog = Flavopunctelia praesignis
semansiana (Culb. & C. Culb.) Krog =
Punctelia graminicola
soredica (Nyl.) Krog = Flavopunctelia soredica
PYCNORA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
praestabilis (Nyl.) Hafellner Syn.: Hypocenomyce praestabilis
sorophora (Vainio) Hafellner Syn.: Hypocenomyce sorophora
xanthococca (Sommerf.) Hafellner Syns.: Hypocenomyce xanthococca,
Lecidea xanthococca
PYCNOTHELIA Dufour
papillaria Dufour Syn.: Cladonia papillaria
PYRENASTRUM Eschw. = PYRENULA
cubanum Müll.
fuscum
pyrenastraeum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula septicollaris
PYRENIDIUM Nyl.
*actinellum Nyl.
*hyalosporum Alstrup, D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
*octosporum Looman = Thelenella muscorum var.
octospora
PYRENOCOLLEMA Reinke
atlanticum (Vainio) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
caesium (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
prospersellum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia
prospersella
tichothecioides (
elegans R. Sant. = Collemopsidium elegans
halodytes (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Collemopsidium halodytes
strontianense (Swinscow) R. C. Harris =
Collemopsidium angermannicum
sublitorale (Leighton) R. C. Harris ex Fletcher = Collemopsidium
sublitoralis
PYRENODESMIA A. Massal. = CALOPLACA
albovariegata B. de Lesd. = Caloplaca albovariegata
elaeodes E. D. Rudolph = Caloplaca pellodella
PYRENOPSIDIUM (Nyl.) Forss. = CRYPTOTHELE
granuliforme (Nyl.) Forss. = Cryptothele granuliformis
homoeopsis (Nyl.) Forss. = Pyrenopsis furfurea
iivarensis (Vainio) Forss. (Thomson 1997) = Pyrenopsis furfurea (Henssen &
Jørgensen 1990; Santesson 1993)
PYRENOPSIS (Nyl.) Nyl.
compacta Willey
furfurea (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Syns.: Pyrenopsidium homoeopsis, P.
iivarensis
fuscoatra Fink
grumulifera Nyl.
haemalella (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss.
lecidella Fink
phaeococca Tuck.
polycocca (Nyl.) Tuck.
sanguinea Anzi
subfuliginea Nyl.
tasmanica Nyl.
viridirufa Tuck.
granatina (Sommerf.) Nyl. = Euopsis granatina
homoeopsis Nyl. = P. furfurea
melambola (Tuck.) Tuck. = Metamelanea melambola
"multispora E. Dahl" Report probably refers to P. myriospora E. Dahl
= P. grumulifera
myriospora E. Dahl = P. grumulifera
phylliscina (Tuck.) Tuck. = Cryptothele permiscens
pulvinata (Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Euopsis pulvinata
schaereri A. Massal. = Psorotichia schaereri
PYRENOTHAMNIA Tuck. = ENDOCARPON
brandegei (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Endocarpon pulvinatum
spraguei Tuck. = Endocarpon pulvinatum
PYRENOTHRIX Riddle
nigra Riddle Syn.: Lichenothrix riddlei
PYRENOTRICHUM Mont.
splitgerberi Mont. = campylidia of lichens
PYRENULA A. Massal.
acutalis R. C. Harris
acutispora Kalb & Hafellner (Aptroot 1996)
anomala (Ach.) Vainio Syns.: Melanotheca anomala, M. achariana
aquila R. C. Harris
aspistea (Ach.) Ach.
astroidea (Fée) R. C. Harris Syn.: Parmentaria astroidea
atrolaminata R. C. Harris (Aptroot 1996)
carabaica Aptroot & Etayo Syn.: Parathelium martinicanum
(Etayo & Aptroot 2003)
caryae R. C. Harris (Aptroot 1996)
cerina Eschw.
citriformis R. C. Harris
cocoes Müll. Arg.
concatervans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Melanotheca
concatervans, (?) M. cinerata
confoederata R. C. Harris
corticata (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Anthracothecium
corticatum
cruenta (Mont.) Vainio Syns.: Melanotheca cruenta, M.
subincruenta
cruentata (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Bottaria cruentata
cubana (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Pyrenastrum cubanum
cuyabensis (Malme) R. C. Harris Syn.: Parathelium cuyabense
erumpens R. C. Harris Syn.: Parathelium emergens
falsaria (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Anthracothecium
falsarium
laetior Müll. Arg. (Harris 1995a)
laevigata (Pers.) Arnold
leucostoma Ach. Syns.: Anthracothecium leucostomum,
Parmentaria rappii
lucifera R. C. Harris
macounii R. C. Harris
macularis (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Anthracothecium
maculare
maculata (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris
mamillana (Ach.) Trevisan (fide R. Harris)
micheneri R. C. Harris
microcarpa Müll. Arg.
microtheca R. C. Harris Syn.: Parathelium microcarpum
mucosa (Vainio) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
nitidula (Bresadola) R. C. Harris ined. (Harris 1995a)
occidentalis (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris
ochraceoflava (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Anthracothecium
ochraceoflavum
ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Anthracothecium
ochraceoflavens
oleosa R. C. Harris
personata (Malme) R. C. Harris
plittii R. C. Harris
pseudobufonia (Rehm) R. C. Harris
punctella (Nyl.) Trevisan
pyrenuloides (Mont.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Anthracothecium
pyrenuloides
quassiaecola Fée
ravenelii (Tuck.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Parmentaria ravenelii
rubrostoma R. C. Harris
santensis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
septicollaris (Eschw.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Pyrenastrum fuscum,
P. pyrenastraeum
subelliptica (Tuck.) R. C. Harris
subferruginea (Malme) R. C. Harris Syn.: Parathelium
subferrugineum
tenuisepta R. C. Harris
thelomorpha Tuck. Syn.: Anthracothecium thelomorphum
wetmorei R. C. Harris
wheeleri R. C. Harris
bahiana Malme = P. concatervans
brunnea Fée = misidentifications for North America
cinerea Zahlbr. = P. microcarpa
farrea auct. = Eopyrenula leucoplaca, but misidentifications for North America
fulvella R. C. Harris = P. personata
glabrata (Ach.) A. Massal. = P. laevigata
herrei Fink = Arthopyrenia plumbaria
imperfecta (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = P. subelliptica
leucoplaca (Wallr.) Körber = Eopyrenula leucoplaca, but misidentifications for
North America
leucoplaca var. pluriloculata Fink = Eopyrenula intermedia
mamillana (Ach.) Trevisan = misidentifications for North America
marginata Hook. = P. mamillana
martinicana (Vainio) R. C. Harris = P. caraibica
megalospora Fink = Acrocordia megalospora
neglecta R. C. Harris = P. pseudobufonia
nitida (Weigel) Ach. = misidentifications for North America
nitidella (Flörke ex Schaerer) Müll. Arg. var. maculata R. C. Harris = P.
maculata
pinguis (Sprengel) Fée = misidentifications for North America
subaggregata Müll. Arg. Not in North America
tropica (Ach.) Trev. = Trypethelium tropicum
texana Tuck. ex R. C. Harris = P. microcarpa
xyloides (Eschw.) Müll. Arg. = P. mamillana
PYRENULELLA Fink = PHAEOSPORA
*endococcoidea (Nyl.) Fink = Phaeospora rimosicola
PYRGILLUS Nyl.
javanicus (Mont. & Bosch) Nyl.
americanus Nyl. = P. javanicus
PYRRHOSPORA Körber
cinnabarina (Sommerf.) M. Choisy Syn.: Lecidea cinnabarina,
Protoblastenia cinnabarina
elabens (Fr.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea elabens, L. melancheima
gowardiana Spribille & Hauck (Spribille & Hauck 2003)
quernea (Dickson) Körber Syns.: Protoblastenia quernea,
Lecidea quernea
russula (Ach.) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea russula
subcinnabarina (Tønsberg) Hafellner Syn.: Lecidea
subcinnabarina
varians (Ach.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Lecidea varians
PYXINE Fr.
albovirens (G. Meyer) Aptroot
berteriana (Fée) Imshaug
caesiopruinosa (Nyl.) Imshaug Possibly a synonym of P.
albovirens?
cocoes (Sw.) Nyl.
coralligera Malme
eschweileri (Tuck.) Vainio
meissneriana Nyl. (Nash et al. 1998)
petricola Nyl.
retirugella Nyl.
sorediata (Ach.) Mont.
subcinerea Stirton
(Amtoft 2002)
chrysanthoides Vainio = P. subcinerea
daedalea Krog & R. Sant. = misidentification for North America
frostii Tuck. = Dirinaria frostii
meissneri Tuck. = P. berteriana
picta (Sw.) Tuck. = Dirinaria picta
pringlei Imshaug = P. petricola
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
RACIBORSKIOMYCES Siemaszko (Diederich 2003)
*peltigericola (D. Hawksw.) M. E. Barr Syn.: Wentiomyces
peltigericola (Diederich 2003)
RACODIUM Pers. : Fr.
rupestre Pers.
RAMALINA Ach.
ahtii Kashiw. & T. Nash
almquistii Vainio Syn.: Fistulariella almquistii
americana Hale Earlier North American reports of R. fastigiata
belong here.
baltica Lettau
bistorta Nyl.
calicaris (L.) Fr.
canariensis J. Steiner
celastri (Sprengel) Krog & Swinscow
complanata (Sw.) Ach.
culbersoniorum LaGreca (LaGreca 1999)
dasypoga Tuck.
dendriscoides Nyl.
denticulata Nyl.
dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. Syn.: Fistulariella minuscula
farinacea (L.) Ach.
fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. Earlier reports of this species from
North America refer to R. americana
fraxinea (L.) Ach.
geniculata Hook. f. & Taylor Syn.: Fistulariella geniculata
inflata (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hook. f. & Taylor subsp. inflata
Syn.: Fistulariella inflata
intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl.
lacera (With.) J. R. Laundon
leptocarpha Tuck.
linearis (Sw.) Ach.
menziesii Taylor
montagnei De Not.
obtusata (Arnold) Bitter
paludosa B. Moore
peruviana Ach. Syn.: Desmazieria peruviana
petrina Bowler & Rundel
pollinaria (Westr.) Ach.
polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach.
puberulenta Riefner & Bowler
rigida Pers. ex Ach.
roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaerer) Hue Syn.: Fistulariella
roesleri
scoparia Vainio Syn.: Fistulariella scoparia
sinensis Jatta
sonorensis
Kashiw. & T. H. Nash (Kashiwadani & Nash 2004)
sorediantha Nyl.
stenospora Müll. Arg.
subleptocarpha Rundel & Bowler
subpellucida Müll. Arg.
tenuis (Tuck.) G. Merr.
thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. Syn.: Alectoria thrausta
unifolia J. W. Thomson
usnea (L.) R. Howe
willeyi R. Howe
cephalota Tuck. = Vermilacinia cephalota
ceruchis (Ach.) De Not. = Vermilacinia ceruchis, but absent from North America
(Spjut 1996)
cochlearis Zahlbr. = misidentification for North America
combeoides Nyl. = Vermilacinia combeoides
crinita Tuck. = Trichoramalina crinita
duriaei (De Not.) Bagl. = R. lacera
ecklonii auct. = R. celastri
ecklonii (Sprengel) G. Meyer & Flotow Not known from North America.
evernioides Nyl. = R. lacera
flaccescens Nyl. = Niebla flaccescens
homalea Ach. = Niebla homalea
hypoprotocetrarica Culb. = R. farinacea
menziesii Tuck. non Taylor = R. leptocarpha
minuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. = R. dilacerata
pollinariella Nyl. = R. roesleri
reagens (B. de Lesd.) Culb. = R. farinacea
reticulata (Nöhden) Kremp. = R. menziesii
subampliata (Nyl.) Fink = misidentifications for North America
testudinaria Nyl. = Niebla homalea
yemensis (Ach.) Nyl. = R. celastri
RAMONIA Stizenb.
ablephora (Nyl. ex Hasse) R. C. Harris Syns.: Lecidea
ablephora, Bacidia gyalectiformis, Bilimbia gyalectiformis
absconsa (Tuck.) Vezda
malmei Vezda
microspora Vezda
rappii Vezda
valenzueliana (Mont.) Stizenb. Syn.: Maronea porinoidea
gyalectiformis (Zahlbr.) Vezda = R. ablephora
RECHINGERIA Servít = LICHINELLA
cribellifera (Nyl.) Servít = Lichinella cribellifera
REFRACTOHILUM D. Hawksw.
