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Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals
Veterinary Science 135

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

The endocrine system and the nervous system both serve to control and coordinate normal functions in an animal's body. The nervous system operates on a short time-scale. It can respond quickly, but cannot sustain prolonged activity. The endocrine system operates on a long time scale. It responds more slowly than the nervous system, but can sustain its activity for very long periods.

 

 

I. Hormones

A. Characteristics

B. General function

C. Control of hormone secretion

II. The Major Endocrine Glands

A. The Hypothalamus
1. Characteristics

2. Relationships with the pituitary gland

a. Anterior pituitary

b. Posterior pituitary

B. The Pituitary gland

1. Characteristics

2. Anterior pituitary

a. Growth hormone
i. Effect in young animals

ii. Effect in older animals

b. Prolactin

i. Effect in female

ii. Effect in male

c. Thyroid stimulating hormone

d. Follicle stimulating hormone

i. Effect in female

ii. Effect in male

e. Luteinizing hormone

i. Effect in female

ii. Effect in male

f. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

3. Posterior pituitary

a. Antidiuretic hormone

b. Oxytocin

C. The Thyroid gland

1. Characteristics

2. Thyroid hormone

a. Calorigenic effect

b. Effect on protein, carbohydrate & lipid metabolism

c. Effect on young, growing animals

3. Calcitonin

D. The Parathyroid glands

1. Characteristics

2. Parathyroid hormone

E. The Adrenal glands

1. Characteristics

2. The Adrenal cortex

a. Glucocorticoid hormones

b. Mineralocorticoid hormones

c. Sex hormones

3. The Adrenal medulla

a. Epinephrine and norepinephrine

F. The Pancreas

1. The pancreatic islets

2. Pancreatic hormones

a. Insulin

b. Glucagon

G. The Gonads

1. The Ovaries
a. Follicle development

b. Estrogen

i. Signs of heat

ii. Feedback to anterior pituitary gland

c. Corpus luteum development

d. Progesterone

2. The Testes

a. Testosterone

b. Estrogen

III. Other endocrine organs

A. The Kidneys

B. The Stomach

C. The Small intestine

D. The Placenta

E. The Thymus

F. The Pineal Body

G. Prostaglandins

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