Title

Common Arthropod Pests of Soybeans in North Dakota

(E2005, Dec. 2020)
File
Publication File:
Summary

This publication describes the common arthropod pests of soybean in North Dakota. The following pests are included: foliage-feeding caterpillars (green cloverworm, painted lady butterfly), potato leafhoppers, soybean aphids, spider mites, armyworms, bean leaf beetles and cutworms. To help pest managers with proper identification, a brief description and photograph of the immature and adult life stages is provided for each pest.

Lead Author
Lead Author:
Janet J. Knodel, Professor and Extension Entomologist
Other Authors

Veronica Calles-Torrez, Post-doctoral Scientist

Availability
Availability:
Web only
Publication Sections

Table of Contents

Foliage Feeding Caterpillars

Green Cloverworm

Caterpillar (larva, Figure 1): Mature larva about 1¼ inches long. Pale green, with one long narrow white stripe on each side, three pairs of fleshy prolegs at the center part of the body and one pair of prolegs at the rear end. Moves in a looping behavior. Chew on leaves and pods.

Adult (Figure 2): Wingspan of 1 inch. Dark brown moth with spots. When moth rests, wings form a triangle. Migrates into North Dakota each spring.

Figure 1
Photo Credit:
J. Gavloski, Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives
Larva - green cloverworm
Figure 2
Photo Credit:
J. Gavloski, Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives
Green cloverworm moth

Painted Lady Butterfly

Thistle Caterpillar (larva, Figure 3): Mature larva about 1½ inches long. Brown to black with yellow striping along each side of the body and covered with branched spiny hairs (giving a prickly appearance). Webbed nest in curled leaves where they feed on foliage. Black pellets (frass) inside web.

Adult (Figure 4): Wing span of 2½ to 3½ inches. Forewings red-orange and brown with black and white spots. Hindwings orange-brown with four black “eye spots” along edge. Feeds on flower nectar and aphid honeydew. Migrates into North Dakota each spring.

Figure 3
Photo Credit:
V. Calles-Torrez, NDSU
Thistle caterpillar in webbed nest
Figure 4
Photo Credit:
P. Beauzay, NDSU
Painted lady butterfly

Soybean Aphid

Nymph (Figure 5): Similar to adult, but smaller and wingless.

Adult (Figure 6): Small, about 1/16 inch long, light yellowish-green pear-shaped body, black cornicles (look like tailpipes on posterior end), either winged or wingless.

Both nymphs and adults feed on plant juices.

Figure 5
Photo Credit:
P. Beauzay, NDSU
Soybean aphid nymphs and adults on underside of leaf
Figure 6
Photo Credit:
P. Beauzay, NDSU
Adult - soybean aphid

Spider Mite

Immature: Similar to adult, but smaller with six to eight legs.

Adult (Figure 7): Small, less than 0.02 inch (magnification is needed to see them in detail), green, yellow or orange body, two dark spots on the abdomen for two-spotted spider mite, eight legs. Located on the undersides of leaves. Produce spiderlike webbing (Figure 8) and stippling injury on leaves (Figure 9).

Figure 7
Photo Credit:
D. Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org
Two-spotted spider mite
Figure 8
Photo Credit:
D. Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org
Webbing from two-spotted spider mites
Figure 9
Photo Credit:
W. Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Stippling injury from two spotted spider mites

Armyworm

Larva (Figure 10): Light tan to dark greenish-brown caterpillar with three longitudinal stripes (pale orange, white, brownish or/and black) on smooth and almost hairless body, about 1½ to 2 inches long when mature. Defoliate leaves/pods, usually in moist, shady areas with lodged plants.

Adult (Figure 11): Light brown moth with a conspicuous white spot about the size of a pinhead on each front wing, wingspan of 1½ inches.

Figure 10
Photo Credit:
P. Beauzay, NDSU
Larva -armyworm
Figure 11
Photo Credit:
G. Fauske, NDSU
Adult - armyworm

Cutworm

Larva (Figure 12): Black to pale gray body with markings (spots or stripes), 1½ inches long when mature. Cut young plants below or above ground.

Adult (Figure 13): Dark gray, brown or dull yellow or tan moths with dark wing markings, robust body, wingspan length of 1¼ to 1½ inches.

Figure 12
Photo Credit:
J. Gavloski, Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives
Larva - dingy cutworm larva
Figure 13
Photo Credit:
G. Fauske, NDSU
Adult - dingy cutworm

Bean Leaf Beetle

Larva: White body with a brown head, about ¼ inch long when mature. Found in soil, feeds on roots, root hairs and nodules.

Adult (Figures 14 and 15): About ¼ inch long, oval-shaped, greenish-yellow to reddish-brown beetle, with four black spots on wings (spots also can be absent) and black margin near wing edges. Beetle always has a black triangular mark in middle and behind prothorax. Adults feed on foliage causing small, round holes between leaflet veins and on pods (Figure 16).

Figure 15
Photo Credit:
J. Kalisch, Nebraska State University
Adult - red bean leaf beetle
Figure 14
Photo Credit:
J. Kalisch, Nebraska State University
Adult - yellow bean leaf beetle
Figure 16
Photo Credit:
J. Kalisch, Nebraska State University
Bean leaf beetle defoliation and pod damage

Potato Leafhopper

Nymph (Figure 17):
Similar to adult, but smaller, wingless and greenish yellow.

Adult (Figure 18): Less than 1/8 inch long, narrow, wedge-shaped, pale green body. Wings are transparent green and folded over back at rest. Nymphs and adults jump or walk rapidly sideways when disturbed. Migrates into North Dakota each spring.

Both nymphs and adults feed on plant juices.

Figure 17
Photo Credit:
S. Brown, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
Nymph - potato leafhopper
Figure 18
Photo Credit:
S. Brown, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
Adult - potato leafhopper

Published with supported from the North Dakota Soybean Council and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project Accession No. 1018411 and the Crop Protection and Pest Management Program [grant no. 2017-70006-27144].

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