*galligenum D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*peltigerae (Keissler) D. Hawksw.
REIMNITZIA Kalb
santensis (Tuck.) Kalb Syns.: Leptotrema santense, Thelotrema
santense (Kalb 2001)
REINKELLA Darbish. (Tehler et al. 1997)
californica Räsänen = Hubbsia californica
parishii Hasse = Hubbsia parishii
subcrustacea Räsänen = Hubbsia parishii
RELICINA (Hale & Kurok.) Hale
abstrusa (Vainio) Hale Syn.: Parmelia abstrusa
eximbricata (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia eximbricata
REQUIENELLA Fabre
#seminuda (Pers. : Fr.) Boise Syns.: Sphaeria
seminuda, Lophiostoma subcollapsum
subcollapsa (Ellis & Everhart) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
RHABDOSPORA (Durieu & Mont.)
lecanorae B. de Lesd. = pycnidia of Lecanora thalli (Hawksworth 1981, Kalb et
al. 1995)
RHAGADOSTOMA Körber
*lichenicola (De Not.) Keissl. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
RHIZOCARPON Ramond ex DC.
alaxense J. W. Thomson
alpicola (Anzi) Rabenh.
amphibium (Fr.) Th. Fr. (Hinds et al. 2002)
anaperum (Vainio) Vainio
anseris Lynge
arctogenum Gelting (Nash et al. 1998)
athalloides (Nyl.) Hasse
atroflavescens Lynge
badioatrum (Flörke ex Sprengel) Th. Fr. Syn.: Buellia
badioatra
bolanderi (Tuck.) Herre
caesium Fryday (Fryday 2002)
chioneum (
cinereonigrum Vainio
cinereovirens (Müll.
concentricum (Davies) Beltr.
cookeanum H. Magn.
copelandii (Körber) Th. Fr.
dimelaenae
Timdal (Feuerer & Timdal 2004)
disporum (Nägeli ex Hepp) Müll.
distinctum Th. Fr.
effiguratum (Anzi) Th. Fr.
eupetraeoides (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss.
eupetraeum (Nyl.)
expallescens Th. Fr.
ferax H. Magn.
frigidum Räsänen
geminatum Körber
geographicum (L.) DC.
grande (Flörke ex Flotow)
hensseniae Brodo
hochstetteri (Körber) Vainio Syn.: Buellia colludens
inarense (Vainio) Vainio
infernulum (Nyl.) Lynge (Fryday 2002)
intermediellum Räsänen
intersitum
jemtlandicum (Malme) Malme
lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl.
lecanorinum Anders
lindsayanum Räsänen Possibly a subspecies of R. geographicum
macrosporum Räsänen
microsporum Lynge
norvegicum Räsänen
obscuratum (Ach.) A. Massal.
oederi (Weber) Körber
parvum Runem. May not be distinct from R. norvegicum
petraeum (Wulfen) A. Massal.
polycarpoides Degel.
polycarpum (Hepp) Th. Fr.
postumum (Nyl.)
praebadium (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
*pusillum Runem.
*renneri Poelt
riparium Räsänen Possibly a subspecies of R. geographicum
rittokense (Hellbom) Th. Fr.
rubescens Th. Fr. (fide Fryday)
saanaënse Räsänen Syn.: R. sublucidum
*santessonii Timdal
saurinum (W. A. Weber) Bungartz
Syn.: Buellia saurina (Bungartz
& Fryday 2004)
simillimum (Anzi) Lettau
subgeminatum Eitner
submodestum (Vainio) Vainio
superficiale (Schaerer) Vainio
superficiale subsp. boreale Runem.
tetramerum (Vainio) Vainio
timdalii Ihlen & Fryday (Ihlen & Fryday 2002)
umbilicatum (Ramond) Flagey
vernicomoideum Fink
viridiatrum (Wulfen) Körber
albineum (Tuck.) Fink = R. obscuratum
alboatrum (Hoffm.) Anzi = Diplotomma alboatrum
ambiguum (Schaerer) Zahlbr. = R. distinctum
atroalbescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = R. eupetraeoides
chionophilum Th. Fr. = R. alpicola
chlorophaeum Hepp ex Leighton = Diplotomma chlorophaeum
concentricum auct. = R. petraeum
concretum (Ach.) Elenkin = R. geminatum
crystalligenum Lynge = R. superficiale subsp. boreale
cumulatum J. W. Thomson = Diplotomma epipolium (as Buellia, Feuerer 1991)
disporum auct. = R. geminatum
intermedium Degel. = R. eupetraeum
interponens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = R. obscuratum
montagnei Körber = R. disporum
occidentale Lynge = R. superficiale
oidaleum (Nyl.) Fink = Buellia oidalea
oreites (Vainio) Zahlbr. = R. alpicola
penichrum (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Diplotomma penichrum
permodestum
plicatile auct. North American = R. rubescens Th. Fr.?
plicatile (Leighton) A. L. Sm. = Stereocaulon plicatile (Leighton) Fryday &
Coppins (Fryday & Coppins 1996) Not known from
polare Räsänen = R. superficiale
reductum Th. Fr. = R. obscuratum
sphaerosporum Räsänen = R. macrosporum Räsänen
sublucidum Räsänen = R. saanaënse Räsänen.
subtile Runem. = R. viridiatrum
RHIZOPLACA Zopf
chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf Syns.: Lecanora chrysoleuca, L. rubina
glaucophana (Nyl. ex Hasse) W. A. Weber Syn.: Lecanora
glaucophana, Harpidium glaucophanum
haydenii (Tuck.) W. A. Weber Syn.: Lecanora haydenii
marginalis (Hasse) W. A. Weber Syn.: Lecanora marginalis
melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt Syn.: Lecanora
melanophthalma
peltata (Ramond) Leuckert & Poelt Syn.: Lecanora peltata
subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant.
RHYMBOCARPUS Zopf
*boomii Etayo &
Diederich (Diederich & Etayo 2004a)
*cruciatus (Sherwood, D. Hawksw. & Coppins) Etayo &
Diederich (Diederich 2003)
*neglectus (Vainio) Diederich & Etayo Syn.:
Llimoniella neglecta (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
RIMELIA Hale & Fletcher
cetrata (Ach.) Hale & Fletcher Syns.: Parmotrema cetratum,
Parmelia cetrata, P. acanthifolia, P. herrei, P. reparata
commensurata (Hale) Hale & Fletcher Syns.: Parmotrema
commensuratum, Parmelia commensurata
diffractaica (Essl.) Hale & Fletcher Syns.: Parmotrema
diffractaicum, Parmelia diffractaica
reticulata (
simulans (Hale) Hale & Fletcher Syns.: Parmotrema
simulans, Parmelia simulans
subisidiosa (Müll.
RIMELIELLA Kurok. = CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale (Elix 1997)
conferenda (Hale) Kurok. = Canomaculina conferenda
neotropica (Kurok.) Kurok. = Canomaculina neotropica
subsumpta (Nyl.) Kurok. = Canomaculina subsumpta
subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Kurok. = Canomaculina subtinctoria
RIMULARIA Nyl.
badioatra (Kremp.) Hertel & Rambold
caeca (Lowe) Rambold & Printzen Syn.: Lecidea caeca
furvella (Nyl. ex Mudd) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
furvella
gibbosa (Ach.) Coppins, Hertel & Rambold Syns.: Mosigia
gibbosa, Lecanora bockii
gyrizans (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold
impavida (Th. Fr.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea impavida
*insularis (Nyl.) Rambold & Hertel Syns.: Lecidea
insularis, L. intumescens
limborina Nyl. Syns.: Lecidea limborina, L. trochodes
sphacelata (Th. Fr.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea
sphacelata
RINODINA (Ach.) Gray
adirondackii H. Magn.
annulata H. Magn.
applanata H. Magn.
archaea (Ach.)
arctica H. Magn.
ascociscana Tuck.
aspersa (Borrer) Laundon (Glew 1999)
athallina H. Magn.
aurantiaca Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
badiexcipula Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
bischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal.
bolanderi H. Magn.
boulderensis Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
brouardii B. de Lesd.
calcigena (Th. Fr.) Lynge
californiensis Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
capensis Hampe
castanomela (Nyl.)
castanomelodes H. Mayrh. & Poelt
chrysomelaena Tuck.
cinereovirens (Vainio) Vainio
colobina (Ach.) Th. Fr.
colobinoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
coloradiana H. Magn.
confragosa (Ach.) Körber
conradii Körber
constrictula H. Magn.
degeliana Coppins
destituta (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
disjuncta Sheard & Tønsberg
efflorescens Malme
endophragmia Lamb
endospora Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
excrescens Vainio
exigua (Ach.) Gray
flavosoralifera Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2002)
gennarii Bagl.
glauca Ropin
grandilocularis Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
granulans Vainio
granuligera H. Magn.
griseosoralifera Coppins (Tønsberg 1993a)
guzzinii Jatta
(Sheard 2004)
halei H. Magn.
hallii Tuck.
herrei H. Magn.
hyperborea H. Magn.
innata Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
*insularis (
intermedia Bagl. (Mayrhofer et al. 2001)
interpolata (Stirton) Sheard (Thomson 1997)
iowensis Zahlbr.
juniperina Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
laevigata (Ach.) Malme
lecanoides B. de Lesd.
lecideoides (Nyl.) Kernst.
lepida (Nyl.) Müll.
lignaria H. Magn.
lignicola Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
lobulata H. Mayrhofer & Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer
2002)
luridata (Körber) H. Mayrh., Scheid. & Sheard
lycopodiicola B. de Lesd.
