Formatting Guidelines and Templates

Ensure your disquisition meets the Graduate School's formatting and construction requirements for final approval. Adhering to these standards maintains consistent quality across all NDSU disquisitions and effectively represents your academic work.

Access our comprehensive formatting guidelines below or download the PDF. The PDF provides the most complete record of our policies, guidelines, and examples; refer to it for detailed information. Review these guidelines before you begin formatting your disquisition.

Download Formatting Guidelines

Note: The Graduate School does not edit, proofread, or review disquisitions for content. Thoroughly proofread your text, images, and front and back matter before submitting your document. Complete and secure committee approval for your disquisition content before you initiate the disquisition review process.

Utilize Templates

Accelerate the completion of your graduate dissertation, thesis, or master's paper by leveraging NDSU’s disquisition templates. Each template is pre-loaded with the basic structure, necessary styles, and automated Table of Contents and prefatory lists. This design helps you efficiently create a document that adheres to all our formatting guidelines.

How to Use NDSU's Disquisition Templates

TEMPLATE - Non-Numbered Headings

TEMPLATE - Auto-Numbered Headings

A Quick Guide to the Templates: Annotated Table of Contents with Styles Pane

Guide to Page Number Problems and Landscape Page Numbering

Word Crash Course video series

Forms

Approval Page Copy 1 (signed)

Approval Page (typed)

  • M.S.
  • M.S. with co-chairs
  • Ph.D.
  • Ph.D. with co-chairs
  • DMA
  • DNP
  • M.A.
  • M.A. with co-chair

IRB/IACUC/IBC Compliance

Title Page

Resources

Dissertation and Thesis Coordinator

Instructional Design Center (IDC)

Disquisition Section Formatting

The items below are explanations of the various sections and requirements of a disquisition.

Font:

  • Use a single font type throughout your document (excluding figures and equations).
  • Choose one of the accepted fonts and sizes:
    • 10-point: Arial, Courier New, Lucida Bright, Microsoft Sans Serif, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Computer Modern (for LaTeX).
    • 11-point: Century, Georgia.
    • 12-point: Garamond, Times New Roman (our template uses 12-point Times New Roman).

Line Spacing:

  • Double-space: Paragraphs and headings.
  • Single-space: Table of Contents and List entries (with a blank line between entries), Table/Figure/Scheme titles and notes.
  • Block Quotations: Either single or double-spaced, but be consistent.
  • References: Follow your style manual's guidance.

Paragraphs:

  • All body text (including the Abstract) must be double-spaced with a 0.5-inch first-line indent.

Page Numbers:

  • Location: Center-aligned in the footer, at least 0.75 inches from the bottom of the page. Ensure consistent height and position.
  • Style: Plain numbers (no "Page" or other text).
  • Prefatory/Front Matter: Use lowercase Roman numerals, starting with the Abstract on page iii.
  • Body/Chapters & End Matter: Use Arabic numerals, beginning with "1" on the first page after the prefatory material.
  • Landscape Pages: Place numbers in the left margin, rotated 90 degrees to align with portrait pages when printed.

Margins:

  • Set 1-inch margins (top, bottom, left, right) on all pages.
  • No content (except page numbers) should extend into these margins. Double-check tables and figures.
  • Content must begin exactly at the top 1-inch margin, with no extra blank lines.

Your disquisition's core content resides within its chapters. Follow these guidelines for formatting and organization:

  • Chapter Start: Each chapter must begin on a new page with a major heading at the top. You aren't required to use "Chapter" in the heading title.
  • Numbering Chapters: Chapter numbering is only necessary if you use numbered subheadings within that chapter. Refer to the "Headings" section for more details.
  • Integrating Non-Text Items: All tables, figures, schemes, and other non-text items should be integrated directly into the chapter text, not placed at the end.

Headings

  • Only your chapter titles can be formatted as major headings (centered, ALL CAPS, new page). You can only have one level of major heading.
  • If a chapter is an individual paper or study (e.g., "PAPER 1. THE EFFECT OF RAINFALL ON SUGARBEET PRODUCTION"), its title is the major heading. Internal sections (like "Abstract," "Introduction") must be subheadings under this major title.

Naming

  • You don't need to use "Chapter" in your chapter names.
  • For chapters that are individual papers, studies, or experiments, you can use consistent naming like "Paper 1," "Study 1," or "Experiment 1."

