Fellow: Dhritikshama Roy
Advisor: Achintya Bezbaruah, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University.
Eakalak Khan, Ph.D., Professor and Chair, Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University
Degree Progress: Ph.D. in Environmental Conservation Sciences expected in Fall 2012.

Because of their high surface area (20–50 m 2g -1), reactivity and unique physical structure metal and metal oxide nanoscale particles have been used for remediation of various organic and inorganic contaminants including arsenic. While such nanoparticles are expected to disperse in aqueous media, they agglomerate due to magnetic and Van der Waals forces. Thus, larger particles are formed and they settle into aquifer media pores. Agglomerated particles have decreased specific surface area and, hence, lose the reactivity characteristic of individual nanoparticles. Polymers are used to overcome the problem of agglomeration by making them more dispersible via surface modification. Surface modified metal nanoparticles have shown higher reactivity towards contaminants. However, the polymers used for surface modification have been reported to be non-biodegradable in groundwater environment. Lack of biodegradation may limit the use of these polymers in groundwater. Non-biodegrable surface modifiers may themselves become 'pollutants'. It is, therefore, imperative to develop and use polymers which are easily degradable to benign end products in aqueous environment. The on-going project is focused on identification and isolation of microorganisms that will help in the process of polymer biodegradation. The surface modifiers that are being tested include conventional synthetic and plant-based polymers.

Project Objectives:

The general objective of this research is the identification and testing of PDMS and bio-polymers for entrapping nZVI for groundwater remediation. This proposal will specifically focus on the understanding of microbial degradation of the PDMS, soybean oil and other plant-based polymers and their use for the entrapment of nZVI. Appropriate modifications of bacterial consortium will be made based on the study results. The specific objectives of the study are as follows:

• Identification of suitable bio-polymer for entrapping iron nanoparticle.
• Biodegradation of the PDMS, soybean oil and other plant based biopolymers.
• Identification and isolation of bacteria responsible for biodegradation.
• Design, synthesis, and characterization of the polymer entrapped iron nanoparticle.
• Study of reaction kinetics for polymer entrapped nZVI mediated degradation of Arsenic.

Progress:

• Batch study with PDMS bound APGC is going on
• Composting with dried sludge is underway
• Fungal growth is expected from the composting
• Experiments targeted at identifying and isolating microorganism capable of degrading polymers used as nanoparticle surface modifiers have been started.

Significance:

• Development of environmentally safe (biodegradable) polymers for surface modification of nanoparticles.
• Identification and isolation of specific microorganisms which are responsible for polymer biodegradation.
• Development of polymer coated nanoparticles for aqueous arsenic removal.