macrospora Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
marysvillensis H. Magn.
metaboliza Vainio
milvina (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr.
minutissima B. de Lesd.
mniaraea (Ach.) Körber
mniaroeiza (Nyl.)
mucronatula H.Magn.
ochrocea Willey ex Fink
olivaceobrunnea C. W. Dodge & Baker
oregana H. Magn.
oxydata (A. Massal.) A. Massal.
pachysperma H. Magn.
papillata H. Magn.
parasitica H. Mayrh. & Poelt
perreagens Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
poeltiana Giralt & Obermayer (Sheard 2004)
polyspora Th. Fr.
populicola H. Magn.
pyrina (Ach.)
rinodinoides (Anzi) H. Mayrh. & Scheidegger (Sheard
2004)
riparia Sheard (Sheard 1998)
roscida (Sommerf.)
santae-monicae H. Magn.
septentrionalis Malme
sheardii Tønsberg
silicicola B. de Lesd.
stictica Sheard & Tønsberg
subminuta H. Magn.
subsophodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre
thomsonii Sheard (Sheard 1995)
trevisanii (Hepp) Körber (Sheard 2004)
turfacea (Wahlenb.) Körber
vegasii B. de Lesd.
verruciformis Sheard (Sheard & Mayrhofer 2002)
willeyii Sheard & Giralt (Sheard 1995)
zwackhiana (Kremp.) Körber Syn.: R. violascens
angelica Stizenb. = Mobergia angelica
archaeoides H. Magn. = R. olivaceobrunnea
aterrima Kremp. ex Anzi = Lichenothelia scopularia
atrocinerea (Hook.) Körber = misidentifications for
biatorina Körber = R. oxydata
bolodes Tuck. ex Fink = Mobergia angelica
cacuminum (Th. Fr.) Malme = Amandinea cacuminum
calculiformis W. A. Weber = Mobergia calculiformis
californica H. Magn. = Dimelaena californica
corticola
dakotensis H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
darrowii E. D. Rudolph ("darrovii") = R. intermedia
dirinoides Zahlbr. = Mobergia angelica
dissa (Stirton) H. Mayrh. = Hafellia dissa, but not in
euryspora Zahlbr. = R. luridata
finkii H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
hueana Vainio = Dimelaena oreina
inaequalis H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
intermedia Bagl. = R. conradii
kentuckyensis Fink = R. tephraspis
lecanorina (A. Massal.) A. Massal. = doubtful for
mamillana (Tuck.) W. A. Weber = Buellia mamillana
microbola Tuck. ex Fink = Buellia microbola
milliaria Tuck. = Amandinea milliaria
nigra Fink = Buellia nigra
nimbosa (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa
novomexicana B. de Lesd. = Dimelaena oreina
occidentalis Lynge = R. calcigena
ocellata (Hoffm.)
orbata (Ach.) Vainio = R. turfacea
oreina (Ach.) A. Massal. = Dimelaena oreina
penardiana Müll.
pennsylvanica H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
phaeocarpa (Sommerf.) Vainio = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa
platyloba Willey = nom. nudum = Mobergia calculiformis
pyriniformis H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
radiata Tuck. = Dimelaena radiata
roboris (Dufour ex Nyl.)
sabulosa Tuck. = R. intermedia
salina Degel. = R. gennarii
sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal. = misidentifications for
suboreina B. de Lesd. = Dimelaena oreina
subplumbea H. Magn. = Amandinea dakotensis
thujae (H. Magn.) Sheard = R. excrescens
thysanota Tuck. = Dimelaena thysanota
violascens H. Magn. = R. zwackhiana
ROBERGEA Desmaz.
pupula (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Belonia
ROCCELLA DC.
babingtonii
decipiens Darbish.
difficilis Darbish.
fimbriata Darbish.
fuciformis (L.) DC.
montagnei Bél.
peruensis Kremp.
phycopsis (Ach.) Ach. (Tehler 2002, 2003)
tinctoria DC.
fucoides (Dickson) Vainio = R. phycopsis
leucophaea Tuck. = Dendrographa leucophaea
ROCCELLINA Darbish.
conformis Tehler
franciscana (Zahlbr. ex Herre) Follmann Syns.: Dirina
franciscana, Schismatomma cupressum
ROPALOSPORA A. Massal.
chlorantha (Tuck.) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia chlorantha
hibernica (P. James & Poelt) Tønsberg
lugubris (Sommerf.) Poelt Syns.: Bacidia lugubris, Bilimbia
caudata, Lecidea lugubris
viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg
ROSELLINIELLA Vainio (Goward et al. 1996)
*atlantica Matzer & Hafellner (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
*cladoniae (Anzi) Matzer &
Hafellner (Diederich 2003)
*nephromatis (Crouan) Matzer & Hafellner (Goward et al.
1996)
*peltigericola D. Hawksw. &
Miadlikowska (Zhurbenko & Laursen 2003)
ROSELLINIOPSIS Matzer & Hafellner
*gelidaria (Mudd) Matzer Syn.: Polycoccum gelidarium
*tartaricola (Nyl.)
Matzer (Hafellner 2004e)
ROSELLINULA R. Sant. (Kalb et al. 1995)
*kalbii (Hafellner) Hafellner & R. W. Rogers (Kalb et al.
1995)
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
SACCOMORPHA Elenkin = PLACYNTHIELLA
hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Placynthiella hyporhoda
icmalea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Placynthiella icmalea
oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Placynthiella oligotropha
uliginosa (Schrader) Hafellner = Placynthiella uliginosa
SAGEDIOPSIS (Sacc.) Vainio
*barbara (Th. Fr.) R. Sant. & Triebel Syn.: Gongylia
nadvornikii
*campsteriana (Lindsay) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
SAGIOLECHIA A. Massal.
protuberans (Ach.) A. Massal.
rhexoblephara (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
SANTESSONIELLA Henssen (Henssen 1997)
arctophila (Th. Fr.) Henssen var. arctophila
Syn.: Parmeliella arctophila (Henssen 1997)
crossophylla (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg. Syn.:
Parmeliella crossophylla (Jørgensen 2000c)
grisea (
SARCOGRAPHA Fée
labyrinthica (Ach.) Müll.
medusulina (Nyl.) Müll.
tricosa (Ach.) Müll.
intricans (Nyl.) Müll.
SARCOGYNE Flotow
arenosa (Herre) Knudsen & Standley (Knudsen 2005b)
athroocarpa H. Magn.
bolleana H. Magn.
californica H. Magn.
clavus (DC.) Kremp. Syn.: Biatorella clavus
dakotensis H. Magn.
integra (B. de Lesd.) H. Magn.
[Biatorella kuleshanensis Herre]
magnussonii B. de Lesd.
novomexicana H. Magn.
oligospora H. Magn.
privigna (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Biatorella hypophaea
regularis Körber Syns.: Biatorella pruinosa
similis H. Magn.
bicolor H. Magn. = Polysporina lapponica (Knudsen 2005c)
pruinosa auct. = S. regularis
simplex (Davies) Nyl. = Polysporina simplex
SARCOPYRENIA Nyl. (Harris 1995b)
*bacillosa (Nyl.) Nav.-Ros.
& Hladun Syn.: Hassea bacillosa, Verrucaria bacillosa
(Navarro-Rosinés & Hladun 2004)
*cylindrospora (P. Crouan &
H. Crouan) Aguirre (Harris 1995b)
SARCOSAGIUM A. Massal.
campestre (Fr.) Poetsch & Schiedem. Syn.: Biatorella
campestris
SAREA Fr.
+difformis (Fr. ) Fr.
+resinae (Fr.) Kuntze Syn.: Biatorella resinae
SCHADONIA Körber
alpina Körber Syns.: Lopadium alpinum, L. gemellum
fecunda (Th. Fr.) Vezda & Poelt Syn.: Lopadium fecundum
SCHAERERIA Körber
cinereorufa (Schaerer) Th. Fr. Syn.: Lecidea cinereorufa
corticola Muhr & Tønsberg
endocyanea (Stirton) Hertel & Gotth. Schneider Syn.:
Lecidea epiiodiza
fuscocinerea (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.: Lecidea
fuscocinerea, L. tenebrosa
tenebrosa (Flotow) Hertel & Poelt = S. fuscocinerea
SCHISMATOMMA Flotow & Körber ex A. Massal.
decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Clauz. & Vezda
glaucescens (Nyl. ex Willey) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthonia
glaucescens
pericleum (Ach.) Branth & Rostrup
pluriloculare (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. (Tehler 2002)
rappii (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Haematomma rappii
rediunta (Hasse) Tehler Syn.: Dirina rediunta
vernans (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
abietinum (Humb.) A. Massal. = S. pericleum
californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Sigridia californica
cupressum Herre = Roccellina franciscana
hypothallinum (Zahlbr.) Hasse = Lecanographa hypothallina
ocellatum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Mazosia ocellata
palidellum auct. = Enterographa lecanoroides
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Opegrapha ravenelii
subattingens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lecanactis epileuca
SCHIZOPELTE Th. Fr.
californica Th. Fr. Syn.: Combea californica
SCLEROCOCCUM Fr.
*montagnei Hafellner (Diederich 2004a)
*simplex D. Hawksw. (Cole & D. Hawksw. 2001)
SCLEROPHORA Chevall.
amabilis (Tibell) Tibell (Goward et al. 1996)
coniophaea (
farinacea (Chevall.) Chevall.
nivea (Hoffm.) Tibell Syns.: Coniocybe nivea (Hoffm.)
peronella (Ach.) Tibell (Goward et al. 1996)
SCLEROPHYTON Eschw.
elegans Eschw. Syn.:
Chiodecton inscriptum (Sparrius 2004b)
californicum
(Tuck.) Hasse = Llimonaea californica
cerebriforme
Egea & Torrente = Llimonaea cerebriforme
inscriptum (Nyl.) Müll.
occidentale
Herre = Dactylospora cf. parasitica, on a Pertusaria sp. (Sparrius 2004b)
SCOLICIOSPORUM A. Massal.
chlorococcum (Stenh.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia chlorococca
pruinosum (P. James) Vezda (Tønsberg 1997 [1998])
sarothamni (Vainio) Vezda
umbrinum (Ach.)
umbrinum var. compacta (Körber) Vezda
SCUTULA Tul.
*cladoniicola Alstrup & D.
Hawksw. (Hansen & Alstrup 1995)
*dedicata Triebel, Wedin & Rambold (Triebel et al.