Numbering

  • If using numbered subheadings, the chapter title must be preceded by a number (e.g., "1. INTRODUCTION").
  • You may include an unnumbered introductory chapter before your numbered chapters, provided it contains no subheadings, tables, or figures.

Page Numbers

  • Chapter pages are part of the disquisition's main body and must use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3...).
  • The first page of your first chapter should be numbered as page 1.

All paragraphs in the disquisition must meet the following requirements.

  • Alignment – All paragraphs in the disquisition must be aligned along the left margin of the page, except on the Dedication page. Do not justify the text alignment.
  • Blank Spaces – Do not leave blank lines between paragraphs, except when they prevent orphaned or widowed text, or when you insert a major heading on the next page. For more information about major headings, see Headings.
    • When you insert a table or figure into the text, make sure to minimize the amount of space that appears above and below the item. Do not leave large amounts of space on the bottom of a page when a table, figure, or non-text item appears on the next page. You might need to shift some lines of text in order to accommodate non-text items. For more information, see Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc..
  • Font and Margins – The font must be the same size and type as the rest of your disquisition. The margins must also be the same size as the rest of your disquisition.
  • Indents – Make sure that the first lines of all paragraphs in the disquisition are indented .5 inch.
  • Spacing – Use double-spacing throughout all body paragraphs.
  • Widowed and Orphaned Text – Avoid separating the first or last line of a paragraph from the rest of the paragraph because of a page break. These separated lines are called orphans and widows. In Microsoft Word, you can turn on “Widow/Orphan Control” to automatically prevent this from occurring in your document.

    Download an example of paragraphs formatted in the correct style.

Headings organize your disquisition, clearly separating sections and subsections from the main text. If you're using multiple heading levels, make sure each level is easily distinguishable from both the text and other heading levels.

General Heading Rules

  • No Orphans: Headings should never be separated from their content and left alone at the bottom of a page.
  • No Running Headers: Avoid running headers at the top of every page. Headings should only mark the start of a new section.
  • Style Manuals: For specific heading styles, consult your discipline's style manual (e.g., MLA, APA, Chicago).

Major Headings

Major headings introduce significant sections like your Abstract, Acknowledgments, Table of Contents, the first page of each chapter, and appendices.

They must be:

  • At the top of the first page of a major section.
  • Centered.
  • In ALL CAPS using the same font as your main text.
  • No more than four points larger than your main text font.
  • Included in the Table of Contents.

Subheadings

Subheadings appear within paragraphs of text and have different formatting than major headings. If you use several levels of subheadings, ensure they are distinct from one another.

You can differentiate subheadings using italics, underlining, bold font, and title case (capitalizing major words) or sentence case (capitalizing only the first word).

Subheadings must:

  • Not start a new page unless it's a natural page break.
  • Not use the same formatting as major headings (e.g., no all caps).
  • Not be orphaned from the first paragraph of their section.
  • Table of Contents inclusion: You don't have to include every subheading level in your Table of Contents. However, if you include one subheading of a particular level, you must include all subheadings of that same level throughout the disquisition.

Numbered vs. Non-numbered Headings

Heading numbers are optional. However, if you choose to number one heading level, all headings in your disquisition must be numbered.

If using numbered headings, a period must follow the numbers in both the text and the Table of Contents (e.g., "2.1. Subheading").

Download examples of numbered and unnumbered headings.

If you choose to number any equations in your disquisition, all equations must be numbered.

You have two numbering options:

  • Sequential by chapter: Number equations based on their chapter (e.g., 1.1, 1.2 in Chapter 1; 2.1, 2.2 in Chapter 2).
  • Consecutive throughout: Number equations sequentially from start to finish, regardless of chapter (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4).

Important: Each equation must have a unique number; you can't have two equations labeled identically (e.g., "Equation 1").

To number an equation, place its number in parentheses to the right of the equation.

If your disquisition contains many equations, consider including a List of Equations in your prefatory material.

Download an example of non-text items.

Maintaining academic honesty in your disquisition is crucial. Always cite information, data, or intellectual property from other sources, including text, tables, and figures.

Copyright and Permissions
If you reproduce copyrighted content (e.g., tables, figures, models), you may need permission from the copyright holder. This can even apply to your own previously published work. Understand fair use and public domain guidelines, as well as your publication's copyright agreement. Refer to the Copyright section in General Requirements (especially the Kenneth Crews article) and NDSU's policies on Intellectual Property (section 6) and Academic Responsibility and Conduct for more information.

