Family Crambidae

Diagnosis: Proboscis with scales at base; fw Rs₄ usually from discal cell and separate from Rs₂₊₃; hw with Sc+R and Rs united or closely approximate beyond discal cell, sharply divergent before outer margin; tympanal organs (ears) at base of abdomen ventrally and ‘opened’ anteriomedially (visible in anteriorly angled lateral view), praecinctorium present.

Diversity: Worldwide, 15 subfamilies and at least 11,630 species; North America has seven subfamilies and about 850 species; 91 have been recorded from North Dakota.

Checklist numbers: 4703- 5509.

Biology: larvae are stem borers, root feeders, leaf tiers/ miners, or on/in aquatic vegetation, one group only in nests of arboreal ants. Many economically important species: European corn borer, Beet webworm, sod webworms, etc.

Further reading:

Capps, Hahn W. 1965. A revision of the genus Haimbachia Dyar with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 117(3520): 629- 654.

__________. 1966. Review of the New World moths of genus Euchromius Guenée with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 119(3551): 1-9.

Forbes, William T. M. Family 33. Pyralidae, pp. 523- 639 in, Ibid. 1923. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part I. Primitive forms, Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces. Cornell Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 68: 729 pp.

Klots, Alexander B. 1941. North American Crambus I. The silvery striped species of California (Pyralididae). Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 39: 53-70.

__________. 1942. North American Crambus (Pyralidae) II. New species. Amer. Mus. Natr. Hist. 1191: 17 pp.

__________. 1967. Two new species of Crambus Fabricius from western North America. J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 75(3): 154- 158.

__________. 1968. The North American Microcrambus (Lepidoptera: Pyralididae). J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 76(1): 9-21.

__________. 1970. North American Crambinae: Notes on the tribe Chiloini and a revision of the genera Eoreuma Ely and Xubida Schaus (LepidopteraL Pyralidae). J. New York Entomol. Soc. 78: 100-120.

McDaniel, B., G. Fauske and R. D. Gustin. 1984. Sod webworm moths (Pyralidae: Crambinae) in South Dakota. J. Lep. Soc. 38(3): 149-164.

Mauston, Glen W. 1969. The Crambinae of North Daktoa with descriptions of some previously undescribed immature forms. Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of Entomology. North Dakota State University, Fargo. ND. 173 pp.

Munroe, Eugene. 1972a. Fascicle 13.1A Pyralioidea, Pyralidae (part) in Dominick et al. The moths of America north of Mexico. E. W. Classey Ltd. London. pp. 1-134.

__________. 1972b. Fascicle 13.1B Pyralioidea, Pyralidae (part) in Dominick et al. The moths of America north of Mexico. E. W. Classey Ltd. London. pp. 135-250.

__________. 1973. Fascicle 13.1C Pyralioidea, Pyralidae (part) in Dominick et al. The moths of America north of Mexico. E. W. Classey Ltd. London. pp. 251-304.

__________. 1976a. Fascicle 13.2A Pyralioidea, Pyralidae (part) in Dominick et al. The moths of America north of Mexico. E. W. Classey Ltd. London. pp 1-78.

__________. 1976b. Fascicle 13.2b Pyralioidea, Pyralidae (part) in Dominick et al. The moths of America north of Mexico. E. W. Classey Ltd. London. pp. 79-150.

Munroe, Eugene and M. Alma Solis. The Pyraloidea, pp. 233- 256 in Kristensen, Neils P. ed. 1999. Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies. Part 35, Vol. 1 in Handbook of Zoology. Maximilian Fischer ed. Walter de Gryter, New York. 491 pp.

Mutuura, Akira and Eugene Munroe. 1970. Taxonomy and distribution of the European corn borer and allied species: Genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Mem. Can. Entomol. Soc. 71: 112 pp.

Scoble, Malcom J. 1992. The Lower Ditrysia, Chapter 11, pp. 225- 289 in The Lepidoptera: form, function, and diversity. Oxford Univ. press. 1982. 404 pp.