1997)
*epiblastematica (Wallr.) Rehm (Triebel et al. 1997)
*miliaris (Wallr.) Trevisan
*stereocaulorum (Anzi) Körber
*tuberculosa (Th. Fr.) Rehm = S. miliaris
SECOLIGA Norman = GYALECTA
geoica (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Körber = Gyalecta geoica
SEGESTRIA Fr. (Harris 1995a)
leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Porina
leptalea (Harris 1995a)
mammillosa Th. Fr. Syn.: Porina mammillosa (Harris 1995a)
octomera (Müll.
rubentior (Stirton) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
SEIROPHORA Poelt
(Fröden & Lassen 2004)
californica (Sipman) Fröden
Syn.: Teloschistes californicus
contortuplicata
(Ach.) Fröden Syn.: Teloschistes contortuplicatus
SIGRIDEA Tehler
californica (Tuck.) Tehler Syn.: Dirina californica, D.
hassei, Schismatomma californicum
SIPHULA Fr.
ceratites (Wahlenb.) Fr.
dactyliza Nyl. = a Stereocaulon spp. (Kantvilas
2002)
simplex (
SKYTTEA Sherwood, D. Hawksw. & Coppins
*caesii Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*cismonicae Hafellner (Hafellner 2000)
*elachistophora (Nyl.) Sherwood & D. Hawksw.
*gregaria Sherwood, D. Hawks. & Coppins (Diederich &
Etayo 2000)
*lecanorae Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*mayrhoferi Diederich & Etayo (Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*nitschkei (Körber) Sherwood, D. Hawks. & Coppins
(Diederich & Etayo 2000)
*pertusariicola Diederich
& Etay (Diederich & Etayo 2004b)
*radiatilis (Tuck.) R. Sant., Etayo & Diederich (Diederich
& Etayo 2000)
*tavaresae R. Sant., Etayo & Diederich (Diederich &
Etayo 2000)
*tephromelarum Kalb &
Hafellner (Diederich & Etayo 2004b)
SKYTELLA D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
*mulleri (Willey) D. Hawksw. & R. Sant.
SOLENOPSORA A. Massal.
candicans (Dickson) J. Steiner
cladonioides B. D. Ryan & Timdal ined. (Ryan & Timdal
2002)
crenata (Herre) Zahlbr.
cyathiformis (Szatala) van den Boom
(van den Boom & Ryan 2004b)
holophaea (
hassei (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. = Lecania hassei (Zahlbr.) W. Noble
SOLORINA Ach.
bispora Nyl.
crocea (L.) Ach.
octospora (
saccata (L.) Ach.
spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi
SOLORINARIA (Vainio) Gyelnik
despreauxii (
SOLORINELLA Anzi
asteriscus Anzi
SPEERSCHNEIDERA Trevisan
euploca (Tuck.) Trevisan Syn.: Teloschistes euplocus
SPHAERELLOTHECIUM Zopf
*abditum Triebel
*araneosum (Rehm ex
*atryneae (
*cladoniicola E. S. Hansen & Alstrup (Hansen & Alstrup
1995)
*contextum Triebel
#gowardii Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole
1998)
*minutum Hafellner
*parmeliae Diederich &
Etayo (Diederich 2003)
*propinquellum (Nyl.) Cl. Roux & Triebel
SPHAERIA Haller = HYPOXYLON
bignoniae Schwein. = Granulopyrenis hymnothora
SPHAEROPHORUS Pers.
fragilis (L.) Pers.
globosus (
globosus var. gracilis (Müll.
melanocarpus (Sw.) DC. = Bunodophoron melanocarpus
tuckermanii Räsänen = S. globosus var. gracilis
SPHAERULINA Sacc.
*dolichotera (Nyl.) Vouax
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
SPHINCTRINA Fr.
*anglica Nyl. Syns.: Mycocalicium microcephalum, Calicium
microcephalum
*leucopoda Nyl.
*tubaeformis A. Massal.
*turbinata (Pers. : Fr.) De Not.
*microcephala (Sm.) Körber = S. anglica
*microcephala Nyl. = S. tubiformis
SPHINCTRINELLA Nádv. = MYCOCALICIUM
calicioides Nádv. = Mycocalicium calicioides
SPILONEMA Bornet
dendroides Henssen
paradoxum Bornet
revertens Nyl.
SPILONEMELLA Henssen & Tønsberg (Henssen & Tønsberg
2000)
SPIROGRAPHA Zahlbr.
*fusisporella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
SPORASTATIA A. Massal.
polyspora (Nyl.) Grummann Syn.: S. cinerea
testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Biatorella testudinea
cinerea (Schaerer) Körber = S. polyspora
SPOROPODIUM
phyllocharis (
SPOROSTIGMA Grube
melaspora (Tuck.) Grube (Grube 2001)
SQUAMARINA Poelt
cartilaginea (With.) P. James
lentigera (Weber) Poelt Syn.: Lecanora lentigera
crassa (
degelii Poelt = Lecanora neodegelii
STAUROLEMMA Körber
carolinianum P. M. Jørg.
(Jørgensen 2004)
STAUROTHELE
arctica Lynge
areolata (Ach.) Lettau
clopimoides (
diffractella (Nyl.) Tuck.
discedens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
drummondii (Tuck.) Tuck.
effigurata J. W. Thomson
elenkinii Oksner
fissa (
lecideoides B. de Lesd.
monicae (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
orispruinosa J. W. Thomson
polygonia B. de Lesd.
rugosa J. W. Thomson
rupifraga (A. Massal.)
tenuissima Degel.
verruculosa J. W. Thomson
ambrosiana (A. Massal.) Zschacke = S. drummondii for North American records
circinata Tuck. = S. fissa
catalepta auct. N. Am. = mostly S. monicae
clopima (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. [epithet to be proposed for rejection under I.C.B.N.
Art.69 (Thomson 1991)] = S. drummondii
fuscocuprea (Nyl.) Zschacke = S. drummondii
glacialis Herre = S. fissa
hazslinskyi (Körber) Blomb. & Forss. = S. fissa
hymenogonia (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = S. discedens for North American records
perradiata Lynge = S. drummondii
rufa (A. Massal.) Zschacke = S. elenkinii for North American records
sessilis H. Magn. = S. elenkinii
succedens (Rehm)
umbrina (Wahlenb.) Tuck. = S. fissa
STEINIA Körber
geophana (Nyl.) Stein Syn.: Lecidea geophana
STENOCYBE (Nyl.) Körber
+clavata Tibell
+fragmenta E. B. Peterson & Rikkinen (Peterson
& Rikkinen 1998)
+major (Nyl.) Körber
+pullatula (Ach.) Stein
+byssacea (Fr.) Körber = S. pullatula
+euspora (Nyl.) Anzi = (?) S. major
+minutissima (G. Merr.) Zahlbr. = Phaeocalicium minutissimum
+tremulicola Norrlin ex Nyl. = Phaeocalicium tremulicola
STEREOCAULON Hoffm.
alpinum Laurer ex Funck
apocalypticum Nyl.
arcticum Lynge
arenarium (Savicz) Lamb
botryosum Ach.
capitellatum H. Magn.
condensatum Hoffm.
coniophyllum Lamb
dactylophyllum Flörke
dactylophyllum var. occidentale (H. Magn.)
Lamb
depreaultii Delise ex Nyl.
glareosum (Savicz) H. Magn.
glaucescens Tuck.
grande (H. Magn.) H. Magn.
groenlandicum (E. Dahl) Lamb
incrustatum Flörke
intermedium (Savicz) H. Magn.
leprocephalum Vainio
microcarpum Müll.
myriocarpum Th. Fr.
nanodes Tuck.
nivale (Follmann) Fryday Syn.: Bacidia nivalis (Fryday &
Glew 2003)
octomerum Müll.
paschale (L.) Hoffm.
pileatum Ach.
rivulorum H. Magn.
sasakii Zahlbr. var. simplex (Riddle) Lamb
sasakii var. tomentosoides Lamb
saviczii Du Rietz
saxatile H. Magn.
spathuliferum Vainio
sterile (Savicz) Lamb ex Krog
subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl.
symphycheilum Lamb
tennesseense H. Magn. ex Degel.
tomentosum Fr.
vesuvianum Pers.
albicans Th. Fr. = Leprocaulon albicans
arbuscula Nyl. = Leprocaulon arbuscula
coralloides Fr. = S. dactylophyllum
denudatum Flörke = S. vesuvianum
evolutoides (H. Magn.) Frey = S. saxatile
microscopicum (Vill.) Frey = Leprocaulon microscopicum
pseudoarbuscula Asah. = Leprocaulon subalbicans for North American records
quisquiliare (Leers) Hoffm. = Leprocaulon microscopicum
ramulosum Raeuschel = not in
subalbicans Lamb = Leprocaulon subalbicans
uliginosum Lamb Known from
wrightii Tuck. = not in
STICTA (Schreber) Ach.
arctica Degel.
beauvoisii Delise
canariensis (Bory) Bory ex Delise
carolinensis McDonald (McDonald et al. 2003)
fragilinata McDonald (McDonald et al. 2003)
fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach.
leucoblephara (Müll.
limbata (Sm.) Ach.
oroborealis Goward & Tønsberg (Tønsberg & Goward 2001)
sylvatica (
wrightii Tuck.
xanthotropa (Kremp.) D. J. Galloway (Galloway 2004)
anthraspis Ach. = Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis
aurata Ach. = Pseudocyphellaria aurata
crocata (L.) Ach. = Pseudocyphellaria crocata
erosa (Eschw.) Tuck. = Lobaria ravenelii
hallii Tuck. = Lobaria hallii
herbacea (
laciniata Ach. = misidentifications for
linita Ach. = Lobaria linita
oregana Tuck. = Lobaria oregana
pulmonaria (L.) Biroli = Lobaria pulmonaria
verrucosa (
weigelii (Ach.) Vainio = misidentifications for
STIGMIDIUM Trevisan
*cerinae Cl. Roux & Triebel (Cole & D. Hawksworth
2001)
*croceae (
*ephebes (Henssen) D. Hawksw. Syn.: Pharcidia ephebes
(Henssen) D. Hawksw.
*epixanthum Hafellner
(Diederich 2003)
*frigidum (Sacc.) Alstrup & D. Hawksw.
*fuscatae (
*glebarum (Arn.) Hafellner (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
*gyrophorarum (
*marinum (Deakin) Swinscow
*mycobilimbiae Cl. Roux,
Triebel & Etayo (Diederich 2003)
*[Pharcidia parva Henssen]
*peltideae (Vainio) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*pseudopeltideae Cl. Roux &
Triebel (Diederich 2003; Zhurbenko &
Laursen 2003)
*psorae (Anzi) Hafellner
*pumilum (Lett.) Matzer & Hafellner (Cole & D.
Hawksworth 2001)
*schaereri (A. Massal.) Trevisan (Reinstated for N.Am. by
Henssen 1995)
*squamariae (B. de Lesd.) Cl. Roux & Triebel
*tabacinae (
*atryneae (
*congestum (Körber) Triebel = Sphaerellothecium propinquellum, for North
American records only
*schaereri (A. Massal.) Trevisan = misidentifications for
STIRTONIA A. L. Sm.
[Arthonia alba Müll.
