Know Your Prescription and Nonprescription Medications

Test Your Knowledge:

Often, the type of medication you are taking determines the length of time it should be used. These are the
three types of prescription medications:

Chronic: those you take for greater than one year or lifelong. Examples include heart, blood pressure, diabetes and cholesterol
medications. 
Short-term: those you take for a few weeks or less than one year. An example is an antibiotic.
As needed: those you take as needed, which may be short- or long-term. Examples include ointments, creams, sleep aids and pain relievers.

If purchasing a nonprescription medication, read the label and treat only the symptoms you are experiencing.

Active ingredients: Contents and their purpose 
Uses: Problems treated 
Warnings: When to avoid 
Directions: How to dose safely

Is the product safe for use along with my other medications?
How much and how often should I take it?
How do I know if it is working?
What side effects should I look for?
Is the product safe and effective for use?
Is this a reputable and safe manufacturer?
Do I need to take this medication with food?
• “Take with food” means to take your medication right before eating, with a meal or right after eating. 

• “Take on an empty stomach” means to take your medication two hours before or after eating.

Consider using one or more of these tools to be sure you take your medications as directed.

• Phone alarm – a recurring scheduled reminder
• Calendar – mark off each day after medication is taken
• Pill box – organized by day and time
• Timer cap – shows last time bottle was opened
• PillPack – packaged by time of administration
• Medsync – ready on same date

Some foods may cause your medication to be less effective, toxic or useless. Read the label to learn more. These are a few examples.

• Grapefruit or grapefruit juice: cholesterol medication, oral contraceptives
• Calcium-containing products: antibiotics, thyroid medications
• Caffeine: asthma, antibiotics
• Dark green leafy vegetables: blood thinners such as warfarin
• Alcohol/opioids: antibiotics; anxiety, depression, allergy or sleep medications

Prescription opioids (oxycodone, codeine, morphine, tramadol, fentanyl) can have side effects such as drowsiness, constipation/ urine retention, nausea, confusion, decreased heart rate/blood pressure and shallow breathing. They increase the risk for falls among older adults. Ask about Narcan when picking up an opioid prescription from the pharmacy.

Non-Opioid options for pain management include over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol, Aspirin, Advil, Aleve and Voltaren Gel.

Excess, expired or unwanted medications should be disposed of as soon as possible. Unwanted medications may lead to unintentional poisonings, misuse or abuse by others, and environmental contamination.

• Store according to directions. Refrigerate if needed (for example, insulin).
• Keep your meds in the original packaging.
• Avoid extreme temperatures.
• Keep away from children.
• Use a locked medication dispenser.

NDAssistive.org is a local resource that offers/recommends various medication management systems. Check them out!

• Ask about medication disposal or take-back programs at your local pharmacy.
• Call your local pharmacy or police department.
• Consider a service such as Deterra or DisposeRx.
• If these options are not available, mix the meds in water and sand, kitty litter or coffee grounds so no one will consume them. Place in spill-proof container and discard.

These websites provide free evidence-based information:

www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/information-consumers-and-patients-drugs - The Food and Drug Administration website provides information for consumers on medication safety, disposal, purchasing and other educational resources.

www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus - The Medline Plus website (National Institutes of Health) provides helpful information on health topics and medications.

www.MyPlate.gov - Based on the U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the MyPlate website provides nutrition information and ways to assess and track your diet for nutritional adequacy.

http://ods.od.nih.gov - The Office of Dietary Supplements (National Institutes of Health) provides the latest information about dietary supplements based on research. It provides many user-friendly fact sheets.

Ask your pharmacist for more information about medications. See a nutrition professional for more information about food
and health.

This project is supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

All photos from iStock.com

NDSU Extension does not endorse commercial products or companies even though reference may be made to tradenames, trademarks or service names.

For more information on this and other topics, see www.ndsu.edu/extension