Nezara viridula (Linnaeus)
Photo courtesy of Larvalbug
Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) nymph
Photo courtesy of Larvalbug
Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) nymph
Photo courtesy of Larvalbug |
Cimex
viridulus Linnaeus, 1758: 444.
Cimex
torquatus Fabricius, 1775: 710. (syn. by Dallas, 1851)
Cimex
smaragdulus Fabricius, 1775: 711. (syn. by Dallas, 1851)
Cimex
transversus Thunberg, 1783: 40, fig. 53. (syn. by Stål, 1855)
Cimex
variabilis Villers, 1789: 505. (syn. by Reuter, 1888)
Cimex spirans
Fabricius, 1798: 533. (syn. by Stål, 1868)
Cimex
viridissimus Wolff, 1801: 55, pl. 6 figs. 52a, b. (homonym; syn. by
Burmeister, 1834)
Pentatoma
torquatus: Lateille, 1804: 190.
Pentatoma
viridulum: Billberg, 1820: 70.
Pentatoma
smaragdulum: Herrich-Schäffer, 1833: pl. 7 & text.
Rhaphigaster
smaragdulus: Herrich-Schäffer, 1835: 57, 94.
Rhaphigaster
torquatus: Herrich-Schäffer, 1835: 57, 94.
Pentatoma
oblonga Westwood, 1837: 9, 37-38. (syn. by Distant, 1901)
Pentatoma
unicolor Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Pentatoma
berylina Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1876)
Pentatoma
subsericea Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Pentatoma
leii Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Pentatoma
tripunctigera Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Pentatoma
chinensis Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Pentatoma
proxima Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Pentatoma
viridissima: Westwood, 1837: 9.
Pentatoma
chlorocephala Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Pentatoma
propinqua Westwood, 1837: 9, 39. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Cimex
hemichloris Germar, 1838: 166. (syn. by Dallas, 1851)
Nezara
smaragdula: Amyot & Serville, 1843: 144-145.
Pentatoma
smaragdula var. minor Costa, 1843: 57. (nomen oblitum)
Nezara
approximata Reiche & Fairmaire, 1848: 443-444. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Pentatoma
plicaticollis Lucas, 1849: 87-88, pl. 3 fig. 9. (syn. by Puton, 1869)
Rhaphigaster
prasinus Dallas, 1851: 274. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Rhaphigaster
subsericeus: Dallas, 1851: 274.
Rhaphigaster
orbus Stål, 1854: 221. (syn. by Stål, 1865)
Nezara
viridula: Stål, 1865: 193-195.
Pentatoma
vicaria Walker, 1867: 303. (syn. by Distant, 1900)
Nezara
viridula var. aurantiaca Costa, 1884: 37, 58. (syn. by Reuter,
1907)
Nezara
viridula var. hepatica Horváth, 1903: 406. (syn. by Reuter, 1907)
Distribution:
North America: United
States (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana,
Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia).
Central America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico
(Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama. West Indies: Barbados, Bermuda, Cuba,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent,
U.S. Virgin Islands. South America: Argentina (Buenos Aires,
Catamarca, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza,
Misiones, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero,
Tucumán), Brazil (Distrito Federal, Guanabara, Minas Geraes, Para, Paraná,
Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador (Galapagos Islands),
Uruguay, Venezuela. Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Canary
Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Libya,
Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Mauritius (Rodrigues), Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles Islands,
Sierra Leone, Saint Helena, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tunisia. Europe: Albania, Austria, Azores,
Bulgaria, France (Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (Crete), Hungary,
Italy (continental, Sardinia, Sicily), Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, Romania,
Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia. North Asia: Russia
(ST). Southwest Asia: Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen. Central Asia:
Afghanistan. South Asia: Bangladesh, Cocos Island, India (Arunachal
Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa,
Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Pakistan, Sri Lanka. East Asia: China
(Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei,
Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xizang, Yunnan,
Zhejiang), Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Korea, Macao, Taiwan. Southeast Asia:
Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Maluku Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sunda
Islands), Laos, Malaysia (Malaya), Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand.
Australian: Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales,
Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia), New Caledonia,
New Guinea (New Britain), New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands.
Oceania: Caroline Islands, Fiji, Mariana Islands, Palau, Tonga, Vanuatu.
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Type
Material: Cimex
viridulus Linnaeus, 1758: ST(S), Indiis [= India], UZIU. Cimex
torquatus Fabricius, 1775: ST(S), India, ZMUC (in Kiel collection).
Cimex smaragdulus Fabricius, 1775: STS (3), Insula Madera,
BMNH (2, at least ); Insula Madera, ZMUC (in Kiel collection; 1).
Cimex transversus Thunberg, 1783: ST(S), Cape Bonae Spei [South
Africa], UZIU. Cimex variabilis Villers, 1789: ST(S),
Occitania, probably lost. Cimex spirans Fabricius, 1798: ST(S),
America Insulis, ZMUC (in Kiel collection). Cimex viridissimus
Wolff, 1801: ST(S), India orientali, probably lost. Pentatoma
oblonga Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , Java [Indonesia], OXUM.
Pentatoma unicolor Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , Java [Indonesia], OXUM.
Pentatoma berylina Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , India Orientali,
Cuna, OXUM. Pentatoma subsericea Westwood, 1837: ST(S), ,
India Orientali, Cuna, OXUM. Pentatoma leii Westwood, 1837:
ST(S), Cap. Bonae Spei [= South Africa], OXUM. Pentatoma tripunctigera
Westwood, 1837: STS, , , Insula Sti. Vincentii, OXUM. Pentatoma
proxima Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , E. Insula Teneriffe [Canary
Islands], OXUM. Pentatoma chinensis Westwood, 1837: ST(S), ,
China, OXUM. Pentatoma chlorocephala Westwood, 1837: ST(S), ,
Brasilia?, OXUM. Cimex hemichloris Germar, 1838: ST(S), Bonae
Spei [South Africa], MLUH? Pentatoma smaragdula var. minor
Costa, 1843: HT, Neapolitania, ZIUN? Nezara approximata Reiche
& Fairmaire, 1848: STS, Abyssinie [= Ethiopia], MNHN? Pentatoma
plicaticollis Lucas, 1849: STS, Algeria, Houbeira, MNHN.
Rhaphigaster orbus Stål,
1854: ST(S), terra
Natalensi [South Africa], NHRS. Pentatoma vicaria Walker, 1867:
HT, Hindostan, BMNH. Nezara viridula var. aurantiaca Costa,
1884: HT, Sardinia, Oristano, ZIUN? Nezara viridula var.
hepatica Horváth,
1903: STS, , , Algeria, St.
Charles, HNHM.
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