STRANGOSPORA Körber
microhaema (
moriformis (Ach.) Stein Syn.: Biatorella moriformis
ochrophora (Nyl.) R. Anderson Syn.: Biatorella ochrophora
pinicola (A. Massal.) Körber
STRIGULA Fr.
americana R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia tenuis
bermudana (Nyl.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
complanata (Fée) Mont.
connivens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
griseonitens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
hypothallina R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
jamesii (Swinscow) R. C. Harris
laceribracae R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
nitidula Mont.
phaea (Ach.) R. C. Harris
smaragdula Fr. : Fr. (Harris 1995a)
stigmatella (Ach.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia faginea,
Porina cinerea
subelegans Vainio (Harris 1995a)
submuriformis (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia
submuriformis
sychnogonioides (Nitschke) R. C. Harris Syn.: Geisleria
sychnogonioides
viridiseda (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Porina viridiseda
wilsonii (Riddle) R. C. Harris
affinis (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris = S. jamesii for North American records
elegans (Fée) Müll.
STROMATELLA Henssen
bermudana (Riddle) Henssen (Schultz 2002e)
SULCARIA Bystrek
badia Brodo & D. Hawksw.
isidiifera Brodo
SULCOPYRENULA H. Harada
canellae-albae (Fée) H. Harada Syn.: Anthracothecium
carellae-albae (Harada 1999)
staurospora (Tuck.) H. Harada (Harada 1999)
SYNALISSA Fr.
matogrossensis (Malme) Henssen (Schultz 2002f)
symphorea (Ach.) Nyl.
melambola Tuck. = Metamelaena melambola
ramulosa (Hoffm.) Fr. = S. symphorea
subnigra (B. de Lesd.) Henssen = Peccania subnigra
texana Tuck. = Peccania texana
SYNCESIA Taylor (Tehler 1996)
byssina (Vainio) Tehler
depressa (Fée) Tehler
graphica (Fries) Tehler Syn.: Chiodecton perplexum
psaroleuca (Nyl.) Tehler
SYNECHOBLASTUS Trevisan = COLLEMA
aggregatus ("Ach.") Th. Fr. = Collema fasciculare
polycarpus (Hoffm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. = Collema polycarpon
pycnocarpus Nyl. = Collema conglomeratum Hoffm. var. crassiusculum
rupestris (Sw.) Trevisan = Collema flaccidum
texanus (Tuck.) Müll.
wyomingensis Fink = Collema polycarpon
SYZYGOSPORA G. W. Martin (Diederich 1996)
*bachmannii Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 1996)
*physciacearum Diederich (Diederich 1996)
SZCZAWINSKIA A. Funk
leucopoda Holien & Tønsberg (Holien & Tønsberg 2002)
tsugae A. Funk Syn.: Micarea clavopycnidiata
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
TAENIOLELLA S. Hughes
*delicata M. S. Christ. &
D. Hawksw. (Diederich 2003)
*caespitosa M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole &
Hawksworth 2001)
*christiansenii Alstrup &
D. Hawksw. (Zhurbenko & Daniëls 2003)
*laevistipitata M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole &
Hawksworth 2001)
*phaeophysciae D. Hawksw.
(Diederich 2003)
*rolfii Diederich & Zhurb. (Diederich &
Zhurbenko 2001)
*serusiauxii Diederich
(Diederich 2003)
TALPAPELLIS Alstrup & M. Cole
*peltigerae Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
TAPELLARIA Müll.
bilimbioides R. Sant.
epiphylla (Müll.
nana (Fée) R. Sant.
TELOSCHISTES
arcticus Zahlbr.
chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr.
exilis (Michaux) Vainio
flavicans (Sw.)
californicus Sipman = Seirophora
californica
candelaris (L.) Fink = Xanthoria candelaria
contortuplicatus (Ach.) Clauzade & Rondon ex Vezda = Seirophora
contortuplicata
euplocus (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Speerschneidera euploca
parietinus (L.)
polycarpus (Hoffm.) Tuck. = Xanthoria polycarpa
ramulosus Tuck. = Xanthoria ramulosa
villosus auct. non (Ach.)
TEPHROMELA M. Choisy
atra (
cerasina (Müll.
nashii Kalb
(Nash et al. 2004b)
aglaea (Sommerf.) Hertel & Rambold = Calvitimela aglaea
“aglaeida” Nyl. = Calvitimela aglaea
armeniaca (DC.) Hertel & Rambold = Calvitimela armeniaca
testaceoatra (Vainio) Hertel & Rambold = Calvitimela testaceoatra
TETRAMELAS
geophila (Sommerf.) Norman Syn.: Buellia
geophila (Marbach 2000)
TEXOSPORIUM Nádv. ex Tibell & Hofsten
sancti-jacobi (Tuck.) Nádv. Syn.: Cyphelium sancti-jacobi
THAMNOGALLA D. Hawksw.
* crombiei (Mudd) D. Hawksw.
THAMNOLIA Ach. ex Schaerer
subuliformis (Ehrh.) Culb.
vermicularis (Sw.) Ach. ex Schaerer
subvermicularis Asah. = T. subuliformis
THECARIA Fée
quassiicola Fée Syn.:
Phaeographina quassiicola (Staiger 2002)
THELENELLA Nyl.
brasiliensis (Müll.
cinerascens (Vainio) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
fugiens (Müll.
geminipara (Malme) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
harrisii H. Mayrh.
hassei (Zahlbr.) H. Mayrh. Syns.: Microglaena hassei, M.
sychnogonoides
humilis R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
inductula (Nyl.) H. Mayrh. Syns.: Microglaena inductula,
Polyblastiopsis inductula
luridella R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
modesta (Nyl.) Nyl. Syn.: Microglaena subcorallina
muscorum (Fries) Vainio var. muscorum Syn.:
Chromatochlamys muscorum
(Lendemer & Harris 2004)
muscorum var. octospora
(Nyl.) Coppins & Fryday Syn.: Chromatochlamys muscorum var. octospora
(Fryday & Coppins 2004)
pertusariella (Nyl.) Vainio (Harris 1995a)
rappii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
sastreana R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
sordidula (Th. Fr.) H. Mayrh. Syn.: Microglaena sordidula
sychnogonioides (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
weberi H. Mayrh.
THELIDIELLA Fink ex J. Hedrick
blastenicola Fink = a non-lichenized fungus
THELIDIUM A. Massal.
absconditum (Hepp) Rabenh.
aeneovinosum (Anzi)
areolatum J. W. Thomson
circumspersellum (Nyl.) Zschacke Syn.: Verrucaria
circumspersella
decipiens (Nyl.) Kremp.
incavatum Nyl. ex Mudd
microbolum (Tuck.) Hasse
microsporum Lynge
minimum (A. Massal. ex Körber)
minutulum Körber
olivaceum (Fr.) Körber
papulare (Fr.)
parvulum
pyrenophorum (Ach.) Mudd
transsylvanicum Zschacke
velutinum (Bernh.) Körber
acrotellum
mesotropum (Nyl.) A. L. Sm. = T. minutulum
THELIGNYA A. Massal.
lignyota (Wahlenb.) P. M. Jørg. & Henssen Syn.: Porocyphus
dispersus
THELOCARPON Nyl. ex
epibolum Nyl.
*epibolum var. epithallinum (Leighton ex
Nyl.) G. Salisb.
hassei B. de Lesd.
intermediellum Nyl.
laureri (Flotow) Nyl. Syns.: T. epilithellum, T. majusculum,
T. prasinellum
sphaerosporum H. Magn. Syn.: Ahlesia sphaerospora
superellum Nyl.
albomarginatum Herre = Acarospora albomarginata
epilithellum Nyl. = T. laureri
fimicola Fink = T. intermediellum
majusculum Nyl. = T. laureri
prasinellum Nyl. = T. laureri
THELOMMA A. Massal.
californicum (Tuck.) Tibell Syns.: Cyphelium californicum, C.
farlowii, C. andersonii
carolinianum (Tuck.) Tibell Syn.: Cyphelium carolinianum
mammosum (Hepp) A. Massal. Syn.: Cypheliopsis bolanderi
occidentale (Herre) Tibell Syn.: Cyphelium occidentale. North
American records of Cyphelium caliciforme probably belong here.
ocellatum (Körber) Tibell
santessonii Tibell
THELOPSIS Nyl.
flaveola
inordinata Nyl.
isiaca Stizenb.
melathelia Nyl.
rubella Nyl.
subporinella Nyl. = T. isiaca
THELOTREMA Ach.
adjectum Nyl.
alborosellum (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn.: Ocellularia alborosella
californicum Tuck. Syn.: Phaeotrema californicum
defectum Hale
dilatatum (Müll.
eximium R. C. Harris
floridense R. C. Harris
halei (Tuck. & Mont.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Myriotrema halei
lacteum Kremp.
lathraeum Tuck. Syn.: Ocellularia lathraea
lepadinum (Ach.) Ach.
leprocarpum (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn.: Graphina leprocarpa
monospermum R. C. Harris
petractoides P. M. Jørg. & Brodo (Purvis et al. 1995)
platycarpoides Tuck. (Harris 1995a)
platycarpum Tuck.
porinoides Mont. & Bosch Syn.: Ocellularia floridensis
subtile Tuck. Syn.: Ocellularia subtilis
suecicum (H. Magn.) P. James
(Esslinger & Egan 1995)
bahianum Ach. var. obturascens Nyl. = Myriotrema bahiana
carneum Eckfeldt = Mazosia ocellata
clandestinum Fée = Myriotrema clandestinum
heterosporum C. Knight ex F. M. Bailey = T. santense
interpositum (Nyl.) Müll.
monosporum Nyl. = T. monospermum for North American records
postpositum Nyl. Not in
praestans Müll.
ravenelii Tuck. = Myriotrema wightii
sanfordianum Zahlbr. = Ocellularia sanfordiana
santense Tuck. = Reimnitzia santensis
texanum Willey ex Nyl. = Ocellularia stictidea
THERMUTIS Fr.
velutina (Ach.) Flotow
THOLURNA Norman
dissimilis (
THROMBIUM Wallr.
aoristum (Nyl.) Arnold (Breuss 2002f)
discordans (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
epigaeum (Pers.) Wallr.
mongolicum H. Magn.
THYREA A. Massal.
confusa Henssen (Henssen & Jørgensen 1990)
girardii (Durieu & Mont.) Bagl. & Carestia
demangeonii (Moug. &
nigritella Lettau = Lichinella nigritella
pulvinata auct. North American = T. confusa
pulvinata (Schaerer) A. Massal. = Gonohymenia
iodopulchra
pyrenoides (Nyl.) Fink = Paulia pyrenoides
TICHOTHECIUM Flotow = VERRUCARIA
*pygmaeum Körber = Muellerella pygmaea
*zahlbrucknerella Henssen = Endococcus zahlbrucknerellae
TOMASELLIA A. Massal.