Copyright Permission Letters
Include copyright or permission letters in an appendix of your disquisition or as Supplemental Files in ProQuest. Redact all personal information (e.g., phone numbers, addresses, emails).

Co-Authored Materials
For co-authored materials, clearly describe your contribution in a footnote to the relevant chapter heading. Minor contributions cannot be included. See the Copyright > Co-Authored Materials section in General Requirements for details and an example.

Citations and References
Ensure your citations and reference sections are complete, correct, and consistently formatted according to your discipline's style manual (e.g., MLA, APA, Chicago, IEEE). Use one style guide throughout your disquisition.

Citation Generators
If using a citation generator, double-check automatically-generated citations for accuracy in capitalization, punctuation, author names, font style (e.g., italics), journal titles (full names vs. abbreviations), and adherence to your chosen style guide.

In-Text Citations
For in-text citations, footnotes, or endnotes, refer to your discipline's style manual.

Reference or Works Cited Sections

Place your Reference or Works Cited sections either:

  1. At the end of each chapter (for self-contained studies).
  2. At the end of the disquisition body (after chapters, before appendices).

Format in-chapter reference headings as subheadings. For end-of-disquisition reference sections, use a major heading but do not number it. Consult your style manual for entry formatting.

Spacing and Hyperlink Formatting
Follow your style manual's guidance for line spacing in Reference sections (e.g., single-spaced with space between entries, numbered, hanging indents). Prioritize readability and ensure consistent spacing and alignment.
When including URLs in citations or references, ensure they are not underlined, colored, or appear as hyperlinks. The text should be standard black font with no underlining, even if linked.

Resources
For style manual guidance, contact your advisor or the NDSU Center for Writers.

Contact the Dissertation and Thesis Coordinator for citation questions related to NDSU guidelines, templates, and format review. They do not advise on citation styles or how to cite sources.

For technical Word formatting issues, contact the Instructional Design Center (IDC).

Integrate all tables, figures, schemes, and other non-text items directly into your disquisition's text, rather than grouping them at the end of chapters. Ideally, place them on the same page as their first reference or as close as possible. Consult your discipline's style manual (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) for specific formatting.

Additional Requirements:

  • Citations: Always cite the original source for any non-original non-text item. You can do this with an in-text citation in the title/caption, a footnote, or an endnote that points to your References/Bibliography. If you've adapted an item, state this and cite the original source in the title or caption. Refer to your discipline's style manual for citation specifics.
  • Font:
    • Item titles must match the disquisition's main font type and size. Use single-spacing for multi-line titles.
    • Within tables, use the same font type as the disquisition. The font size can be smaller if needed to fit within page margins.
    • Within figures, schemes, and other items, the font can differ from the main text, but the item title's font type must match the document's.
  • Numbering: Number all non-text items sequentially by type (e.g., "Table 1," "Figure 1"). You cannot have two items of the same type with the same number (e.g., two "Table 1"s). Choose one of the following numbering methods and apply it consistently:
    • Sequential by chapter: (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2).
    • Consecutive throughout the disquisition: (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4).
    • Appendices: If items are in appendices, number them with the appendix letter followed by a sequential number (e.g., "Table A1" for the first table in Appendix A).
  • Spacing: Minimize blank space around non-text items. Ensure they are clearly distinguishable from paragraph text. Place items at natural page breaks (top or bottom of a page, or between paragraphs), as close as possible to their first in-text reference, but never before it.
  • Titles: Every non-text item must have a numbered title (e.g., "Figure 1") and be listed in the appropriate prefatory material (e.g., List of Tables, List of Figures). Consult your discipline's style manual for title formatting, punctuation, and placement.

Your Title Page is the first page of your disquisition. Use the provided Title page template to accurately enter your information, then copy and paste it into your document.

Key Requirements:

  • Alignment: All content must be center-aligned. Do not use indents for centering.
  • Font: You can set the font size up to four points larger than your body text.
  • Page Number: Do not include a page number on the Title Page.

