I. General terminology
II. Functions
A. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide1. External respiration2. Internal respiration
B. Secondary functions
1. Voice production2. Body temperature regulation
3. Body acid-base balance
4. Sense of smell
III. Anatomy -- the respiratory system consists of the lungs and a system of tubes connecting them with the external environment.
A. Upper respiratory tract1. Nostrils2. Nasal passages
a. Lined with pseudostratified columnar epitheliumi. Ciliaii. Glands
iii. Venous plexus
b. Functions
i. Sense of smellii. Warm inspired air
iii. Humidify inspired air
iv. Filter inspired air
(a). Turbinates(b). Mucus
c. Sinuses
3. Pharynx
a. Structureb. Function
4. Larynx
a. Structureb. Glottis
c. Functions
i. Valveii. Phonation
d. Epiglottis
5. Trachea
a. Lined with pseudostratified columnar epitheliumb. Hyaline cartilage rings
c. Bifurcation
B. Lower respiratory tract
1. Bronchi2. Bronchioles
3. Alveolar sacs
4. Alveoli
a. StructureC. Lungs
1. Shape2. Position
3. Lobes
IV. Physiology
A. Significance of negative pressure in the thorax1. Lung compliance2. Inspiration/expiration mechanisms
3. Effect on non-respiratory structures
4. Effect of loss of negative intrathoracic pressure
B. Inspiration
1. Thoracic cavity enlarged2. Lungs expand passively
C. Exchange of gases in alveoli
1. Partial pressure of gases2. Gas content of inhaled air
3. Diffusion of gases
4. Gas content of exhaled air
D. Expiration
1. Thoracic cavity diminished in size2. Air expelled from lungs
E. Control of breathing
1. Mechanical controla. Mechanical receptorsi. Inflation receptorsii. Deflation receptors
b. Effect on respiration
2. Chemical control
a. Chemical receptorsb. Parameters monitored
c. Effect on respiration