[Mycoporellum difforme (Minks) Fink]
macularis (Minks ex willey) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Cyrtidula macularis
californica (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Mycoporum californicum
eschweileri (Müll.
esenbeckiana (Fée) Müll.
lactea (Ach.) R. C. Harris = Mycoporum lactaeum
sparsella (Nyl.) R. C. Harris = Mycoporum sparsellum
TONINIA A. Massal.
alutacea (Anzi) Jatta
arctica Timdal
aromatica (Sm.) A. Massal.
athallina (Hepp) Timdal Syns.: Catillaria athallina, Kiliasia
athallina
bullata (Meyen & Flotow) Zahlbr.
candida (Weber) Th. Fr.
cinereovirens (Schaerer) A. Massal.
lutosa (Ach.) Timdal Syn.: (?)Catillaria crystallifera
massata (Tuck.) Herre
nashii Timdal (Timdal 2002b)
opuntioides (Vill.) Timdal
pennina (Schaerer) Gyelnik
philippea (
physaroides (Opiz) Zahlbr.
ruginosa (Tuck.) Herre subsp. ruginosa
ruginosa subsp.
sculpturata (H. Magn.) Timdal Syn.: Catillaria sculpturata
sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal
squalida (Ach.) A. Massal.
subdiffracta Timdal
submexicana B. de Lesd.
subnitida (Hellb.) Hafellner & Türk Syn.: Catillaria
subnitida (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
*subtalparum van den
Boom (van den Boom 2004)
superioris Timdal
talparum Timdal
tristis (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. subsp. tristis
tristis subsp. arizonica Timdal
tristis subsp. asiae-centralis (H. Magn.)
Timdal
tristis subsp. canadensis Timdal
tristis subsp. scholanderi (Lynge) Timdal
Syn.: Lecidea scholanderi, Psora scholanderi
*verrucarioides (Nyl.) Timdal
weberi Timdal
caeruleonigricans auct. = T. sedifolia
caeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = Pannaria praetermissa, nom. rej. prop.
caulescens Anzi = T. squalida
conglomerata (Ach.) Boistel = Psorinia conglomerata
cumulata (Sommerf.) Th. Fr. Excluded
from Toninia; misidentifications for
kolax Poelt = T. verrucarioides
lobulata (Sommerf.) Lynge = Mycobilimbia lobulata
squarrosa (Ach.) Th. Fr. = T. squalida
tabacina auct. = T. tristis
TOPELIA P. M. Jørg. & Vezda
aperiens P. M. Jørg. & Vezda
californica P. M. Jørg. & Vezda
TOPELIOPSIS Kantvilas & Vezda
toensbergii Kantvilas & Vezda (Kantvilas & Vezda 2000)
TORNABEA Østh. (Nimis & Tretiach 1997)
Tornabea scutellifera (With.) J. R. Laundon (Nimis &
Tretiach 1997)
TRAPELIA M. Choisy
coarctata (Turner ex Sm. & Sow.) M. Choisy Syn.: Lecidea
coarctata
corticola Coppins & P. James
involuta (
mooreana (Carroll) P. James Syns.: Lecidea lopadioides, L.
brujeriana
obtegens (Th. Fr.) Hertel Syn.: Lecidea obtegens
placodioides Coppins & P. James
brujeriana (D. Dietr.) M. Choisy = Trapelia mooreana
torellii (Anzi) Hertel = T. mooreana
TRAPELIOPSIS Hertel & Gotth. Schneider
aeneofusca (Flotow) Coppins & P. James (Aptroot 1996)
bisorediata McCune & Camacho (McCune et al. 2002)
californica McCune & Camacho (McCune et al. 2002)
flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James Syns.: Lecidea aeruginosa,
L. flexuosa
gelatinosa (Flörke) Coppins & P. James Syns.: Lecidea
gelatinosa, Micarea gelatinosa
granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch Syns.: Lecidea granulosa, L.
quadricolor
pseudogranulosa Coppins & P. James
steppica McCune & Camacho (McCune et al. 2002)
viridescens (Schrader) Coppins & P. James Syns.: Lecidea
viridescens, Micarea viridescens
wallrothii (Flörke) Hertel & Gotth. Schneider Syns.:
Lecidea wallrothii, L. glebosula
TREMATOSPHAERIOPSIS Elenkin
*parmeliana (Jacz.) Elenkin (Hafellner 2001)
TREMELLA Pers.
*cetrariicola Diederich & Coppins (Diederich 1996)
*cladoniae Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 1996)
*dendrographae Diederich & Tehler (Diederich 1996)
*everniae Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*haematommatis Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*harrisii Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*hypogymniae Diederich & M. S. Christ. (Diederich 1996)
*leptogii Diederich (Diederich
2003)
*letharii Diederich (Diederich 2003)
*lichenicola Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*nephromatis Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*papuana Diederich (Diederich
2003)
*parmeliarum Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*pertusariae Diederich (Diederich 1996)
*phaeographinae Diederich & Aptroot (Diederich 1996)
*phaeophysciae Diederich &
M. S. Christ. (Diederich 2003)
*ramalinae Diederich (Diederich
2003)
TREMOLECIA M. Choisy
atrata (Ach.) Hertel Syns.: Lecidea atrata, L. dicksonii auct.
jurana (Schaerer) Hertel = Farnoldia jurana
micropsis (A. Massal.) Hertel = Farnoldia micropsis
nivalis (Anzi) Hertel = Farnoldia micropsis
TRICHARIA Fée
cretacea Vezda
santessonii D. Hawksw.
vezdae W. R. Buck
melanothrix Fée = T. santessonii and T. vezdae for North American records
TRICHONECTRIA Kirschst.
*rubefaciens (Ellis & Everh.) Diederich & Schroers (Sèrusiaux et al.
1999) = Nectriopsis rubefaciens
TRICHORAMALINA Rundel & Bowler
crinita (Tuck.) Rundel & Bowler Syn.: Ramalina crinita
TRICHOTHELIUM Müll.
aeneum (Wallr.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Pseudosagedium aenea, Porina aenea, Porina carpinea
cestrense (Michener) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
chloroticum (Ach.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Pseudosagedium chlorotica
crocynioides R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
epiphyllum Müll.
guentheri (Flotow) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Pseudosagedium guentheri
horridulum (Müll.
isidiatum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
lineare (Leighton) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Pseudosagedia lineare
nitidulum (Müll.
rhaphidospermum (Müll.
thaxteri (R. Sant.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Pseudosagedia thaxteri
TRIMMATOTHELE
umbellulariae Herre
TRYPETHELIUM Sprengel
aeneum (Eschw.) Zahlbr.
eluteriae Sprengel
floridanum (Zahlbr. ex M. Choisy) R. C. Harris Most North
American records of Pseudopyrenula pupula and Trypethelium annulare belong
here.
nitidiusculum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris North American records of T.
catervarium auct. belong here.
ochroleucum (Eschw.) Nyl.
subeluteriae Makhija & Patwardhan (Harris 1995a)
tropicum (Ach.) Müll.
variolosum Ach. (Harris 1995a)
virens Tuck. ex Michener
annulare (Fée)
carolinianum Tuck. = Bathelium carolinianum
catervarium auct. = T. nitidiusculum for most North American records
catervarium (Fée) Tuck. = Astrothelium variolosum
exocanthum Tuck. = T. virens
mastoideum (Ach.) Ach. = misidentifications for
pallescens Fée = T. ochroleucum
scorites Tuck. = T. virens
TUCKERMANELLA Essl.
arizonica Essl. (Esslinger 2003)
coralligera (W. A. Weber) Essl. Syns.: Cetraria coralligera,
Tuckermannopsis coralligera (Esslinger 2003)
fendleri (Nyl.) Essl. Syns.: Cetraria fendleri,
Tuckermannopsis fendleri (Esslinger 2003)
pseudoweberi Essl. (Esslinger 2003)
weberi (Essl.) Essl. Syn.: Cetraria weberi (Esslinger 2003)
TUCKERMANNOPSIS Gyelnik
chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale Syns.: Cetraria chlorophylla, C.
scutata auct. non (Wulfen) Poetsch
ciliaris (Ach.) Gyelnik Syn.: Cetraria ciliaris
inermis (Nyl.) Kärnefelt
orbata (Nyl.) M. J. Lai Syn.: Cetraria orbata
platyphylla (Tuck.) Hale Syn.: Cetraria platyphylla
sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale Syn.: Cetraria sepincola, C. scutata (Wulfen)
Poetsch non auct.
subalpina (Imshaug) Kärnefelt Syns: Cetraria subalpina, C.
arborialis
aurescens (Tuck.) Hale = Ahtiana aurescens
"californica" = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis (Räsänen) Hale = Vulpicida canadensis
coralligera (W. A. Weber) W. A. Weber =
Tuckermanella coralligera
fendleri (Nyl.) Hale = Tuckermanella fendleri
halei (Culb. & C. Culb.) M. J. Lai = T.
juniperina (L.) Hale = North American records are Vulpicida canadensis or V.
viridis
merrillii (Du Rietz) Hale = Kaernefeltia merrillii
oakesiana (Tuck.) Hale = Allocetraria oakesiana
pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Hale = Ahtiana pallidula
pinastri (Scop.) Hale = Vulpicida pinastri
viridis (Schwein.) Hale = Vulpicida viridis
[Cetraria weberi Essl.] = Tuckermanella weberi
TURGIDOSCULUM Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.
complicatulum (Nyl.) Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. = Kohlmeyera complicatula
TYLOPHORON Nyl. ex Stizenb.
moderatum Nyl.
protrudens Nyl.
TYLOTHALLIA P. James & R. Kilias
biformigera (Leighton) P. James & R. Kilias Syns.: Catillaria
biformigera, C. bahusiensis
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
UMBILICARIA Hoffm.
angulata Tuck. Syn.: Gyrophora angulata
aprina Nyl.
arctica (Ach.) Nyl. Syn.: Gyrophora arctica
caroliniana Tuck.
cinereorufescens (Schaerer) Frey
crustulosa (Ach.) Frey Syn.: Omphalodiscus crustulosus
cylindrica (L.) Delise ex Duby Syn.: Gyrophora cylindrica
decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. Syns.: Omphalodiscus decussatus,
Gyrophora decussata
deusta (L.) Baumg. Syn.: Gyrophora deusta
havaasii Llano
hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Hoffm.
hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var. hyperborea
Syn.: Gyrophora hyperborea
hyperborea var. radicicula (J. E. Zetterst.)