Required Information to Personalize - Ensure the following details are precisely entered:

  • Title of Disquisition: Centered at the top of the page.
    • Double-spaced (line spacing 2.0) and in ALL CAPS.
    • Allow the title to wrap naturally without manual line breaks.
  • Type of Disquisition: Clearly state if it's a "Thesis," "Paper," or "Dissertation."
  • Your Full Name: Include your full name, including middle name(s). No abbreviations or initials. This must match your name in NDSU's official records (e.g., Campus Connection).
  • Type of Degree: State the full degree type (e.g., "MASTER OF ARTS," "MASTER OF SCIENCE," "DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY") in ALL CAPS.
  • Major Department or Program:
    • Label as "Major Department:" or "Major Program:".
    • Enter your specific department or program on the line below.
    • Only include a degree option if officially granted by your department.
      • Refer to the Graduate Bulletin for program details.
  • Month and Year of Final Examination

You'll need to submit two separate copies of the Disquisition Approval page: one for the Graduate School files (Copy 1) and one to include in your disquisition (Copy 2).

Copy 1: For Graduate School Files
This copy requires original signatures from your committee and department chairperson, along with your student ID number. Submit it to the Graduate School before your disquisition review.

Steps:

  • Initiate the DocuSign form Disquisition Approval Page.
  • Type in the necessary information.
  • Collect original signatures from your committee members and department chair.
  • After all signatures are completed, the form will route to the Graduate School to add to your file.

Copy 2: Within Your Disquisition
This copy has the same information as Copy 1, but no signatures or student ID number. Instead, type the names of your committee members, department chairperson, and the approval date. Do not submit a scanned image of Copy 1.

The NDSU template includes this page. If you're not using the template:

  1. Download the appropriate Copy 2 version based on your degree type (Ph.D., M.S., etc.).
  2. Type in all required information, including names and the approval date.
  3. Insert this page as the second page of your disquisition, directly after the Title page. This page should not have a page number.

Your Abstract is a concise summary of your disquisition, outlining your research question or argument and conclusions. Write it for clarity and brevity, using plain language to be accessible to both specialists and non-specialists. This summary helps readers quickly determine your disquisition's relevance.

Key Guidelines:

  • Audience: Aim for a general audience, avoiding jargon and overly technical terms.
  • Content: Summarize your disquisition's main points, primary arguments, and conclusions.
  • Word Limit:
    • Dissertations: 350 words or less.
    • Papers/Theses: 150 words or less.
  • Resources: Consult your discipline's style manual or the Center for Writers for detailed guidance and an example of proper formatting.

The Acknowledgments section is where you can express gratitude to individuals who provided assistance or support during your disquisition's research and writing. If required by a funding source, you can also use this section to credit them.

(You can download an example of properly formatted acknowledgments.)

The Dedication section is a brief, center-aligned, double-spaced statement where you can dedicate your disquisition to significant people in your life. Don't vertically center the text on the page.

Download an example of a properly formatted dedication.

The Preface section offers an opportunity to share an autobiographical account of your disquisition's development or include a significant quote that inspired your research.

If you quote or reference outside sources in your Preface, remember to cite them appropriately. For citation guidelines, refer to the "References/Works Cited" section.

You can download an example of a properly formatted preface.

Your Table of Contents lists the major headings in your disquisition and can also show the hierarchy of your subheadings.

Key Requirements:

  • Inclusion: All major headings must be in the table of contents, except for the Title page, Disquisition Approval page, and the table of contents itself. While including subheadings is optional, if you list one subheading of a particular level, you must include all subheadings of that same level throughout your disquisition.
  • Alignment & Indentation:
    • Major headings should be left-aligned.
    • Subheadings must be consistently indented beneath their preceding major heading, with consistent alignment and indentation for all subheadings of the same level.
    • Avoid justified alignment to prevent uneven spacing.
  • Dot Leaders: Use dot leaders to connect each heading to its corresponding page number.
  • Entries: Table of contents entries must exactly match the headings in your disquisition, including wording, punctuation, and capitalization. If your headings are numbered in the text, they must be numbered in the table of contents. Ensure headings don't extend into the page number column; force a line break if needed.
  • Spacing: Single-space entries longer than one line, and leave a single, consistent line of space between each entry.
  • Automation: If using Microsoft Word's automated table of contents feature, double-check that it complies with all these guidelines. For assistance, contact the Disquisition Processor or Learning and Applied Innovation Center (LAIC).

You can download an example of a properly formatted Table of Contents.