Hasselrot
krascheninnikovii (Savicz) Zahlbr. Syn.: Omphalodiscus
krascheninnikovii
lambii Imshaug
leiocarpa DC. Syn.: Agyrophora leiocarpa
lyngei Schol. Syn.: Agyrophora lyngei
mammulata (Ach.) Tuck. Syn.: Gyrophora dillenii
muehlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. Syns.: Actinogyra muehlenbergii,
Gyrophora muehlenbergii
nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) H. Magn.
phaea Tuck. Syn.: Gyrophora phaea
polyphylla (L.) Baumg. Syn.: Gyrophora polyphylla
polyrhiza (L.) Fr. Syns.: Actinogyra polyrhiza, Gyrophora
polyrhiza
proboscidea (L.) Schrader
rigida (Du Rietz) Frey Syns.: U. coriacea, Agyrophora rigida,
Gyrophora anthracina
scholanderi (Llano) Krog Syn.: Agyrophora scholanderi
subglabra (Nyl.) Harm. (Nash et al. 1998)
torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader Syn.: Gyrophora erosa
vellea (L.) Hoffm. Syn.: Gyrophora vellea
virginis Schaerer Syns.: Omphalodiscus virginis
coriacea Imshaug = U. rigida
papulosa (Ach.) Nyl. = Lasallia papulosa
pensylvanica Hoffm. = Lasallia pensylvanica
pustulata (L.) Hoffm. = Lasallia pustulata
pustulata var. papulosa (Ach.) Tuck. = Lasallia papulosa
UNGUICULARIOPSIS Rehm
*lettaui (Grummann) Coppins (Diederich 2003)
*thallophila (P. Karst.) W. Y. Zhuang (Diederich 2003)
URCEOLARIA Hook. = ASPICILIA
actinostoma Ach. = Diploschistes actinostomus
albissima (Ach.) Fink = Diploschistes diacapsis
scruposa (Schreber) Ach. = Diploschistes scruposus
USNEA Dill. ex Adans.
aculeata Mot. (apparent nomen
nudum, identity uncertain)
affinis Mot. (apparent nomen
nudum, identity uncertain)
alpina Mot.
amabilis Mot.
amblyoclada (Müll.
ammannii P. Clerc & Herrera-Campos (Clerc &
Herrera-Campos 1997)
angulata Ach.
arizonica Mot.
australis Fr.
baileyi (Stirton) Zahlbr.
californica Herre
capillaris Mot.
catenulata Mot. (Identification uncertain)
cavernosa Tuck.
ceratina Ach.
chaetophora Stirton (Halonen et al. 1998)
cirrosa Mot.
condensata Mot.
cornuta Körber
dasaea Stirton (Clerc & Herrera-Campos 1997)
deformis Mot.
dimorpha (Müll.
diplotypus Vainio (Halonen et al. 1998)
duriuscula Mot.
endochrysea Stirton
erinacea Vainio (questionable
for
esperantiana Clerc (Halonen et al. 1998)
evansii Mot.
fibrillosa Mot.
filipendula Stirton
finkii Zahlbr.
flavocardia Räsänen (Clerc 2004)
fragilescens Hav. ex Lynge
fragilescens var. mollis (Vainio) Clerc
freyi Mot.
fulvoreagens (Räsänen) Räsänen
furfurosula (Zahlbr.) Mot.
glabrata (Ach.) Vainio
glabrescens (Nyl. ex Vainio) Vainio
graciosa Mot. (Identification uncertain)
halei P. Clerc (Clerc & Herrera-Campos 1997)
hirta (L.) F. H. Wigg.
lapponica Vainio
leucosticta Vainio
longissima Ach.
merrillii Mot.
michauxii I. Tav.
mirabilis Mot.
monstruosa Vainio
mutabilis Stirton
nashii P. Clerc & Herrera-Campos (Clerc &
Herrera-Campos 1997)
nidulans Mot. (Halonen et al. 1998)
occidentalis Mot.
pachyclada Mot.
pacificana P. Halonen (Halonen 2000)
pensylvanica Mot.
perplectata Mot.
praetervisa (Asah.) P. Clerc
(Clerc 2004)
quasirigida Lendemer & Tavares (Lendemer & Tavares 2003)
ramillosa Mot.
retifera Mot.
roseola Vainio
rubicunda Stirton
scabiosa Mot.
scabrata Nyl.
scholanderi Llano
shimada Asah. (Clerc 2004)
silesiaca Mot. (Tavares
1997; Gams 2004)
silvatica Mot.
sphacelata R. Br. Syns.: Neuropogon sulphureus, N. lambii
spinulifera (Vainio) Mot.
strigosa (Ach.) Eaton subsp. major (Michaux)
I. Tav.
strigosa subsp. rubiginea (Michaux) I. Tav.
Syn.: U. rubiginea
strigosa subsp. strigosa
stuppea (Räsänen) Mot.
subfloridana Stirton
subfusca Stirton
subgracilis Vainio (Tavares
1997; Clerc 2004)
subhirta Mot.
subscabrosa Nyl. ex Mot.
substerilis Mot.
trichodea Ach.
tristis Mot.
vainioi Mot.
variegata Stirton
wasmuthii Räsänen
xanthopoga Nyl.
antillarum (Vainio) Zahlbr. = U. baileyi
articulata (L.) Hoffm. = misidentifications for
barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg. = misidentifications for
barbata var. xanthopoga Müll.
betulina Mot. = (?) U. glabrescens
caucasica Vainio = (?) U. filipendula
ciliifera Mot. (apparent nomen nudum) = U.
cirrosa (fide J. Lendemer)
comosa auct. = U. subfloridana
compacta (Räsänen) Mot. = U. glabrescens
confusa
Asah. = U. cornuta
dasypoga auct. non (Ach.) Shirley = U. filipendula
diplotypus Vainio = saxicolous specimens were misidentifications for
distincta Mot. = U. glabrescens
esthonica Räsänen = U. filipendula
flagellata Mot. = U. filipendula
globularis Motyka = U. amblyoclada
herrei Hale = nom. nud.
hesperina
Mot. = U. subgracilis
implicita (Stirton) Zahlbr. = U. baileyi
inflata Delise ex Duby nom. nudum = U. cornuta
intermedia (A. Massal.) Jatta = misidentifications for
kujalae Räsänen = U. glabrata
laricina Vainio ex Räsänen = (?) U. lapponica
madeirensis
Mot. = U. silesiaca
mollis Stirton = U. fragilescens var. mollis
perplexans Stirton (Clerc 1987) = an Asian taxon, not present in
plicata (L.) Weber = misidentifications for
rigida Mot. (Halonen et al. 1998) = U.
quasirigida
prostrata Vainio ex Räsänen = U. barbata, misidentifications for
rubiginea (Michaux) A. Massal. = U. strigosa subsp. rubiginea
rugulosa Vainio = U. scabrata
scabrata subsp. nylanderiana Mot. = chemotype of U. scabrata
similis Mot. ex Räsänen = U. subfloridana
sorediifera (
sorediifera sens. Mot. = U. lapponica
subcavata Mot. = U. perplectata
sublaxa Vainio = U. filipendula
variolosa Motyka = U. hirta (L.) F. H. Wigg (Clerc 1997)
wirthii Clerc = U. flavocardia
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
VAINIONORA Kalb
americana Kalb, Tønsberg &
Elix (Kalb 2004b)
VARICELLARIA Nyl.
rhodocarpa (Körber) Th. Fr.
kemensis Räsänen = V. rhodocarpa
VERMILACINIA Spjut
& Hale (Spjut 1996) = NIEBLA (Bowler & Marsh 2004)
acicularis Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla ceruchoides
cephalota (Tuck.) Spjut & Hale
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla cephalota
cerebra Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
ceruchoides (Rundel & Bowler) Spjut
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla ceruchoides
combeoides (Nyl.) Spjut & Hale
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla combeoides
corrugata Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
howei Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
laevigata (Rundel & Bowler) Spjut
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla laevigata
leopardina Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
nylanderi Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
paleoderma Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
laevigata
polymorpha (Bowler, Marsh, Nash & Riefner) Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla polymorpha
procera (Bowler & Rundel) Spjut
(Spjut 1996) = Niebla procera
pumila Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchoides
robusta (Howe) Spjut & Hale (Spjut
1996) = Niebla robusta
tigrina (Follmann) Spjut & Hale
(Spjut 1996) = Misidentification for North America
tuberculata (Riefner, Bowler, J. E. Marsh & T. H. Nash) Spjut (Spjut 1996)
= Niebla tuberculata
zebrina Spjut (Spjut 1996) = Niebla
ceruchis
VERRUCARIA Schrader
acrotella Ach.
aethiobola Wahlenb.
amphibia Clemente
amylacea Hepp
applanata Hepp ex Zschacke
aquilella Nyl.
arctica Lynge
baldensis A. Massal. (Halda 2003)
bryoctona (Th. Fr.) A. Orange (Breuss 2002b)
caerulea DC.
calciseda DC.
calkinsiana Servít
canella Nyl.
cataleptoides (Nyl.) Nyl.
cetera Breuss (Breuss 1998)
ceuthocarpa Wahlenb.
dacryodes Nyl.
degelii R. Sant.
devergens Nyl.
devergescens Nyl.
deversa Vainio
ditmarsica Erichsen
dolosa Hepp
elaeomelaena (A. Massal.)
erichsenii Zschacke
fayettensis Servít
finkiana Servít
funckii (Sprengel) Zahlbr.
fuscella (Turner) Winch
fusconigrescens Nyl.
glaucovirens Grummann
halizoa Leighton
hydrela Ach.
illinoisensis Servít
inficiens Breuss (Syn.: Catapyrenium plumbeum, Dermatocarpon
plumbeum, Endopyrenium plumbeum) (Breuss 1998)
integra (Nyl.) Nyl.
internigrescens (Nyl.) Erichsen
iovensis Servít
kootenaica Breuss & Spribille (Breuss & Spribille
2001)
lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevisan Syn.: Dermatocarpon
lecideoides
lobata J. W. Thomson
macrostoma Dufour ex DC.
margacea (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb.
marmorea (Scop.)
maura Wahlenb.
melas Herre
mucosa Wahlenb.
muralis Ach.
nigrescens Pers.
nigrescentoidea Fink
novomexicana B. de Lesd.
obductilis (Nyl.) Zschacke (Nash et al. 1998)
obnigrescens Nyl.
obsoleta Lynge
ossiseda Lynge
phaeothelena Th. Fr.
phloeophila Breuss (Breuss 2002b)
pinguicula A. Massal.
praetermissa (Trevisan) Anzi
prominula Nyl.
pseudonigrescens Servít
riddleana R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
rheitrophila Zschacke
rubrocincta Breuss (Breuss 2000)
ruderella Nyl.
rupestris Schrader
sandstedei B. de Lesd.
silicicola Fink
sorbicola Servít
sordida Servít
sphaerospora Anzi (Goward et al. 1996)
sphinctrina Ach.
stanfordii Herre
striatula Wahlenb.
subglaucina B. de Lesd.
submersella Servít
submuralis Nyl.
tavaresiae R. Moe (Moe 1997)
tectorum (A. Massal.) Körber
trabicola
umbrinula Nyl.
viridigrana Breuss (Breuss 2002b)
viridula (Schrader) Ach.
xyloxena Norman (Breuss 2002b)
zamenhofiana Clauzade & Cl. Roux
bacillosa Nyl. = Sarcopyrenia bacillosa
circumspersella Nyl. = Thelidium circumspersellum
fuscella var. glaucina (Ach.) Schaerer = V. caerulea
glaucina Ach. = V. caerulea
hymnothora Ach. = Granulopyrenis hymnothora
iowensis Servít = V. fayettensis
kernstockii Zschacke = V. rheitrophila
laevata Ach. = V. aethiobola
microspora auct. = V. halizoa
microspora Nyl. = V. striatula
mutabilis Borrer ex Leighton = nom. illegit.
papillosa
Ach. = V. viridula (Orange 2004)
submersa Schaerer = V. submersella
subsuperficialis Fink = V. striatula
virens Nyl. = V. glaucovirens
VESTERGRENOPSIS Gyelnik
elaeina (Wahlenb.) Gyelnik
isidiata (Degel.) E. Dahl Syn.: Pannaria isidiata
VEZDAEA Tsch.-Woess & Poelt
acicularis
Coppins (Lendemer & Yahr 2004)
leprosa (P. James) Vezda (Buck et al. 1999)
retigera Poelt
& Döbbeler (Lendemer & Yahr
2004)
rheocarpa Poelt & Döbbeler (Westberg 2004b)
stipitata Poelt & Döbbeler
VOUAUXIELLA Petrak & Sydow
*lichenicola (Lindsay) Petrak & Sydow (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
*verrucosa (Vouaux) Petr. &
Syd. (Diederich 2003)
VOUAUXIOMYCES Dyko & D. Hawksw.