If you use tables, figures, schemes, or other non-text items in the chapters of your disquisition, then you must also include a list of those items in the prefatory material. Other non-text items for which a list could be created include (but are not limited to) maps, musical examples, etc. Tables, figures, schemes, and other non-text items should be integrated into the text of your disquisition. For more information, see Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. on this page.

For more information about how to create lists for non-text elements, refer to the style manual that is used in your discipline. In many style manuals, content arranged in rows and columns is considered a table, while other visual content is considered a figure.

All tables, figures, schemes, and non-text elements that appear in the text must be included in the prefatory lists.

Do not combine multiple types of items into the same list. For example, if you use both tables and figures in your disquisition, then you must include a List of Tables and a List of Figures.

If you use tables, figures, schemes, and non-text elements in the appendix or appendices, then you must create a List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, Etc. as well, which identifies those items that appear in your appendices. Do not include appendix items in the normal Lists of Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc.

If you use equations in the disquisition, you may want to include a List of Equations in your prefatory material (this is optional). For more information, see Equations on this page.

Example – Download an example List of Tables, List of Figures, and List of Schemes in the correct formats.

  • Alignment – Item numbers must be aligned flush against the left margin. Page numbers must be aligned flush with the right margin. To avoid awkward gaps between words, do not justify the alignment.
  • Dot leaders – Use dot leaders to connect the last word of each title with the page number where that item appears.
  • Entries – The titles that are included in the lists must be identical to the titles that appear in the appendices. This includes wording, punctuation, and capitalization.
    • Do not allow headings to extend into the page number column. You might need to force a line break. If the title for an entry is longer than one line, indent the subsequent lines to align with the first word of the title. Subsequent lines for an entry should not align with the number for that entry.
  • Font and Margins – The font must be the same size and type as the rest of your disquisition. The margins must also be the same size as the rest of your disquisition.
  • Numbering – Items must be numbered sequentially based on the type of item, following the same numbering used by the items in the document.
  • Order – The lists should appear after the Table of Contents. The List of Tables should appear before the List of Figures. For more information, see Required Order of Elements.
  • Page numbers – Page numbers must be consistent with the rest of the disquisition. This is considered part of the prefatory material and must use lower-case Roman numerals.
  • Spacing – If an entry is longer than one line it should be single spaced, and there should be one consistent line of space between each entry.
  • Automated Lists – Microsoft Word can create automated lists. If you do use automated lists, make sure that you follow the guidelines that are listed here. For more information about how to create automated lists, contact the Disquisition Processor or the Learning and Applied Innovation Center (LAIC).

If your disquisition uses many abbreviations, symbols, or specialized terms, you might want to include a dedicated list for clarity. This allows you to define them all in one place for your readers.

Important:

Use the correct list type for each item (e.g., abbreviations in a List of Abbreviations, symbols in a List of Symbols). Do not combine abbreviations and symbols into one list.

These lists should appear after your Lists of Tables, Figures, and Schemes.

Formatting Guidelines:

Alignment:

  • Abbreviations, symbols, or terms must be left-aligned.
  • Their definitions should be left-aligned at 2.5-3 inches.
  • If a definition spans multiple lines, subsequent lines should align with the first word of the definition.
  • Avoid justified alignment to prevent awkward gaps.

Dot Leaders: Use dot leaders to connect the abbreviation/symbol to its definition.

Spacing: If an entry (abbreviation/symbol + definition) is longer than one line, single-space it. Otherwise, maintain one consistent line of space between each entry.

You can download an example of a properly formatted List of Abbreviations/Symbols.

If your disquisition includes tables, figures, schemes, or other non-text items (like maps or musical examples) in your appendix/appendices, you must create separate lists for them in your prefatory material. These lists should appear after your main Lists of Tables, Figures, Schemes, and any Lists of Abbreviations/Symbols/Definitions.

Key points:

  • Include all non-text items from your appendices in these lists.
  • Don't combine different item types (e.g., have a "List of Appendix Tables" and a "List of Appendix Figures," not one combined list).
  • Don't include appendix items in your main Lists of Tables, Figures, etc.

Formatting Guidelines:

  • Column Headings: Each list needs two column headings: the item type (e.g., "Table," "Figure") aligned left, and "Page" aligned right. Do not add "Appendix" to these headings.
  • Alignment & Indentation:
    • Item numbers must be left-aligned.
    • Page numbers must be right-aligned.
    • For multi-line titles, indent subsequent lines to align with the first word of the title, not the item number.
    • Avoid justified alignment.
  • Dot Leaders: Use dot leaders to connect each title to its page number.
  • Entries: Titles in the list must exactly match those in your appendices (wording, punctuation, capitalization). Titles shouldn't extend into the page number column; use a line break if necessary.
  • Font & Margins: Use the same font size, type, and margins as the rest of your disquisition.
  • Numbering: Item numbers in the list must precisely match their numbering in the appendices.
    • Single appendix: Items are numbered sequentially with "A" prefix (e.g., A1, A2).
    • Multiple appendices: Items are numbered with the corresponding appendix letter (e.g., Table B1 for the first table in Appendix B).
  • Order: These lists follow your main Lists of Tables, Figures, and any other preliminary lists.
  • Page Numbers: Use lowercase Roman numerals for these prefatory pages.
  • Spacing: Single-space multi-line entries, and maintain one consistent line of space between each entry.
  • Automated Lists: If you use Word's automated list feature, ensure it complies with all these guidelines. Contact the Disquisition Processor or Learning and Applied Innovation Center (LAIC) for help.

Appendices provide supplementary material not essential to your disquisition's main body. Though optional and numbered differently, treat them similarly to your main chapters in terms of formatting and content.

General Appendix Guidelines

  • Citations: Cite all non-original material using scholarly practices consistent with your disquisition's style manual.
  • Font and Margins: Maintain the same font type, size, and margins as the rest of your disquisition.
  • Headings: Use the same formatting, style, and size for appendix headings as for equivalent chapter headings. If chapter headings are numbered, number appendix headings using the appendix letter (e.g., "B.1." for the first subheading in Appendix B).
  • Major Headings: Each appendix must begin with a major heading, formatted like other major disquisition headings, prefaced with "APPENDIX."
  • Subheadings: Appendix subheadings should match the formatting, style, and numbering of chapter subheadings. If numbered, use the appendix letter (e.g., "B.1." for the first first-level subheading in Appendix B).
  • Table of Contents (TOC): Include each appendix as a major heading in the main TOC. If chapter subheadings are in the TOC, include appendix subheadings too. Do not create a separate list for appendices.
  • Page Numbers: Continue Arabic page numbering (1, 2, 3...) from the preceding chapters; do not restart numbering for appendices.
  • Spacing: Maintain consistent line spacing and paragraph indentation throughout.

Single Appendix

If you have only one appendix:

  • Labeling: The major heading on the first page can simply be "APPENDIX" or include a title (e.g., "APPENDIX. SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES"). Do not add a letter (e.g., "APPENDIX A").
  • Non-Text Items: Number non-text items (tables, figures, etc.) with an "A" prefix (e.g., "Table A1"). Do not continue numbering from main chapters. Create a "List of Appendix Tables," "List of Appendix Figures," etc., if applicable.

Multiple Appendices
If you have more than one appendix:

Labeling: Label each with a capital letter (e.g., "APPENDIX A," "APPENDIX B"). Consider adding a descriptive title to each (e.g., "APPENDIX A. RESEARCH COMPLIANCE FORMS") to improve clarity in the TOC. Consult your discipline's style guide for specific labeling and titling conventions.

Non-Text Items: Number non-text items with the corresponding appendix letter prefix (e.g., "Table B1" for the first table in Appendix B). Do not continue numbering from main chapters. Create a "List of Appendix Tables," "List of Appendix Figures," etc., if applicable.

Non-Text Items in Appendices

  • Numbering: Non-text items (tables, figures, schemes) must include the appendix letter in their numbering (e.g., "Table A1" for the first table in Appendix A; "Table B1" for the first table in Appendix B). Numbering restarts with each appendix.
  • Single Item Appendix: If an appendix contains only one non-text item, you may integrate its title into the main appendix heading (e.g., "APPENDIX B. FREQUENCY OF CROP BLIGHT IN NORTH DAKOTA FIELDS"). If you do this, the item does not need a separate title or inclusion in the "List of Appendix items," provided your style manual allows it.
  • Lists of Appendix Items: If you include non-text items in your appendices, create separate lists (e.g., "List of Appendix Tables," "List of Appendix Figures") in your disquisition's prefatory material, placed after the main lists of tables/figures. These lists should only contain items from the appendices. Refer to "General Requirements" for prefatory material organization.