*truncatus (B. de Lesd.) Dyko & D. Hawksw. (= anamorph of Abrothallus microspermus)
VULPICIDA J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai
canadensis (Räsänen) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai Syns.:
Cetraria canadensis, Tuckermannopsis canadensis
pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai Syns.:
Cetraria pinastri, Tuckermannopsis pinastri
tilesii (Ach.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai Syn.: Cetraria
tilesii
viridis (Schwein.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai Syn.:
Cetraria viridis, Tuckermannopsis viridis
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
WAYNEA Moberg
californica Moberg Erroneously listed as a synonym of W.
stoechadiana
stoechadiana (Abbassi Maaf & Cl. Roux) Cl. Roux & Clerc = Not in
WENTIOMYCES Koord.
*peltigericola D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole
1998) = Raciborskiomyces peltigericola
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
XANTHOMENDOZA S. Kondr. & Kärnefelt
borealis (R. Sant. & Poelt) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S.
Kondr. Syn.: Xanthoria borealis (Søchting et al. 2002)
concinna (J. W. Thomson & Nash) Søchting, Kärnefelt &
S. Kondr. Syn.: Xanthoria concinna (Søchting et al. 2002)
fallax (Hepp) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Kondr. Syn.: Xanthoria
fallax (Søchting et al. 2002)
fulva (Hoffm.) Søchting, Kärnefelt &
hasseana (Räsänen) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Kondr. Syn.:
Xanthoria hasseana (Søchting et al. 2002)
mendozae (Räsänen) S. Kondratyuk & Kärnefelt
(Lindblom 2004a)
oregana (Gyelnik) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Kondr. Syn.:
Xanthoria oregana (Søchting et al. 2002)
subramulosa (Gyelnik) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Kondr.
Syn.: Xanthoria subramulosa (Søchting et al. 2002)
ulophyllodes (Gyelnik) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Kondr.
Syn.: Xanthoria ulophyllodes (Søchting et al. 2002)
alfredi (S. Kondr. & Poelt) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Kondr. = North
American report is X.
XANTHOPARMELIA (Vainio) Hale
ajoensis (T. Nash) Egan Syn.: Parmelia ajoensis
amableana (Gyeln.) Hale (Nash & Elix 2004)
angustiphylla (Gyelnik) Hale
arida Egan & Derstine
australasica D. J. Galloway
barbatica (Elix) Egan
californica Hale
camtschadalis (Ach.) Hale
chlorochroa (Tuck.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia chlorochroa
coloradoënsis (Gyelnik) Hale
commonii Elix & Nash (Elix & Nash 1999)
consociata (Elix) Elix & Johnston (Nash et al. 1998)
conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia conspersa, P.
isidiata
cumberlandia (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia cumberlandia
dierythra (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia dierythra
digitiformis (Elix & P. M. Armstr.) Filson (Nash & Elix 2004)
dissensa (T. Nash) Hale Syn.: Parmelia dissensa
eganii Elix & Nash (Elix & Nash 1999)
huachucensis (T. Nash) Egan Syn.: Parmelia huachucensis
hypomelaena (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia hypomelaena
idahoensis Hale
incerta (Kurok. & Filson) Elix & J.
Johnst. (Nash & Elix 2004)
isidiascens Hale
isidiigera (Müll.
isidiosa (Müll.
joranadia (T. Nash) Hale Syn.: Parmelia joranadia
lavicola (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia kurokawae
lineola (E. C. Berry) Hale Syn.: Parmelia lineola
lipochlorochroa Hale & Elix
lobulatella T. H. Nash & Elix (Nash & Elix 2004)
maricopensis T. Nash & Elix
mexicana (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia mexicana
moctezumensis T. Nash
montanensis Hale
monticola (J. P. Dey) Hale Syn.: Parmelia monticola
mougeotii (Schaerer) Hale Syn.: Parmelia mougeotii
neochlorochroa Hale
neocongensis (Hale) Hale (Nash et al. 1998)
neoconspersa (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia neoconspersa
neorimalis (Elix & P. M. Armstr.) Elix & T.
H. Nash (Nash & Elix 2004)
neotaractica Hale
neowyomingica Hale
nigrolavicola T. H. Nash & Elix (Nash & Elix 2004)
nigropsoromifera (T. Nash) Egan Syn.: Parmelia
nigropsoromifera
nigroweberi T. H. Nash & Ellix (Nash & Elix 2004)
norchlorochroa Hale
norhypopsila Hale
novomexicana (Gyelnik) Hale Syns.: Parmelia novomexicana, P.
tuberculata, P. arseneana
oleosa (Elix & P. M. Armstrong) Elix & T. Nash
piedmontensis (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia piedmontensis
planilobata (Gyelnik) Hale
plittii (Gyelnk) Hale Syn.: Parmelia plittii
pseudocongensis Hale
(Nash & Elix 2004)
psoromifera (Kurok.) Hale Syn.: Parmelia psoromifera
schmidtii Hale
somloënsis (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia stenophylla
standaertii (Gyeln.) Hale (Nash & Elix 2004)
stenophylloides (Müll.
subcumberlandia Elix & T. H. Nash (Nash & Elix 2004)
subdecipiens (Vainio) Hale Syn.: Parmelia subdecipiens
subplittii Hale
(Nash & Elix 2004)
subramigera (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia subramigera
substenophylloides Hale
subtasmanica Elix & T. H. Nash
(Nash & Elix 2004)
tasmanica (Hook. f. &
tegeta Elix & Johnston (Nash et al. 1998)
tinctina (Maheu & Gillet) Hale (Nash & Elix 2004)
tuberculata (Gyeln.) T. H. Nash & Elix (Nash & Elix 2004)
tuckeriana Elix & T. H. Nash
(Nash & Elix 2004)
tucsonensis (T. Nash) Egan Syn.: Parmelia tucsonensis
vagans (Nyl.) Hale
weberi (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia weberi
wyomingica (Gyelnik) Hale Syn.: Parmelia wyomingica
arseneana (Gyelnik) Hale = X. novomexicana
centrifuga (L.) Hale = Arctoparmelia centrifuga
congensis (Stein) Hale Syn.: Parmelia congensis, but only known as far north as
hypopsila (Müll.
incurva (Pers.) Hale = Arctoparmelia incurva
ioanis-simae (Gyelnik) Hale = X. taractica, but see note below
kurokawae (Hale) Hale = X. lavicola
lecanorica (Hale) Hale Syn.: Parmelia lecanorica Not in
separata (Th. Fr.) Hale = Arctoparmelia separata
subcentrifuga (Oksner) Hale = Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga
subconspersa (Nyl.) Hale = Flavoparmelia rutidota
taractica (Kremp.) Hale = known from Mexico, but misidentifications for our
area; western N. A. specimens are mostly X. coloradoensis and eastern N. A.
specimens are mostly X. somloënsis
tinctina (Maheu & A. Gillet) Hale Syn.: Parmelia tinctina Not in North
America
XANTHOPSORA Gotth. Schneider & W. A. Weber = XANTHOPSORELLA
texana (W. A. Weber) Gotth. Schneider & W. A. Weber = Xanthopsorella texana
XANTHOPSORELLA Kalb & Hafellner
texana (W. A. Weber) Kalb & Hafellner Syns.: Xanthopsora
texana, Psora texana, Lecidea texana
XANTHORIA (Fr.) Th. Fr.
alaskana J. W. Thomson
ascendens
candelaria (L.) Th. Fr.
candelaria var. finmarkica (Ach.) Hillmann
elegans (Link) Th. Fr. Syn.: Caloplaca elegans
elegans var. splendens (Darbish.) M. S.
Christ. ex Poelt Syn.: Caloplaca splendens
mendozae Räsänen (Lindblom 1997)
papillifera (Vainio) Poelt
parietina (L.) Th. Fr. Syn.: Teloschistes parietinus
pollinarioides L. Lindblom & D. M. Wright (Lindblom 2004b)
polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber Syn.: Teloschistes polycarpus
ramulosa (Tuck.) Herre Syn.: Teloschistes ramulosus
sorediata (Vainio) Poelt Syn.: Caloplaca sorediata
tenax L. Lindblom (1997)
tenuiloba L. Lindblom (Lindblom 2004b)
alfredii S. Kondr. & Poelt (Kondratyuk & Poelt 1997) = North American
report is Xanthomendoza
borealis R. Sant. & Poelt = Xanthomendoza
borealis
concinna J. W. Thomson & T. Nash = Xanthomendoza concinna
fallax (Hepp)
fulva (Hoffm.) Poelt & Petutschnig (Esslinger & Egan 1995) = Xanthomendoza fulva
hasseana Räsänen = Xanthomendoza hasseana
lobulata (Flörke) B. de Lesd. = Caloplaca lobulata
oregana Gyeln. (Lindblom 1997) = Xanthomendoza oregana
subramulosa Räsänen = Xanthomendoza subramulosa
ulophyllodes Räsänen = Xanthomendoza ulophyllodes
XEROTREMA Sherw. & Coppins
+megalospora Sherw. & Coppins
XYLOGRAPHA (Fr.) Fr.
crassithallina B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan 2004b)
disseminata Willey
hians Tuck.
opegraphella Nyl. ex Rothr.
parallela (Ach. : Fr.) Behlen & Desberger
pruinodisca B. D. Ryan & T. H. Nash (Ryan 2004b)
trunciseda (Th. Fr.) Minks
vitiligo (Ach.) J. R. Laundon
abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr. = X. parallela
micrographa G. Merr. = X. hians
spilomatica (Anzi) Th. Fr. = X. vitiligo
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
ZAHLBRUCKNERELLA Herre
calcarea (Herre) Herre
californica Henssen
fabispora Henssen
ZAMENHOFIA Clauzade & Cl. Roux = PORINA
hibernica (P. James & Swinscow) Clauzade & Cl. Roux = Porina hibernica
ZWACKHIOMYCES Grube & Hafellner
*arenicola R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
*berengerianus (
*cladoniae (Dodge) Diederich (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
*coepulonus (
*dispersus (J. Lahm ex Körber) Triebel & Grube Syn.:
Pharcidia dispersa
*euplocinus Hafellner, Grube & Egan
Appendix: Specimen Citations
Bryophagus gloeocapsa Nitschke ex
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
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Dr. Theodore L. Esslinger